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mechanical design # british

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M12 * 1 .
75 * So :

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= .
Is mm
metric do = 12 mm

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hands J . 3 in

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 hanginal
dFasteners) I -

b
head
~ master
st
stee -
ti

-I
I -
~members
-

L =
-

through bolt
Grip Length

th
nu 6
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stud bolt
It
-

⑬ d ⑤ Si

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418 Mechanical Engineering Design

Table 8–7

Suggested Procedure for Finding Fastener Stiffness

d t
h
t1 t2 h t t
lt =
=

ld H

"
t
~ Threaded
~ men
be

d
d

t -2 lt
LT
---

l
l LT
L ld

(a)
d =-
L
(b)
P = -

- Given fastener diameter d and pitch p in mm or number of threads per inch

- -

->Washer thickness: t from Table A–32 or A–33 Lin

-

Nut thickness [Fig. (a) only]: H from Table A–31 1 =

-
- -

-
L tixtr+t
Grip length:
&
-

For Fig. (a): l 5 thickness of all material squeezed between face

of bolt and face of&nut
>

-
-

e
h 1 t2 y2,
-

②
t2 , d
For Fig. (b): l5 e -

h 1 dy2, t2 $ d
-

Fastener length (round up using Table A–17*): &

For Fig. (a): L.l1H
For Fig. (b): L . h 1 1.5d
--
Threaded length LT: Inch series:

Jin
-

2d 1 14 in, L # 6 in
LT 5 e
2d 1 12 in, L . 6 in
Metric series:

J
2d 1 6 mm, L # 125 mm, d # 48 mm
L T 5 • 2d 1 12 mm, 125 , L # 200 mm ..

2d 1 25 mm, L . 200 mm
Length of unthreaded portion in grip: & ld 5 L 2 LT
Length of threaded portion in grip: & lt 5 l 2 ld
E 207 G
Area of unthreaded portion: Ad 5 pd 2y4
:

Area of threaded portion: = O &

At from Table 8–1 or 8–2
E- 8 8 -

EMPSi
-
A d At E
Fastener stiffness:
- kb 5
Ad lt 1 At ld

*Bolts and cap screws may not be available in all the preferred lengths listed in Table A–17. Large fasteners may not be available in fractional
inches or in millimeter lengths ending in a nonzero digit. Check with your bolt supplier for availability.
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e
-

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=
14 mm

P = 2 mr

& =
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u

A 3 H
-
=
12 8 .

1 =
ti +
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3umm

27 2 +
H

2 - 30 + 128 ⑰
-42 I .

Eas L

L =
2d +
6 =

2x14 + 6 =

34mm

(d =

L - LT =

45 - 3 =
In

Lt = (-(d =
30 - 11 =
19mm

Ad= Is
#(a) = man

At ze At =

115 -
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x

b
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-

Ad +
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1062 Mechanical Engineering Design

Table A–30 Type of Screw

Minimum
Dimensions of Nominal Fillet Cap Heavy Height
Size, in Radius W W H
Hexagonal Cap Screws
1 7 5
and Heavy Hexagonal 4 0.015 16 32

Screws (W 5 Width 5
16 0.015 1
2
13
64
across Flats; H 5 Height 3
8 0.015 9
16
15
64
of Head; See Figure in 7
0.015 5 9
16 8 32
Table A–29) 1 3 7 5
2 0.015 4 8 16
5 15
8 0.020 16 1161 25
64
3
4 0.020 118 114 15
32
7
8 0.040 1165 1167 35
64

1 0.060 112 118 39

64

114 0.060 178 2 25

32

138 0.060 2161 2163 27

32

112 0.060 214 238 15

16

Nominal
Size, mm

M5 0.2 8 3.65
M6 0.3 10 4.15
M8 0.4 13 5.50
M10 0.4 16 6.63
M12 0.6 18 21 7.76
M14 0.6 21 24 9.09
M16 0.6 24 27 10.32
M20 0.8 30 34 12.88
M24 0.8 36 41 15.44
M30 1.0 46 50 19.48
M36 1.0 55 60 23.38
 Useful Tables 1063

G
Table A–31 Height H
Dimensions of Nominal Width Regular Thick or
Size, in W Hexagonal Slotted JAM
Hexagonal Nuts
1 7 7 9 5
4 16 32 32 32
5 1 17 21 3
16 2 64 64 16
3 9 21 13 7
8 16 64 32 32
7 11 3 29 1
16 16 8 64 4
1 3 7 9 5
2 4 16 16 16
9 7 31 39 5
16 8 64 64 16
5 15 35 23 3
8 16 64 32 8
3
4 118 41
64
13
16
27
64
7
8 1165 3
4
29
32
31
64

1 112 55
64 1 35
64

118 111
16
31
32 1325 39
64

114 178 1161 114 23

32

138 2161 111

64 138 25
32

112 214 1329 112 27

32

Nominal
Size, mm

M5 8 4.7 5.1 2.7

M6 10 5.2 5.7 3.2
M8 13 6.8 7.5 4.0
M10 16 8.4 9.3 5.0
M12 18 10.8 12.0 6.0
M14 21 12.8 14.1 7.0
M16 24 14.8 16.4 8.0
M20 30 18.0 20.3 10.0
M24 36 21.5 23.9 12.0
M30 46 25.6 28.6 15.0
M36 55 31.0 34.7 18.0
&
&"
Table A–32 Diameter
Fastener Washer
Basic Dimensions of Size Size ID OD Thickness
American Standard #6 0.138 0.156 0.375 0.049
Plain Washers (All
A
Dimensions in Inches)
#8
#10
#12
0.164
0.190
0.216
0.188
0.219
0.250
0.438
0.500
0.562
0.049
0.049
0.065
1
4 N 0.250 0.281 0.625 0.065
1
4 W 0.250 0.312 0.734 0.065
5
16 N 0.312 0.344 0.688 0.065
5
16 W 0.312 0.375 0.875 0.083
3
8 N 0.375 0.406 0.812 0.065
3
8 W 0.375 0.438 1.000 0.083
7
16 N 0.438 0.469 0.922 0.065
7
16 W 0.438 0.500 1.250 0.083
1
2 N 0.500 0.531 1.062 0.095
1
2 W 0.500 0.562 1.375 0.109
9
16 N 0.562 0.594 1.156 0.095
9
16 W 0.562 0.625 1.469 0.109
5
8 N 0.625 0.656 1.312 0.095
5
8 W 0.625 0.688 1.750 0.134
3
4 N 0.750 0.812 1.469 0.134
3
4 W 0.750 0.812 2.000 0.148
7
8 N 0.875 0.938 1.750 0.134
7
8 W 0.875 0.938 2.250 0.165
1N 1.000 1.062 2.000 0.134
1W 1.000 1.062 2.500 0.165
118 N 1.125 1.250 2.250 0.134
118 W 1.125 1.250 2.750 0.165
114 N 1.250 1.375 2.500 0.165
114 W 1.250 1.375 3.000 0.165
138 N 1.375 1.500 2.750 0.165
138 W 1.375 1.500 3.250 0.180
112 N 1.500 1.625 3.000 0.165
112 W 1.500 1.625 3.500 0.180
158 1.625 1.750 3.750 0.180
134 1.750 1.875 4.000 0.180
178 1.875 2.000 4.250 0.180
2 2.000 2.125 4.500 0.180
214 2.250 2.375 4.750 0.220
212 2.500 2.625 5.000 0.238
234 2.750 2.875 5.250 0.259
3 3.000 3.125 5.500 0.284
N 5 narrow; W 5 wide; use W when not specified.
1064
&
Useful Tables 1065
mm

Table A–33

Dimensions of Metric Plain Washers (All Dimensions in Millimeters)

& Washer
Size*

1.6 N
Minimum
ID

1.95
Maximum
OD

4.00
-
Maximum
Thickness

0.70
Washer
Size*

10 N
Minimum
ID

10.85
Maximum
OD

20.00
& Maximum
Thickness

2.30
1.6 R 1.95 5.00 0.70 10 R 10.85 28.00 2.80

↓
1.6 W 1.95 6.00 0.90 10 W 10.85 39.00 3.50
2N 2.50 5.00 0.90 12 N 13.30 25.40 2.80
2R 2.50 6.00 0.90 12 R 13.30 34.00 3.50
2W 2.50 8.00 0.90 12 W 13.30 44.00 3.50
2.5 N 3.00 6.00 0.90 14 N 15.25 28.00 2.80
2.5 R 3.00 8.00 0.90 14 R 15.25 39.00 3.50
2.5 W 3.00 10.00 1.20 14 W 15.25 50.00 4.00
3N 3.50 7.00 0.90 16 N 17.25 32.00 3.50
3R 3.50 10.00 1.20 16 R 17.25 44.00 4.00
3W 3.50 12.00 1.40 16 W 17.25 56.00 4.60
3.5 N 4.00 9.00 1.20 20 N 21.80 39.00 4.00
3.5 R 4.00 10.00 1.40 20 R 21.80 50.00 4.60
3.5 W 4.00 15.00 1.75 20 W 21.80 66.00 5.10
4N 4.70 10.00 1.20 24 N 25.60 44.00 4.60
4R 4.70 12.00 1.40 24 R 25.60 56.00 5.10
4W 4.70 16.00 2.30 24 W 25.60 72.00 5.60
5N 5.50 11.00 1.40 30 N 32.40 56.00 5.10
5R 5.50 15.00 1.75 30 R 32.40 72.00 5.60
5W 5.50 20.00 2.30 30 W 32.40 90.00 6.40
6N 6.65 13.00 1.75 36 N 38.30 66.00 5.60
6R 6.65 18.80 1.75 36 R 38.30 90.00 6.40
6W 6.65 25.40 2.30 36 W 38.30 110.00 8.50
8N 8.90 18.80 2.30
8R 8.90 25.40 2.30
8W 8.90 32.00 2.80

N 5 narrow; R 5 regular; W 5 wide.

*Same as screw or bolt size.