Disaster Cycle
Disaster Cycle
Disaster Cycle
Session Objective
• Disaster
• Disaster Management
Disaster
A disaster happens when a hazard impacts on the vulnerable population and causes damage,
casualties and disruption.
Vulnerability
• Underlying Causes
Example: Limited access to resources, Illness and disabilities, age/sex, poverty, others
• Dynamic Pressure
• Unsafe Conditions
Hazard
• Trigger Events
Example: Earthquake Tsunamis Floods Cyclones Volcanic eruptions Drought Landslide War
Technological accident Pandemic Environmental pollution
Disaster Classification
• Internal - Structural collapse/ Function collapse (financial loss and/or operational impairment)
Disaster Management
“The range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to
provide a framework for helping at risk persons avoid or recover from the impact of a disaster”
According to Kelly (1996)
Goals of Disaster Management:
• Preparedness
• Response
• Recovery
• Before a disaster : to reduce the potential for human, material, or environmental losses caused by
hazards and to ensure that these losses are minimized when disaster strikes
• During a disaster: to ensure that the needs and provisions of victims are met to alleviate and
minimize suffering
• Arrangements encompassing all high risk hazards/ vulnerabilities, both natural and man made
• Structural Collapse
• Functional Collapse
• The Disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing process for and reduce the impact of
disasters, react during and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster
has occurred.
• Appropriate actions at all points in the cycle lead to greater preparedness, better warnings,
reduced vulnerability or the prevention of disasters during the next iteration of the cycle.
• The complete disaster management cycle includes the shaping of policies and plans that either
modify the causes of disasters or mitigate their effects on people, property, and infrastructure.
• These do not always, or even generally, occur in isolation or in this precise order.
• Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of each phase greatly depends on the severity of
the disaster.
Mitigation
• Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster. includes any activities that prevents an emergency,
reduces the chance of an emergency happening or lessens the damaging effects of unavoidable
emergences.
• Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education/ awareness.
Preparedness
• Preparedness Planning how to respond. It includes a variety of measures aimed at insuring the
community is prepared to reacts to any hazard that threatens the country.
– Planning
Humanitarian Action
• During a disaster, humanitarian agencies are often called upon to deal with immediate response
and recovery.
• If the necessary preparations have not been made, the humanitarian agencies will not be able to
meet the immediate needs of the people.
Response
• It includes action taken immediately before, during and just after a disaster or major emergency.
The goal of the responder is to save lives, minimize property damage and enhance the beginning of
recovery from the incident.
Disaster is the ultimate test of administrative efficiency , in the sense of positive impact on the
environment, preparedness, procedural simplicity, logistics, speed and expertise.
There are inherent important lessons to be learnt with regard to administrative reforms by way of
policy interventions to ensure:
• Sense of self help and ‘communitarianism’ (connection between the individual and the
community.)
Recovery
• It is the activity that returns infrastructural systems to minimum operating standards and guides
long term efforts designed to return life to normal or improved levels after a disaster. This is a very
daunting phases of Emergency Management because it requires personal and community
motivation.
• Recovery is also sometimes used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping
phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction
• The recovery phase involves implementation of actions to promote sustainable redevelopment
(reconstruction, rehabilitation) following a disaster.
• It covers long term measures like, rebuilding of houses, assets, infrastructure, school building,
hospital buildings, and other public buildings. It is a process undertaken by a disaster affected
community to fully restore itself to pre disaster level
• Education
• Vulnerability Analysis
• Activation
• Communication
• Evacuation
This is the first ever National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) prepared in the country and was
released on June 1 st , 2016
• The NDMP has been aligned broadly with the goals and priorities set out in the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction.
• The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) provides a framework and direction to the
government agencies for all phases of disaster management cycle.
• The NDMP is a dynamic document in the sense that it will be periodically improved keeping up
with the emerging global best practices and knowledge bases in disaster management.
• The approach used in this national plan incorporates the four priorities enunciated in the Sendai
Framework into the planning framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) under the five Thematic
Areas for Actions:
– Understanding Risk
– Capacity Development
• The Response part of the Plan has identified eighteen broad activities which have been arranged
into a matrix to be served as a ready reckoned:
– Medical Care
– Communication
– Power
– Fuel
– Transportation
– Rehabilitation and Ensuring Safety of Livestock and other Animals, Veterinary Care
– Relief Employment
– Media Relations
• In situation where the resources of the state are inadequate to cope it can get assistance from the
central government
• NDMP provides a framework covering all aspects of the disaster management cycle.
• It covers:
– Mitigation
– Preparedness
– Response
– Recovery and
– Better reconstruction
Highlights of NDMP
• Its an integrated approach that ensures the involvement of government and other numerous
relevant organisation
• Prevention of disasters