HEALTH AND WELLNESS ADVISORY SYSTEM

BY

KIPKEIYO FAITH JERUTO

E46/6196/2020
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING AND
INFORMATICS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF A BACHELORS DEGREE IN EDUCATION - INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OPTION, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

2024

DECLARATION
This Thesis is my original work and has not been presented for examination or

award in any other University

Signed ……………………………… Date ………………………

KIPKEIYO FAITH JERUTO

Reg. No: E46/6196/2020

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This project has been submitted for examination with my approval as University

Supervisor

Signed ……………………………… Date ………………………

DR. Austin Milabi

For and on behalf of the University of Nairobi

DEDICATION

The Almighty God who has granted me good life, strength, wisdom and grace to
work through this study.
My great supervisor, Dr, Milabi who has been guiding me through out the projet.I
dedicate this study to my supervisors and my parents who I respect and honor
for their contribution to who I am.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere appreciation goes to my supervisors for their enabling support and

guidance in the proposal writing. I owe special thanks to all my workmates,

classmates and friends for their encouragement and support.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Contents
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABBREVIATIONS ix
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Purpose of the study 2
1.4 Research Objectives 3
1.5 Research questions 3
1.6 Justification of the project 3
1.7 Delimitation of the study 4
1.8 Limitations of the study 4
1.9 Assumptions of the study 4
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.0 Introduction 5
2.1 Analysis, comparison and criticism of existing projects with an
assessment of strengths and weaknesses of existing projects 5
2.1.1 System One name Onlymyhealth.com country India 5
2 2.1.System Two Name Melhor com Saude country Brazil 6
2.1.3 System Three Name unlockfood.ca country Canada 7
2.1.4 Summary of comparison of the systems 8
2.2 Literature review based on the specific research objectives 8
2.2,1The Challenges of the old manual dissemination of health and diet
information. 9
2.2.2 The Benefits of health advisory system. 9
2.3 Conclusion 10
CHAPTER THREE: 10
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 10
v
 3.0 Introduction 10
3.1 Locality of the project and Beneficiaries to the project 10
3.2 Research Design approach 10
3.3 Population of the study (Target group) and Sampling method 11
3.4 Data collection methods and Primary Data collection methods 11
3.5 Data analysis methods 11
3.6 Testing plan for the system 12
3.7 Ethical clearance considerations 13
3.8 End Users 13
CHAPTER SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 14
4.1 Introduction 14
4.2 modules 14
4.3 system requirements 16
4.4 Functional and non-functional requirements 16
4.5 Stakeholders 17
4.6 User case diagrams 17
4.8 Entity relationship diagram 20
CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 22
5.1 System implementation 22
5.2 Technology used 22
5.2.1 Hardware platform 22
5.2.2 Programming language 22
5.2.3 Programming tools 22
5.2.3 Programming tools 23
5.2.4 Software Platform 23
5.3 FEATURES OF THE PROTOTYPE 24
CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 32
6.1. Response Rate 32
6.2. Demographics results 32
6.2.1. Age bracket of the respondents 32

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 6.2.2. Distribution by Gender 33
6.2.3. Education Level 34
6.2.4. Location of Residence 34
6.2.5. Challenges affecting the use of the System 35
6.2.6. Experience with Digital Health and wellness advisory system 35
6.2.7. Importance of the System 36
6.2.8. Use of the system 36
CHAPTER 7 37
7.1 Discussion 37
7.2 Conclusion 37
7.3 Recommendations 38
7.4 Future Work 39
REFFERENCES 39
APPENDIX 40
RESEARCH QUESTION 40
BUDGET 40
Gantt chart 41

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Comparison of the system
Table 2: Description of the test plan

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: User case diagram for the admin

Figure 2: User case diagram for the student
Figure 3: User case diagram for dietitian
Figure 4: Entity relationship diagram

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 ABBREVIATIONS

H&WAS – Health and wellness advisory system

NCD’s : Non-communicable diseases

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 ABSTRACT

The greatest wealth is health. The rise of chronic diseases and the growing focus
on preventive healthcare necessitate accessible and personalized guidance. This
work proposes a health and wellness advisory system that empowers individuals
to take charge of their well-being.

The system leverages user-specific data, including health history, lifestyle habits,
and biometrics, to generate tailored recommendations. It integrates knowledge
from credible sources and dietitians to provide insights into nutrition, exercise,
sleep, and stress management. . The Health and Wellness Advisory System also
offers multiple diet plans tailored to individual preferences, promoting a healthier
lifestyle and increased awareness of one's health
This advisory system aims to bridge the gap between traditional healthcare and
individual proactive measures. It fosters informed decision-making and
empowers users to adopt sustainable practices for a healthier lifestyle

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Health-promoting lifestyle behaviors are part of the activities of daily living that
influence individual happiness, values and well-being. They play a crucial role in
prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among all age
groups. Current statistics on mortality, disability and morbidity associated with
NCDs are alarming globally. The use of information and communication
technology (ICT) for a health-promoting lifestyle behavior program enhances
health behaviors that are important in the prevention and control of both
communicable and non-communicable diseases. Our study aimed to map
evidence on the use of ICT in comprehensive health-promoting lifestyle behavior
among healthy adults.

The application of social media in the health purview has gained unparalleled
popularity over the past few years and shows tremendous potential as their
functions are known to be effective in improving access to health information by
users, engagement of families in lifestyle change and motivating weight loss. In
other words, various social media networks serve as veritable tools in the hand of
corporate bodies, institutions, groups, and individuals for the promotion of health
and wellness. In developed and developing countries, many projects have
demonstrated that enhanced communication efforts can improve the health and
well-being of population.

The current life expectancy for Kenya in 2023 is 67.47 years, a 0.38% increase
from 2022. The life expectancy for Kenya in 2019 was 66.44 years, a 0.39%
increase from 2018 according to Macro trends (Kenya life expectancy 1950-2023,
2023) . The life expectancy is could increase with a big margin if people adopt a
better healthy lifestyle compared to the current one. This will be realized when
people are well equipped with a reliable health information. The online diet portal
will make it easy for information to reach as many people as possible because so
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many people have access to the internet.

1.2 Problem Statement

Most people in Kenya spend lots of money to seek health information from
health officers. When a person falls sick with diet related issues they seek
information from a doctor who recommends the kind of food the person should
and should not consume. We could lower these costs by making sure nutritional
advice is in their fingertips.

Based on the facts finding on the related literature, it reveals that Malnutrition
constitutes one of the major public health challenges throughout the developing
world. Urban poverty and malnutrition have been on the rise, with an increased
rate of morbidity. I herein explore the relationship between infections and
nutritional status among people across Kenya. This problem can be addressed
by use of this online diet system for people will be well equipped with information
that is going to help them adopt a better health lifestyle.

The health advisory system for this project is aimed to be the solution to the
above explained problem. The system will be a web based application that will be
used by dieticians and other health specialists to avail healthy diet tips to all
users able to access the internet and a smart device be it a desktop or
smartphone. The system will incorporate two modules, first module will be that
of the users who are seeking health tips and second module will be that of the
admin who will be posting diet tips given by various dieticians.

1.3 Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study is to construct a web-based health advisory system to

be used by dieticians and other health specialists to avail healthy diet tips to all

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users able to access the internet and a smart device be it a desktop or

smartphone as a solution and source of information for reliable and better health

related advises an services in Kenya.

1.4 Research Objectives

With regard to this project, the following objective will guide the development of

the project.

1. To design and develop an health and wellness advisory system to

eliminate health inaccurate and unreliable advisory information regarding

health matters in Kenya. Specific Research Objectives

2. To find out the challenges with the old manual dissemination of health

and benefits of new health and wellness system.

3. To allow user to register and log in in order to access important

information and also notify the user in case of updates in recommended

menu.

4. To Generate reports for nutritionist based on user feedback.

1.5 Research questions

1. What should be the solution to the unreliable and inaccurate health

advisory information regarding health matters in Kenya.

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1.6 Justification of the project

The study aims to contribute practical insights for health facility managers and

policy makers through providing a health advisory system from users and experts

A health and wellness advisory system provides personalized guidance and

recommendations based on individual health data, lifestyle choices, and goals. It

helps users make informed decisions about diet, exercise, and overall well-being,

leading to improved health outcomes and a better quality of life. The system can

also offer timely reminders, track progress, and adapt recommendations based

on changes in the user's health status or behavior. Overall, it empowers

individuals to take control of their health and adopt healthier habits.

1.7 Delimitation of the study

The project intends was developed for application on advisory information

regarding health natters in health facilities in Kenya.

1.8 Limitations of the study

The system is limited providing only advisory information to doctors, physicians

and nurses.

1.9 Assumptions of the study

The following are the assumptions to this study:

i. Good awareness of health advisory technology use to the users and

healthcare experts.

ii. The data provided by the user will be accurate and up to date

iii. Individuals have unique health needs and preferences hence requiring
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 personalized information.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
Use of information communication technology in the health purview has gained
unparalleled popularity over the past few years and shows tremendous potential
as their functions are known to be effective in improving access to health
information by users, engagement of families in lifestyle change and motivating
weight loss and lowering the rise of chronic infections.
2.1 Analysis, comparison and criticism of existing projects with an assessment
of strengths and weaknesses of existing projects

2.1.1 System One name Onlymyhealth.com country India

Onlymyhealth.com is a product of MMI Online Ltd which is a strategic online

division from the house of Jagran Prakashan, India's Leading Media
conglomerate. Onlymyhealth.com is the only complete health and lifestyle
website in India that you can term truly yours.
Indians have created a website that introduces the world of health and lifestyle
information supported by reliable content providers and timely relevance. While
maintaining high credibility and in-depth information, our team strives hard to
ensure your overall well-being.
This web applications has some limitations such as; the website doesn’t have a
mechanism that allows users to login into the website, it doesn’t have geo-
location ability so that it can meet users’ interest based on the region where the
user comes from. The website has its own strengths such as it has a very wide
and reliable type of diet information for its users, it also has the ability to send

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popup notifications to its users whenever new information has been added
however this only happens when a person is a frequent user of the application
and has allowed myhealth.com to send him/her notifications. The website can be
accessed using the url- https://www.onlymyhealth.com/

Onlymyhealth.com screenshot(India)

2 2.1.System Two Name Melhor com Saude country Brazil

This is a web based application used in Brazil for healthy lifestyle guidelines. In
this website you will find content on several topics such as diseases and
treatments, well-being, natural remedies and diets and recipes and many other
services. Everything in this particular website is developed by a team of
journalists specialized in health who use scientific research, pharmaceutical
discoveries and the latest relevant discoveries in each area of specialization. The
website can be accessed through the following URL-
https://melhorcomsaude.com.br/. This web application has its strengths in that
access to this health tips is absolutely free, it is easy to use, all need is a fine
internet access. Another strength is that the application has a wide range of
useful information in matters to do with lifestyle.
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Apart from strengths, the website has its own shortcomings, this include; it
doesn’t have a mechanism to enable users to register themselves so that they
can be receiving notifications about recent updates made in the recipes. This
means that the user has to manually search the website every time he is seeking
health tips.

Melhorcom saude screenshot(Brazil)

2.1.3 System Three Name unlockfood.ca country Canada

UnlockFood is a bilingual, award-winning website brought to you by Dietitians of
Canada. UnlockFood is here to help Canadians connect with a dietitian and find
the nutrition and food information that they need when they need it. On
UnlockFood, you will find information on nutrition, food and healthy eating, as
well as recipes, videos and online tools. There is information on hundreds of
topics from A-Z. This website however has its limitations such as; it doesn’t have
a way to register users this means that when someone is seeking health and diet
information from the website they must search it manually in the web browser. It
doesn’t also notify the user in case of any updates made on the website. Apart
from the limitations the website has its strengths such as, the website provides
very wide and reliable health and diet information for any user who relies on it for
information, it is well organized to be able to meet any Canadian’s information
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needs all one needs is to know its name and search for it using a web browser.
The website can be accessed using the following link-
https://www.unlockfood.ca/en/default.aspx
Unlockfood.ca screenshot(canada)

2.1.4 Summary of comparison of the systems

Features Onlymyhealth.com Melhor com Unlockfood.ca
(India) Saude (Brazil) (Canada)

Cost X  
Easy to Install  X X
Easy to use   
Efficient   
Database
Good Security   
Vulnerability   
assessment
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Table 1 Summary of comparison of the systems
2.2 Literature review based on the specific research objectives

The research involves two system that is the old manual dissemination of health
information and the health advisory system. The old manual dissemination of
health and information had a lot of problems that the new online health and diet
system seeks to solve.

2.2,1The Challenges of the old manual dissemination of health and diet

information.
Language barrier there was lack of a proper language to use in passing diet
information to the people around so they can understand. Language barriers
posed challenges in terms of achieving high levels of satisfaction among
medical professionals and patients, providing high- quality healthcare and
maintaining patient safety.
Time consuming health educationists took a lot of time trying to educate people
on healthy habits since they had to move from place to place to reach the people.
The health officers were only able to attend one individual at a time in a
consultation.
Poor quality of the information. The information being shared was not restricted
to who and who should not pass the health information as anybody with or
without health expertise could share what he/she knows about diet matters. This
made it possible to pass wrong information to the people.
High cost for consulting with health experts. Most people spent lots of money in
health and diet consultation from health experts around. The patients had to
incur an extra cost of transport to health centers apart from consultation and
service fee.
Poor means of data storage this posed a challenge in storing information for
future use as health officers relied on expert knowledge they had which at times
couldn’t be effective. They also relied on written materials for reference which
wasn’t readily available.
Inadequate funding. The government never provided enough funds towards the
health sector to aid in creation of health and diet awareness among the citizens.
The health sector was something highly ignored or given less attention because
there it was not easy to reach people with health awareness.

2.2.2 The Benefits of health advisory system.

Ease of maintenance the new system can be maintained with ease by updating
the information whenever the diet specialist wants to. Use of digital means of
creating health awareness is something easy as the admin or dietitian just
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updates once and the update is applied across many registered users.
Use of a sufficient database information stored manually can easily hectic as
compared to the new system which stores all information in a centralized
database for retrieval at a user’s own convenience. The database that stores all
health and diet information is vast and allows vast information to be stored for
use by all registered users.
Better communication using a centralized database and the new system makes
communication to many users at different geographical locations easier and at a
time. Many people can get reached to at a time because of the vast number of
users allowed register.
Cheaper all a user needs is a smartphone or a computer to access healthy tips
compared to old manual dissemination of health tips that made it expensive to
reach as many people as possible. This application will cut off the extra cost of
transportation from the users’ to health centers in search of advice on health
matters.
Reduced use of paper work. The application will be run using a computer
meaning that there won’t be a need to use printed media that is expensive and
time consuming. Because this will be an online application users no longer need
to book appointments in hard copy but just book an appointment online and wait
for a response from a desired dietitian.
User friendly the application will provide an interactive platform so as users can
make use of the health tips and give feedback this will in turn help in improving
the application even more. The application is easier to use and training on its use
is not necessary.

2.3 Conclusion
The online health and diet portal is a web based application whose main purpose
will be to provide registered users with health and diet tips from dietitians and
health specialists. The application will be useful in such a way that users will get
healthy activity plan for a week. This ministry of health should make use of this
application so as to reach as many people as possible due to the increased use
of internet and smartphones.

CHAPTER THREE:

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

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3.0 Introduction
This chapter will cover the system methodology, which analyzes the current
system, the beneficiaries of the project, the people it targets, the methods I will
use to collect data, data analysis methods and the testing plan for the system.
System requirements and specifications are also discussed.

3.1 Locality of the project and Beneficiaries to the project

The health advisory system will be implemented in Nairobi County since the
region has a good network coverage and many people are active users of the
internet.
The beneficiaries of this application will be people who any user who has a
device that supports access to the internet.
3.2 Research Design approach
To know how many people prefer use of a recognized online source of health and
diet tips we will sample random 20 people. Due to sensitivity of information on
health matters, some people take most information availed on the web to be
unreliable because they feel that people who post information on websites just
want money and not quality information delivery.
As much as we will be sampling the population at large our focus will be on those
who prefer use of online health and diet tips application.
The feedback obtained will be useful in improving our system for quality and
effective information delivery.
3.3 Population of the study (Target group) and Sampling
method
Our study will focus on the population that will consider using online health and
diet sources for purposes of acquiring health and diet tips because health
matters is a topic that must be accurate thus most people may not put their trust
on online sources of information. The sample obtained shall be evaluated I terms
of gender and age. The data obtained will provide an insight on what to include
and what to improve on as I come up with this application. The response rate
from the sample will therefore be very important to me as the developer of this
particular application since it will provide a feedback. The sampling method to be
used for this research is random sampling which is defined as a type of
probability sampling where everyone in the entire target population has an equal
chance of being selected. The random method ensures that there is no bias in
the sample while the opportunity method helps with reducing time wastage.

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3.4 Data collection methods and Primary Data collection
methods
Some of the people will be given an online questionnaire to give their views on
whether they consider online sources of health and diet tips or the physical way
of visiting dieticians and health officers. From this particular questionnaire we
will be able identify the challenges faced by the use of old means of
dissemination of health and diet tips and how they can be addressed using the
new web application.
The questionnaire will also help in identifying the benefits of using the online
health and diet website. The more the benefits of this application the more
people will be encouraged to use this application when seeking health tips.
Moreover, they were asked whether they would recommend the online health and
diet application.

3.5 Data analysis methods

Data collected from the various sources will be analyzed with simple, descriptive,
statistical and analytical tools such as frequencies, percentages, graphs and
charts (control, pareto, monitoring, bar, pie etc.).

3.6 Testing plan for the system

For this particular system, testing will be conducted based ranging from unit
testing to the integration testing. For the unit testing is for the individual modules
so as to eliminate executable and logical errors, and for the Integration is for the
dependent modules and finally System testing for the whole system.
Description for the test plan
Input Actions Output

Registration of new user The user can key in their New username and
preferable username, password allow the user
register and submit it.
to login. When there is
incorrect details the
login pops message for
error is noted. The users
must therefore enter
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 their usernames exactly
as registered.

User Password change Users fill a change For the correct details on
password form on the the form, a successful
login form. message is shown.
Login Type Three types of Users: The Administrator, the
Admin, students and students’ and dietitians
logins have different
dietitians. interfaces
Login validation Username and Correct password:
password are set by the Access into the system
user
Incorrect password: error

Administrator changing Admin can change user Password changed to a

user password and update it new

Password one and accepts login

The previous one invalid
Table 2: Description for the test plan

3.7 Ethical clearance considerations

A letter from the dean of school of science and technology.
A letter from the program coordinator.
A letter from the project supervisor.
A letter from the Ministry of education.
Form of consent.

3.8 End Users

There are three types of system users:

a. Admin: They will be responsible and reliable for any maintenance,

updates, adding and removing users, searching users, adding details, and

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 health options to the system and, analyzing feedback.

b. Student Users: They are the user of the system that has access to all of
the functionalities of the system with respect to admin and dietitian
functionalities.

c. Dietitians: They are users that support the student's meal plans and
health and wellness reports.

CHAPTER SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction
This chapter is first focused on the three types of end users Admin, Student
users, and dietitians via the student health center. Then shown is a list of the
systems requirement and specifications for the system. These include the
functional and non-function requirements that the system must provide, full
description of the requirements and specifications for the health and wellness
system development in which is described in detail in this chapter.
A list of all functional and non-functional requirements will listed and referenced
in the appendix.

4.2 modules
A Modular design, or "modularity in design", is a design approach that subdivides
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a
system into smaller parts called modules. This website has three significant
modules with
its sub-modules as follows:

Admin Login
 Add Dietitian: The system allows admin to add dietitian details into the
system who can create the diet plan for the users. This can be used for
new resources which are attached to support the system

 View/Students: Can view and edit the student details whenever required.

 Can see the list of registered users with their details.

 View Feedback: Can view feedback provided by the registered users.

User Login.
 Register:To continue with the diet plan details, the user first needs to
fill up all the required details.

 My Details: The user views account details that are currently used to
register

 into the system.

 Calculate BMI: Based on details provided by the user, the system

automatically calculates the BMI of the user.

 Get Diet plan: Based on details provided by the user, the system asks
the user if they would like to get a diet plan.

 View Diet Plan: The diet plan for the user is generated by the dietitian
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  Request Diet Plan: If the user is unsatisfied with the diet plan
provided by the dietitian then he/she can raise a request to generate
the proper diet plan him/herself.

 Survey: User can use a self-question survey to ask questions

regarding system and areas which they think should be improved.

 Write Feedback: Registered users can provide feedback and the feed

Dietitian Login

 View Diet Plan Request: A dietitian can view the diet plan request
from the users.

 Create a Diet Plan:Based on the user's request, dietitian creates a

diet plan for him/her.

 Update Diet Plan: The user resends the request to a dietitian about
unsatisfied diet plan. So, as per the user's request, dietitian
regenerates the diet plan and sends to the user.

 View users details: Can view user details as a when needed.

4.3 system requirements

Hardware Requirement:
• i3 Processor-Based Computer
• 1GB-Ram
• Internet Connection

Software Requirement:
• Operating System: Windows 10 or higher
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 • Google Chrome

Language Requirements for Building the System

• Programing Language: python
Web- Technology: Django framework
• Front- End: HTML, CSS and Visual Studio 2019
• Back-End: SQL Server 2017
4.4 Functional and non-functional requirements

4.4.1:functional requirements
According to Sommerville(2007), functional requirements are statement of
services the system should provide, how the system should react to particular
input and how system should behave in a particular way.
 Log in and out: Users will need to log in with their usernames and
password in order to access the health and wellness advisory system.
Once they are done using the system they’ll need to log out in order to
prevent access from unauthorized users.

 Registration of new accounts: the system will be tasked with creating new
users account through registration

 Authentication :The H&WS shall validate the credentials of all users that is;
the admin, student and dietitian.

4.4.2:Non-functional requirements

4.5 Stakeholders
The stakeholders include the management group responsible for the system, the
users (end users) analyst who develop and support the system (Rosenblatt,
2011).
 Users: this are individuals who will directly access the system/ interact
with the system such as students, dietitian and administrator.

 Developers: Personnel responsible for designing and building and

maintaining the system.

 Health care professionals: The dietitians who will be responsible for

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 giving advices to the students and also design a meal plan for them.

 Educational institution: school of computing, university of Nairobi which

will implement the system to support the health and wellness needs for
their students and staff.

 Ministry of health: The proposed project aims at helping the ministry of

health in collecting valuable health data from users which they can use to
develop targeted interventions and policies to address health issues more
effectively. They can also empower individuals to make informed choices
about their health and lifestyles choices.

4.6 User case diagrams

User case diagrams are part of UML(unified modeling language) which is widely
used method of visualizing and documenting software system designs. A user
case diagram visually represents the interaction between users and the
information system. In a case diagram, the user becomes an actor with a
specific role that describes how he or she interacts with the system (Rosenblatt,
2011).

4.6.1: user case diagram for admin

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Figure 1:user case diagram admin

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4.6.2: user case diagram for student
Figure 2:user case diagram for student

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4.6.3:User case diagram for dietitian

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22
Figure 3: user case diagram for dietitian

4.8 Entity relationship diagram

The entity relationship diagram shows the relationships of entities and how each
relates within the health and wellness advisory system
An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a structural diagram used to represent the
database design. ERDs visualizes the relationships between entities like people,
things, or concepts in a database. It a crucial component in the System design,
particularly when it comes to Database design, as it helps both users and
database developers to preview the structure of the database before
implementing the database.
In the figure below, we have a Relational Schema, which is an Entity Relationship
diagram mapped to it’s respective tables, for the heath and wellness advisory
system, which defines the different entities and their relationships. This
conceptual design would help us develop our database for the system more
easily, since we can clearly conceptualize all the models or tables that we’ll need,
and how each table will be related to one another.

system.

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Figure 4. entity relationship diagram

CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 System implementation

Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or

any design, idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. As

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such, implementation is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking in
order for something to actually happen. It also involves building both the backend,
which involves the process if storing user information in the databases, and the
front end of the, which is how the system will appear to the users.

5.2 Technology used

Many technologies were used in the development of health and wellness

advisory system. These technologies varied based on the different aspects of the
system that was to be implemented for it to work effectively and efficiently.

These technologies will be discussed in terms of, hardware platform,

programming languages, programming tools and software platforms used.

5.2.1 Hardware platform

To develop the system, HP laptop was used. Its features include; intel Core i5,
4GB RAM, 500GB external storage and a 2.3GHz processor as well. Also, 1.8GB
of its storage was used for installation of the software needed for developing the
system.

5.2.2 Programming language

Some of the programming languages used in the development of this system are
HTML, python and CSS. The HTML and CSS programming language was used in
designing the front end, which is the user interface. Python (Django framework)
was used in the backend interface and the different program modules needed to
develop the system.

5.2.3 Programming tools

Visual studio code

This was our main Integrated Development Environment (IDE) where it was used
to code all the functionalities of the system. It enabled coding of all the
programming languages that were used in this system. Further, it helped us to
debug the program to discover errors and bugs during the execution of the
program and fix these errors and bugs.

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5.2.3 Programming tools

Visual studio code

This was our main Integrated Development Environment (IDE) where it was used
to code all the functionalities of the system. It enabled coding of all the
programming languages that were used in this system. Further, it helped us to
debug the program to discover errors and bugs during the execution of the
program and fix these errors and bugs.

5.2.4 Software Platform

The software platforms used are as follows:

SQLite3

SQLite3 database was used because it provides maximum scalability and high
capacity to store details of the system users and those of the administrator as
well.

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Word 2016 was used in the documentation of the system.

Operating System Windows 11

The system was run on windows 101and windows 10 to check for compatibility.

Local server

Local server was used.

Browsers

The browsers used to run the project include; Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer,
Brave and Google Chrome. Again, this also checks for compatibility.

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5.3 FEATURES OF THE PROTOTYPE

Some of the features of the prototype include:

Allow the user to register and log in to the health and wellness advisory system
Allow user to check their diet plan after determining the BMI.

The homepage for health and wellness system.

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Tasks performed by health and wellness advisory system

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The contacts

The log in dashboard

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Student registration dash board

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Student log in dashboard

BMI calculator

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The health records information

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Request for diet plan

How to update student profile

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The dietitian log in dashboard.

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Dashboard for the dietitian.

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Updating dietitian profile

CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

6.1. Response Rate
Response rate refers to the number of people who answered the questionnaire
divided by the number of study sample. (Holtom 2008).
In my case in the health and wellness advisory system study I administered 30
questionnaires and of which 27 people completed the study successfully. This
turn up rate gives a response rate of 90%.
Carried outface to face interview with the students, 20 agreed to be interview
successful and gave their own response without biasing.
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6.2. Demographics results
It the collection and analysis of broad characteristics of the population. Also it is
the study of a population based on factors such as age, gender, location of
residence , in order to learn more about the target population. Based on our
questionnaire and the interview, these are the results I was able to obtain from
the most important questions asked:
6.2.1. Age bracket of the respondents
The respondents found it paramount to establish the age bracket of the
respondents. This is a demographic feature that affects behaviors of perception
of an individual on issues in medical field. This is because the younger and
mature persons tend to understand the concepts and the more the active a
person they are opposed to old people.
The study covered four groups in terms of age. The groups were as follows:
GROUP1: 18-29, GROUP2: 30-45 and GROUP3: Over 45 The Pie chart below
shows the participation in terms of the age group.

The table below indicates the frequency distribution of the age group of the
respondent. Age bracket of respondent.

Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

18-29 yrs. 45 95.7% 95.7 96

30-45yrs. 2 4.3% 4.3 100
Above 46 yrs. 0 0 0 100

Table 6.2.1

Total 49% 100 100 100

6.2.2. Distribution by Gender

The study sought to establish the distribution by gender of the respondents in

37
selection of the sample. From the study 65.3% represented the male while 30.6%
female and 4.1% Gender neutral. The table below shows the distribution by
gender.

Gender Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative

Valid Percent
Male 32 65.3% 65.3 65.3
Female 15 30.6% 30.6 95.9
Gender 2 4.1% 4.1 100
neutral
Total 49 100% 100 100
Table 6.2.2

6.2.3. Education Level

The study went further and established the education of the respondents for the
sample size selected. The table below shows the frequency distribution table of
education level of the respondent.
Respondent level of education

Frequency Percentage Valid percent Cumulative

percent
Primary 0 0 0 0

Secondary 4 8.51% 8.5 8.5

Tertiary 43 91.49% 91.5 100

Total 47 100.0 100.0 100

Table 6.2.3

The Pie chart below shows the distribution of the respondent level of education

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6.2.4. Location of Residence
Understanding the location of residence of the respondents is essential for
assessing the geographic distribution and accessibility of the Health and
wellness advisory system. This demographic data helps identify regional
disparities in system usage and potential areas for improvement. The study
collected data on whether respondents resided in urban, suburban, or rural areas.

6.2.5. Challenges affecting the use of the System

This section identifies and analyzes the main challenges that respondents face
when using the health and wellness advisory system. Understanding these
challenges is crucial for improving the system and ensuring its effective adoption
and utilization. The challenges include a lack of reliable internet access, difficulty
in using the system (user-friendliness), concerns about data privacy and security,
and a lack of training or support.

Frequency Percentage
Lack of reliable internet access 30 64%

Difficulty in using the system 7 14%

(user-friendliness)
Concerns about data privacy and 5 11%
security
Lack of training or support 5 11%
Total 47 100%

6.2.6. Experience with Digital Health and wellness advisory system

This section explores respondents' previous experience with digital healthcare
services. The data collected reveals that 21% of respondents have had prior
experience using digital healthcare services, while 79% have not. This indicates
that a significant majority of the respondents are relatively new to digital
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healthcare systems. This lack of prior experience may influence their comfort
level and familiarity with the Centralized Out-Patient Information Tracking
System.

Frequency Percentage
YES 10 21%
NO 37 79%
TOTAL 47 100%

6.2.7. Importance of the System

This section examines respondents' perceptions of the importance of health and
wellness advisory system. The data shows that 76% of respondents consider the
system to be very important, reflecting strong support for its potential benefits.
Meanwhile, 16% of respondents are neutral, suggesting that while they do not
see immediate value, they may be open to its advantages with further
information or experience. A smaller group, 10%, views the system as not
important, indicating lack of perceived benefit. These insights are crucial for
understanding how the system is received and identifying areas for improvement
or additional communication to increase its perceived value.

Table 5.2.7 Importance of the System

Frequency Percentage
Very important 35 74%
Neutral 7 16%
Not important 5 10%
Total 47 100%

6.2.8. Use of the system

This data indicates that a majority of respondents (76%) are likely to us e the
health and wellness advisory system if implemented. 14% are neutral,
suggesting they are unsure or would need more information to decide. 10% are
unlikely to use the system, indicating potential barriers or concerns that would
need to be addressed to increase adoption. Understanding these responses is
crucial for planning the implementation and addressing user concerns to ensure
successful adoption and utilization of the system.

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 Frequency Percentage
Likely 38 76%
Neutral 7 14%
Unlikely 5 10%
Total 47 100%

CHAPTER 7
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Discussion

From the study, it was observed that the majority of respondents were male by a
relatively large margin, as they made up 65.3% of the pool. This could imply that
males were more ready to answer questions about the Health and Wellness
Advisory System than males. The study also observed that the majority of the
age group was between 18-29years. This may imply that youth were more willing
to have an open discussion about the Health and Wellness Advisory System and
had knowledge about it.

From the data collected, it was noted that the majority of respondents
considered that to access the system, there must be consistent follow-up, which
was chosen by 53.3% of the respondents. Another challenge that was aired was
the lack of enough content, mentioned by 33.3% of the respondents. Additionally,
the need to have internet access to use the system was noted by 60% of the
respondents. This implies that respondents may not be accessing the Health and
Wellness Advisory System due to a lack of internet connectivity. Furthermore, the
failure to access the internet may lead to users not knowing if the Health and
Wellness Advisory System exists.

From the findings of the study, it was observed that most of the respondents
found the following factors to be the most beneficial of using an online health
advisory system: accessibility 24/7, relevance, consistency, well-documented
41
information, and reducing the workload of seeking health advice manually. Most
factors received a positive response from 100% of the respondents. This implies
that these factors would encourage more clients and health service seekers to
use the system.

7.2 Conclusion

The Health and Wellness Advisory System has successfully attracted a diverse
user base, primarily comprising working-age individuals with varying levels of
education. This indicates a widespread appeal and utility across different
segments of the population.

Secondly, while the system boasts a commendable response rate and favorable
user feedback, it also faces notable challenges. Technical issues, interface
complexities, and privacy concerns represent areas for improvement that require
swift attention to maintain user satisfaction and loyalty.

Despite these challenges, the Health and Wellness Advisory System offers a
myriad of benefits to its users. These include unparalleled convenience,
personalized health advice, quality assurance, and cost efficiency. Such
advantages underscore the transformative impact of digital solutions in
enhancing health management and improving overall quality of life.

In conclusion, the Health and Wellness Advisory System stands as a testament

to the potential of technology in revolutionizing traditional health services. By
addressing user feedback, overcoming technical hurdles, and leveraging its
inherent strengths, the system is poised for continued growth and success in the
dynamic landscape of health and wellness management.

As the digital ecosystem evolves, the Health and Wellness Advisory System must
remain agile, innovative, and customer-centric to sustain its competitive edge
and fulfill the evolving needs of its users. Through ongoing research, refinement,
and adaptation, the system can solidify its position as a market leader and
pioneer in modernizing health advisory services for urban and rural dwellers alike.

7.3 Recommendations

From the findings, it is clear that this system will be well received by most people.
Since the system will be helping so many people, some improvements will be
made:
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Simplify and modernize the UI to make it more intuitive, especially for users who
are not tech-savvy. Consider user-friendly icons, straightforward navigation, and a
clean layout.
Onboarding Process: Create an easy-to-follow onboarding process for new users
that includes guided tutorials and tips to help them understand the app’s
features quickly.
Implement in-app customer support features such as live chat, a comprehensive
FAQ section, and video tutorials to assist users with common issues and
questions.
Introduce a feedback mechanism where users can easily submit their
suggestions and report issues. Regularly review and act on this feedback to
improve the service.
Conduct regular maintenance and updates to ensure the system remains stable
and reliable. Implement automated monitoring to quickly detect and resolve
issues
Partner with local healthcare providers to expand service offerings and improve
operational efficiency. This can also include collaborations with wellness product
brands for promotions.
Collaborate with tech firms to integrate advanced features like AI-driven
recommendations, IoT connectivity for health monitoring devices, and block-
chain for secure transactions.

Continuously research and develop new features that can enhance user
experience, such as automated scheduling, real-time service tracking, and
integration with smart home health systems.
Stay updated with the latest technological advancements to keep the system
competitive. This includes exploring emerging technologies like artificial
intelligence and machine learning for predictive maintenance and personalized
recommendations.

Implementing these recommendations will help enhance the Health and

Wellness Advisory System’s performance, user satisfaction, and market
presence. Continuous improvement and responsiveness to user feedback and
market trends will be crucial for long-term success and growth.

7.4 Future Work

The system still needs more features to be implemented to cater not only to
users in urban areas but also in rural areas and outside the country.
43
 REFFERENCES
M., A., Pekarek, L., Castellanos, A. J., Coca, S., Guijarro, L. G., Asúnsolo, A., Lahera,
G., Bujan, J., Monserrat, J., A., M., & Ortega, M. A. (2021). Nutritional Components
in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune
System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients, 13(2) [7]
Howsig, K., & Nickols-Richardson, S. (2005). Associations Between Dietary
Patternsand Weight Change in College Freshmen. Journal of American Dietetic
Association, 105(8), 31-31.
Dingman D, Schulz M, Wyrick D, et al. Factors related to the number of fast food
meals obtained by col`lege meal plan students. J Am Coll Health. 2014.
Carlos B, Iglesias M, Martin-Zurro A, Martin-Rabadan M. Family practice ,
evaluation of preventive health promotion activities, 2019.

APPENDIX
RESEARCH QUESTION
1. How frequently do you seek advice or guidance on health and
wellness matter?

2. What platform or channels do you currently use to access health

and wellness information?

3. How satisfied are you with quality and reliability of health advice
you receive?

4. Would you prefer personalized recommendation based on your

health profile or general advice applicable to all audience?

5. What concerns do you have when it comes to following health and

wellness advice?

6. How likely would you be to trust and utilize health and wellness
advisory system regulary?

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BUDGET

SERIAL NO; ITEM QUANTITY PRICE PER JUSTFICATION

ITEM
1 RESEARCH SH.4000 For system
requirement
collection
2 SOFTWARE KASPERSKY SH.1000 For developing
RESOURCES OPERATING SH.1500 of system
SYSTEM
3 HARDWAE HARDWARE SH.5000 for developing
RESOURCES LAPTOP SH.40000 and running of
FLASHDISK SH.2000 system
4 INTERNET SH.3000 For research
BUNDLES purposes
5 OTHER SH.4000 other expenses
EXENSES encountered
during research
TOTAL SH.6000
Gantt chart

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR ARIL MAY

PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT
BACKGROUND
STUDY
LITERATURE
REVIEW
METHODOLOGY

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SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
CODING

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49
50
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