Specialized Chemical Tanker

Model Course 1.
04
Specialized Training
for
Chemical Tankers
First published in 1991 by the
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR
Revised edition 1999
Printed in the United Kingdom by CPC The Printers, Portsmouth
2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3
ISBN 92-801-6108-3
IMO PUBLICATION
Sales number: TA 104E
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IMO wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Norwegian Maritime Directorate
for its valuable assistance and co-operation.
Grateful acknowledgement is made for the use of material and diagrams from:
Chemical/Parcel Tankers
Fairplay Publications Ltd., London, U.K.
'Submerged Cargo Pumps'

Frank Mohn AlS, Nesttun, Norway
ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals)

International Chamber of Shipping, London, UK
'Prism Alpha Nitrogen Systems'

Permea Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
'Why a High Speed Relief Valve?'

PRES-VAC Engineering AG, Stansstad, Switzerland
Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water

U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
'Explosion-proof Valve-systems, Flame Arresters and Equipment for Safety and Environmental Protection'
Braunschweiger Flammenfilter Armaturen- und Apparatebau GMBH, Braunschweig, Germany
Copyright © IMO 1999
All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International
Maritime Organization.
CONTENTS
Foreword v
Introduction 1
Part A: Course Framework 6

Aims
Objective
Entry standards
Course certificate
Course intake limitations
Staff requirements
Teaching facilities and equipment
Use of simulators
Teaching aids
Bibliography
IMO References
Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 11

Course outline - minimum requirement for the training of masters and officers on
chemical tankers
Course timetable
Part C: DetailedTeaching Syllabus 14

Specialized Training for Chemical Tankers -Introduction
Aims
Competence
Training outcome
1 Introduction
2 Chemistry and physics
3 Hazards
4 Rules and regulations
5 Ship design and cargo containment
6 Cargo-handling systems
7 Safety and pollution prevention
8 Cargo handling and ballast operations
9 Tank-cleaning operations
10 Ship/shore interface
11 Emergency operations
Part D: InstructorManual 67
Introduction
Guidance notes
1 Introduction
2 Chemistry and physics
3 Hazards
4 Rules and regulations
5 Ship design and cargo containment
6 Cargo-handling systems
7 Safety and pollution prevention
8 Cargo handling and ballast operations
9 Tank-cleaning operations
10 Ship/shore interface
11 Emergency operations
Example of Lesson Plan
Appendix to Instructor Manual 91

Appendix 1: Figures for use by the trainer
Appendix 2: Guide to compatibility of chemicals
Appendix 3: Form of Cargo Record Book
Appendix 4: Laboratory tests
Appendix 5: Example of a simulator exercise
Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses 237

Foreword
Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of
human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest
priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities
through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional
levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training
for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime training
institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983.
Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training,

Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Governments
had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation
of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding
new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also
subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries
that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing
courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and
implementing the associated Conference and IMO Assembly resolutions.
In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various
fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies
and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime
administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain
specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in
response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway.
These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is prepared
to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is
available.
W. A. O'NEIL
Secretary-General
Introduction
• Purpose of the model courses
The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their
teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating
or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training
courses may thereby be improved.
It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid
"teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly". Nor is it the intention to
substitute audio-visual or "programmed" material for the instructor's presence. As in all training
endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructors are the key components
in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course
material.
Because education systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary
considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify
the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable
terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary
to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations.
This is the first major revision to this Model Course. In order to keep the training programme
up to date in future, it is essential that users provide feedback. New information will provide
better training in safety at sea and protection of the marine environment. Information,
comments and suggestions should be sent to the Head of the STCW and Human Element
Section at IMO, London .
• Use of the model course
To use the model course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus,
taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course
framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and the prior technical education of the
trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus
which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and
that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such
differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on,
items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify
any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired.
By analyzing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in
the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or,
alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical
training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course.
Adjustment of the course objective, scope and content may also be necessary if in your
maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from
the course objectives specified in the model course.
SPECIALIZED TRAINING FOR CHEMICAL TANKERS
Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which
should be allotted to each area of learning. However, it must be appreciated that these
allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of
the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to re-
allocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective or training outcome.
• Lesson plans
Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course
objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The
detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed
to be used in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning
objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus
with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of
the material.
• Presentation
The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the
instructor is satisfied, by testing and evaluating the trainee's performance and achievements,
that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective or training objective. The syllabus
is laid out in learning objective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be
able to do as the learning or training outcome. Taken as a whole, these objectives aim to meet
the knowledge, understanding and proficiency specified in the appropriate tables of the STCW
Code.
• Implementation
For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the
availability and use of:
Properly qualified instructors,

Support staff,
Rooms and other spaces,
Equipment,
Textbooks, technical papers, and
Other reference material.
Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has
produced "Guidance on the implementation of model courses", which deals with this aspect
in greater detail and is included as an attachment to this course.
In certain cases, the requirements for some or all of the training in a subject are covered by
another IMO model course. In these cases, the specific part of the STCW Code which applies
is given and the user is referred to the other model course.
INTRODUCTION
• Guidance for course developers and instructors
This specialised chemical tanker training course comprises two main parts. These are
chemical tanker safety and cargo operations.
The first, chemical tanker safety, covers the hazards involved in cargo operations and the
systems, equipment and constructional features of chemical tankers that exist to control the
hazards.
Cargo operations covers preparations, loading and ballasting including the use of the inert gas
system, where appropriate.
These two aspects are necessarily interlinked. One approach to achieving the standard of
competence is through properly supervised on board training. Where this is the case, and
suitable records kept, then the extent of the training delivered in the specialised chemical
tanker course may reflect this.
Instructors should emphasise in their teaching the hazards involved in the operations on board
chemical tankers. They should explain, in as much detail as is necessary to ensure these
operations are undertaken safely, the systems, equipment and constructional features that
exist to control those hazards.
The lessons delivered during the course should be tailored to the needs of the trainees.
Officers with extensive experience on board chemical tankers, those that have received guided
instruction on board will need less classroom teaching than those with simply the minimum sea
experience on chemical tankers generally.
Instructors should keep in mind that some of the topics in this model course are also
introduced in model course for the officer in charge of a watch in the function Controlling the
Operation of the Ship and Care for the Persons on Board. These topics may therefore be
treated as a revision of earlier learning.
Physical properties of chemicals carried in bulk, chemical symbols and reactions are covered
in the Tanker Familiarisation model course and can also be found in the basic physics of the
officer in charge of a watch model course (for both navigation and marine engineering
functions), therefore the chemistry and basic physics in section 2 of this model course is a
revision and extension of that training. Similarly, entrants should have completed an approved
shore-based fire-fighting course (STCW Regulation V/1, para 1) and hence the fire-fighting
principles in section 7 are a very brief revision of this topic.
Regulatory matters (Section 4) and Ship design (Section 5) are also covered in the knowledge
of the officer in charge of a watch in the function Controlling the Operation of the Ship and
Care for the Persons on Board. Elements of topics may similarly be treated as a revision of
earlier learning.
• Training and the STCW 1995 Convention
The standards of competence that have to be met by seafarers are defined in Part A of the
STCW Code in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers
Convention, as amended in 1995. This IMO model course has been revised and updated to
cover the competences in STCW 1995. It sets out the education and training to achieve those
standards.
Special training requirements for masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second
engineer officers and any person with immediate responsibility for loading, discharging and
care in transit or handling of cargo on chemical tankers, are detailed in Section A-V/1 of the
STCW Code. This model course aims to provide a specialized training programme referred
to in paragraph 2.2 of regulation V/1, appropriate to those duties.
For ease of reference, the course is divided into separate sections.
Part A provides the framework for the course with its aims and objectives and notes on the
suggested teaching facilities and equipment. A list of useful teaching aids, IMO references
and textbooks is also included.
Part B provides an outline of lectures, demonstrations and exercises for the course, together
with a suggested sequence and timetable. From the teaching and learning point of view, it is
more important that the trainee achieves the minimum standard of competence defined in the
STCW Code than a strict timetable for each topic is followed. Depending on their experience
and ability, some students will naturally take longer to become proficient in some topics than
in others.
Part C gives the Detailed Teaching Syllabus. This is based on the theoretical and practical
knowledge specified in the STCW Code. It is presented in a logical sequence starting with
basic knowledge and information on chemicals and their hazards; safety; ship design and
cargo containment; pollution prevention; cargo operations and concluding with emergency
operations. Each subject area is covered by a series of required performances, in other words
what the trainee is expected to be able to do as a result of the teaching and training. In this
way the overall required performance of knowledge, understanding and proficiency is met.
IMO references, textbook references and suggested teaching aids are included to assist the
teacher in designing lessons.
Part D contains an Instructor Manual with additional explanations, an example lesson plan and
simulator exercise for instructors that may have access to a liquid cargo handling simulator.
The Convention defines the minimum standards to be maintained in Part A of the STCW
Code. Mandatory provisions concerning Training and Assessment are given in Section A-1/6
of the STCW Code. These provisions cover: qualification of instructors; supervisors as
assessors; in-service training; assessment of competence; and training and assessment within
an institution. A corresponding Part B of the STCW Code contains non-mandatory guidance
on training and assessment.
INTRODUCTION
A separate IMO Model Course addresses Examination and Assessment of Competence. This
course explains the use of various methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for
evaluating competence as tabulated in the STCW Code and may be helpful in developing any
necessary assessments
• Responsibilities of Administrations
Administrations should ensure that training courses delivered by colleges and academies are
such as to ensure officers completing training do meet the standards of competence required
by STCW Regulation V/1 paragraph 2.2.
• Validation
The information contained in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on
Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisers, consultants and
experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards
implemented may be as uniform as possible. Validation in the context of this document means
that no grounds have been found to object to its content. The Sub-Committee has not granted
its approval to the document, as it considers that this work must not be regarded as an official
interpretation of the Convention.
In reaching a decision in this regard, the Sub-Committee was guided by the advice of a
Validation Group comprised of representatives designated by ILO and IMO.
5
Part A: Course Framework

Aims
This course provides training for masters, chief engineers, officers and any person with
immediate responsibility for the loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo.
It comprises a specialized training programme appropriate to their duties, including chemical
tanker safety, pollution prevention, operational practice and obligations under applicable laws
and regulations. The course takes full account of Section A-V/1 of the STCW Code adopted
by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers 1978, as amended in 1995.
Any of this training may be given on board or ashore. It should be supplemented by practical
instruction on board and, where appropriate, in a suitable shore-based installation.
Objective
Provided they hold an appropriate certificate and are otherwise qualified in accordance with
regulation V/1-2.2 of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978, as amended 1995, those successfully completing the
course should be able to take immediate responsibility for loading, discharging and care in
transit or handling of cargo on chemical tankers.
Entry standards
This course is open to seafarers who have completed a shore-based fire-fighting training
course 1 approved by the Administration, and who have relevant experience appropriate to their
duties on chemical tankers, as stipulated in STCW regulation V/1, paragraph 2.1, and sub-
paragraphs 1.1 or 1.2. See chart on page 9.
Course certificate
The specialized chemical tanker training programme must be approved by the Administration.
Masters and officers who are qualified in accordance with regulation V/1 paragraphs 1 or 2 as
appropriate, that is they have experience appropriate to their duties on chemical tankers, and
complete this training programme, shall be issued with an appropriate certificate.
An existing certificate may be suitably endorsed by the issuing Administration.
Course intake limitations

The number of trainees should not exceed 20, and practical training should be undertaken in
small groups of not more than four.
Staff requirements
The instructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and training methods
(STCW Code A-liB, para 7). It is recommended that all training and instruction is given by
qualified personnel experienced in the handling and characteristics of chemical cargoes and
the safety procedures involved.
1 Refer to Section A-VI/3 STCW Code
6
Staff may be recruited among deck and engineer officers of chemical tankers, fleet
superintendents and personnel in freight departments, cargo survey bureaux or laboratories,
as appropriate.
Training facilities and equipment

Ordinary classroom facilities and an overhead projector are sufficient for most of the course.
However, dedicated CBT modules to be run on an ordinary PC as well as exercises on an
operational, hands-on liquid cargo handling simulator, will greatly enhance the quality and
result of the course. In such cases sufficient PCs for use by one or two trainees will be
required. In addition, a video cassette player will be required if using videos in the teaching
program.
The following equipment should be available:

A complete set of personal safety equipment
A set of suitable protective equipment
A stretcher
An oxygen resuscitator
Filter-type respiratory protection for emergency escape
Self-contained breathing apparatus for emergency escape
Gas indicator tubes
Breathing apparatus
Portable oxygen meter
Portable combustible-gas detector
Portable interferometer
Portable toxic-gas detector
Tank evacuation equipment
A laboratory equipped for simple demonstrations and exercises
Use of Simulators
The revised STCW Convention sets standards regarding the performance and use of
simulators for mandatory training, assessment or demonstration of competence.
The general performance standards for simulators used in training and for simulators used in
assessment of competence are given in Section A-I/12. Section B-I/12 provides guidance on
the use of simulators in these activities.
Simulator-based training and assessment is not a mandatory requirement for this chemical
tanker training program. However, it is widely recognized that well-designed lessons and
exercises can improve the effectiveness of training and shorten training times compared to
traditional methods.
If using simulator-based training, instructors should ensure that the aims and objectives of
these sessions are defined within the overall training program and that tasks are selected so
as to relate as closely as possible to shipboard tasks and practices. Instructors should refer
to reference R2, Section A-I/12, Part 2.
PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK
Teaching aids (A)

A1 Instructor Manual (Part D of the course)
A2 Appendix I - Overhead projector transparencies
A3 Appendices 2 to 5
A4 Videos:
Chemical Tanker Operations Part 1: Cargoes, ships and legislation (Code No. 329.1)
Chemical Tanker Operations Part 2: Prevention of pollution (Catalogue Code No. 329.2)
Permit to Work (Catalogue Code No. 621)
The International Safety Management Code (Catalogue Code No. 524)
Available from: Videotel Marine International Limited

84 Newman Street
London W1 P 3LD, UK
Tel: +44 171 2991800
Fax: +44 171 299 1818
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.videotel.co.uk
A5 CBT module: Inert gas generator

A6 CBT module: Flue gas generator
Available from: Seagull AS

Gamleveien 36, PO Box 1062
N-3194 Horten, Norway
Tel: +47 33 047930
Fax: +4733046279
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.sgull.com
Bibliography (B)
B1 ICS, Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals), (London, Witherby Marine Publishing, 1974)
(ISBN 0-948691-50-6) OUT OF DATE - new edition in preparation and planned for
publication 1999
B2 ICS/OCIMF/IAPH, Intemational Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals. 4th ed.
(London, Witherby Marine Publishing, 1996) (ISBN 0-948691062-X)
83 M. Grey (ed.), ChemicaVParcel Tankers. 3rd ed. (London, Fairplay Publications Ltd,
1984) (ISBN 0-905045-67 -X) [Out of print 1999]
B4 B. Bengtsson, Sea Transport of Liquid Chemicals in Bulk. 3rd ed. (Ockero, Sweden, B.
Bengtsson and AB Inmar, 1982) (ISBN 91-970090-0-8)
B5 ICS/OCIMF/IAPH/INTERT ANKO/CEFIC/SIGTTO, Ship/Shore Safety Check List
Guidelines. 1st ed. (London, Witherby Marine Publishing, 1982) (ISBN 0-854930-28-0)
B6 ICS/OCIMF, Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Petroleum). 3rd ed. (London, Witherby & Co
Ltd., 1997) (ISBN 0-948691-49-2)
B7 U.S. Coast Guard, Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water. (Washington, D.C.,
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991)
B8 N.!. Sax and R.J. Lewis, Sr., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. (New
York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1987) (ISBN 0-442-28097-1)
B9 Tank Cleaning Guide. 4th ed. (Rotterdam, B.V. Chemical Laboratory "Dr. A. Verwey",
1988).
B10 Bureau VERIT AS. Gas and Chemical Ships Safety Handbook. 1st ed. (London, Lloyd's
of London Press Ltd., 1986) (ISBN 1-85044-089-1)
B11 Driiger- Tube Handbook. 11th ed. (Drager Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, Revalstrasse 1,
D-23560 Lubeck, Germany 1998) (ISBN 3-926762-06-3)
B12 ICS, Safety in Chemical Tankers (International Chamber of Shipping, London, 1977)
B13 U.S. Coast Guard, CHRIS Manual2, Hazardous Chemical Data. (Washington D.C., U.S.
Government Printing Office).
B14 ICS, Guide to Helicopter/Ship Operations (London, Witherby & Co. Ltd. 1989) (ISBN 0-
948691-44-1 ).
B15 CFR title 46, Volume 5 part 150, US Government Printing Office, via GPO Access
(http: www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfrl)
Secondhand copies of out of print books may be available from the Warsash Nautical
Bookshop, 6 Dibles Road, Warsash, Southampton S031 9HZ, UK. Tel: 441489 572384, Fax:
441489885756 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nauticalbooks.co.uk
IMO references (R)

R1 International Convention forthe Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974) Consolidated
Edition 1997, (IMO-110)
R2 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers, 1978/1995 (IMO-938)
R3 Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in
Bulk (BCH Code), as amended (IMO-772)
R4 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk (lBC Code), as amended (IMO-100)
R5 Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG), as
amended (IMO-251)
R6 MARPOL 73/78 (Consolidated edition, 1997) (IMO-520)
R7 1992 MARPOL Amendments (1993 edition) (IMO-544)
R8 1994/1995 MARPOL Amendments (1996 edition) (IMO-640)
R9 International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) (IMO-186)
Details of distributors of IMO publications that maintain a permanent stock of all IMO
publications may be found on the IMO web site at http://www.imo.org
10
PART B: COURSE OUTLINE
Part B: Course Outline' and Timetable
Minimum Requirements for the Training of Masters and Officers on

Chemical Tankers (STCW Chapter V, Regulation V/1 para 2)
Course Outline Approximate Time
(Hours)
Knowledge, understanding and proficiency Lectures, demonstrations
and practical work
1 Introduction (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 15,18)

1.1 The course 0.5
1.2 Cargoes in chemical tankers 1.0
1.3 Production and use of liquid chemicals _1.5
3.0
2 Chemistry and Physics (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 18)

2.1 Physical properties of cargoes 1.5
2.2 Chemistry of cargoes 2.5
2.3 Laboratory theory and practical _2._0
6.0
3 Hazards (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 20)

3.1 Health hazards 1.0
3.2 Hazards to the environment 0.5
3.3 Reactivity hazards 0.5
3.4 Flammability and explosivity hazards 1.0
3.5 First aid _1._0
4.0
4 Rules and Regulations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 16)

4.1 International and national codes and regulations 1.0
4.2 Bulk Chemical Codes 0.5
4.3 Annex II of MAR POL 73/78 4.0
4.4 Certification and surveys _0.5
6.0
5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment (STCW Code, Section A-V/1

para 17)
5.1 Construction and equipment requirements 1.0
5.2 Ship arrangements 0.5
5.3 Cargo containment 0.5
5.4 Ship types and survival capability _0.5
2.5
6 Cargo-handling Systems (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 17,19)*

6.1 Tanks, piping and valves 0.5
6.2 Tank materials and coatings 1.0
6.3 Cargo tank vent systems 0.5
6.4 Pumps and unloading systems 4.0
6.5 Efficient stripping 1.5
6.6 Cargo heating systems 0.5
6.7 Tank-washing and slops-retaining systems 0.5
6.8 Inert gas systems 0.5
6.9 Instrumentation _0._5
9.5
,
Course Outline (continued) Approximate Time
(Hours)
Knowledge, understanding and proficiency Lectures, demonstrations
and practical work
7 Safety and Pollution Prevention (STCW Code, Section A-V/1

para 19, 20)
7.1 Tank atmosphere evaluation* 1.0
7.2 Fire prevention and equipment 1.0
7.3 Pollution prevention* 3.0
7.4 Protection and safety equipment 3.5
7.5 Precautions conceming repair and maintenance _0.5
9.0
8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations (STCW Code, Section A-

V/1 para 18, 19)*
8.1 General cargo handling and ballast operations 0.5
8.2 Cargo planning 3.0
8.3 Procedures for loading and preparations for loading 1.0
8.4 Cargo measurement and calculation 1.5
8.5 Cargo conditioning during transport 0.5
8.6 Unloading plan and procedures 0.5
8.7 Unloading, stripping and prewash operations with NLS 2.0
8.8 Ballasting and deballasting _0.5
9.5
9 Tank-cleaning Operations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 19)

9.1 General tank cleaning operations* 0.5
9.2 Tank-cleaning procedures and disposal of slops* 4.0
9.3 Gas-freeing of cargo tanks* 0.5
9.4 Tests for cleanliness _1._5
6.5
10 ShiplShore Interface (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 19)

10.1 Liaison with terminals 1.0
10.2 Shore reception facilities _0.5
1.5
11 Emergency Operations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 21)

11.1 Organizational structure and planning 0.5
11.2 Alarms 0.5
11.3 Emergency procedures* _2.0
3.0
TOTAL 60.5
Note: It is suggested that a relevant liquid cargo handling simulator can serve as an efficient teaching tool. Should
such a system be available, then the class/lecture hours should be adapted to incorporate such without raising
the overall duration of the course. Areas that may be suitable for such training are indicated with an asterisk, *.
PART B: COURSE OUTLINE
Specialized Training for Chemical Tankers

Course Timetable - Example
Day Period 1 Period 2 Lunch Period 3 Period 4

Break
(1 % hours) (1 % hours) (1 % hours) (1 % hours)
1 Introduction Introduction Chemistry and Chemistry and

Physics Physics
2 Chemistry and Chemistry and Hazards Hazards

Physics Physics
3 Hazards Rules and Rules and Rules and

Regulations Regulations Regulations
4 Rules and Ship Design and Ship Design and Cargo Handling
Regulations Cargo Containment Cargo Containment Systems
5 Cargo Handling Cargo Handling Cargo Handling Cargo Handling

Systems Systems Systems Systems
6 Cargo Handling Safety and Safety and Safety and

Systems Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention
7 Safety and Safety and Safety and Cargo Handling and

Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention Ballast Operations
8 Cargo Handling and Cargo Handling and Cargo Handling and Cargo Handling and
Ballast Operations Ballast Operations Ballast Operations Ballast Operations
9 Cargo Handling and Tank-cleaning Tank-cleaning Tank-cleaning

Ballast Operations Operations Operations Operations
10 Tank-cleaning Ship/Shore Emergency Emergency

Operations Interface Operations Operations
11 Assessment
Teaching staff should note that timetables are suggestions only as regards sequence and length of time allocated
to each objective. These factors may be adapted by lecturers to suit individual groups of trainees depending on
their experience, ability, equipment and staff available for training.
Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus
Specialized Training for Chemical Tankers - Introduction
The detailed teaching syllabus is presented as a series of learning objectives. The objective,
therefore, describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that the specified knowledge or
skill has been transferred and competence achieved.
Thus each training objective is supported by a number of related performance elements in

which the trainee is expected to be proficient. The teaching syllabus shows the required
performance required of the trainee in the tables that follow.
In order to assist the instructor, references are shown to indicate IMO references and
publications, textbooks and teaching aids that instructors may wish to use in preparing and
presenting their lessons.
The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed teaching
syllabus; in particular,
Teaching aids (indicated by A),

Bibliography (indicated by B), and
IMO reference (indicated by R)
will provide valuable information to instructors. The abbreviations used are:
App.: Appendix
Art.: Article
pa.: paragraph
Reg.: Regulation
Sec.: Section
The following are examples of the use of references:
"A1" refers to the Instructor Manual in Part D of this model course.
"B1" refers to ICS, Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals)
"R6" refers to MARPOL 73fia Consolidated Edition 1997
• Note
Throughout the course, safe working practices are to be clearly defined and emphasized with
reference to current international requirements and regulations.
It is expected that the national institution implementing the course will introduce references to
national requirements and regulations as necessary.
PART C: DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS
Aims
The aim of this model course is to ensure that on completion of training the candidate will meet
the minimum standard of competence to undertake duties on chemical tankers in accordance
with Regulation V/1 paragraph 2.2 of STCW 1995. At the time of revising the STCW
Convention the competences required by masters and officers in connection with cargowork
on tankers were not drafted in the form of Tables as were those for watchkeepers, for
example, see Table A-II/1. The experience and training requirements for tanker masters and
officers were amended in 1994 and came into effect on 1 January 1996. With limited time and
resources available for drafting revisions to the Convention, it was decided to leave this section
essentially unchanged. The theoretical and practical knowledge required for chemical tanker
operations is specified in Section A-V/1 paragraphs 15-21.
The following section illustrates how this training and practical knowledge, and the elements
in this model course, fit with the format of STCW standards of competence, grouped under
defined functions for a given level of responsibility.
In this respect the training is based on the following functions, at the management level.
1. Cargohandling and stowage (STCW Code Table A-II/2)

2. Controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons onboard (Table A-II/2, A-IiI/2).
Competence
The competences required by candidates may be expressed in terms of the Convention as
follows. Note the text in italics is added in the context of chemical tanker operations.
1.1 Plan and ensure safe loading, care during the voyage and unloading of chemical
cargoes
1.2 Safely and efficiently perform the carriage of dangerous cargoes
2.1 Control trim, stability and stress

2.2 Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and measures to
ensure safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment
Training outcome (as stated in Tables A-II/2, A-IiI/2)

The standard of knowledge, understanding and proficiency associated with the above
competences is therefore considered to be as tabulated below. Note again that the text in
italics is added in the context of chemical tanker operations.
1.1.1 Demonstrate a knowledge of and ability to apply relevant international regulations,

codes and standards concerning the safe handling and transport of chemical cargoes
1.1.2 Plan and execute chemical tanker loading and unloading operations
1.1.3 Demonstrate a practica/knowledge of chemicaltankers and chemicaltanker operations
1.2.1 Demonstrate a knowledge of the carriage of dangerous, hazardous and harmful

cargoes; the precautions during loading and unloading and care during the voyage
2.1.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting trim, stability and stress as
applicable to chemical tankers
2.2.1 Demonstrate a knowledge of international maritime law embodied in international

agreements and conventions with special regard to:
responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea;
responsibilities under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships as applicable to chemical tankers; and
methods and aids to prevent pollution of the marine environment by chemical tankers.
The individual syllabus areas with training outcomes or objectives covered in Part C of this
Chemical Tanker Training Programme may be listed as follows. This text aims to show how
the basic competences for planning, loading and carriage of chemical cargoes are addressed
in this model course.
The numbering of the sub-headings, for example 3.1 Health hazards, follows the numbering
employed in Part C of this model course.
1.1.1 Demonstrate a knowledge of and ability to apply relevant international regulations,

codes and standards concerning the safe handling and transport of chemical cargoes.
3 Hazards
3.1 Health hazards
3.2 Hazards to the environment
3.3 Reactivity hazards
3.4 Flammability and explosivity hazards
3.5 First aid
10 ShiplShore Interface
10.1 Liaison with terminals
10.2 Shore reception facilities
1.1.2 Plan and execute chemical tanker loading and unloading operations
2.1.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting trim, stability and stress as
applicable to chemical tankers
6 Cargo Handling Systems

6.1 Tanks, piping and valves
6.2 Tank materials and coatings
6.3 Cargo tank vent systems
6.4 Pumps and unloading systems
6.5 Efficient stripping
6.6 Cargo heating systems
6.7 Tank-washing and slops-retaining systems
6.8 Inert gas systems
6.9 Instrumentation
1.1.3 Demonstrate a practical knowledge of chemical tankers and chemical tanker operations
1 Introduction
1.1 The course
1.2 Cargoes in chemical tankers
1.3 Production and use of liquid chemicals
5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment

5.1 Construction and equipment requirements
5.2 Ship arrangements
5.3 Cargo containment
5.4 Ship types and survival capability
8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations

8.1 General cargo handling and ballast operations
8.2 Cargo planning
8.3 Procedures for loading and preparations for loading
8.4 Cargo measurement and calculation
8.5 Cargo conditioning during transport
8.6 Unloading plan and procedures
8.7 Unloading, stripping and prewash operations with NLS
8.8 Ballasting and deballasting
9 Tank-cleaning Operations
9.1 General tank cleaning operations
9.2 Tank-cleaning procedures and disposal of slops
9.3 Gas-freeing of cargo tanks
9.4 Tests for cleanliness
1.2.1 Demonstrate a knowledge of the carriage of dangerous, hazardous and harmful

cargoes; the precautions during loading and unloading and care during the voyage
2 Chemistry and Physics

2.1 Physical properties of cargoes
2.2 Chemistry of cargoes
2.3 Laboratory theory and practical
3 Hazards
3.1 Health hazards
11 Emergency Operations
11.1 Organizational structure and planning
11.2 Alarms
11.3 Emergency procedures
2.2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of international maritime law embodied in international

agreements and conventions with special regard to:
responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea;
responsibilities under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships as applicable to chemical tankers; and
methods and aids to prevent pollution of the marine environment by chemical tankers
4 Rules and Regulations

4.1 International and national codes and regulations
4.2 Bulk Chemical Codes
4.3 Annex II of MARPOL 73/78
4.4 Certification and surveys
7 Safety and Pollution Prevention

7.1 Tank atmosphere evaluation
7.2 Fire prevention and equipment
7.3 Pollution prevention
7.4 Protection and safety equipment
Knowledge, understanding and proficiency IMO Textbooks, Teaching

Reference Bibliography Aid
STCW Code A1-Sec.1

1 Introduction (3 hours) Sec A-V/1
pa. 15, 18
Required performance: R2
1.1 The course (0.5 hour)

.1 A 1-pa. 1.1
states the background for and the purpose of the course as:
- the 1995 STCW Convention calls for mandatory minimum

requirements for training and qualifications of masters,
officers and ratings on tankers
- the training is divided into two parts:
• Tanker familiarization course: a basic safety training

course for officers and ratings assigned specific
duties and responsibilities relating to cargo and cargo
equipment on tankers covering at least the syllabus in
the STCW Code
Training can also be covered through at least three
months of approved seagoing service
• A specialized chemical tanker training programme for

masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, senior
engineer officers and any other person with
immediate responsibility for loading, discharging and
care in transit or handling of cargo
In addition such personnel must have completed the
Tanker Familiarization course and have experience
appropriate to their duties on chemical tankers
.2 states that the purpose of this course is to meet the

requirements for specialized training given in regulation
V/1-2.2 of the STCW Code
.3 states that officers and ratings on chemical tankers assigned

specific duties and responsibilities shall have completed an
approved shore-based fire-fighting course
.4 states the importance of giving basic safety training to

personnel who are unfamiliar with chemical cargoes, in
particular with respect to: B12
- hazards to health
- fire hazards
- preventive measures
- remedial measures
Required performance:
1.2 Cargoes in chemical tankers (1 hour) R4 B3 A1-pa.1.2

A2-Fig. 1.1-
.1 states that a chemical tanker is primarily designed for the 1.3
carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk A4
.2 states that these chemicals are listed in the IMO Bulk

Chemical Codes
.3 states that, in addition to the cargoes listed in the Codes,

chemical tankers may carry a wide variety of other liquid
products

.4 states that chemical tankers carry a wide range of products

which would normally be considered to be unrelated to
chemicals
.5 lists examples of cargoes referred to under objective 1.2.4 as

fruit juice, water, molasses, animal and vegetable oils, clean
petroleum products and lubricating oils
.6 states that clean petroleum products are those that have

been produced in oil refineries and that may be referred to as
'white oils'
.7 states that white oils are the distilled lighter fractions derived
from the refinery process, and 'black oils' are the heavier
residues
.8 states that most of the petroleum product cargoes are

transported in product tankers
.9 states that cargoes in chemical tankers may be divided into

four groups as:
- petrochemicals
- alcohols and carbohydrates
- vegetable and animal oils and fats
- acids and inorganic chemicals
.10 explains that 'petrochemicals' is the collective name for

organic chemicals derived from crude oil, natural gas or coal
.11 explains that the alcohols may be derived from hydrocarbons

or produced by fermentation
.12 explains that vegetable and animal oils and fats are products
derived from seeds of plants and from fat of animals and fish
.13 explains what is meant by 'organic' and 'inorganic' chemicals
.14 states that acids may be organic or inorganic
1.3 Production and use of liquid chemicals 83 A1-pa. 1.3

A2-Fig. 1.4-
(1.5 hours) 1.8
.1 states that the number of liquid chemicals suitable for bulk

transport in chemical tankers has increased gradually over
the years and is now counted by the hundreds
.2 states that most of the products shipped in chemical tankers

are petrochemicals
.3 states that petrochemicals constitute the feedstock for

plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibres, agricultural
chemicals and detergents
.4 states that the main sources of petrochemicals are the light

gaseous hydrocarbons obtained from processing crude oil in
refineries and natural gas
.5 explains generally the processes for obtaining ethylene,

propylene and butadiene gases from crude oil and from
natural gas

.6 states that some petrochemicals may be derived from coal
.7 explains generally the processes for obtaining chemicals from

coal tar
.8 states that alcohols can be obtained from petroleum

derivatives or by fermentation of carbohydrates
.9 states that methanol is the most common alcohol carried as

cargo in chemical tankers
.10 lists uses of alcohols in the chemical industry
.11 lists examples of vegetable and animal oils and fats
.12 lists uses of vegetable and animal oils and fats
.13 states that the group of inorganic chemicals includes the

strongest acids and bases transported in chemical tankers
.14 lists examples of inorganic acids and bases
.15 explains, in general terms, the origin and uses of inorganic

acids and bases
.16 lists examples of organic acids
.17 explains, in general terms the origins and uses of organic

acids
STCW Code A1-Sec. 1

2 Chemistry and Physics (6 hours) Sec. A-V/1 A2-Fig. 2.1-
pa. 18 2.3
2.1 Physical properties of cargoes (1.5 hours) A1-pa.2.1
.1 explains the following terms: R4-Sec. 1.3
- states of aggregation
- melting point
- boiling point
- partial pressure
- vapour pressure
- volatility
- liquid density, specific gravity, litre weight
- vapour density
- viscosity, surface tension, adhesion, cohesion
- solubility, miscibility
- diffusion
.2 states that cargoes in chemical tankers are liquids having a R4-pa. 1.1.2
vapour pressure not exceeding 2.8 bar absolute at a
temperature of 37.8°C
.3 explains the physical data of a liquid chemical, as given in the 81

ICS Cargo Data Sheets, for example

2.2 Chemistry of cargoes (2.5 hours) A1-pa.2.2

A2-Fig. 2.4-
.1 explains the structure of atoms 2.10
.2 explains 'atomic number' and 'atomic weight'
.3 explains the Periodic System and the Periodic Table
.4 explains, in simple terms, a chemical reaction and the

forming of molecules
.5 states that a hydrocarbon molecule is characterized by the

presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms in various
arrangements
.6 states that hydrocarbons with up to four carbon atoms in their

molecules are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure
.7 states that hydrocarbons with from five to twenty carbon

atoms are liquid at ambient conditions
.8 states that hydrocarbons with more than twenty carbon atoms

in their molecules are solid at ambient conditions
.9 explains the structure of:
- a saturated hydrocarbon molecule

- an unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule
- an aromatic hydrocarbon molecule
- a halogenated hydrocarbon molecule
- an alcohol molecule
.10 states the chemical definition of an acid
.11 states the chemical definition of a base
.12 explains the meaning of pH value
.13 identifies, from molecular drawings or models, some common

chemicals by name
.14 states that many chemical cargoes are chemically reactive 81

with themselves
.15 explains that such reactions may result in:
- the formation of larger molecules (polymerization)

- the disintegration of molecules (decomposition)
.16 explains the functions of inhibitors and catalysts
.17 states that inhibitors added to a liquid cargo may not inhibit
reactions of the cargo vapour in the ullage space
.18 extracts chemical data for a common cargo from the ICS or
other Cargo Data Sheets
.19 explains the meaning of the chemical data in 2.2.18


2.3 Laboratory theory and practical (2 hours) 84 A1-pa.2.3
.1 explains the need of taking cargo samples and for chemical

and physical analyses of cargoes
.2 demonstrates: A3-App. 5
- the determination of cargo temperature

- the determination of the cargo density
- use of a colour scale
- a simple check for cargo residues trapped in rust, that are
liable to contaminate the next cargo
- an 'acid wash' test
.3 describes the permanganate time test
.4 describes how the flashpoint of a liquid chemical is

determined
.5 explains the terms 'Free Fatty Acid' (FFA) and 'Acid Value'
3 Hazards (4 hours) STCW Code A1-Sec.3

Sec. A-V/1
Required performance: pa.20
3.1 Health Hazards (1 hour) R4-Sect. 1.2 81, 815 A1-pa.3.1

A2-Fig. 2.3A
.1 describes the health hazards posed by cargoes in chemical &2.38
tankers as:
- toxicity
- asphyxia
- corrosivity
.2 states that toxic chemicals may enter the body by:
- inhalation
- ingestion
- skin contact
.3 states that the harmful effect of a cargo depends on both its

physical and its chemical properties
.4 states that the inhalation hazard depends primarily on the

volatility of the liquid
.5 states that, if swallowed, all poisons are dangerous
.6 states that some cargoes are irritants on human tissue
.7 states that strongly corrosive liquids destroy human tissue
.8 states that less corrosive liquids may only be irritating to the

skin, but may cause serious damage to eyes or to mucous
membranes
.9 states that absorption of a cargo or of its vapour through the

skin depends on the solvent nature of the cargo

.10 explains, in general terms, how cargo or cargo vapours may R6-pa. 6.1.1
cause asphyxia
.11 states that some chemicals may evolve toxic vapours if they
are in contact with other cargoes or reactive agents
.12 states that toxic vapours may be generated from fire in

certain chemicals
.13 describes toxic properties of inhibitors
.14 describes toxic properties of inert gas
.15 describes general symptoms of poisoning R6-Ch. 4
.16 explains general symptoms of asphyxia
.17 explains information given in 'health data' columns of the ICS

or other Cargo Data Sheets or CFR title 46-150
.18 explains the health hazard criteria as set out in the IBC Code R4-pa. 1.2.2
.19 states that toxic cargoes should not be stowed in tanks

adjacent to tanks containing edible cargoes, and should be
as far as possible from accommodation and from machinery
spaces
3.2 Hazards to the environment (0.5 hour) R4-Sec. 1.2 B1 A1-pa.3.2
.1 states that some chemical cargoes pose a severe

environmental hazard if released to the sea or to the air
.2 states that marine pollution by chemicals may be caused by

accidental and intentional discharge into the sea of cargo,
such as through:
- collisions and strandings

- lightening operations
- tank washing and line flushing
- deballasting
- overflow from tanks
- leaking hoses or loading arms
- equipment failure
.3 explains the water pollution hazard criteria as listed in the IBC

Code
.4 explains the air pollution hazard criteria as set out in the IBC
Code
.5 explains the marine pollution hazard criteria as set out i the

IBC Code
.6 states that cargoes which represent a major pollution hazard

should not be stowed in contact with the ship's shell plating
.7 states that intemational regulations for the control of marine

pollution by cargoes from chemical tankers are set out in
Annex II of MARPOL 73f78

3.3 Reactivity Hazards (O.Shour) R4-Sect. 1.2 81 A1-pa.3.3

815 A2- Fig.
.1 explains that a chemical cargo may react in a number of 2.3A & 2.38
ways, such as:
- with itself
- with air
- with water
- with another cargo
- with other materials
.2 explains self-reaction and gives examples of cargoes that

may self-react
.3 states precautions against self-reaction
.4 explains reaction with air and gives examples of cargoes that

may react with air
.5 states precautions against reaction with air
.6 explains reaction with water and gives examples of cargoes

that may react with water
.7 states precautions against reaction with water
.8 explains cargo compatibility and lists chemical cargoes that

are incompatible
.9 states precautions against mixing of incompatible cargoes
.10 explains that some cargoes may react with other materials,
such as
- tank materials and coatings

- gaskets
- cargo hoses
- cargo sample containers
.11 states precautions against the reactions listed in objective

3.3.10
.12 states that reactivity data of chemicals are given in the ICS,
or other Cargo Data Sheets or CFR46-150
3.4 Flammability and explosivity hazards (1 hour) R4-Sec. 1.2 81 A 1-pa. 3.4
815 A2-Fig. 3.1-
3.4, 2.3A &
.1 states that the fire hazard of a cargo covered by the 8ulk
2.38
Chemical Codes is defined by its flash point, boiling point,
flammability limits and auto-ignition temperature
.2 defines flashpoint
.3 defines auto-ignition temperature
.4 explains flammable range and defines 'LFL' and 'UFL'


.5 states that a cargo is flammable if it is capable of being

ignited and of burning
.6 states that most chemical cargoes are flammable
.7 states that it is not the liquid cargo that burns, but the
vapours that are emitted from it
.8 states that, generally, flammable vapours can ignite and will

burn when mixed with air in certain proportions
.9 states that certain cargo vapours can burn, if ignited, without

being mixed with air
.10 states that combustion is a chemical reaction, and describes

the process of burning of hydrocarbons
.11 explains that the flammable range is different for different

chemicals
.12 explains the effect on the flammable limits of increasing and

decreasing the amount of oxygen within a space
.13 demonstrates use of a flammability chart
.14 states that the ICS Cargo Data Sheets, or CFR46-150 give
the fire and explosion data for each chemical listed
3.5 First aid treatment (1 hour) R5
.1 states that first-aid procedures for accidents involving cargo

are given in the Cargo Data Sheets
.2 states that chemical tankers have medical first-aid equipment

on board
.3 states that the equipment referred to under objective 11.4.2

includes oxygen resuscitation equipment and antidotes for
the products to be carried
.4 states that the master or responsible officer should be

familiar with the use of medical first-aid equipment
.5 states that professional medical treatment should be sought

when in doubt, and always in cases where casualties have
been overcome by toxic and/or irritant vapours
.6 states the importance of labeling a patient before he is

removed from a vessel
.7 states that the IMO Medical First Aid Guide for Accidents
Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) gives information
regarding emergency medical treatment
.8 explains that the MFAG gives detailed information about

signs and symptoms, first aid and the administering of
antidotes

STCW Code A 1-Sec.4

4 Rules and Regulations (6 hours) Sec. A-V/1
pa. 16
4.1 International and national codes and A1-pa.4.1

regulations (1 hour)
.1 lists the most important of the rules governing the transport of
liquid chemicals in bulk as:
- international conventions
- national regulations
- classification society rules
.2 states that shipping activities are of international concern and

that the international forum for maritime, and therefore
shipping, matters is the IMO
.3 states that IMO has adopted safety and pollution conventions

that affect ships
.4 states that the Conventions directly affecting the safe and

pollution-free operations of chemical tankers are:
- SOLAS 1974/1995
- MAR POL 73/78 and amendments
- STCW 1995
.5 defines SOLAS 1974/1995 as the International Convention of

the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974/1995
.6 defines MARPOL 73/78 as the International Convention for

the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/1978 and
amendments
.7 defines STCW 1995 as the International Convention 0

Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers, 1995
.8 states that countries which are Party to the above

Conventions have the provisions of those Conventions
incorporated into their national laws and regulations
.9 states that all chemical tankers and their personnel are

affected by SOLAS 1974/1995, MARPOL 73/78 and STCW
1995, either through their own national laws or through laws
of the port State
.10 states that MARPOL 73/78 is an international convention

which contains provisions for the control of both intentional
and accidental pollution from ships
.11 states that MARPOL 73/78 has six annexes:

R6
Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil
Annex II Regulations for the Control of Pollution by
Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

Annex III Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by

Harmful Substances carried by Sea in packaged
Forms, or in Freight Containers, Portable Tanks
or Road and Rail Wagons
Annex IV Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by
Sewage from Ships
Annex V Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by
Garbage from Ships
Annex VI Regulations on the Prevention of Air Pollution
from Ships
4.2 Bulk Chemical Codes (0.5 hour) R3,R4 A1-pa.4.2
.1 states that, in order to provide an international standard of the

safe carriage of chemicals in bulk by ship, IMO has
developed the Bulk Chemical Codes
.2 defines the Codes referred to in objective 4.2.1 as:
- International Code of the construction and Equipment of

Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)
- Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships
Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code)
.3 states that the Bulk Chemical Codes:
- amplify the provisions of Chapter VII of SOLAS 74 and

Annex II of MAR POL 73fl8 and amendments
- were concerned initially with the crew safety and were
later extended to include pollution aspects
- provide an international standard of construction and
equipment
.4 states that the year of construction of a chemical tanker

determines which Code is applicable to the ship
.5 defines the terms 'new ship' and 'existing ship'
.6 states that chemical tankers may have to comply with the

Bulk Chemical Codes, either through their national laws or
through laws of the port State
.7 states that port State authorities may verify compliance with

the IMO Conventions and Codes
.8 states that a ship which is constructed for carriage of both

chemicals and liquefied gases in bulk must comply with the
requirements of both the Bulk Chemical Codes and the Gas
Carrier Codes

4.3 Annex II of MARPOL 73n8 (4 hours) R6

A 1-pa. 4.3
Principles
.1 describes the principles underlying the protection of the
marine environment from Annex II substances as:
- identifying liquid substances carried in bulk which are

harmful to the marine environment, Le. noxious liquid
substances (NLS)
- ensuring that NLS are carried in ships with increased
survival capability
- ensuring that NLS are unloaded to leave negligible
quantities of residue
- stipulating conditions for the discharge of residues into the
sea
.2 states that, in the implementation of those principles: R6-
- NLS have been divided into categories in accordance with Reg. 3 &
the measure of harm they can cause to the marine App.1
environment
- there are requirements for the carriage of NLS in a type 1, Reg. 13
2 or 3 chemical tanker or product tanker in accordance
with the measure of harm they can cause to the marine
environment
- there are requirements for pumping and stripping Reg. SA
capability and the prewashing of tanks carrying NLS,
depending on their category
- there are criteria for discharges into the sea that depend Reg.S
on the category of a NLS and the sea area into which it is
discharged
Division of substances
.3 defines 'harmful substance' R6- Art. 2
.4 states that Annex II substances have been divided into R6-Reg.

Appendix II and Appendix III substances 1(6), Reg. 4
.S states that IBC Code lists NLS and other liquid substances
carried in bulk
.6 defines 'noxious liquid substance' (NLS) R6-Reg. 1(6)
.7 states that the division of NLS into categories A, B, C and D R6-Reg. 3

is for discharge purposes, with category A posing the
greatest and category D posing the least threat of harm to the
marine environment
Hazard profiles
.8 states that the determining factors in ascertaining a threat of R6-App. 1
harm to the marine environment are: R4
- degree of bioaccumulation
- aquatic toxicity
- hazard to human health
- damage potential to amenities
.9 describes the factors referred to under objective 4.3.8 in a

general way
?Q

.10 states that, on the basis of those factors, hazard profiles are
drawn up by GESAMP for all liquid substances carried in bulk
.11 defines GESAMP as the Joint Group of Experts on the

Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution
.12 explains the hazard profile of a substance
Categorization of substances and assignment of ship type

.13 explains how hazard profiles are used in the categorization of R8
substances
.14 explains how hazard profiles are used in the assignment of R4-p. 166
ship type
.15 establishes the category of a substance given the hazard

profile of a substance and the criteria for categorization
.16 establishes the ship type given the hazard profile of a non-
dangerous NLS and the criteria for assigning ship type
.17 states that specific rules apply for categorization and for
assignment of ship type in the case of mixtures
Updating the lists of substances

.18 describes the procedure by which liquid substances to be R6
carried in bulk and not yet listed in Appendices II or III of
Annex II are added to the list as:
- particulars of a substance to be supplied by means of a

data sheet and submitted to IMO
- the hazard profile to be drawn up by GESAMP
- categorization and assignment of ship type to be done by
IMO
- amendment to be made to Appendices II or III of Annex II
.19 describes the procedures for the provisional assessment of R6-Reg. 3(4)
liquid substances carried in bulk
Inclusion of noxious liquid substances (NLS) in the BCHIIBC RS-Reg. 13.

Codes 14
.20 states that all NLS are included in chapters VI and 17, or VII
and 18, respectively, of the BCH and IBC Codes
.21 states that all NLS of categories A. Band C are included in

chapters VI and 17 of the Codes
.22 states that, depending on the date they were built, either the
IBC or the BCH Code is mandatory for ships carrying NLS of
categories A, B or C
.23 explains why category D substances may also be included in

chapters VI and 17 of the Codes
.24 explains why, with the entry into force of Annex II, certain
substances (Le. cyclohexane, toluene, xylenes) that were
earlier transported in oil tankers have been listed in chapters
VI and 17 of the Codes
.25 with respect to the substances referred to under objective

4.3.24, explains that these may still be carried in oil tankers, RS-Reg. 14
subject to certain criteria
.26 defines such substances as 'oil-like substances'


.27 lists criteria for determining if a substance is an oil-like
substance
.28 states that oil-like substances, if carried as oil, come under

the provisions of MARPOL 73f78 - Annex I
.29 explains how the personnel of an oil tanker know which NLS
may be carried in the ship
Procedures and Arrangements (P 11 A) Manual R6-App. D

.30 states that every ship carrying noxious liquid substances
must be provided with a P & A Manual
.31 describes the arrangement of the Manual
.32 states that the P & A Manual is approved by the

Administration and relates only to the ship for which it is
approved
.33 explains that compliance with the procedures set out in the
Manual ensures compliance with the Annex II requirements
applicable to the ship
.34 explains why the Manual is also of interest to port authorities
.35 explains the relevance of the information in Table 1 of the

Manual
.36 describes the difference between entries in column 1 of Table

1 and the list of substances in the Certificate of Fitness
.37 explains the relevance of the information in Table 2 of the

Manual
.38 explains the flow diagrams of addendum A of Appendix D of

the Standards for Procedures and Arrangements for the A3-App. 4
Discharge of Noxious Liquid Substances
Cargo Record Book (CRB) R6-Reg. 9 &

.39 identifies the CRB App.IV
.40 states that:
- the CRB must be kept up to date by means of coded

entries
- where coded entries are not possible, entries must be in
language of the flag state, or in English, or in French
- the above is necessary to allow inspection by port State
authorities
- the CRB must be shown to the authorities if so requested
- copies may be made by authorities and must be signed
for as true copies
- the CRB is admissible as evidence in court
- the CRB must be retained on board for at least 3 years
after the last entry
.41 using a description of shipboard operations, illustrates how

correct and complete entries are made in a CRB
.42 using a completed CRB, verifies that all operational

requirements have been observed, such as:
- unloading, stripping and prewash operations

- discharge into the sea of NLS
- disposal of tank washings

4.4 Certification and surveys (O.Shour)

.1 states that, for cargo ships, compliance with structural A 1-pa. 4.4
requirements of SOLAS 1974 is certified by means of the
Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate
.2 states that, for cargo ships, compliance with equipment

requirements of SOLAS 1974 is certified by means of the
Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate and the Cargo Ship
Safety Radio Certificate
.3 states that all chemical tankers that comply with the

requirements for structure, equipment, fittings, arrangement A2-Fig. 4.1 A
and material set out in the Bulk Chemical Codes are certified to 4.1 G
by means of the Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
.4 states that the Certificate of Fitness has an attached list of

the substances in chapter VI (BCH Code) or chapter 17 (IBC R3,R4
Code) that a ship is permitted to carry
.5 states that Certificate of Fitness must also include Chapter 18

substances of category D which ship is suitable to carry
.6 states that all chemical tankers that also carry liquefied gas
are issued with a Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Liquefied Gases in Bulk in addition to the certificate referred
to in objective 4.4.3
.7 states that ships other than chemical tankers carrying NLS in

bulk must carry a Pollution Prevention Certificate for the
Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (NLS Certificate)
.8 states that the ships referred to under objective 4.4.6 include:
- oil product tankers

- offshore supply ships
- dry-cargo ships with deep tanks
.9 states that the flag States are responsible for survey of ships,
and for issuing certificates
.10 states that the flag States may appoint other agencies or
classification societies to carry out surveys and to issue the
certificates on their behalf
.11 states that it is the responsibility of the master to keep the

certificates valid and to call in survey officers of the flag State
in due course prior to the end of the period of validity of a
certificate
.12 states that the period of validity of a Certificate of Fitness is

R4-pa. 1.5.2
not longer than 5 years
.13 states that the following surveys are required for a valid
R7.2-Reg.
certificate:
10
- an initial survey to issue the first certificate
- a periodical survey to issue the subsequent certificates
- annual surveys within 3 months (before or after) of the
anniversary dates of the certificate
- intermediate surveys, which are more stringent surveys
that take the place of either the second or the third annual
survey

STCW Code A1-Sec.5
5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment Sec. A-V/1 A4
(2.5 hours) pa. 17
5.1 Construction and equipment requirements

(1 hour)
.1 states that the Bulk Chemical codes establish an intemational
standard for the design, construction and equipment of
chemical tankers to minimize the risk to the ship, to its crew
and to the environment
.2 states that chapter VI of the BCH Code and chapter 17 of the A2-Fig. 5.1 A
IBC Code each give a summary of minimum requirements of to 5.1 D
products covered by the Code
.3 states that products listed in chapter VII of the BCH Code and
chapter 18 of the IBC Code are products to which the Codes
do not apply
.4 explains that the lists may by used as a guide in considering

bulk carriage of products whose hazards have not yet been
evaluated
.5 explains the entries used in the different columns of chapter

VI of the BCH Code and chapter 17 of the IBC Code
5.2 Ship arrangements (0.5 hour) R4-Ch. 3 A2-Fig. 5.2
.1 states that segregation and separation of cargoes and

spaces are fundamental to the safety of a chemical tanker
.2 states that tanks containing cargo or residues of cargo that

are subject to the Codes should be segregated from
accommodation, service and machinery spaces and from
drinking water and stores for human consumption
.3 states that segregation is done by means of cofferdams, void

spaces, cargo pump-rooms, pump-rooms, empty tanks, oil
fuel tanks or other similar spaces
.4 states that cargoes, residues of cargoes and mixtures

containing cargoes which react in a hazardous manner with
other cargoes should:
- be segregated from such other cargoes by means of a

cofferdam, void space, cargo pump-room, pump-room,
empty tank or tank containing a mutually compatible cargo
- have separate pumping and piping systems
- have separate tank-venting systems

.5 states that air intakes for accommodation, service and

machinery spaces and control stations have to be at a
minimum distance from ventilation outlets from cargo tanks
and cargo-handling spaces
.6 states that access to accommodation or to the engine-room

has to be a minimum distance of 3 metres from the forward
division of accommodation
.7 states that windows and sidescuttles facing the cargo area

and on the sides of the deck-houses within a distance of 3
metres should be of the fixed (non-opening) type
.8 states that wheelhouse windows and doors may be located

within a distance of 3 metres from the end of the
superstructure or deck-house facing the cargo area so long
as they are designed that a rapid and efficient gas- and
vapour-tightening of the wheelhouse can be ensured
.9 states that cargo pump-rooms, or similar spaces normally R4-Ch.12

entered during cargo-handling operations, should have a
permanent ventilation arrangement that ensures sufficient
movement of air through the spaces to avoid the
accumulation of toxic or flammable vapours
.10 states that the ventilation system of spaces referred to under

objective 5.2.9 is normally of the extraction type and that
extraction is possible both from above and below the floor
plates
.11 states that electric motors used for driving fans should be
placed outside the ventilation ducts
.12 states that ventilation fans should be of non-sparking

construction and that spare parts should be carried for each
type of fan on board
.13 states that protection screens of not more than 13 mm

square mesh should be fitted in outside openings of
ventilation ducts
.14 states that spaces in the cargo area that are not normally
entered may be equipped with a permanent or a portable
ventilation system
5.3 Cargo containment (0.5 hour) R4-Ch.4
.1 states that the design of cargo tanks should ensure good

drainage and easy tank cleaning for reasons such as:
- decreasing residues and thereby protecting the marine

environment
- increasing cargo out-tum, leading to less disputes
- preventing cargo contamination when changing products
.2 defines the terms:
- independent tank
- integral tank
- gravity tank
- pressure tank
?~Rl' c: t)8 ~\\.ED l'~C\-\\NG S'ILLABUS

R4-Ch.2 A2-
5.4 Ship types and survival capability (0.5 hour)
Fig. 5.3-5.8
.1 states that the Bulk Chemical Codes divide chemical tankers
into three categories, ship type 1, ship type 2 and ship type 3,
which reflect the dangerous and noxious properties of the
cargoes to be carried
.2 states that a type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended for the

transportation of products considered to present the greatest
overall hazards and type 2 and 3 ships are for products of
progressively lesser hazards
.3 states that type 1 ships are required for highly hazardous

and/or noxious cargoes
.4 states that the background for IMO's grouping of ship types

is:
- the ship's capability to survive damage caused by collision

and stranding
- the protection offered to cargo tanks against damage
caused by stranding or by collision
.5 states that ships subject to the Codes should be capable of

surviving specified extents of damage in a condition of stable
equilibrium satisfying the criteria specified in the Code
.6 states that the maximum extent of the assumed damage

caused by collision or stranding is specified in the Code
.7 states that a ship of type 1 should be able to survive the

assumed damage anywhere in its length
.8 states that a ship of type 2 and 3, depending on its length,

should be able to survive the assumed damage within
specified areas of the ship's length
.9 states that, on ships of type 1 and 2, a cargo tank should be

located inboard of B/15 or6 metres, whichever is less,
measured from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at
the centreline
.10 states that, furthermore, on ships of:
- type 1, cargo tanks should be located B/5 or 11.5 metres

(whichever is less) inboard of the ship's side at right
angles to the centreline at the level of the summer load
line
- type 2, cargo tanks should be located not less than 760
mm inboard of the ship's shell plating
.11 states that for ships of type 3 there are no requirements for
the location of cargo tanks offering type 1 protection and
cargo wing tanks offering type 2 or type 3 protection

6 Cargo-handling Systems (9.5 hours) STCW Code A1-Sec.6

Sec. A-V/1
pa. 17, 19
6.1 Tanks, piping and valves (0.5 hour) R4-Ch. 5 84 A2-Fig. 6.1
&6.2
.1 describes, generally, the requirements of cargo piping
.2 describes, generally, cargo piping arrangements on chemical

tankers in terms of:
- pipe scantlings
- fabrication and joining
- flange connections
- test requirements
- arrangements
- valves
- hoses
.3 describes acceptable means of cargo segregation in terms of:
- separation by two valves

- spool-pieces
.4 states that commonly used types of valve on chemical tankers

are:
- ball valves
- membrane valves
- gate valves
- butterfly valves
.5 describes, in general terms, the design of the valves listed in

objective 6.1.4
.6 states that liquid and vapour hoses used for cargo transfer
should be compatible with the cargo and suitable for use at
the cargo temperature
.7 states that the bursting pressure for a new cargo hose should
be at least 5 times the working pressure of the hose
.8 states that the cargo hoses should be inspected and pressure

tested in accordance with national regulations, normally once
a year
.9 describes the procedure for an annual test of the ship's cargo

hoses
.10 describes, generally, the maintenance and the correct

handling of the ship's cargo hoses

6.2 Tank materials and coatings (1.0 hours) R4-Ch. 6 83 A2-Fig. 6.3A
84 &6.38
.1 states that all structural materials and linings used in cargo
tanks, and the associated piping, valves and pumps, must be
suitable for the cargoes to be carried
.2 states that most chemical tankers have a number of coated

tanks and a number of stainless-steel tanks
.3 states that cargo piping, valves and pumps are normally

made of stainless steel
.4 explains reasons for the use of stainless steel and coatings in

cargo tanks
.5 explains 'clad' and 'solid' stainless steel
.6 explains, generally, the composition of a typical stainless

steel used on chemical tankers
.7 explains why stainless steel is 'stainless'
.8 explains, generally, how stainless steel should be handled to

avoid corrosion
.9 explains 'passivating' and 'pickling' of stainless steel
.10 states hat stainless steel is resistant to most chemical

cargoes
.11 states that all non-stainless cargo tanks are coated
.12 lists main types of tank coatings as:
- zinc silicate
- epoxy
- phenolics
- polyurethane
.13 states that chemical tankers dedicated to the carriage of

highly corrosive cargoes may have their cargo tanks fitted
with rubber linings
.14 states that each type of coating is resistant to groups of

chemicals
.15 explains, in general terms, the limitations and possibilities of

each type of coating
.16 explains, in general terms, the correct application technique

for tank coatings
.17 explains, generally, the maintenance of tank coatings
.18 states that the 'coating resistance list' provided by the

manufacturer should be strictly followed when a cargo is to be
loaded in a coated tank

6.3 Cargo tank vent systems (0.5 hour) R4-Ch. 8 A2-Fig. 6.4-
6.78
.1 states that there are two types of ventilation systems for a
cargo tank, 'open' and 'controlled'
.2 describes the open cargo tank ventilation system
.3 describes the controlled cargo tank ventilation system
.4 states that all cargo tanks should be provided with a

ventilation system appropriate to the cargo being carried
.5 states that the ventilation system of each tank is dimensioned

to deal with all vapours that are released by loading at normal
rates
.6 states that the tank ventilation system is designed so as to

minimize the risk of accumulation of cargo vapour in areas
open to access by personnel
.7 states that an open cargo-ventilation system should only be

used for those cargoes that have a flashpoint above 60 C and
that do not present a hazard when inhaled
.8 states that a controlled cargo-ventilation system is to be used

for cargoes other than those for which open ventilation is
permitted
.9 states that the cargo venting system must be provided with

readily renewable and approved devices to prevent the
passage of flame
.10 defines the devices referred to under objective 6.3.9 as: R1-Reg. 11-
2/59.1.5
- flame arresters
- flame screens
- high-velocity vents
.11 explains that there are in-line and end-of-line devices
.12 states that flame screens must not be used at vent outlets
.13 explains, with the aid of a drawing, the mode of operation of:
- a high-velocity valve
- a flame arrester
.14 lists general precautions regarding high-velocity valves
.15 states that the purpose of the pressure/vacuum valve is to

protect the cargo tank from too low or too high pressure
.16 explains, with the aid of a drawing, the mode of operation of a

pressure/vacuum valve
.17 lists general precautions regarding pressure/vacuum valves


A2-Fig. 6.8-
6.4 Pumps and unloading systems (4 hours) 6.15
.1 lists types of pump used on chemical tankers as:
- centrifugal pumps
- piston pumps
- screw pumps
- eductors
.2 states that the main cargo pumps fitted aboard chemical

tankers are mainly of the centrifugal type
.3 states that these centrifugal pumps may be of the deepwell

types, of the submerged type or placed in a pump-room
.4 explains the difference between a 'deepwell pump' and a

'submerged pump'
.5 describes the construction and the operating principle of a

centrifugal pump
.6 describes the construction and the operating principle of a

piston pump
.7 describes the construction and the operating principle of an

screw pump
.8 describes the construction and the operating principle of an

eductor
.9 lists the benefits of using a centrifugal pump as a cargo pump

as:
- its simple construction

- there being no valve in its construction
- its relatively small size, because the pump can operate at
high speed
- its continuous pumping, and thereby no pulsation
- there being no damage to the pump if the discharge valve
gets closed during pumping
.10 lists drawbacks of using a centrifugal pump as a cargo pump

as:
- the difficulty of constructing a pump with a high differential

pressure per stage
- its having high efficiency only within a limited field
- its normally not being self-priming
- the backflow through the pump when it stops
- the difficulty of pumping high-viscosity liquids
.11 states that the drawback concerning a low differential

pressure per stage may be solved by constructing pumps with
several stages
.12 states that the drawback concerning lack of self-priming may

be solved either by submerging the pump in the liquid or by
using priming equipment
.13 states that the drawback concerning backflow may be solved

by using nonreturn valves

.14 states that the drawback concerning the pumping of highly

viscous liquids may be solved by submerging the pump in the
liquid, the thereby minimizing the loss of pressure at the
pump's suction side
.15 states that deepwell pumps are commonly hydraulically driven
.16 describes, by the aid of a drawing, an open hydraulic system
.17 describes, by the aid of a drawing, an closed hydraulic system
.18 states that normally every cargo pump is supplied with a

graph describing the pump's:
- performance curve
- efficiency
- power consumption
- NPSH
.19 states that this graph is based on workshop tests
.20 explains 'total head'
.21 explains the benefits of showing the pump's capacity as a

function of total head
.22 explains 'design point'
.23 explains 'NPSH'
.24 explains 'cavitation'
.25 explains the curves listed under objective 6.4.18 and their
relationship
.26 describes the effects of cavitation
.27 explains how a combined pump characteristic is constructed

when running pumps in parallel that have the same suction
and discharge condition
.28 explains the dangers connected with running two or more

pumps in parallel if the characteristics or speeds are not
exactly the same
.29 states that the actual discharge rate depends on:
- the pressure in the shore tank

- the static back-pressure
- the dynamic back-pressure
.30 explains 'static back-pressure'
.31 explains 'dynamic back-pressure'
.32 explains factors having influence on dynamic back-pressure
.33 describes methods of automatic control and protection of

cargo pumps
.34 describes correct and safe handling of a deepwell pump
.35 describes, with the aid of a drawing, a stripping arrangement

using an eductor

.36 describes, with the aid of a drawing, a stripping arrangement

using a deepwell pump designed for stripping
6.5 Efficient stripping (1.5 hours) A2-Fig.

6.16A to
Requirements for new ships 6.16C
.1 describes what the pumping and stripping system must be R6-Reg. 5A
capable of doing when a tank is certified to carry:
- category A substances
- category 8 substances
- category C substances
- category D substances
.2 describes the test for verifying whether tanks can carry R6-App. A
substances of category 8 and of category C
.3 lists parameters which may influence the result of the test

referred to under objective 6.5.2
.4 explains why subsequent unloading and stripping operations

must take account of those parameters
.5 explains the effects of the viscosity and melting point of a

product on the effectiveness of the stripping system
.6 states at which viscosities the stripping system is not R6

considered to be efficient enough for substances of category
8 and C, both outside and within special areas
.7 explains the relationship between the melting point of a R6

substance, its unloading temperature and the possibility of
efficient stripping
.8 with the aid of drawings, explains the operating principles of

efficient stripping systems:
- using compressed gas

- not using compressed gas
.9 lists examples of ships carrying substances of category 8 and R6-Reg. 5A

C which do not need to be fitted with an efficient stripping
system
R4-Ch. 7 A2-Fig.
6.6 Cargo heating systems (0.5 hour) 6.17 A &
6.178
.1 states that some cargoes, having a high melting point, must
be heated to prevent them from solidifying
.2 states that the heating medium may be steam, water or

thermal oils
.3 describes, with the aid of a drawing, a cargo heating system

that uses heating coils fitted inside the cargo tanks

.4 describes, with the aid of a drawing, a cargo heating system

that uses a heat exchanger placed outside the cargo tank
.5 describes, generally, the IMO requirements concerning cargo

heating systems
A2-Fig. 6.18,
6.7 Tank-washing and slops-retaining systems 6.19
(0.5 hour)
.1 states that the type of cleaning system on chemical tankers
depends on the ship's cargo and its trade
.2 states that a sophisticated cleaning system commonly

consists of the following main components:
- tank cleaning pump

- tank cleaning heat exchanger
- tank-washing machines
- water distribution pipeline
.3 states that the tank cleaning heat exchanger and the tank
cleaning pump must be of approximately the same capacity
.4 states that the tank-washing machines are either portable or

fixed
.5 describes a tank-washing and slops-retaining system
.6 describes, with the aid of a drawing, the construction of a

tank-washing machine
6.8 Inert gas systems (0.5 hour) A2-Fig.

6.20-6.22
.1 defines 'inert gas' and lists, generally, the requirements of R4-Ch. 9 AS
IMO concerning environmental control
.2 states that inert gas is used in cargo tanks:
- to protect the cargo from polymerization, oxidation and

humidity
- to replace air, thereby preventing fire and explosion
.3 describes different methods of producing and supplying inert

gas
.4 explains why nitrogen is used instead of inert gas
R4-Ch.10, A2-Fig. 6.23
6.9 Instrumentation (0.5 hour) Ch. 13 &
Sec. 15.19
.1 states that electrical installations on chemical tankers that
carry flammable products should be such as to minimize the
risk of fire and explosions
.2 describes the different types of electrical equipment approved

for operation in gas-hazardous locations

.3 states that cargo tanks should be fitted with one of the

following types of gauging device:
- open
- restricted
- closed
.4 describes the operating principle of the most common level

gauges
.5 states that open gauging and restricted gauging is allowed

only where:
- open venting is allowed by the Bulk Chemical Codes or

- means are provided for relieving tank pressure before the
gauge is operated
.6 states that:
- some hazardous cargoes require high-level alarms

independent of the gauging devices referred to under
objective 6.9.3
- high-level alarms indicate when the liquid level in the
cargo tank approaches the normal full position
.7 states that the high-level alarm should be capable of being

tested prior to loading
.8 states that:
- some hazardous cargoes require a tank overflow control

system
- tank overflow control systems come into operation when
normal procedures fail to stop the liquid exceeding the
normal full condition
.9 states that the high-level indicator used in the tank overflow

control system should be independent of the devices referred
to under objectives 6.9.3 and 6.9.6
.10 states that ships carrying toxic or flammable products, or

both, should be equipped with at least two instruments
designed and calibrated for testing for the specific vapours in
question
.11 states that vapour-detection instruments may be portable or

fixed

7 Safety and Pollution Prevention (9 hours) STCW Code 810 A1-Sec.7

Sec. A-V/1 812
pa.19,20
R4-Sec. 81 A1-pa.7.1
7.1 Tank atmosphere evaluation (1 hour) 16.4
.1 lists information to be obtained during tank atmosphere

evaluation as:
- type of atmosphere (constituents)

- flammability
- toxicity/oxygen deficiency
- reactivity
.2 states that tank atmosphere evaluation is to be carried out:
- prior to entry of personnel into a tank

- during inerting, gas-freeing and purging operations
- to establish a gas-free condition
- as a quality control before loading
.3 states that the atmosphere in a cargo tank or enclosed space

may be dangerous due to flammability, toxicity and/or lack of
oxygen
.4 states that no personnel should enter or work in a tank or an

enclosed space unless safe working conditions are created
.5 states that it is the responsibility of the master or officer on

duty to ensure that safe working conditions are created
.6 states that tank atmosphere evaluation is essential to safe

working conditions
.7 states that, as a rule, a tank or enclosed space should not be

entered
.8 states that precautions for safe working conditions should be

observed when entry is necessary
.9 explains precautions for work in enclosed spaces
.10 explains procedures for testing of tank atmosphere with

regard to:
- oxygen content
- flammable vapours
- toxic vapours
7.2 Fire prevention and equipment (1 hour) R4-Ch. 11 81 A1-pa.7.2

R1 A2-Fig. 7.1
.1 lists the elements necessary for a fire and explains the fire
triangle
.2 explains the principles of fire prevention


.3 lists possible ignition sources and ways of excluding them

from gas-dangerous places
.4 states that ignition can occur when an ignition source with a

temperature at or above the autoignition temperature of a
cargo is introduced into the vapour phase of a flammable
cargo
.5 lists sources of emission of flammable cargo vapour as leaks

from pumps, flanges, hoses, relief valves, etc
.6 states that most ignition sources on board have a higher

temperature than the autoignition temperature for most
chemical cargoes
.7 states temperatures of common ignition sources as:
- the flame of a match, 1100·C

- electrical spark, 1100·C
- the light of a cigarette, 300 to 800·C
.8 states that the autoignition temperature of chemical cargoes

may be as low as 30·C (for phosphorus)
.9 lists methods of controlling a fire, in general, as:
- removal of oxygen
- cutting off the supply of fuel
- removing the source of heat by cooling
- inhibiting the buming process
.10 explains that some liquid chemicals have unusual properties

with regard to fire and fire-fighting compared with
hydrocarbons
.11 lists the properties referred to under objective 7.2.10
.12 states that chemical tankers are fitted with a fixed foam
system for fire-fighting that is capable of delivering foam to
the entire cargo area, Le. to the deck area as well as to any
cargo tank
.13 states that chemical tankers are fitted with a fixed fire-
extinguishing system in cargo pump-rooms
.14 states that extinguishing agents for systems referred to under

objective 7.2.13 are normally a halon or carbon dioxide, but
water or high-expansion foam may be used in certain vessels
.15 states that the fire-extinguishing media that are considered to

be suitable for specific cargoes are listed in chapter 17 of the
IBC Code
.16 describes water as a fire-fighting agent in terms of:
- it is readily available
- it is an excellent cooling agent
- it can be used in spray form against limited oil fires
- it may be used in the form of spray/fog to create a screen
for protection of fire-fighters when they are approaching a
fire

- it should not be directed as a jet into burning oils or fats

- it should not be used against fires involving cargoes that
react dangerously with water
- it should not be directed towards electrical equipment
.17 describes foam as a fire-fighting agent in terms of:
- it should be of a type suitable for fighting fires in chemicals

- it has good smothering effect on flames
- it is less effective against fires in chemicals that have a
low flashpoint
- it has limited heat-absorbing effect
- it should not come in contact with live electrical equipment
.18 describes dry chemical powder as a fire-fighting agent in

terms of:
- it has a good smothering effect on flames

- it has an inhibiting effect
- it can be used in electrical plants
- it is not toxic
- it has a low cooling effect
- it should not be used on electronic instruments, control
panels, etc .
.19 describes a halon as a fire-fighting agent in terms of:
- it has an inhibiting effect on flames

- it can be used on fires in electrical equipment and
instruments
- it should be used in conditions where it is not diffused, Le.
in enclosed spaces
- it depletes the ozone layer
.20 describes carbon dioxide as a fire-fighting agent in terms of:
- it is an excellent smothering agent

- it can be used on fires in electrical equipment and
instruments
- it should not be injected into explosive atmospheres, as it
may generate static electricity
- personnel must have left the space into which carbon
dioxide is to be injected
.21 lists the items of equipment of a fireman's outfit R1-Reg.lI-

2/17
.22 states that all fire-fighting appliances should always be kept in
good order and ready for use
.23 states that, prior to commencing cargo transfer, the ship's

fire-fighting equipment should be made ready and the
international shore connection should be at hand

81
.24 explains the importance of fire-prevention procedures, and
lists precautions with regard to:
- smoking
- electrical equipment
- tools
- flame screens
- bonding
- static electricity
- electrical storms
- autoignition
- spontaneous combustion
R4-Ch.16A 83 A1-pa.7.3
7.3 Pollution prevention (3 hours) A3-App. 3
R7
General
.1 defines pollution as inconvenience or damage, caused by
human activities, to humans, animals, plants and to our
environment as a whole by the spreading of compounds to
air, water or land
.2 states that deliberate, negligent or accidental release of

chemicals from chemical tankers each constitute a serious
source of pollution
.3 states that pollution risks from chemical tankers are

minimized through regulations for the construction and
equipment of such ships and through regulations for the
handling of noxious liquid substances and their residues
.4 gives examples of requirements which minimize pollution

risks with regard to construction and equipment as:
- construction and location of cargo tanks

- cargo pumps and pipings
- overflow controls
- vapour emission controls
.5 gives examples of requirements which minimize pollution with

regard to the handling of noxious cargoes as:
- categorization of cargoes
- stripping requirements
- tank washing requirements
- discharge requirements
- reception facilities
.6 states that pollution from cargoes can be minimized through

using correct working routines and by following the applicable
pollution regulations
.7 states that, in the event of cargo spillage, operations should

be suspended immediately and the spillage dealt with
promptly
.8 states that harbour authorities and/or shore installation and

nearby ships should be warned of any hazard in connection
with cargo spillage

.9 states that the master or duty officer in charge of any

operation involving cargo, ballast or bunkers should know the
applicable pollution regulations and ensure they are not
violated
Principles and definitions relating to the discharge of noxious R6-Art. 2(3)

liquid substances at sea
.10 defines 'discharge'
.11 lists the principles underlying the protection of the marine

environment against operational discharges of NLS as:
- reducing residues after unloading to acceptably small

quantities
- ensuring their effective mixing with seawater when such
quantities or residues are discharged into the sea
- subjecting discharges to limitations, such as a minimum
distance from the land and a minimum water depth
.12 states that the principles outlined in objective 7.3.11 are

achieved in different ways for different categories of
substances
.13 states that more stringent discharge criteria apply for special R6-Reg. 1(7)
areas
.14 defines 'special area'
.15 states that special areas include the Antarctic area, the Baltic
Sea area, Mediterranean sea area, Black Sea area, the Gulf
area, Gulf of Aden area, Red Sea area and north-west
European waters
Discharge provisions outside special areas

.16 states the discharge provisions for category A substances R6-Reg. 5
.17 states the discharge provisions for category B substances
.18 states the discharge provisions for category C substances
.19 states the discharge provisions for category D substances
Discharge provisions within special areas

.20 states the discharge provisions for category A substances
.21 states the discharge provisions for category B substances
.22 states the discharge provisions for category C substances
.23 states the discharge provisions for category D substances
Further considerations
.24 states that, compared with category A and D substances, the
discharge into the sea of category Band C residues is
complicated by the need to:
- verify that the quantity of the residue is within prescribed

limits
- ensure that the concentration of residue in the wake of the
ship does not exceed the prescribed limits

.25 explains that when, as for substances of category A, residues

of category 8 and C are reduced to small or negligible
quantities after unloading:
- the same provisions for discharge into the sea apply as for
category A residues
- no calculations are necessary to establish the quantity and
the concentration of residue in the ship's wake
.26 states the discharge provisions referred to under objective

7.3.25
.27 explains that the small or negligible quantities of residue

referred to under objective 7.3.25 can be achieved through:
- the efficient stripping of cargo tanks

- applying a prewash after unloading, with subsequent
disposal of the prewash slops to a shore installation
.28 explains the meaning of efficient stripping and prewashing
.29 states that, in order to be able to reduce the amounts of

residues, category 8 substances with a melting point of 15°C
or higher must be carried in tanks which:
- are not adjacent to the ship's shell plating

- can be heated
.30 states that residues can, under certain conditions, be

removed by ventilation
Underwater discharge outlet R6

.31 states that discharges of residues of NLS should normally be
made through an underwater discharge outlet
.32 explains why such discharges should not penetrate the ship's
boundary layer
.33 explains the measures to be taken to ensure that discharges

do not penetrate the ship's boundary layer
.34 explains the detrimental effects which residues within the

boundary layer can have for the ship's inlet openings and
what operational precautions can be taken
R4-Ch. 13 & 81 A1-pa.7.4
7.4 Protection and safety equipment (3.5 hours) 14
.1 states that the requirements for and the standard of protection

and safety equipment are laid down by international and
national regulations
.2 states that all protection and safety equipment should be

regularly inspected and kept ready for immediate use
.3 states that regulations call for regular training and drills in the
use of safety equipment
.4 lists equipment required on chemical tankers for gas

measurements
49
Knowledge, understanding and proficiency 'MO Textbooks, Teaching

.5 explains the function and demonstrates the calibration of gas-

measuring equipment
.6 acting as a member of a group, carries out evaluation of a

simulated tank atmosphere with regard to:
- oxygen content
- flammability
- toxicity
.7 lists the items constituting protection equipment of crew

members engaged in cargo operations
.8 lists the respiratory and eye protection needed for the

purpose of an emergency escape
.9 explains the different types of respiratory protection filters and

demonstrates their use
.10 explains self-contained breathing apparatus and

demonstrates their use
.11 lists the parts in the complete set of safety equipment
.12 explains the use, storage and maintenance of safety

equipment and of protective equipment
.13 states that decontamination showers and eyewash should be

kept operable at all times and at all ambient conditions
.14 explain the medical first-aid equipment for chemical tankers
.15 acts as a member of a group and carries out team exercises

using:
- tank and pump-room evacuation equipment

- first-aid and resuscitation equipment
7.5 Precautions concerning repair and R2 81,82 A1-pa.7.5

maintenance (0.5 hour) A4
.1 states that Cold Work, Hot Work, Enclosed Space Entry,

Electrical Isolation and other permits should be obtained
before work commences
.2 states work on pipelines, valves or pumps should only be

permitted when item is:
- detached from the system by cold work

- remaining system is blanked off
- item is cleaned and gas freed
.3 states that great care should be taken due to possible

remaining cargo residues
.4 states that work on control systems may affect safe cargo

handling procedures
50

STCW Code A 1-Sec.8

8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations Sec. A-V/1
(9.5 hours) pa. 18, 19
8.1 General (0.5 hour) R4-Ch. 16 B1 A1-pa.8.1
.1 states that the master, or a qualified officer appointed by him,

is responsible for the safety of the vessel and all cargo and
ballast operations
.2 states that the officer responsible for cargo and ballast

operations should be familiar with the arrangement of tanks,
lines and pumps and should supervise all operations
.3 states that the responsible officer should be present at all

times during operations
.4 states the importance of function tests of all equipment in the

cargo system prior to any cargo operations
.5 states that details of emergency procedures for each cargo

being handled should be available to all concerned
.6 states that equipment for personal protection should be used

when handling dangerous cargoes
.7 states that safety and first-aid equipment should be ready for

immediate use
.8 states that all cargo and ballast operations must be done in

accordance with regulations
.9 states that the master should ensure proper liaison between

ship and terminal prior to and during cargo-transfer
operations
.10 states that all cargo or ballast operations should be recorded

in the ship's log
.11 states that all cargo or ballast operations involving R6-Annex II

substances in categories A, B, C and D are also to be
recorded in the Cargo Record Book
.12 states that the provisions of Annex II of MARPOL with respect

to unloading, stripping, prewashing and ballast operations in
relation to NLS must be complied with
.13 explains that compliance with Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 is

ensured by complying with the ship's Procedures and
Arrangements Manual
51

8.2 Cargo planning (3 hours) B3 A1-pa.8.2

B4 A2-Fig. 8.1
.1 states that thorough cargo planning is essential to safe and B15
correct cargo handling
.2 lists main points in cargo planning as:
- cargo requirements
- cargo compatibility
- resistance list of tank materiaVcoating
- tank cleanliness
- tank capacity
- cargo handling
- loading rotation
- discharging rotation
.3 given the names of some common chemicals to be loaded,

identifies the minimum requirements set out in chapter 17 of
the IBC Code
.4 identifies the physical and chemical properties of the cargoes

named in objective 8.2.3 by using the Cargo Data Sheets or
CFR46-150
.5 with the aid of a cargo compatibility chart, determines whether

or not a cargo can be loaded adjacent to another cargo
.6 with the aid of a Tank Lining Guide, determines which type of

tank material or coating the different cargoes require
.7 explains, generally, the requirements for tank cleanliness prior

to loading of some common cargoes
.8 explains cargo-handling procedures such as:
- heating
- padding
- blanketing
.9 states that heated cargoes should not be loaded adjacent to

polymerizable or inhibited cargoes
.10 states that heated cargoes should not be loaded adjacent to

highly volatile cargoes
.11 states that toxic cargoes should not be stowed adjacent to

edible cargoes
8.3 Procedures for loading and preparations for R4-Ch.16 B1 A1-pa.8.3

loading (1 hour)
.1 states that any cargo to be loaded should be indicated in the
shipping documents by the correct technical name

.2 states that cargo information giving the necessary data for its
safe carriage should be on board and available to all
concemed
.3 lists, in general terms, the information required for the safe

carriage of liquid chemicals
.4 states that the cargo should be refused if sufficient cargo

information is not available
.5 states that the Bulk Chemical Codes provide operational

requirements for cargoes covered by them
.6 lists general precautions to be taken prior to loading
.7 states that the loading operations should be preplanned and

the cargoes should be stowed according to a stowage plan
prepared before loading
.8 explains:
- 'loading over the top'

- 'drop line loading'
- 'loading through pump-room'
.9 states that cargoes which are flammable or produce harmful

vapours should not be loaded over the top
.10 lists precautions prior to loading over the top
.11 states that the atmosphere in cargo tanks and, in some

cases, in the spaces surrounding cargo tanks may require
special attention prior to loading
.12 explains: R4-pa. 9.1.2
- inerting
- padding
- drying
.13 explains the need for taking cargo samples and explains
general procedures for sampling a cargo in loading ports in
terms of:
- a manifold sample
- a tank sample when the liquid level is approximately 30
em
- a tank sample when the loading has been completed
.14 explains how cargo samples should be handled and stowed
.15 states that harmful cargo vapours displaced from tanks during
loading should be vented to atmosphere through the vent
system and that tank hatches should be closed
.16 states that local regulations may require cargo vapours to be

returned to shore through a 'vapour return line'
.17 lists general precautions to be taken during the loading B1

operation

.18 lists general precautions to be taken during lightening

operations
.19 lists general precautions to be taken after loading has been

completed
8.4 Cargo measurement and calculation A1-pa.8.4

(1.5 hours) R4-Ch. 16 A2-Fig. 8.1
.1 states that the quantity of a cargo required to be carried in a

type 1 ship should not exceed 1250 m3 in anyone tank
.2 states that the quantity of a cargo required to be carried in a

type 2 ship should not exceed 3000 m3 in anyone tank
.3 states that cargo tanks should e so loaded as to avoid the

tank becoming liquid-full during the voyage, having due
regard to the highest temperature that the cargo may reach
.4 explains that the Codes provide for special requirements for R4-Sect.
the maximum tank filling limits for cargoes with a vapour 15.14
pressure greater than 1.013 bar absolute at 37.8°C
.5 defines 'sounding' and 'ullage'
.6 lists units used in the International System of Units and

defines:
- volume
- density
- mass
.7 defines:
- specific gravity
- litre weight
- weight in air
- weight in vacuum
.8 explains other units of measurement that are commonly used

in cargo calculations
.9 with the aid of the ullage tables of a certain tanker and the
API-IP-ASTM tables, corrects measurements of liquid level
(ullage) and calculates cargo quantity (mass) in metric tons,
given:
- type of cargo
- tank gauge reading
- cargo temperature
- cargo liquid density at 15°C
.10 demonstrates use of the density correction factor
.11 converts mass to 'weight in air'
.12 fills in a cargo report


8.5 Cargo conditioning during transport (0.5 hour) 81 A1-pa.8.5

84 A2.- Fig. 8.2
.1 states that the term 'cargo conditioning' refers to the following
general requirements of the trade:
- the cargo quantity is maintained without undue losses

during passage
- the quality of the cargo is kept unchanged
- the cargo temperature is maintained or changed as
required and according to the shipper's instructions
- inerting, padding or drying conditions are maintained as
required
.2 explains, in general terms, how the requirements listed in

objective 8.5.1 may be covered by a vessel's personnel
.3 explains, in general terms, the transport requirements for

vegetable and animal oils and fats
8.6 Unloading plan and procedures (0.5 hour) 81 A1-pa.8.6
.1 states that unloading operations should be preplanned and

the different cargo parcels discharged according to the plan
.2 lists general precautions prior to unloading
.3 states that all pumps, valves and instrumentation should be

function tested prior to unloading
.4 explains how drying or inerting requirements for the tank

atmosphere are dealt with during unloading
.5 explains the need for taking cargo samples and explains the
general procedure for sampling a cargo in the unloading port
in terms of:
- taking a tank sample prior to unloading

- taking a manifold sample when unloading commences
.6 lists general precautions during unloading
.7 states that the vessel should be unloaded so that its trim

enables the best possible drainage of cargo tanks
.8 states that for cargoes that have a high vapour pressure it

may be necessary to assist the unloading and drainage by
pressurizing the cargo tank
.9 states that, when pressurizing is done, the tank pressure must

be carefully monitored and must not exceed the design
pressure

.10 states that the means of pressu rization depends on the

properties of the cargo, such as its:
- flammability
- reactivity
.11 lists precautions after unloading is completed
8.7 Unloading, stripping and prewash operations

with NLS (2 hours)
Category A substances R6-Reg. 8 A1- pa. 8.7
.1 describes the procedures required after the completion of R6-Ch. 4 & 9
unloading a tank containing category A substances
.2 describes the procedures after unloading if measurement of

the concentration of residue in the tank washing effluent is not
practicable
.3 lists the conditions for exemption from the above procedures

for substances which are not suitable for ventilation
procedures
.4 states that, after application of the washing procedures

referred to under objectives 8.7.1 and 8.7.2, a tank may be
further washed or ballasted
.5 describes under what conditions the subsequent wash water

or ballast from a tank may be discharged into the sea
.6 describes under what conditions an exempted tank, referred

to under objective 8.7.3, may be ballasted or washed
.7 describes the different in procedures when the ship unloads

within a special area
Category B substances R6-Reg. 8

.8 defines:
- high-viscosity substance R6
- solidifying substance R6
.9 describes the procedures required after completion of

unloading a tank of low-viscosity non-solidifying substances of
category B
.10 describes the procedures required after completion of

unloading a tank of high-viscosity or solidifying substances of
category B
.11 lists the conditions for exemption from the procedures

referred to under objective 8.7.10 for substances which are
not suitable for ventilation procedures
.12 states that, after application of the procedures referred to

under objectives 8.7.9 and 8.7.10, a tank may be further
washed or ballasted



to under objective 8.7.11. may be washed or ballasted
.15 describes the difference in procedures when the ship unloads

Category C substances R6-Reg. 8

.16 defines: R6
- high viscosity substance R6

• outside special areas
• within special areas
- solidifying substance R6
.17 describes the procedures required atter completion of

unloading a tank of low-viscosity non-solidifying substances of
category C
.18 describes the procedures required atter completion of

unloading a tank of high-viscosity or solidifying substances of
category C
.19 lists the conditions for exemption from the procedures

referred to under objective 8.7.18 for substances which are
not suitable for ventilation procedures
.20 states that, atter application of the procedures referred to

under objectives 8.7.17 and 8.7.18, a tank may be further
washed or ballasted


to under objective 8.7.19, may be washed or ballasted
.23 describes the difference in procedures when the ship unloads

Category D substances R6-Reg. 8

.24 describes the procedures required atter the completion of
unloading substances of category D
Ballast containing not more than 1 ppm of residue of a

substance of category B or C R6
.25 explains when ballast water may be expected to contain no
more than 1 ppm of residue
.26 describes under what conditions ballast water that contains 1

ppm of residue may be discharged into the sea

R4-Sec. 3.5 B1 A 1-pa. 8.8

8.8 Ballasting and deballasting (0.5 hour)
.1 states that the ship should at all times during loading and
unloading operations be stable and in good trim, to allow for
an emergency departure if necessary
.2 states that the stability of most chemical tankers is good in

normal conditions, due to the large number of relatively small
cargo tanks
.3 states that chemical tankers may have to undertake ballasting

or deballasting during cargo operations to obtain adequate
trim and prevent undue list
.4 states that chemical tankers may be equipped with

segregated ballast tanks (SBT)
.5 states that lines, pumps and equipment serving SBT are

independent of similar equipment serving cargo tanks
.6 states that cargo tanks may be used for ballast and lists
general precautions that should be taken when ballasting a
cargo tank
.7 states that the ballasting or deballasting of cargo tanks after

they have contained a NLS should be done in accordance
with the ship's P & A Manual, thereby ensuring compliance
with Annex II of MAR POL 73/78
.8 states that the responsible officer should see to it that the

distribution of cargo and ballast at no time creates excessive
stress on the ship's hull
.9 explains why stability problems may occur in chemical tankers

with U-shaped ballast tanks and/or with tweendeck ballast
tanks
.9 explains, generally, the effect of free surface in cargo tanks

and ballast tanks
.10 states that ballast operations in port should be in compliance

with local regulations
9 Tank-cleaning Operations (6.5 hours) STCW Code A1-Sec.9

Sec. A-V/1
pa. 19
B1 A1-pa.9.1
9.1 General (0.5 hour) B4
.1 states that, on chemical tankers, gas-freeing and tank
cleaning may take place concurrently with cargo operations
.2 states that tank-cleaning, gas-freeing and slops-handling

operations should be preplanned and done in accordance
with prevailing safety regulations and pollution regulations
.3 explains the necessity of adequate shore reception facilities

for tank washings

.4 states that a responsible officer who is familiar with the

arrangement of tanks, lines and pumps, must supervise all
tank-cleaning and gas-freeing operations
.5 states that the officer of the watch should be fully informed

and familiar with the preplanned work programme

ship and terminal prior to and during operations
.7 states that tank cleaning in chemical tankers may be carried

out in the following atmospheres:
- undefined
- too rich
- too lean
- inerted
.8 explains the atmosphere referred to under objective 9.1.7 and

lists general precautions for tank cleaning in port and at sea
9.2 Tank-cleaning procedures and disposal of 84 A1-pa.9.2

slops (4 hours)
General
.1 lists reasons for tank cleaning as:
- rules and regulations

- requirements of tank cleanliness for cargo to be loaded
- ballasting of cargo tanks
- maintenance of cargo tanks and equipment
- safe entry of personnel into tanks and repairs
.2 states that, for tank-cleaning operations involving NLS, the

ship's P & A Manual must be consulted
.3 lists important factors to be considered in the planning of a

tank-cleaning programme as:
- what was the last product carried?

- what is the next product to be carried?
- do the washings require shore reception facilities?
- in port, what are local regulations?
- what other environmental aspects must be considered?
.4 states that cargo tanks should be properly drained prior to

their cleaning
.5 explains measures to be taken to achieve the best possible

drainage
.6 explains phases in a tank-cleaning operation as:
- prewash
- main wash
- fresh water rinse
- gas-freeing
- drying
- inspectionltesting

.7 states that, for some noxious cargoes, pollution regulations R6

call for either prewashing or efficient stripping
.8 states that the requirements for cleanliness of a cargo tank to

ensure there is no contamination of the cargo vary with the
product
.9 states that washing procedures for meeting the required 89

degree of cleanliness are described in different Tank
Cleaning Guides, which should be available on board
.10 states that most cleaning operations can be carried out by

water washing only
.11 states that detergents are added to the washing water in

some cases
.12 states that cargo tanks containing residues that react with
water are washed with other liquids, Le. solvents
.13 states that the resistance lists for tank coating should be
consulted in connection with tank cleaning with regard to
chemical resistance and temperature
.14 with the aid of a Tank Cleaning Guide, sets up a plan for the 89
cleaning of cargo tank, given:
- the cargo to be cleaned from (last cargo)

- the cargo to be cleaned for (next cargo)
- the tank material/coating
Prewash operations R6
.15 describes:
- what a prewash is
- what it is meant to achieve
- how it is done
.16 describes which products necessitate a prewash
.17 states that a prewash is an alternative procedure for

complying with the discharge provisions of substances in
category A
.18 states that prewash requirements stipulate:
- the number of washing machines to be used

- the duration of the wash, related to the cycles of the
washing machines
- the temperature of the washing water
.19 states that the duration of the prewash only applies when
slops are continuously pumped out
.20 describes how the inability to pump continuously affects the

duration of the prewash
.21 describes how the properties of a product affect the prewash
.22 describes when hot water must be used for prewashing


.23 states that, normally, a prewash must be carried out in the

unloading port
.24 lists exceptions to that rule R6-Reg. 8
.25 explains when prewash slops may be taken to sea for

discharge
.26 explains that prewashing constitutes a measure aimed at the

protection of the marine environment and is unrelated to
commercial considerations such as the cleaning of a product
out of tanks
.27 states that certain products cannot be washed with water, due
to reaction hazards
Ventilation procedures
.28 explains how the removal of residues by ventilation simplifies
tank cleaning
.29 states the requirements for products which may be removed R6

by ventilation
.30 states that:
- the resulting air pollution may be objected to by port

authorities
- vapours released may pose dangers to human health
.31 describes the equipment required for ventilation
.32 describes ventilation procedures
Flow diagrams R6 A2-Fig. 9.1-

.33 with the aid of a flow diagram and a table of Cleaning and 9.4
Disposal Procedures (COP), determines the correct cleaning
procedure for a tank equipped for efficient stripping and that
has carried a NLS, given:
- the name of the product

- IBC Code
- the temperature
- whether the ship is inside/outside a special area
.34 with the aid of a flow diagram and a table of Slops Disposal
Procedures (SOP), determines the correct procedure for
disposal of NLS slops, given:
- the name of the constituent substances

- IBC Code
- their unloading temperatures
- that the ship is fitted or not fitted for efficient stripping
- whether the ship is inside/outside a special area

9.3 Gas-freeing of cargo tanks (0.5 hour) 81 A 1-pa. 9.3
.1 states that the purpose of gas-freeing is to replace cargo

vapours, inert gas or any other gas with air
.2 states that a responsible officer who is familiar with the

vessel's system for gas-freeing should supervise the gas-
freeing operation
.3 explains equipment to be used for gas-freeing, such as:
- fixed fans
- portable fans
- ejectors
- wind sails
.4 states that, depending on the previous cargo and its

cleanliness, a tank may be made gas-free by filling it
completely with water and emptying it
.5 explains different ventilation methods with regard to the type

of equipment, the weight of cargo vapours and the shape of a
tank
.6 lists general precautions when gas-freeing cargo tanks that

contain flammable vapours
.7 lists general precautions when gas-freeing cargo tanks that

contain toxic gases
.8 states that the effectiveness of a gas-freeing operation should

be verified by regular checks of the tank atmosphere
.9 explains how checks, as referred to under objective 9.3.8, are

carried out
.10 describes, with the aid of flammability diagram a gas-freeing

operation by ventilation with air of a tank:
- containing a mixture of cargo vapour and air

- containing a mixture of cargo vapour and inert gas
.11 explains the atmosphere requirements for a cargo tank that is

to be declared gas-free
84 A 1-pa. 9.4
9.4 Tests for cleanliness (1.5 hours)
.1 states that many cargoes in chemical tankers require a high
degree of tank cleanliness for quality reasons
.2 states that a cargo tank is always inspected for cleanliness

and general suitability prior to loading
.3 states that inspections referred to under objective 9.4.2 may

include chemical tests of the tank surface

.4 states that tests of a cargo tank are carried out by

independent surveyors who are accepted by shippers,
receivers and owners
.5 states that a 'Clean Certificate' will be issued by the surveyor

for a tank accepted for a cargo
.6 states that, prior to a surveyor's inspection and tests, ship's

officers should carry out tests for cleanliness which can be
carried out on board
.7 explains that simple tests by ship's officers may ensure the

best possible tank cleaning prior to arrival in the loading port
A3-App. 5
.8 demonstrates a test for contamination by hydrocarbons
A3-App. 5
.9 demonstrates a test for contamination by chloride
A1-Sec.10
STCW Code 81
10 Ship/Shore Interface (1.5 hours) Sec. A-V/1
pa. 19
85
10.1 Liaison with terminals (1 hour) 86
.1 states that safe operation alongside a terminal is based on

safety regulations, good communication and a best possible
co-operation between ship and terminal
.2 states that ship and terminal have a mutual duty to give the
necessary information and to prepare for berthing
.3 lists the information to be made available by a terminal in the

case of loading and/or unloading
.4 lists the information to be made available by a ship in the

case of loading and/or unloading
.5 states that the responsibility for correct and safe operation in

port is divided between the master, the port captain and the
terminal manager

the ship and the terminal
.7 states that, prior to any loading or discharge operation, a pre-

cargo-transfer meeting should be held between the
responsible personnel from the ship and the terminal
.8 describes, in general terms, the subjects to be discussed in a

pre-cargo-transfer meeting
.9 states that a ship/shore safety checklist should be completed

jointly by the responsible personnel on board and on the
terminal
.10 describes, in general terms the checklist and explains the

reason for and the relevance of the items on the list
.11 lists safety precautions and procedures for personnel on

watch prior to and during cargo-transfer operations

10.2 Shore reception facilities (0.5 hour)

.1 explain when shore reception facilities may have to be used
other than to dispose of prewash slops
.2 states that most ports require:
- advance notification for disposal of NLS wastes

- full and correct information on the nature of the NLS
- disposal to appointed facilities only
.3 explains, that from the port authorities' point of view, the

reception of NLS:
- could involve fire and incompatibility hazards

- involves pollution hazards
- creates problems of disposal
.4 states that customs formalities may have to be completed

when NLS waste is disposed of
.5 lists possible problems that might be encountered with

respect to the discharge to reception facilities as:
- no facilities being available

- insufficient capacity being available
- excessive disposal time, due to pumping restrictions,
waiting time, need for shifting ship, stoppages, etc.
- unreasonably high cost
.6 describes the above factors as resulting in inadequacy
.7 states the need for reporting inadequacies to the port

authority and to flag State authorities
STCW Code 81 A 1-Sec. 11

11 Emergency Operations (3 hours) Sec. A-V/1 814
pa.21
11.1 Organizational structure and planning

(0.5 hour)
.1 states the need for an emergency organization and lists the

main components of the organization as:
- an emergency command centre

- an emergency party
- a back-up emergency party
- an engineer's group
.2 states that the ship's muster list an emergency instructions

should specify such details as:
- the assembly point for personnel and the basic action for
each group in the emergency organization
- the location of equipment for each group

.3 states that all personnel should know their place in the

emergency organization and be familiar with their duty in case
an emergency procedure is initiated
.4 states that emergency operations have to be pre-planned and

regularly exercised if they are to succeed
.5 states that an emergency plan should be directed to:
- rescue and treatment of casualties

- safeguarding others
- minimizing the damage to the ship, to property and to the
marine environment
- containing the incident and bringing it under control
11.2 Alarms (0.5 hour)

.1 states that fire alarm signals or general alarm signals are to
be given in case of:
- fire
- collision
- grounding
- man overboard
- major spillage of cargo liquid or release of vapour
- other emergency situations which call for emergency
actions
.2 states that a ship's muster list and emergency instructions

should specify details of the emergency alarm signals
.3 lists other important alarms as:
- cargo gas alarm

- cargo system alarm
- CO2 or halon alarm
- radio alarm
- engine-room alarm
- inert-gas alarm
11.3 Emergency procedures (2 hours)
.1 states that the ship's muster list and emergency instructions

should specify action to be taken by all crew members and
officers in case of an emergency
.2 states that emergency procedures for accidents involving

cargo spillage are given in the Cargo Data Sheets
.3 states that the practical exercises of what to do in an

emergency should be frequently carried out
.4 states that the general procedure in an emergency should be:
- alarm
- assembly
- crew check
- procedure for action
65
IMO Textbooks, Teaching

Knowledge, understanding and proficiency Reference Bibliography Aid
.5 as a member of a group simulating an emergency

organization on board, plans emergency procedures in case
of:
- fire
- collision
- grounding
- cargo leakage
- bursting of a cargo hose or pipe
- an accident in a cargo area, involving personnel
PART D: INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Part D: Instructor Manual

Introduction
The instructor manual provides guidance on the material that is to be presented during the
course.
The course material reflects the mandatory minimum requirements for the training and
qualifications of officers and ratings on chemical tankers as specified in the International
convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1995.
The material has been arranged according to the Code Part A and covers the following topics
under 11 main headings:
1 Introduction
2 Chemistry and Physics
3 Hazards
4 Rules and Regulations
5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment
6 Cargo-handling Systems
7 Safety and Pollution Prevention
8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations
9 Tank-cleaning Operations
10 Ship/Shore Interface
11 Emergency Operations
The books used as references throughout the course are:
B1 Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals), out of date but a new edition is planned in 1999
B2 International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
B3 Chemical/Parcel Tankers
B4 Sea Transport of Liquid Chemicals in Bulk
R2 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers, 1978, as amended 1995
R4 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk
R5 Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving Dangerous Goods
R6 MARPOL 73n8 (Consolidated edition, 1997)
The course outline and course timetable provide guidance on the time allocation for the course
material, but the instructor is free to modify this if necessary, depending on the experience and
needs of the officers. The detailed teaching syllabus must be studied carefully and lesson
plans and lecture notes compiled where appropriate.
67
Preparation is essential if the course is to be effective and successful. The diagrams provided
in appendix 1 give examples of the kind of back-up material that will be useful as overhead
projector slides and trainee handouts.
Throughout the course it is important to stress that rules and regulations must be observed
strictly on board ship and that all precautions must be taken to maximize safety and minimize
the environmental impact.
A worked example of a simulator-based training exercise is included in Appendix 6. This
illustrates a format that may be used when setting up exercises to supplement this course.
Furthermore, this kind of description may be useful in the newly required quality standards
systems which will have to be introduced at training institutes according to STCW 95.
68
Guidance Notes
1 Introduction 3 hours
This section covers an introduction to the course and explains generally the cargoes in
chemical tankers, the development of chemical industries, sources of chemicals and the
general use of some common products.
1.1 The course
This is a brief explanation of the course, its background and its purpose. It should include a
presentation of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1995 (STCW 1995), and the mandatory minimum requirements
for training that are set out in the Convention should be explained and discussed.
Regulation V 11-2.2 of STCW 1995 (reference R2) provides the necessary text on which to base
the lesson.
A block diagram (as found in the annex to this course) could be used for giving the trainees
a general view of the requirements for training and qualifications of personnel on chemical
tankers.
A lesson plan, with a list of topics, should be presented at the end of this lecture to give the
trainees a view of the course content and its objectives.
During the course, chemical tanker terminology should be used and, when necessary,
explained. The trainees should also be issued with a 'dictionary of terms' for their own
reference. A list of trade terms and definitions, such as that of reference 81, can be used for
this purpose.
1.2 Cargoes in chemical tankers
The objective of this lesson is to give the trainees a general introduction to the large number
of cargoes to be carried. The fact that a considerable number of the cargoes in chemical
tankers are not chemicals should also be pointed out.
The lecture should also explain how cargoes in the 'chemical market' may be grouped, and
each group of cargoes should be discussed.
1.3 Production and use of liquid chemicals
This lecture should aim at giving a general understanding of how chemicals, and thus the
cargoes in chemical tankers, are a part of our everyday life. It should explain briefly the birth
and development of chemical industries and explain how the most common chemical
substances are produced, and what their general uses are.
2 Chemistry and Physics 6 hours
This section covers the elementary chemistry and physics of cargoes. Most of the lecture time
under this section should be devoted to organic chemistry.
The subjects should be explained in simple terms, and drawings/diagrams should be used for
simplifying a rather complex topic.
2.1 Physical properties of cargoes
The lecture should explain the physical terms with which the trainees must be familiar in order
to read and to make use of the physical data given in the Cargo Data Sheets for a particular
car~o.
2.2 Chemistry of cargoes
The purpose of this lecture is to familiarize the trainees with the basic chemical properties of
the different cargoes and/or groups of cargoes on chemical tankers. The instructor should
start with a description of atoms and explain the periodic system and the periodic table. A
chemical reaction and the forming of simple molecules should then be explained, using the
most common hydrocarbon molecules as examples. The differences between the molecules
of saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons and those of other common chemical
compounds should be explained.
All chemical compounds belong to a 'chemical family group'. The following 'chemical families'
should be presented and explained, as a chemical cargo will belong to one of them:
Acid (organic)
Acid (inorganic)
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Alkalis
Amines
Esters
Ethers
Glycols
Glycol ethers
Halogenated compounds
Halogens
Hydrocarbons
Ketones
Nitriles
Phenols
Chemical reaction and ways of preventing it should be explained with a view to the different
molecular structures, and references should be made to the ICS or other Cargo Data Sheets
for common cargoes.
2.3 Laboratory theory
This lecture should focus mostly on cargo sampling and on the chemical and physical analysis
of the samples. The most common and simple methods of testing cargo tanks for cleanliness
and general suitability for a cargo should be discussed, with emphasis being given to tests
which can be done by ship's personnel. See Appendix 5.
3 Hazards 4 hours
This section of the course deals with the hazards of gases generated by liquid chemical
cargoes in respect of health, pollution, reactivity and flammability.
3.1 Health hazards
During this lecture the trainees should be introduced to the health hazards of cargoes in
chemical tankers. The health hazard criteria as defined in the Bulk Chemical Codes could be
used as a base for the lecture.
After the lecture, trainees should be able to understand the health data given in the ICS or
other Cargo Data Sheets for most common cargoes and should be familiar with the medical
terms used.
The ways by which chemicals and their vapours may be toxic should be explained, and acute
and chronic effects following exposure to toxic cargoes should be elucidated.
Inhibitors are commonly used on chemical tankers. These substances have toxic properties
that should be focused upon in this connection. Also, it should be explained that combustion
or fire may produce toxic gases and that poisonous fumes may be emitted from burning
cargoes or other materials.
The lectu re should also cover the hazards of oxygen deficiency caused by the presence of gas
in enclosed spaces.
The fact that some cargoes in chemical tankers may cause a severe environmental hazard if
released to the sea, to land or to the air should be the base of this lecture.
One should focus upon how environmental pollution from chemical tankers may occur and the
damage such occurrences may lead to.
The criteria of water, sea and air pollution as defined by the Codes should be explained and
discussed.
This lecture deals with the reactivity of chemical cargoes. The trainees should be made
familiar with the different ways in which cargoes can react and how such reactions are avoided.
71
The 'reactivity with' column of the ICS or other Cargo Data Sheets, or CFR46-150 (reference
81, 815) should be referred to during this lecture in order to relate the aspects of reactivity to
common cargoes carried in chemical tankers.
Most cargoes in chemical tankers are flammable and their vapours may therefore form
flammable mixtures. This fact should be the basis of this lecture, and the trainees should be
given a thorough explanation of the aspects of flammability and explosion.
The main object of the lesson is that the trainees should be able to fully understand the fire
and explosion data given for any common cargo, and be able to use these data for the safe
handling of cargoes and their vapours.
4 Rules and Regulations 6 hours
This section introduces the trainees to the international and national rules and regulations
affecting chemical shipping. Institutes implementing this course should introduce their national
requirements and regulations as necessary. Annex VI of MARPOL is not yet in force (199B).
4.1 International and national codes and regulations
This lesson should include a presentation of international requirements and regulations and
related national rules.
References R1, R2, RS, R4 and R6 should be made available to the trainees for this lecture.
4.2 Bulk Chemical Codes
The purpose of this lesson is to familiarize the trainees with the IMO 8ulk Chemical Codes,
particularly their purpose, philosophy, layout and application. Related national codes and
regulations should also be presented.
4.3 Annex II of MARPOL 73nS
This lecture introduces Annex II of MARPOL 7SnB. The lecture should explain the principles
underlying the protection of the marine environment, how noxious liquid substances are
identified and the methods that are used to determine categories and ship type requirements.
The section also deals with MARPOL certification and with the books required on board under
that certification.
Principles
Explain that, although the regulations of Annex II look complex, the underlying principles are
easily understood. The presentation of the material becomes more complicated when the wide
variety of tankers - and, consequentially, of pumping and piping systems - are introduced into
the discussion. Pumping and piping systems, for instance, vary from the rather uncomplicated
systems of product tankers to the highly sophisticated systems now found on chemical parcel
tankers. The need to cater for existing ships and trades is a further complicating factor.
Finally, there is the problem arising from the narrow and somewhat arbitrary dividing line
between oil and noxious liquid substances: a number of Annex II substances have been
historically treated as oil products but are now classified as a NLS.
Division of substances
The division of chemicals into groups can easily become confusing. For some time there has
already been the division into dangerous and non-dangerous chemicals (listed in chapters
VV17 and VII/18 of the BCH/IBC Codes, respectively). Now, we also have a division into NLS
and other substances (listed in the IBC Code), each of which may be dangerous and non-
dangerous. This paragraph is limited to the division into NLS and others, and the different
degrees of harmfulness.
Hazard profiles
There is no intention to make this into a chemistry course; nor are trainees meant to draw up
hazard profiles for substances. Where they have to live with Annex II and operate according
to its provisions, however, it is useful for them to know a little about the background of the lists
of substances which form the basis for their choice of operations (see also reference R6).
In this context, it is important to know that the correct technical name, rather than trade names,
should be used.
Categorization of substances and assignment of ship type

Like the previous section, this one provides background for a better understanding. Although
it is not likely that the trainees will ever have to carry out the categorization of substances or
the assigning of ship type, it is useful for them to know how such facts are established (see
also reference R6).
The result of categorization and assigning ship type is either that liquid substances carried in
bulk by ships belong to category A, B, C or D and are considered to be noxious liquid
substances orthey are included in the IBC Code and do not come under the provisions of the
Annex. At the same time, all of these substances are either dangerous or are considered not
dangerous enough to warrant inclusion in the Bulk Chemical Codes.
Noxious liquid substances in categories A, Band C may only be carried in certified chemical
tankers, Le. tankers that have been built, equipped and certified in accordance with the Codes.
All substances in categories A, Band C are therefore listed in chapter VI of the BCH Code and
in chapter 17 of the IBC Code, whether they are dangerous or not.
Substances of category D and those in Appendix III are only listed in chapters VI and 17 of the
Codes if they are dangerous.
Whether a substance has been included in the Codes for safety reasons, for pollution reasons
or both is indicated in chapters VI and 17 by the designation S, P or SIP respectively.
Updating the lists of substances

A problem associated with regulations based on a limited list of substances is that these lists
need to be continuously updated. Products are continually being developed which are not yet
included in the lists. The temptation to think that, because a substance is not listed, it cannot
be harmful must be resisted; if anything, the opposite holds true. All liquid substances carried
in bulk by ships must be evaluated and included in the IBC Code. They should also be
included in chapters VI and 17 (dangerous) or VII and 18 (non-dangerous) of the BCH and IBC
Codes, respectively. If not listed, these substances cannot be carried. In order to overcome
any problems arising from ships being put into situations where they would have to refuse
cargo, a procedure for provisional assessment has been established. Regulation 3 of Annex
II deals with this problem, and trainees should be made aware of these procedures.
Inclusion of noxious liquid substances (NLS) in the BCH/lBC Codes

All substances in category A, Band C, even if not dangerous, must be carried in chemical
tankers that have been built in accordance with the Codes. One problem with this requirement
is that it does not explain which ship type is to be used for such carriage. One solution would
have been to require a ship of type 3 to be used for NLS, regardless of whether the substance
to be carried has been assigned to category A, B or C, but this was considered as providing
insufficient protection for some NLS. Another approach would have been to require a ship of
type 1 for category A and ships of types 2 and 3 for categories Band C, respectively. Since
categorization concerns operational discharges and assignment of ship type concerns
accidents to the ship, this approach was not considered appropriate either. Assignment of ship
type has been based upon a rationale which differs from the one for categorization. The
procedure is that all substances are assigned ship type on the basis of aspects of both danger
and harmfulness, whereby the safest ship type is chosen.
Substances in category D need only be evaluated on aspects of their danger. Degree of

harmfulness to the environment alone never leads to the assignment of a ship type.
The inclusion of NLS in the codes has resulted in certain substances, which were earlier listed
in chapters VII and 18 of the Codes on the grounds of not being dangerous, being transferred
to chapters VI and 17 of the grounds of their harmfulness. A case in point is that of a number
of aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylenes). These substances were carried in oil product
tankers in large quantities, but would now require carriage in type 3 chemical tankers.
In order not to disrupt this considerable trade, it has been decided to introduce the concept of
'oil-like' substances. These are NLS which have certain defined physical properties in
common with oil and may, on environmental grounds, be treated like oil. An oil tanker which
is permitted to carry oil-like substances has a list of these substances attached to its
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate. Regulation 14 of Annex II of MARPOL
highlights this point.
Procedures and Arrangements (P & A) Manual

When, as is the case under the provisions of Annex II, ships are subject to strict requirements
with respect of complicated unloading, stripping and prewash operations in order to comply
with the discharge provisions, such requirements should be clearly set out for those
concerned. It is for this reason that ships must have on board a government-approved
Procedures and Arrangements Manual. In fact, the manual serves a number of purposes. For
details see Appendix D (reference R6).
Cargo Record Book (CRB)

Operations involving noxious liquid substances and mixtures containing them must be
recorded in the Cargo Record Book (CRB). Since one of the aims of this book is to enable
control by foreign authorities, the format of the book should be uniform for all ships, regardless
of flag, and an internationally understood language should be used. Regulation 9 of Annex
II of MARPOL stipulates that if the national language in which entries are made is neither
routine operations. The code consists of a letter denoting an activity and a figure specifying
part of that activity. This code, which, like the CRB, is uniform and forms part of the book,
usually necessitates further elaboration in the form of figures (Le. dates, quantities and tank
identification), thereby obviating as much as possible the need for written text (see also
reference 6).
Port State authorities may take copies of entries, and the master, if so requested, is required
to certify those copies as true copies. Cargo Record Books must be retained on board for at
least three years after the latest entry.
4.4 Certification and surveys
This lecture should give the trainees a general view of surveys and certification of chemical
tankers. The lecture should cover both international and national certification.
Reference R1 provides regulations covering surveys and certification of ships in general, and
reference R4 provides text on survey and certification regulations for chemical tankers.
Compliance with the construction and equipment requirements of the Codes is certified by
means of the Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. Rather
than requiring a separate certificate to show compliance with the relevant requirements of
Annex II, it has been decided to take the Certificate of Fitness one step fu rther and, in addition
to certifying compliance with the Codes, to have it certify compliance with the relevant
provisions set out in the P & A Manual. For chemical tankers, therefore, this Certificate of
Fitness certifies compliance with the Codes and with Annex II.
There are certain categories of ships which carry NLS but which do not comply with the Codes.
These include:
- liquefied gas tankers (these have a different Certificate of Fitness)

- product tankers and dry-cargo vessels provided with deep tanks (these ships may
carry the NLS that are listed in chapters VII and 18 of the Codes);
- offshore support vessels (these may carry NLS under defined conditions).
The required certification of these ships is the International Certificate for the Prevention of
Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS Certificate). These categories of ships must be
provided with a P & A Manual and a Cargo Record Book.
Reference R6 provides text, standards and certificate forms in connection with Annex II, and
should be used during this lecture.
Reference R6 provides the text of Annex II and the models of NLS Certificate and Cargo
Record Book. The same publication, contains the Standards for Procedures and
Arrangements for the Discharge of Noxious Liquid Substances, which forms the basis for the
Procedures and Arrangements Manual (P & A Manual).
5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment 2.5 hours
This section is divided into four lessons and covers construction and equipment requirements,
ship arrangement, cargo containment and ship types and survival capability.
Lectures under this section should be based on the text of the BCH and IBC Codes
(references R3 and R4). The Minimum requirements for cargoes set out in chapter VI of the
BCH Code and in Chapter 17 of the IBC Code should be explained and discussed.
Please note that Annex" of MARPOL 73na also has some requirements with respect to cargo
stowage, stripping systems and underwater discharge. These are dealt with in the appropriate
sections of the course.
6 Cargo-handling Systems 9.5 hours
The lectures under this section should cover all systems and equipment connected with cargo
handling. As with the topics under section 5, lectures under this section should also be based
on the requirements of the Bulk Chemical Codes (references R3 and R4), and parallels should
be drawn as to how these requirements are met in the systems and in the equipment of a
modern chemical tanker.
The construction and function of the different parts in a cargo-handling system should be
explained and discussed during these lectures.
Cargo tank materials and coatings represent a considerable part of the total value of a
chemical tanker. This topic is also covered under this section. Here stainless steel, clad steel
and the most common types of coating should be introduced, and the correct handling and
maintenance of the different tank materials and coatings should be discussed.
This section also introduces the provisions with respect to the stripping capability of tanks
carrying NLS of categories Band C as required under Annex" of MARPOL 73na.
Pump selection
Pumping is the removal of liquid from one point to another. This is done by adding energy to
the liquid. There are a number of different types of pump. Each type has its own special
properties and, therefore, particular benefits and drawbacks. When a pump is to be selected
for a specific job, the pump's stipulated working conditions must be thoroughly evaluated. The
following factors are important when evaluating these conditions:
- suction condition
- stipulated discharge pressure
- required capacity
- required capacity range
- required pump characteristic
- properties of the liquid that is to be pumped
- dimension requirement
- installation requirement.
On the basis of this information, the pump producer, in co-operation with the customer, will
evaluate the actual pump types suitable for the work to be done.
The different pumps are normally divided into two main groups, determined by the working
principle. Figure 6.a shows this grouping. Displacement pumps displace the liquid by
decreasing the volume of the pump. This is done when the piston inside a piston pump moves
up and down and when the screws rotate inside a screw pump. Kinetic pumps increase the
kinetic energy by increasing the velocity of the liquid. Clearly, the centrifugal pump and the
eductor have different working principles, but both are kinetic pumps. We will look more
closely at these pump types later.
Suction lift, suction head and nett positive suction head (NPSH)
If the end of a vertical pipe is submerged into cold water and the air inside the pipe is sucked
out, the water level rises inside the pipe. This is the result of the difference between the
pressure inside the pipe and the atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the pipe
is equal to the water's vapour pressure, the water starts to boil. At this point it is physically
impossible to raise the water level any more. This level is the maximum theoretical suction lift
for this specific liquid under these specific conditions.
If a pump is started at water level with a specific capacity and then gradually lifted upwards,
the flow will, at a certain level which is constant for that pump at that capacity, clearly be
interrupted before the maximum theoretical suction lift has been reach. This is because there
will always be a loss of energy within a pump and its suction pipe. The pressure at the pump
inlet is therefore lower than indicated by the water level, and the water starts to boil when the
pressure is equal to its vapour pressure. This level is the pump's permissible suction lift at this
specific capacity. The difference between the maximum theoretical suction lift and the pump's
permissible suction lift is the pump's nett positive suction head above the liquid vapour
pressure, abbreviated as NPSH. It is important to state the difference between available
NPSH and required NPSH.
The term "suction lift" is normally used when the pump's suction supply is below the pump's
centreline and the suction pressure is therefore less than atmospheric pressure. The suction
lift is always a negative suction head, measured below atmospheric pressure. The total
suction lift is the sum of the static suction lift measured to the pump's centreline and the loss
of energy, expressed in head.
The term "suction head" is normally used when the pump's suction supply is above the pump's
centreline, and the suction pressure therefore is greater than the atmospheric pressure. The
suction head is the static head on the pump suction line above the pump centreline minus the
loss of energy within the pump and its suction pipe, expressed in head.
The eductor
The eductor is a pump of simple design consisting of three main parts, the nozzle, the blend
tube and the diffusor. A propellant, either a gas or a liquid, flows through the nozzle and into
a blend tube. The velocity of the propellant will naturally increase as it passes through the
nozzle.
As a result of the propellant's velocity, direction, impulsive force and the frictional force
between the propellant and the pumped liquid, the pumped liquid is led into the blend tube.
The blend tube is connected to an expanding tube, the diffusor. Here some of the kinetic
energy supplied to the liquid in the blend tube is transformed into potential energy. The
pumping capacity for an eductor depends on the following factors:
- frictional force between propellant and pumped liquid

- suction head
- discharge head
- velocity of propellant
- frictional losses.
The benefits of an eductor are that it:
- has no moving parts

- is simple in design
- is not influenced by impurity
- is able to pump both vapour and liquid.
The eductor's main drawback is thatthe propellant is mixed with the pumped liquid. Obviously,
the propellant has to be compatible with the pumped liquid. In chemical pumping, the only
actual propellants can be the cargo, inert gas or nitrogen.
The eductor's efficiency is normally 30 to 40 per cent, and, as the efficiency of the propellant
pump is normally 70 per cent, the efficiency of the total system is very low. Consequently, the
eductor is not used as a main cargo pump on chemical tankers, but may be used for handling
slops and for tank washing.
The centrifugal pump

The main cargo pump on chemical tankers today is a centrifugal pump. The benefits of a
centrifugal pump are that it:
- has no valves
- is simple in design
- operates at high capacity if necessary (this makes the pump's size relatively small)
- generates no pulsations
- does not sustain immediate damage if the discharge valve is closed.
The drawbacks of a centrifugal pump are that it:
- is difficult to construct for low capacities

- is difficult to construct for high differential pressure per stage
- has high efficiency only at a limited range of speeds
- is normally not self-priming
- can have backflow if there is no check valve in the discharge line
- cannot easily pump high-viscosity liquids.
A centrifugal pump sets the liquid into motion by means of the impeller, and the centrifugal
force accelerates the liquid out of the impeller. The increased kinetic energy (increased
velocity) is transformed wholly or partly into potential energy. Some of the energy is lost
because of:
- frictional losses within the pump

- deflection and impulsive losses
- frictional losses at the suction side.
The total losses are proportional to the flow.

Cavitation
A centrifugal pump creates a partial vacuum at its inlet side. The pressure above the liquid
surface moves the liquid to the impeller. If the liquid's temperature is close to its boiling point,
the liquid's vapour pressure is easily reached at the pump inlet side. The liquid starts to boil
and bubbles are formed.
Further along the impeller the pressure increases and the bubbles collapse. If this occurs
when the bubbles touch the metal, the shock caused by the collapsing bubbles may be
extremely powerful. The phenomenon is called cavitation and will always interrupt the flow and
may cause damage to the impeller and to the pump housing. The effect of cavitation may be:
- damage to the impeller and housing

- noise
- vibration
- loss of efficiency.
All of these effects of cavitation are destructive and must therefore be eliminated or minimized.
Pump characteristics
The graph supplied with the centrifugal pump is developed on the basis of pumping tests with
a specific liquid at a specific temperature and density, with a specific impeller and at a specific
rate of revolution. The Q-Hcurve describes the relationship between total head and flow. The
graph is normally also supplied with curves describing the pump's power consumption,
efficiency and NPSH. The design point will be where the efficiency, the NPSH, the power
consumption and the flow give the best general result.
The total head is independent of the liquid's density, but eh differential pressure and the power
consumption will vary proportionally to the density.
When evaluating a centrifugal pump's graph, it must always be remembered that the curves
are made for a specific liquid and under specific conditions. A different density of the liquid
influences the power consumption. Changes in the number of revolutions per second displace
the Q-H curve up or down. When the criteria for the development of a pump's graph remain
unaltered, the only factors that may influence the performance curve are increased viscosity
of the liquid and reduced condition of the pump.
The viscosity of the liquid will, depending on the changes, influence the performance curve.
If the viscosity is increased by more than 4 cSt (centistokes), the total head, the flow and the
efficiency are reduced.
There are several ways of measuring a pump's condition. It is normal to measure its head,
flow and power consumption. However, several of the small alterations of work conditions
cannot be measured.
In practice, there are three main ways of checking (and thereby preventing damage to) the
pumps, which are:
- visual inspection
- periodic maintenance
- checking for vibration and noise.
Working with the graphs (Figure 6.14)

To the left, the head is given in metres as a liquid column. Head is not identical to back-
pressure but is the height of a column of the liquid being handled which would give the desired
pressure at its base. The head, therefore, is not dependent on the density of liquid being
handled. If a gauge pressure has to be converted to head, the difference between the reading
of the manometer on the pressure side and that on the suction side is converted to metres
water gauge (mwg) and then divided by the density of the liquid. For every pump speed there
will be a separate curve, mostly referred to as a Q-H curve. When the head is known it is
possible, from the Q-Hcurve, to find the quantity which the pump delivers at a certain moment.
The curve shows that a large head means a small output and vice versa, which is quite logical.
We shall now take a closer look at the curves for an actual pump.
The Q-H curve in figure 6.14 shows that the maximum head is about 130 metres liquid column
(mlc), where the output is of course zero. On the curve is shown the so-called design point,
at a head of 100 mlc, giving an output of 115 m3/h; this point represents the most economical
working condition of the pump. The curve of efficiency also shows this, giving a maximum
efficiency of 51 %.
At the bottom is a curve for NPSH (Nett Positive Suction Head). The curve refers to the
suction side of the pump and can best be explained as the absolute pressure on the suction
side that is necessary to keep the pump full of liquid if the vapour pressure of the liquid were
zero. To keep the pump working correctly, the pressure on the suction side has to be greater
than NPSH + VP to keep the pump from cavitating. Note that the greater the discharge rate,
the greater the NPSH.
The diagram shows curves for the consumption of horsepower for products having a specific
gravity of 1.0 and 0.97. The consumption of horsepower can be found by taking a value from
=
the upper curve (Le. SG 1.0) and multiplying by the specific gravity of the product.
Actual discharge rate

Looking at the Q-H curve, the pump must operate at some point of this curve. The actual point
is determined by the shore curve representing the pressure which the pump has to work
against. This head is partially due to a static pressure (which is determined by the difference
in height between the tank ashore and the connection to the ship at the jetty) plus the pressure
in the shore tank. To this is added a dynamic pressure, due to resistance in the line and which
grows with increasing output of pumps. Before the start of pumping it is the static pressure
which is measured at the manifold.
The head-flow relationship for ship and shore must follow their respective curves. If the ship
is discharging to a shore system, the head at the rail for a particular flow must be the same for
the ship as for the shore. There is only one possible point, and this is easily found by
superimposing the two curves on the same graph.
Please note that a long shore line of a small dimension means a steep shore curve. If the
static pressure as well as the dynamic pressure from the shore are rather low, it is
advantageous to work pumps in parallel. Pumps working in parallel service have a common
Q-Hcurve which can be constructed by adding the curves of the individual pumps horizontally.
Figure 6.15 shows how this is done.
80
Screw pumps
Screw pumps are of the positive-displacement type. They are found primarily in smaller
chemical tankers which carry high-viscosity cargoes such as molasses.
These pumps are simple in construction and easily maintained. Cargo flow is smooth and free
of the pulse effect that is normally associated with piston pumps, since the vertical shoulder
of the helical thread pushes the liquid along the shaft as it rotates. Screw pumps may be
mounted either horizontally or vertically.
Piston pumps (reciprocating pumps)

Piston pumps may be found in chemical tankers as the main cargo pumps and/or as stripping
pumps, and are mounted in pump-rooms. When using these pumps, the flow of liquid will be
subject to surging because of the motion of the piston, and suction and delivery valves are
needed in the pump chamber. The surge effect is also transmitted to the cargo hoses, which,
if not correctly supported and protected, may be damaged.
Efficient stripping
Forthe requirements with respect to efficient stripping systems, refer to regulation SA of Annex
II of MARPOL and to appendix 3 of this manual. It must be stressed that tanks that do not
comply with the required pumping capability may not be used for the carriage of substances
in categories 8 and C (Fig. 6.16A to 6.16C).
7 Safety and Pollution Prevention 9 hours

This section deals with the operational safety aspects of a chemical tanker. The topics dealt
with are tank atmosphere evaluation, fire prevention and pollution prevention.
Equipment for fire fighting, personnel protection and safety is also covered in this section.
7.1 Tank atmosphere evaluation
The essential message here is that the evaluation of the atmosphere is fundamental to
ensuring that there are safe working conditions in any cargo tank or enclosed space. The
lecture should be regarded as a theoretical session, forming the basis of the practical training
and exercises with gas-measuring equipment.
7.2 Fire prevention and equipment
Although the trainees should have attended an advanced, practical course on fire fighting, it
is useful to cover the topic theoretically also in this course. However, these lessons must be
considered as a supplement to the fire-fighting course, not a substitute.
7.3 Pollution prevention
General
With the hazards of pollution taken as a starting point, this lesson should deal with measures
for the prevention of pollution.
It should be explained that pollution risks from chemical tankers are minimized through
regulations for the construction and equipment of such ships and by regulations for handling
the NLS they carry. However, for the rules and regulations to have the intended effect, ship's
personnel should, through their 'everyday precautions' and through safe working routines and
proper maintenance of equipment for pollution control, do their best to avoid damage to our
environment.
As a rule, no noxious cargo liquid or vapour should be released to the environment, and the
applicable pollution regulations should be strictly followed.
Principles and definitions relating to the discharge of noxious liquid substances at sea
Before going into the discharge provisions, which are complicated, it is useful to look at the
underlying principle. This may best be expressed as ensuring that a ship is unloaded in such
a way that it cannot afterwards cause any harm to the marine environment, as its residues are
virtually non-existent. At the same time, it is realized that total elimination of residues cannot
be achieved, and some realistic limits have been set.
Discharge provisions
The discharge provisions are set out in regulation 5 of Annex" of MARPOL, and instructors
should familiarize themselves with it.
It may be noted that those provisions concerning categories A and D are easy to understand
and to follow even if they may pose technical difficulties. The discharge provisions applicable
to categories Band C initially posed great difficulties. Part 2 of appendix 3 of this course
describes the work which led to the adoption of the Standards for Procedures and
Arrangements which made these provisions technically feasible. The operations set out in
regulation 8 of Annex " of MARPOL, supplemented by chapters 5, 6, 10 and 11 of the
Standards (reference R7), must be followed after unloading substances in categories Band
C. These operations must be dealt with in greater detail under section 8.7 of the syllabus.
Underwater discharge outlet

To more effectively mix noxious liquid substances with the seawater, the effluent should be
directed into the ship's wake. This can best be achieved by ensuring that the effluent remains
within the boundary layer, which is the area of turbulent water that surrounds a ship moving
through the water. The means to do this have been found by relating the rate of discharge of
the effluent to the diameter of the discharge outlet, the speed of the ships and the distance
between the outlet and the stem of the ship.
7.4 Protection and safety equipment
This lecture should mainly cover the practical use of protection and safety equipment common
on chemical tankers.
The learning objective here is that the trainees should be able to use the actual equipment
which is required by international and national regulations to be available on board.
The equipment listed under Part A of this course should be available for the trainees, and
exercises should be carried out individually or in groups.
70S Precautions concerning repair and maintenance
The hazards of gases generated by liquid chemical cargoes and the corrosive nature of some
products have already been covered. These aspects must be reinforced when necessary
repairs and maintenance work is to be undertaken. Trainees should be instructed to follow
procedures laid down on board, including the Permit to Work system.
For example, to split a pipeline will require a Cold Work Permit to ensure that the pipe is
drained, flushed, isolated and clean of any dangerous residues. Even so care should be taken
due to possible remaining cargo residues. The use of proper protective clothing and
equipment should be stressed. Control systems are complex and any work on these should
include detailed tests and checks as a part of re-commissioning so as not to impair safe cargo
handling.
Repairs and hot work

Trainees must understand that repair work outside the engine room which necessitates hot
work should only be undertaken when it is essential for the safety or immediate operation of
the ship, and no alternative repair procedure is possible.
Hot work outside the engine room (and in the engine room when associated with fuel,
lubrication or cargo systems) must be prohibited until the requirements of national legislation
and other applicable regulations have been met, safety considerations taken into account, and
a hot work permit has been issued. This may involve the master, owners' superintendent,
shore contractor, terminal representative and port authority as appropriate.
8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations 9.5 hours
This section covers cargo and ballast operations in general, cargo planning, loading
preparation and loading, cargo calculation, cargo conditioning, unloading preparations and
unloading, ballasting and deballasting.
The general learning objective of this section is to familiarize the trainees with cargo and
ballast operations on chemical tankers, including the handling of cargoes to which special
requirements apply. Correct cargo calculation is also an objective of this section.
As for most of the topics of this course, the instructor must draw on his own experience to
teach this subject in order to achieve the detailed learning objectives of this section.
An example of a simulator exercise which may be useful in the present context is given in
Appendix 6 to the Instructor Manual. Use of a simulator for training is not a mandatory
requirement. See guidance on the use of simulators for training in reference R7, Section A-
1/12.
8.1 General
This lecture should give a short introduction to cargo operations and ballast-handling
operations in general. It should be based on key words such as 'regulations', 'co-operation',
'responsibility' and 'system tests'.
8.2 Cargo planning
Cargo planning for chemical tankers is a highly specialized task, especially on tankers
engaged in the parcel trade.
These lessons should introduce the trainees to the complexity of cargo handling and thus
emphasize the need for thorough planning of operations.
Points essential in cargo planning, such as port conditions, cargo properties, ship type
requirements, requirements of cargo tank material/coatings, product purity, tank cleanliness,
washing procedures and disposal of slops, should be discussed.
The aim of the lecture should be to enable trainees to make a plan for the loading, handling
and unloading of some common cargoes, taking into account the factors mentioned above.
With regard to cargo properties, emphasis should be given to reactivity, and thus cargo
compatibility, so that cargo is planned safely, separated and stowed.
A helpful guide for safe cargo stowage, with regard to cargo reactivity, is attached as appendix
2. The guide, which is commonly used in chemical shipping, is provided by the U.S. Coast
Guard and is incorporated in Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations, see reference 815.
While the detailed learning objectives for this lecture indicate what the trainees must do, the
instructor's experience in this field is essential for teaching this subject.
8.3 Procedures for loading and preparations for loading
The lecture under this heading should cover the practical operations and the procedures prior
to and during loading and stowage of the different cargoes according to the preplanned
programme.
8.4 Cargo measurement and calculation
This lecture should enable trainees to carry out cargo calculations a it is done on board and
with the aid of calculation tables commonly used. It should focus upon regulations for
maximum cargo quantity in each tank for dangerous cargoes and on the requirements for the
filling limits of tanks for some special products carried.
Calculations should mainly be done using the metric system, but other common units of
measurement may be explained.
8.5 Cargo conditioning during transport
The basis of this lesson should be the responsibility of the ship for the proper care of the cargo
parcels as long as they are on board, and for the delivery of a cargo in the same quality as
when it was loaded.
The purpose of the lesson is to describe maintenance procedures for cargoes on passage or
in port. It should focus on both general maintenance that is 'custom of the trade' and on
special maintenance procedures demanded by shippers.
8.6 Unloading plan and procedures
As with the procedures for loading and the preparations for loading, trainees should be
instructed how to carry out procedures prior to and after unloading and how the unloading
operation may be done. The learning objectives indicate the level of knowledge required.
8.7 Unloading, stripping and prewash operations with noxious liquid substances
If the operations outlined here are fully understood, trainees will have gone a long way towards
correct (in the environmental sense) tanker operations. The information necessary for
teaching this section can be found in regulation 8 of Annex" of MARPOL and in chapters 4
to 7, 9 and 12 and addendum A of appendix D of the Standards for Procedures and
Arrangements forthe Discharge of Noxious Liquid Substances (reference R6). The regulation
and the chapters are self-explanatory except for those concerning operations within special
areas, relative to substances in categories Band C.
The easiest way to understand the requirements for special areas is to remember that
substances in category B must be treated within special areas like substances in category A
outside those areas, and that substances in category C must be treated within special areas
like substances in category B outside those areas. This is an over-simplification but is a useful
aid to understanding.
For substances in category B this means that, regardless of whether a substance is of high or
low viscosity, solidifying or not, in principle the tanks must be prewashed and the slops
disposed of ashore. However, low-viscosity and non-solidifying residues may be taken out of
the special area for subsequent discharge into the sea.
For ships carrying substances in category C within special areas, the situation differs,
depending on the stripping system. If the system has been tested to a water residue of 0.3 m3
or less, the operations procedures for substances in category B outside special areas apply.
Please note that the criterion for high viscosity of substances in category B (Le. 25 mPa's at
the unloading temperature) also applies. If the stripping system is incapable of that, tanks
must be prewashed regardless of the viscosity or solidifying property of the substance.
The phrase "Ballast containing less than 1 ppm NLS" needs further explanation. Although
efficient stripping and prewashing have simplified the discharge procedures, ships may, under
certain circumstances, find it too restrictive if they have to deballast contaminated water under
the general discharge provisions which, for categories A, Band C, still require a stipulated
speed, depth of water and distance from the nearest land and a limit to the rate of discharge
so as not to penetrate the boundary layer. somewhat arbitrarily, it has been determined that
a prewash programme, followed by one additional cycle of the washing machines, results, if
ballast water is introduced into a tank, in ballast that contains less than 1 ppm of NLS. Such
ballast may be discharged at unrestricted rates without the ship doing any speed (Le. at
anchor), provided it still observes the requirements with respect to minimum water depth and
minimum distance from the land.
Understanding of this section can be verified by having trainees carry out exercises involving
the loading and unloading of cargoes and the discharge of tank wash water and dirty ballast.
It should be noted that the terms high- and low-viscosity, solidifying and non-solidifying do not
describe the properties of a substance but are dependent on that substance's temperature at
unloading. If two ships unload the same substances at different temperatures, it may well be
that on one ship they come into the category of high-viscosity or solidifying while on the other
ship, at the same time, they may be categorized as low-viscosity or non-solidifying.
High-viscosity substances are those which, at the unloading temperatures:
- in the case of category B substances, have a viscosity of 25 mPa's or more

- in the case of category C substances, have a viscosity of 60 mPa·s or more
- in the case of category C substances, within special areas, have a viscosity of
25 mPa·s or more.
In the case of high viscosity, both category and sea area are parameters.
Solidifying substances are those with an unloading temperature which:
- in the case of a melting point of less than 15°C, is less than 5°C above their melting
points.
- in the case of a melting point equal to or greater than 15°C, is less than 10°C above
their melting points.
See also the Standards for Procedures and Arrangements (reference R6).
8.8 Ballasting and deballasting
This lesson should explain ballast operations in general, such as when ballast is used to obtain
the necessary deadweight and draught for a safe departure. It should also explain how ballast
may be used during cargo operations to obtain adequate trim and to prevent undue list when
handling the different cargo parcels.
The risk of pollution and of imposing excessive stress forces on the ship during ballast
operations should also be discussed.
9 Tank-cleaning Operations 6.5 hours
Tank cleaning, gas-freeing, slops and slops handling are important factors in the operation of
chemical tankers. In fact, the standard of cleanliness in a cargo tank is often decisive for
whether or not the vessel can load the intended cargoes.
The lessons under this section should cover operations and procedures in connection with tank
cleaning, gas-freeing and slops handling. Tests for cleanliness of a cargo tank should also be
covered under this section.
As tank cleaning is the operation during which personnel are most likely to be exposed to
cargo liquid and vapours, safety should be a key word during the lessons.
Also for lectures under this section, the instructor's own experience in these operations is
essential for teaching.
An example of a simulator exercise which may be useful in the present context is given in
Appendix 6 to the Instructor Manual. Use of a simulator for training is not a mandatory
requirement. See guidance on the use of simulators for training in reference A7, Section A-
1112.
9.1 General
This should be a brief introduction to tank-cleaning operations and the handling of tank
washings in general.
The need for preplanning and compliance with regulations should be focused upon, and
atmospheres in which tank cleaning may take place should be discussed.
Discussion of general safety measures during operations should also be a part of the lesson.
9.2 Tank-cleaning procedures and disposal of slops
This lecture should explain reasons for tank cleaning, phases in a tank-cleaning operation and
factors to be considered when planning a programme for washing. The trainees should also
learn tank cleaning procedures to meet the degree of cleanliness required by the shipper.
The aim of this part of the lecture is to enable trainees to set up a work programme for
cleaning a cargo tank from one cargo to another, taking into consideration the cargoes
involved, the type of tank coating, regulations and the cleanliness requirements for the cargo
that is to be loaded.
Qurte apart from tank cleaning for commercial reasons are the requirements introduced by
Annex II of MAAPOL 73na for the prewashing and ventilation of cargo tanks. Prewash
operations and ventilation procedures in this respect are part of the unloading process, and
a.
have been touched upon in section 7. The syllabus indicates the depth to which this subject
should be dealt with.
9.3 Gas-freeing of cargo tanks
Ideally, all operations in a cargo tank, including tank washing, should be done after the tank
has been made gas-free. In practice, such procedures are difficult to establish. The greatest
possible care should therefore be exercised in all operations connected with tank cleaning and
gas-freeing.
During this lesson the purpose of gas-freeing and general precautions should be explained and
discussed. Gas-freeing equipment and the methods used should also be introduced.
9.4 Tests for cleanliness
This lecture should mainly be a practical one. with the laboratory theory (section 2.3) as a
starting point, the after discussing how tanks are inspected prior to loading, the trainees should
do practical tests for cleanliness that are possible to carry out on board.
10 Ship/Shore Interface 1.5 hours
This section deals with two important aspects of the ship/shore interface. One is the safety
aspect. Cargo operations require close co-operation between a ship and the terminal, and the
working procedures to ensure such co-operation should be explained and discussed.
The second aspect concerns compliance with the regulations in Annex" of MARPOL, which
is only possible if shore reception facilities are available where needed. Dependence on such
facilities has been decreased considerably by meeting the requirements for pumping and
stripping efficiency, which allows ships to take residues of non-viscous and non-solidifying
cargoes back to sea for disposal. The need for facilities has, however, by no means been
eliminated. Reception facilities in unloading ports will still be needed for:
- substances of category A
- solidifying and high-viscosity substances of categories 8 and C.
They will also be required in those ports to which chemical tankers go for repairs. The IMO
has published guidelines for the provision of shore reception facilities, and governments
concerned should be aware of their obligations.
Special mention should be made of ports where ships unload and back load completely. Ports
where this occurs will be aware of this problem and will have taken appropriate measures.
Residues of all categories of NLS, whether highly viscous and solidifying or not, must be
expected.
Especially difficult for ships are ports in countries whose governments are not Party to
MAR POL 73na, and which therefore are under no obligation to provide reception facilities.
This creates a situation in which ships that must comply with their national laws arrive at ports
which, by not making available the necessary facilities, prevent them from doing so. There are
no easy answers to this problem, and ad hoc solutions will have to be found.
Ships must be aware of the necessity for ports to receive full advance information, and the
learning objectives make this clear. Some ports may insist on segregated disposal, others may
accept 'cocktails' of NLS. Full information is required so as not to damage or destroy the
treatment processes, and ships must be prepared to furnish that information.
11 Emergency Operations 3 hours
This section deals with procedures for protecting life and property in the event of accidents.
The organizational structure of an emergency organization on board is also dealt with under
this heading.
As regards the paragraph on first-aid treatment, it is not the intention to deal with first aid in
general at this lecture, but first-aid procedures related to accidents involving cargoes
transported in chemical tankers should be covered.
88
Appendix 1
Figu res for use by the presenter

Use on OHP (transparencies)
or
print off as hand-outs
PART D: INSTRUCTOR MANUAL (APPENDIX 1)
Examples of cargo names (and synonyms) from the long list of liquid products
transported in chemical tankers
Phenol
Sodium hydroxide solution (caustic soda sol.)
Acrylonitrile
Methyl alcohol (methanol)
Acetic acid
Sulphuric acid
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
Nitric acid
Palm oil
Ethylene glycol
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Carbon tetrachloride (CTC)
Ethylene dichloride (EDC)
Furfural
Acetone
Toluene
Benzene
Xylene
Figure 1.1 Cargoes carried in chemical tankers

Figure 1.2 Approximate volumes of the major cargo groups carried
94
(A) DRYING (B) SEMI-DRYING (C) NON-DRYING
Linseedoil CottonseedOil Lard Oil
Tung Oil SesameOil Olive Oil
ChinaWood Oil MaizeOil GroundnutOil
Soya Bean Oil Wheat Oil CastorOil
HempseedOil SunflowerseedOil Rape (Colza)Oil
Walnut Oil CodliverOil Almond Oil
OtticeaOil Cod Oil RiceOil
PerillaOil HerringOil SpermOil
RubberseedOil Shark Oil Seal Oil
PoppyseedOil Whale Oil Palm Oil
Tall Oil SardineOil Palm KernelOil
etc. JapaneseFish Oil CoconutOil
etc. Tallow Oil
etc.
Figure 1.3 Types of vegetable and animal oils
95
Product Use
polyethylene (high & low density) plastic mouldings
film
fibres (from HD only)
ethylene oxide anti-freeze

detergents
brake fluids
lubricants
plasticizers
weed killers
polyester fibres
vinyl chloride pipe films

coatings
mouldings
styrene plastics: polystyrene
ethanol methylated spirits

paints
plasticizers
solvents
fine chemicals
pharmaceuticals
ethylene dibromide petrol additives
ethyl chloride petrol additives
ethylene dichloride petrol additives

PVC
fumigants
rubber cement
degreasing solvent
Figure 1.6 The usage of various ethylene derivatives
98
Product Use
polypropylene plastic mouldings

fibres
films
acrylonitrile synthetic fibres

synthetic nitrile rubbers
plastics
propylene oxide detergents

paints
resins: polyesters
polyurethane foam
gas scrubbing
isopropanol paints
plasticizers
motor fuels
cosmetics
cumene (converted into phenol and acetone)
phenol pharmaceuticals
plastics
resins
detergents
insecticides
herbicides
lubricating oil additives
fibres: nylon
acetone paints
brake fluids
textiles
explosives
plastics
Figure 1.7 The usage of various propylene derivatives
99
Figure 2.7 Molecular structures of some common chemical cargoes
108
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
I
··•
·,
Nonadecane
Figure 2.8 Saturated hydrocarbons as gases, liquids and solids
109
Three ways of representing the molecular structure of benzene (CsHa)
Figure 2.9 Arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons)
110
Figure 2.10 Molecular structures of some benzene derivatives
111
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS FOR THE CARRIAGE

OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN BULK
(Official seal)
Issued under the provisions of the
INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT

OF SHIPS CARRYING DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN BULK
(resolutions MSC.4(48) and MEPC.19(22))1
under the authority of the Government of
....................................................................................................
(full official designation of country)
by ................................................................................................
(full official designation of the competent person or
organization recognized by the Administration)
Distinctive Ship type

Name of Port of Gross
number or (Code paragraph
ship registry tonnage
letters 2.1.2)2
The Certificate should be drawn up in the official language of the issuing country. If the language
used is neither English nor French, the text should include a translation into one of these languages.
Figure 4. 1A Model form of International Certificate of Fitness

for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
116
Products3 4 Conditions of carriage5

(tank numbers, etc.)
* Continued on attachment 1, additional signed and dated sheets.

* Tank numbers referred to in this list are identified on attachment
2, signed and dated tank plan.
4 That, in accordance with * 1.4 and * 2.8.2, the provisions of the Code
are modified in respect of the ship in the following manner:
.............................................................................................
5 That the ship must be loaded:
*.1 in accordance with the loading conditions provided in the approved

loading manual, stamped and dated .....................................
and signed by a responsible officer of the Administration, or of
an organization recognized by the Administration;
*.2 in accordance with the loading limitations appended to this

Certificate.
Where it is required to load the ship other than in accordance with

the above instruction, then the necessary calculations to justify the
proposed loading conditions should be communicated to the certifying
Administration who may authorize in writing the adoption of the
proposed loading condition. * *
* Delete as appropriate.
* * Instead of being incorporated in the Certificate, this text may be appended to the
Certificate if duly signed and stamped.
Figure 4. 1C Model form of Intemational Certificate of Fitness

118
This Certificate is valid until .............................................................

subject to surveys in accordance with 1.5 of the Code .
Issued at .............................. .............................. 19 .......

(place of issue of Certificate)
The undersigned declares that he is duly authorized by the said Government

to issue this Certificate .
.............................................................
(signature of official issuing the Certificate
and/or seal of issuing authority)
Notes on completion of Certificate:

1
The Certificate can be issued only to ships entitled to fly the flags of States which are Parties
to both SO LAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78.
2
Ship type: Any entry under this column must relate to all relevant recommendations, e.g.
an entry "type 2" should mean type 2 in all respects prescribed by the Code.
3
Products: products listed in chapter 17 of the Code, or which have been evaluated by the
Administration in accordance with 1.1.3 of the Code, should be listed. In respect of the
latter "new" products, any special requirements provisionally prescribed should be noted.
It should be noted that for incinerator ships "liquid chemical waste" is to be entered in lieu
of the individual product names.
4
Products: The list of products the ship is suitable to carry should include the noxious liquid
substances of category D which are not covered by the Code and should be identified as
"chapter 18 category D".
5
Conditions of carriage: The limitations on the carriage of category B or category C substances
under 16A.2 of the Code should also be indicated.
Figure 4. 1D Model form of International Certificate of Fitness

119
ENDORSEMENT FOR ANNUAL AND INTERMEDIATE SURVEYS
THIS IS TO CERTIFY that at a survey required by 1.5 of the

International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk, the ship was found to comply with the
relevant provisions of the Code.
Annual survey: Signed: ...........................................

(signature of duly authorized official)
Place: .............................................
Date: ..............................................
(seal or stamp of the Authority, as appropriate)
Annual * Iintermediate * survey: Signed: ...........................................

. (signature of duly authorized official)
Place: .............................................
Date: ..............................................
Annual * Iintermediate * survey: Signed: ...........................................

Place: .............................................
Date: ..............................................
Annual survey: Signed: ...........................................

Place: .............................................
Date: ..............................................
* Delete as appropriate.
Figure 4. 1E Model form of Intemational Certificate of Fitness

120
ATTACHMENT 1 TO THE
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS
FOR THE CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN BULK
Continued list of products to those specified in section 3, and their

conditions of carriage.
Date ..................................... .....................................

(as for Certificate) (signature of official issuing
the Certificate and/or seal
of issuing authority)
Figure 4. 1F Model form of International Certificate of Fitness

121
ATTACHMENT 2 TO THE
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS FOR THE
CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN BULK
TANK PLAN (specimen)
Name of ship: .................................................................................
Distinctive number or letters: ...........................................................
Date ..................................... .....................................

(as for Certificate) (signature of official issuing
the Certificate and/or seal
of issuing authority)
Figure 4. 1G Model form of International Certificate of Fitness

122
CHAP~R17-SUMMARYOFMIMMUM
REQUIREMENTS
EXPLANA TORY NOTES
Product name The product names are not identical with the
(column a) names given in previous issues of the Code,
or the BCH Code (for explanation see index of
chemicals).
UN number The number relating to each product shown in

(column b) the recommendations proposed by the United
Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods. UN numbers, where
available, are given for information only.
Pollution category The letter A, B, C or D means the pollution

(column c) category assigned to each product under
Annex II of MARPOL 73/78. "III" means the
product was evaluated and found to fall
outside the categories A, B, C or D.
Pollution category in brackets indicates that

the product is provisionally categorized and
that further data are necessary to complete the
evaluation of their pollution hazards. Until the
hazard evaluation is completed, the pollution
category assigned is used.
Hazards S means that the product is included in the

(column d) Code because of its safety hazards;
P means that the product is included in the
Code because of its pollution hazards; and
SIP means that the product is included in the
Code because of both its safety and pollution
hazards.
Ship type 1 = ship type 1 (2.1.2)

(column e) '2 = ship type 2 (2.1.2)
3 = ship type 3 (2. 1.2)
Tank type 1 = independent tank (4.1.1)

(column f) 2 = integral tank (4.1.2)
G = gravity tank (4.1.3)
P = pressure tank (4. 1.4)
* "No" indicates nil requirements.
Figure 5.1A Excerpt from the IBC Code, Chapter 17
123
Tank vents Open: open venting

(column g) Cont: controlled venting
SR: safety relief valve
Tank environmental Inert: i~erting (9.1.2.1)

control * Pad: liquid or gas (9.1.2.2)
(column h) Dry: drying (9.1.2.3)
Vent: natural or forced (9.1.2.4)
Electricalequipment T1 to T6: temperat!Jre classes * *

(column i) IIA, liB or IIC: apparatus groups* *
NF: nonflammable product (10.1.6)
Yes: flashpoint exceeding 60°C
(closed cup test) (10.1.6)
No: flash point not exceeding
60°C (closed cup test)
(10.1.6)
Gauging 0: open gauging (13.1.1.1)

(column j) R: restricted gauging (13.1.1.2)
C: closed gauging (13. 1. 1.3)
I: indirect gauging (13. 1. 1.3)
Vapour detection * F: flammable vapours

(column k) T: toxic vapours
Fire protection A: alcohol-resistant foam or multi-purpose

(column I) foam
B: regular foam, encompasses all foams that
are not of an alcohol-resistant type,
including fluoro-protein and aqueous-film-
forming foam (AFFF)
C: water-spray
D: dry chemical * * *
No: no special requirements under this Code

* * Temper~ture classes and apparatus groups as defined in International Electrotechnical
Commission Publication 79 (part 1, appendix D, parts 4, 8 and 12. A blank indicates that
data are currently not available.)
* * * Dry chemical powder systems when used may require an additional water system
for boundary cooling. This is normally provided in sufficient quantities by the standard fire
main system required by regulation 11-2/4 of the 1974 SOlAS Convention as amended.
Figure 5. 1B Excerpt from the IBC Code, Chapter 17
124
Materials of N: see 6.2.2

construction z: see 6.2.3
(column m) Y: see 6.2.4
A blank indicates no special guidance given for
materials of construction
Respiratory and E: see 14.2.8

eye protection *
(column n)
Figure 5. 1C Excerpt from the IBC Code, Chapter 17
125
Acetal N13 N13
Acetaldehyde U. U.
AceticAcid 5%· U. U.
AceticAnhydride· U. U.
Acetone S. U.
AcetoneCyanohydrin· S.N13 U.
Acetonitrile· N5 X60, N5
Acetophenone(PhenylMethylKetone) S. X60, N18
AcetylTributylCitrate(CitroflexA4) N1, N5 S.
Acetylene,Gas S. S.
AcetyleneDichloride(Dichlorethylene) N5 U.
Acids,oils See SpecificProduct
Acids,fatty See SpecificProduct
AcidulatedVegetableOils (SulfuricAcid Free) U. S.
Acintol U. S.
Acrolein U. U.
Acropol(MixedLinearAlcohols,UgineKuhlman) S. S.
Acrylamide N12 U.
AcrylamideSolutions N12 N12
AcrylicAcid· U. U.
Acrylic Esters See SpecificProduct
AcrylicLatex(SeeLatex,Synthetic) See SpecificProduct
AcrylicMonomers N5, N11 U.
Acrylonitrile· N11,N17 U.
S - Satisfactory; U - Unsatisfactory; N1 - Zinc pickup and pH (note particularly the general requirements for pH
5.~ 10.0 limitation on Carbo Zinc 11 and possibility of zinc pickup in water solutions); N5 - Hydrolysable solvents
(products which tend to be hydrolysed in the presence of water to form organic or mineral acids); N11 - Non-stable
liquid chemicals (linings are resistant to chemicals as shown, but caution should be exercised to keep tanks clean;
cargoes such as synthetic latexes and monomers may contain stabilizers, which need to be checked for compatibility);
N12 - Test data not available; N13 -Similar cargoes (these materials are believed to be suitable because similar
cargoes have been successfully carried, but no confirming tests have been made); N17 - Variance from Lloyd's Register
(*Lloyd's Register Type A Cargo; ** LLoyd's Register Type B Cargo; *** Lloyd's Register Type C Cargo; certain
information in the chart is at variance with Lloyd's recommendations concerning metals in contact with specific cargoes,
but the information in this chart has been gathered from field testing etc.); N 18 - Coating discoloration (under certain
conditions, cargoes such as fish oil have discoloured the lining)
Figure 6.38 A coating compatibility chart
137
FRAMO - The pumping system
for all types of tankers
Modern technology
Modern technology is available for tanker
operators with the aim of reducing port time
and economising on energy. For many years
marine developments centered only around
propulsion, communication etc.
Today Frank Mohn NS offers a full range
of highly efficient submerged cargo pumps,
bringing the discharge systems for tankers
in-line with other modern technology systems
onboard ships.
Elimination of pump room

With one FRAMO submerged cargo pump in
each cargo tank, tankers are today built
without pump rooms, suction lines, suction
valves, bulkhead penetration etc. The pump
room is eliminated. Up to 500 m3 can then
be utilized as extra cargo space.
Eliminating a dangerous area

The deletion of the pump room means
elimination of a dangerous area and a saving
on the ship's volume.
Efficient and flexible

The FRAMO submerged cargo pump is
positioned directly inside the cargo tank.
There are no suction losses. Risk of cavitation
is eliminated. Pumps can operate more
efficiently.With one pump in each cargo tank,
total flexibility is achieved.
Segregation
No longer is segregation limited to the
number of suction lines. Total segregation
between the various grades of cargo is
achieved.
Figure 6.9 A submerged cargo pump
144
Appendix 2
Guide to compatibility of chemicals
Reproduced from
Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water
COMPATIBILITY INFORMATION
In this seventh edition, chemical compatibility is covered by a gen-

eral discussion and summary of 46 CFR 150 Subpart A followed by 46
CFR 150 in essentially its entirety. If necessary, current information
may be obtained by calling 202-267-1577 or writing to Commandant
(G-MTH-l), Washington, D.C. 20593-0001.
General Discussion.
a. Introduction-The accidental mixing of one chemical product
with another inside a cargo tank or· pipe may result in a vigorous chem-
ical reaction. Binary combinations that generate significant heat or
produce gas can be very hazardous to personnel and property. The pur-
pose of the Compatibility Guide is to indicate, in chart form, combina-
tions believed to be dangerous. Based on information provided by the
National Academy of Sciences, the Guide represents the latest data
available to the Coast Guard on chemical compatibility. Extensive use
was made of direct experimental evidence obtained under contract to
theNAS and Coast Guard.
b. Definition of a Hazardous Reaction-As a first approximation, a
binary mixture is considered hazardous when the products are mixed
under specified conditions and the temperature rise exceeds 25°C or a
gas is evolved. In rare cases the reaction of two components (even
though non-hazardous, from temperature or pressure considerations)
may produce a product which is significantly more flammable or toxic
than the original materials. Although no examples of such a reaction
are known at this time, they would be considered hazardous.
c. Chart Format-In reviewing the binary test results and previous
charts, it was evident that there were different degrees of reactivity
among the various products. Many of them are relatively non-reactive
(aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffins) while others form hazardous combi-
nations with many groups (inorganic acids).
The compatibility chart (refer to Figure 1 in 46 CFR 150) is separated
into two sections, group 1 through group 22 are Reactive groups, and
group 30 through group 43 are Cargo groups. Left unassigned and
available for future expansion are groups 23 through 29 and those past
43. Reactive groups contain products which are chemically the most re-
active; dangerous combinations may result between members of differ-
ent Reactive groups and between members of Reactive and Cargo
171
groups. Products assigned to Cargo groups, however, are much less re-
active and dangerous combinations can be formed only with members
of certain Reactive groups. Cargo groups do not react hazardously
with one another. Because of these differences in reactivity, a signifi-
cant part of the usual two-dimensionalchart has been eliminated.
d. Using the Guide-The following procedure explains how the
Guide should be used to find compatibility information:
(1) Determine the group numbers of the two chemicals by refer-
ring to the alphabetical listing of products and their corresponding
groups (Table 1 of 46 CFR ISO). Many chemicals are listed under their
parent names and, unless otherwise indicated, isomers or mixtures of
isomers for a particular product are assigned to the same group. For
example, to fiIid the group number for Isobutyl alcohol, look under the
parent name Butyl alcohol. Similarly, the group number for para-
Xylene is found under the entry Xylene. If a chemical cannot be found
in this listing, contact the Coast Guard for a group determination.
(2) If both group numbers do not fall between 30 and 43 inclu-
sive, locate on the chart one of the numbers on the left (Cargo groups)
and the other across the top (Reactive groups). Note that if one of the
group numbers is between 30 and 43 it must be located on the left side.
Proceed across the page until the appropriate Reactive group column is
intersected. The box formed by the intersection will indicate one of the
following:
(a) blank-The two products are considered compatible.
(b) "X"-The two products are not considered compatible.
(c) a letter other than an "X"-Differences (deviations) in re-
activity are present among the group members-refer to the listing fol-
lowing the chart to fmd whether the products in question are included
in the deviations. Unless the combination is specifically covered on this
page, it may be considered compatible.
Examples:
Combination Groups Compatible?
Butyraldehyde/ Acetic acid 19/4 yes

Allyl alcohol/Toluene diisocyanate 215/12 no
Decene/Ethylbenzene 30/32 yes
Ethanolamine/ Acetone 8/18 yes
Ammonia/Dimethylformamide 6/10 no
172
e. Exceptions to the Guide-The hazard ratings in the chart are

based largely upon direct experimental data using in mqst cases one of
the most reactive members of the group. Combinations of other group
members may display considerably less reactivity. For this reason, an
experimental procedure (refer to Appendix III, 46 CFR 150) has been
developed which allows a shipper to test two particular products he be-
lieves non-hazardous although an "X" appears in the chart for their
corresponding groups. A data sheet is also supplied and should be com-
pleted and returned to the Coast Guard for evaluation. If the combina-
tion is not found to be dangerously reactive, an exception will be
issued.
46 CFR PART ISO-COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES
Subpart A-Compatibility of Cargoes
Sec.
150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork
Reduction Act.
150.110 Applicability.
150.115 Definitions.
150.120 Definition of incompatible cargoes.
150.130 Loading a cargo on vessels carrying cargoes with which ~t is
incompatible.
150.140 Cargoes not listed in Table I or II.
150.150 Exceptions to the compatibility chart.
150.160 Carrying a cargo as an exception to the compatibility chart.
150.170 Right of appeal.
FIGURE I-COMPATIBILITY CHART
TABLE I-ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CARGOES
TABLE II-GROUPING OF CARGOES
ApPENDIX I-EXCEPTIONS TO THE CHART
ApPENDIX II-ExPLANATION OF FIGURE 1
ApPENDIX III-TESTING PROCEDURESFORDETERMININGEXCEPTIONS
TO THE CHART
ApPENDIX IV-DATA SHEET
Subpart A-Compatibility of Cargoes
§IS0.10S OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork
Reduction Act.
(a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers
assigned to information collection and recordkeeping requirements in
this subchapter by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) pursu-
ant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 V.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
173
The Coast Guard intends that this section comply with the require-
ments of 44 V.S.C. 3507(f) which requires that agencies display a cur-
rent control number assigned by the Director of the OMB for each ap-
proved agency information collection requirement.
(b) Display.
46 CFR part or section where

Current OMS control No.
identified or described
150.01-15 2115-0016
153.5 2115-0016
153.905 2115-0089
153.910 2115-0089
153.968 2115-0089
Part 154 2115-0113
154.12 2115-0016
§150.110 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes rules for identifying incompatible hazard-
ous materials and rules for carrying these materials in bulk as cargo in
permanently attached tanks or in tanks that are loaded or discharged
while aboard the vessel. The rules apply to all vessels subject to 46
·V.S.C.391a.
§150.115 Definitions.
As used in this subpart: "Hazardous material" means:
(a) A flammable liquid as defined in § 30.10-22 or a combustible
liquid as defined in § 30.10-15 of this chapter;
(b) A material listed in Table 151.05, Table 1 of Part 153, or Table
4 of Part 154 of this chapter; or
(c) A liquid, liquefied gas, or compressed gas listed in 49 CFR
172.101.
"Person in charge" means the master of a self-propelled vessel, or
the person in charge of a barge.
§150.120 Definition of incompatible cargoes.
Except as described in § 150.150, a cargo of hazardous material is
incompatible with another cargo listed in Table I if the chemical groups
of the two cargoes have an "X" where their columns intersect in
174
Figure 1 and are not shown as exceptions in Appendix I. (See also

§ 150.140.)
§lS0.130 Loading a cargo on vessels carrying cargoes with which it is
incompatible.
Except as described in § 150.160, the person in charge of a vessel
shall ensure that the containment system for a cargo that is a hazardous
material meets the following requirements:
(a) The containment system must separate the hazardous material
or its residue from any cargo in table I with which it is incompatible by
two barriers such as formed by a:
(1) Cofferdam;
(2) Empty tank;
(3) Void space;
(4) Cargo handling space;
(5) Tank containing a compatible cargo; or
(6) Piping tunnel.
(b) In this subpart, isolation across a cruciform joint is equivalent
to isolation by two barriers.
(c) The containment system for the hazardous material must not
have a piping or venting system that connects to a containment system
carrying a cargo with which the hazardous material is incompatible.
Any such piping or venting system must have been separated from the
containment system carrying the incompatible cargo by:
(1) Removing a valve or spool piece and blanking off the exposed
pipe ends, or
(2) Installing two spectacle flanges in series with a means of detect-
ing leakage into the pipe between the spectacle flanges.
§lS0.140 Cargoes not listed in Table I or II.
A cargo of hazardous material not listed in Table I or II must be
handled as if incompatible with all other cargoes until the Commandant
(G-MTH) (tel. no. (202) 267-1577) assigns the hazardous material to a
compatibility group. (Table I lists cargoes alphabetically while Table II
lists cargoes by compatibility group).
175
§150.150 Exceptions to the compatibility chart.

The Commandant (G-MTH) authorizes, on a case by case basis,
exceptions to the rules in this subpart under the following conditions:
(a) When two cargoes shown to be incompatible in Figure 1 meet
the standards for a compatible pair in Appendix III, or
(b) When two cargoes shown to be compatible in Figure 1 meet
the standards for an incompatible pair in Appendix III.
Appendix I contains cargoes which have been found to be excep-
tions to Figure 1, the Compatibility Chart.
§150.160 Carrying a cargo as an exception to the compatibility chart.
The Operator of a vessel having on board a cargo carried as an
exception under §IS0.IS0 but not listed in Appendix I, Exceptions to
the Chart, shall make sure that:
(a) The Commandant (G-MTH) has authorized by letter or mes-
sage the cargo pair as an exception to the compatibility chart; and
(b) A copy of the letter or message is on the vessel.
§150.170 Right of appeal.
Any person directly affected by a decision or action taken under
this part, by or on behalf of the Coast Guard, may appeal therefrom in
accordance with subpart 1.03 of this chapter.
176
Table I-Alphabetical List of Cargoes.

Chemical name Group CHRIS Related CHRIS codes
No. code
Acetaldehyde .................................... 19 AAD
Acetic acid ........................................ 24 AAC
Acetic anhydride .............................. 11 ACA
Acetone ............................................. 218 ACT
Acetone cyanohydrin ....................... 1, 20 ACY
Acetonitrile ....................................... 37 ATN
Acetophenone ......................... ,......... 18 ACP
Acetyl tributyl citrate ...................... 34
Acrolein ............................................ 219 ARL
Acrylamide solution ......................... 10 AAM
Acrylic acid ...................................... 24 ACR
Acrylonitrile ..................................... 215 ACN
Acrylonitrile-Styrene copolymer
dispersion in Polyether polyol .... 20 ALE
Adiponitrile ....................................... 37 ADN
Alcohols (C13 and above) ............... 20 ALY TDN/TTN/PDC
Alcoholic beverages ......................... 20
Alcohol polyethoxylates .................. 20 APK/APL
Alcohol polyethoxylates,
secondary ...................................... 20 AEA! AEB
Alkyl acrylate-Vinyl pyridine
copolymer in Toluene .................. 32 AAP
Alkyl(C9 - CI7) benzenes ................ 32 AKB DBZIUDB/DDBITRB/TDB
Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid ............... 1. 20 ABS
Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium
salt solutions .................................. 33 ABT
Alkyl phthalates ............................... 34
Allyl alcohol ..................................... 215 ALA
Allyl chloride ................................... 15 ALC
Aluminium chloride, Hydrochloric
acid solution .................................. 0 AHS
Aluminum sulfate solution ............... 243 ASX ALM
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol ............... 8 AEX
Aminoethyldiethanolamine,
Aminoethylethanolamine
solution .......................................... 8
Aminoethylethanolamine ................. 8 AEE
N-Aminoethylpiperazine .................. 7 AEP
2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-l,3-
propanediol solution ..................... 43 AHL
2-Amino-2-methyl-l-propanol ......... 8 APR
Ammonia, anhydrous ....................... 6 AMA
Ammonium bisulfite solution .......... 243 ABX ASU
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate
solution .................................... ,..... 0
Ammonium hydroxide (28% or
less Ammonia) .............................. 6 AMH
178
Table I-Alphabetical List of Cargoes-Continued

No. code
Ammonium nitrate solution ............. 10 ANR AMN
Ammonium nitrate, Urea solution
(containing Ammonia) ................. 6 UAS
(not containing Ammonia) ........... 43 ANU
Ammonium polyphosphate "-
solution .......................................... 43 ANSI APP
Ammonium sulfate solution ............. 43 AME AMS
Ammonium sulfide solution ............ 5 ASS ASF
Ammonium thiocyanate,
Ammonium thiosulfate solution .. 0 ACS
Ammonium thiosulfate solution ...... 43 ATV ATF
Amyl acetate ..................................... 34 AEC IA T I AMLI AASI AYA
Amyl alcohol .................................... 20 AAI IAA/ AANI ASEI APM
Amylene ............................................ 30 AMZ PTXlPTE
Amyl methyl ketone ........................ 18 AMK
Amyl tallate ...................................... 34
Aniline ..'" .......................................... 9 ANL
Anthracene oil (Coal tar fraction),
see Coal tar .................................... 33 AHO COR
Asphalt .......:...................................... 33 ASP ACU
Asphalt blending stocks, roofers
flux ................................................. 33 ARF
Asphalt blending stocks, straight
run residue .................................... 33 ASR
Aviation alkylates ............................. 33 AVA GAV
Behenyl alcohol ................................ 20
Benzene ............................................. 32 BNZ
Benzene hydrocarbon mixtures
(having 10% Benzene or more) .. 32 BHB
Benzenesulfonyl chloride ................. 1. 20 BSC
Benzene, Toluene, Xylene
mixtures ......................................... 32 BTX
Benzene tricarboxylic acid, trioctyl
ester ............................................... 34
Benzylacetate .................................... 34 BZE
Benzyl alcohol .................................. 21 BAL
Benzyl chloride ................................ 36 BCL
Brake fluid base mixtures ................ 20 BFX
Butadiene .......................................... 30 BDI
Butadiene, Butylene mixtures
(cont. Acetylenes) ........................ 30 BBM
Butane ............................................... 31 BMX IBT /BUT
Butene ............................................... 30 IBL/BTN
Butene oligomer ............................... 30 BOL
Butyl acetate .:................................... 34 BAX IBA/BCN/BT A/BY A
Butyl acrylate ................................... 14 BAR BAI/BTC
179

No. code
Butyl alcohol .................................... 220 IALIBANIBASIBA T
Butylamine ........................................ 7 BTY IAM/BAM/BTLIBUA
Butylbenzene .................................... 32 BBE
Butyl benzyl phthalate ..................... 34 BPH
n-Butyl butyrate ............................... 34 BUB
Butylene ............................................ 30 BTN IBL
Butylene glycol ................................ 220 BUG
Butylene oxide .................................. 16 BTO
Butyl ether ........................................ 41 BTE
Butyl formate .................................... 34 BFIIBFN
iso-Butyl isobutyrate ........................ 34 BIB
Butyl heptyl ketone .......................... 18 BHK
Butyl methacrylate ........................... 14 BMH BMIIBMN
Butyl methacrylate, Deeyl
methacrylate, Cetyl-Eicosyl
methacrylate mixture ................... 14 DER
Butyl phenol, Formaldehyde resin
in Xylene ....................................... 32
Butyl toluene .................................... 32 BUE
Butyraldehyde .................................. 19 BAE BADIBTRlBFA
Butyric acid ...................................... 4 BRA IBR
gamma- Butyrolactone ...................... 1, 20 BLA
Calcium bromide solution ................ 43 CBM
Calcium bromide, Zinc bromide
solution see Drilling brine
(containing Zinc salts) .................. 43 DZB
Calcium chloride solution ................ 43 CCS CLC
Calcium hypochlorite solutions ...... 5 CHZ/CHU/CHY
Calcium naphthenate in Mineral
oil ................................................... 34 CNM
Calcium nitrate, Magnesium
nitrate, Potassium chloride
solution .......................................... 34
Calcium sulfonate, Calcium
carbonate, Hydrocarbon solvent
mixture .......................................... 33
Camphor oil ...................................... 18 CPO
Caprolactam solution ....................... 22 CLS
Carbolic oil ....................................... 21 CBO
Carbon black base ............................ 33
Carbon disulfide ............................... 38 CBB
Carbon tetrachloride ........................ 36 CBT
Cashew nut shell oil (untreated) ..... 4 OCN
Caustic potash solution .................... 25 CPS
Caustic soda solution ....................... 25 CSS
Cetyl-Eicosyl methacrylate
mixture .......................................... 14 CEM
180

- No. code
Chlorinated paraffins (CIO - Cl3) ... 36 CLH
Chlorinated paraffins (C14 - CI7) ... 36
Chlorine ............................................ 10 CLX
Chloroacetic acid solution ............... 4 CHM CHL/MCA
Chlorobenzene .................................. 36 CRB
Chlorodifluoromethane .................... 36 MCF
Chloroform ....................................... 36 CRF
Chlorohydrins ................................... 17 CHD
4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic
acid, Dimethylamine salt
solution ........................................... 9 CDM
Chloronitrobenzene see 0-
Nitrochlorobenzene ...................... CNO
Chloropropionic acid ....................... 4 CPM CLA/CLP
Chlorosulfonic acid .......................... 10 CSA
Chlorotoluene ................................... 36 CHI CTM/CTO/CRN
Choline chloride solutions ............... 20 CCO
Coal tar ............................................. 33 COR OCT
Coal tar pitch .................................... 33 CTP
Coconut oil, fatty acid ..................... 34 CFA
Com syrup ........................................ 43 CSY
Cottonseed oil, fatty acid ................ 34 CFY
Creosote ............................................ 221 CCT CCW ICWD
Cresols ............................................... 21 CRS CRL/CSL/CSO
Cresylate spent caustic ..................... 5 CSC
Cresy lic acid ..................................... 21 CRY
Cresylic acid, sodium salt solution. 5 CSC
Crotonaldehyde ................................ 219 CTA
Cumene ............................................. 32 CUM
Cycloaliphatic resins ........................ 31
1,5,9-Cyclododecatriene .................. 30 CYT
Cycloheptane .................................... 31 CYE
Cyclohexane ..................................... 31 CHX
Cyclohexane oxidation product
acid water ...................................... 4
Cyclohexanol .................................... 20 CHN
Cyclohexanone ................................. 18 CCH
Cyclohexanone, Cyclohexanol
mixtures '" ...................................... 218 CYX
Cyclohexyl acetate ........................... 34 CYC
Cyclohexylamine .............................. 7 CHA
1,3-Cyclopentadiene dimer .............. 30 CPD
Cyclopentadiene polymers .............. 30 CPD
- . Cyclopentadiene, Styrene, Benzene
mixtures ......................................... 30 CSB
Cyclopentane ................................. '.' 31 CYP
Cyclopentene .................................... 30 CPE
181

No. code
Cymene ............................................. 32 CMP
Deeahydronaphthalene .................... 33 DHN
Deealdehyde ..................................... 19 IDA/DAL
Deeane .............................................. 31 DDC PFN
Decanoic acid ................................... 4 DCO
Decene .............................................. 30 DCE
Deey1 acrylate .................................. 14 DAT IAI/DAR
Deeyl alcohol ................................... 220 DAX ISA/DAN
Decy1benzene ................................... 32 DBZ AKB
Dextrose solution ............................. 43 DTS
Diacetone alcohol ............................ 220 DAA
Dialkyl(CIO - C14) benzenes ........... 32 DAB
Dialkyl(C7 - C13) phthalates .......... 34 DAH DHP/DIE/DOP/DIF/DTP/
DUP
Diammonium salt of Zinc EDT A
solution .......................................... 43 DSZ
Dibutylamine .................................... 7 DBA
Dibutyl phthalate ............................. 34 DPA
Dichlorobenzene .............................. 36 DBX DBM/DBO/DBP
Dichlorodifluoromethane ................ 36 DCF
1,1-Dichloroethane ........................... 36 DCH
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether .................. 41 DEE
2,2'-Dichloroisopropyl ether ........... 36 DCI
Dichloromethane .............................. 36 DCM
2,4-Dichlorophenol .......................... 21 DCP
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
Diethanolamine salt solution ....... 43 DDE
Dimethylamine salt solution ........ 1. 20 DAD DDA/DSX
Triisopropanolamine salt
solution .......................................... 243 DTI
Dichloropropane .............................. 36 DPX DPB/DPP/DPC/DPL
1,3-Dichloropropene ........................ 15 DPS DPU/DPF
Dichloropropene,
Dichloropropane mixtures ........... 15 DMX
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid ............. 4 DCN
Dicyc1opentadiene ............................ 30 DPT
Dideeyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride, Ethanol mixture
solution .......................................... 43 DDX
Diethanolamine ................................. 8 DEA
Diethanolamine salt of 2,4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
solution .......................................... 43 DDE
Diethylamine .................................... 7 DEN -
Diethylaminoethanol ........................ 8 DAE
182

No. code
2,6-Dieth ylaniline ............................. 9 DMN
Diethylbenzene ................................. 32 DEB
Diethylene glycol ............................. 40 DEG
Diethylene glycol butyl ether ......... 40 DME
Diethylene glycol butyl ether
acetate ............................................ 34 DEM
Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether ...... 40 DIG
Diethylene glycol ethyl ether ......... 40 DGE
Diethylene glycol ethyl ether
acetate ............................................ 34 DGA
Diethylene glycol methyl ether ...... 40 DGM
Diethylene glycol methyl ether
acetate ............................................ 34 DGR
Diethylene glycol phenyl ether ...... 40 DGP
Diethylene glycol phthalate ............ 34 DGL
Diethylenetriamine ........................... 27 DET
Diethylethanolamine ........................ 8 DAE
Diethyl ether .................................... 41 EET
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate .................. 34 DEH
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ... 1 DEP
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ............... 34 DIE DIO/DOP/DAH
Diethyl phthalate .............................. 34 DPH
Diethyl sulfate .................................. 34 DSU
Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A .... 41 BDE BPA
Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol F ..... 41 DGF
Diheptyl phthalate ........................... 34 DHP
Di-n-hexyl adipate ............................ 34 DHA
Diisobutylamine ................................ 7 DBU
Diisobutyl carbinoL ........................ 20 DBC
Diisobutylene .................................... 30 DBL
Diisobutyl ketone ............................. 18 DIK
Diisobutyl phthalate ......................... 34 DIT
Diisodecyl phthalate ........................ 34 DID
Diisononyl adipate ........................... 34 DNY
Diisononyl phthalate ........................ 34 DIN
Diisooctyl phthalate ......................... 34 DIO
Diisopropanolamine ......................... 8 DIP
Diisopropylamine ............................. 7 DIA
Diisopropylbenzene .......................... 32 DIX
Diisopropyl naphthalene .................. 32 DII
N ,N-Dimethylacetamide .................. 10 DAC
N,N-Dimethylacetamide solution ... 10 DLS
Dimethyl adipate .............................. 34 DLA
Dimethylamine ................................. 7 DMA
Dimethylamine solution ................... 7 DMG/DMY /DMC
183

No. code
Dimethylamine salt of 4-Chloro-2-
methylphenoxyacetic acid
solution .......................................... 9 CDM
Dimethylamine salt of 2,4-
solution .......................................... 1. 20 DAD DDAlDSX
2,6-Dimethylaniline .......................... 9 DMM
Dimethylcyclicsiloxane
hydrolyzate ................................... 34
N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine ...... 7 DXN
Dimethylethanolamine ..................... 8 DMB
Dimethylformamide ......................... 10 DMF
Dimethyl furan ................................. 41
Dimethyl glutarate ........................... 34 DOT
Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite ........ 234 DPI
Dimethyl naphthalene sulfonic
acid, sodium salt solution ............. 234 DNS
Dimethyloctanoic acid ..................... 4 DMO
Dimethyl phthalate .......................... 34 DTL
Dimethylpolysiloxane ...................... 34 DMP
2,2-Dimethylpropane-I ,3-diol .......... 20 DDI
Dimethyl succinate .......................... 34 DSE
Dinitrotoluene .................................. 42 DNM DTT/DNL/DNU
Dinonyl phthalate ............................ 34 DIF DAH
Dioctyl phthalate ............................. 34 DOP DAH
1,4-Dioxane ....................................... 41 DOX
Dipentene .......................................... 30 DPN
Diphenyl ........................................... 32 DIL
Diphenyl, Diphenyl ether mixture. 33 DDO DTH
Diphenyl ether .................................. 41 DPE
Diphenyl ether, Diphenyl phenyl
ether mixture ................................. 41 DOB
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate ....... 12 DPM
Diphenylol propane-
Epichlorohydrin resins ................. 10 DPR
Di-n-Propylamine ............................. 7 DNA
Dipropylene glycol .......................... 40 DPO
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate ....... 34 DOY
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether ... 40 DPY
Distillates, flashed feed stocks ......... 33 DFF
Distillates, straight run ..................... 33 DSR
Ditridecyl phthalate ......................... 34 DTP DAH
Diundecyl phthalate ......................... 34 DUP DAH
Dodecane .......................................... 31 DOC PFN
Dodecanol ......................................... 20 DDN LAL
Dodecene .......................................... 30 DOZ DDCIDOD
184

No. code
2-Dodecenylsuccinic acid,
dipotassium salt solution .............. 34
Dodecylamine, Tetradecylamine
mixture .......................................... 27 DTA
Dodecyl alcohol ............................... 20 DDNILAL
Dodecylbenzene ............................... 32 DDB AKB
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid .......... 20 DSA
Dodecyl diphenyl ether
disulfonate solution ....................... 43 DOS
Dodecy 1methacrylate ..................... 14 DDM
Dodecyl-Pentadecyl methacrylate
mixtures ......................................... 14 DDP
Dodecyl phenol ................................ 21 DOL
Drilling brine (containing Calcium,
Potassium or Sodium salts) .......... 43 DRB
Drilling brine (containing Zinc
salts) ............................................... 43 DZB
Drilling mud (low toxicity) (if
flammable or combustible) ............ 33 DRM
Drilling mud (low toxicity) (if non-
flammable or non-combustible) ..... 43 DRM
Epichlorohydrin ............................... 17 EPC
Epoxy resin ....................................... 18
Ethane ............................................... 31 ETH
Ethanolamine .................................... 8 MEA
2-Ethoxyethanol ............................... 20 EEO
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate ...................... 34 EEA
Ethoxylated alcohols, CII-CI5 ....... 20 EOD/ENP/EOP/EOT /ETD
Ethoxy triglycol ............................... 40 ETG
Ethyl acetate ..................................... 34 ETA
Ethyl acetoacetate ............................ 34 EAA
Ethyl acrylate ................................... 14 EAC
Ethyl alcohol .................................... 220 EAL
Ethylamine ........................................ 27 EAM
Ethylamine solution ......................... 7 EAN
Ethyl amyl ketone ............................ 18 EAK ELK
Ethylbenzene .................................... 32 ETB
Ethyl butanol .................................... 20 EBT
N-Ethyl-n-butylamine ...................... 7 EBA
Ethyl butyrate .................................. 34 EBR
Ethyl chloride ................................... 36 ECL
Ethyl chlorothioformate .................. 20 ECT
N-Ethylcyclohexylamine ................. 7 ECC
Ethylene ............................................ 30 ETL
Ethylene chlorohydrin ..................... 20 ECH
Ethylene cyanohydrin ..................... 20 ETC
Ethylenediamine ............................... 27 EDA EMX
185

No. code
Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid,
tetrasodium salt solution .............. 43 EDS
Ethylene dibromide .......................... 36 EDB
Ethylene dichloride .......................... 236 EDC
Ethylene glycol ................................ 220 EOL
Ethylene glycol acetate ................... 34 EGO
Ethylene glycol butyl ether ............ 40 EOM
Ethylene glycol tert-butyl ether ..... 40
Ethylene glycol butyl ether
acetate ............................................ 34 EMA
Ethylene glycol diacetate ................ 34 EOY
Ethylene glycol dibutyl p.ther......... 40 EOB
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether ............. 40 EOE
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate 34 EOA
Ethylene glycol isopropyl ether ..... 40 EO I
Ethylene glycol methyl ether ......... 40 EME
Ethylene glycol methyl ether
acetate ............................................ 34 EOT
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether .......... 40 EPE
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether,
Diethylene glycol phenyl ether
mixture .......................................... 40 EDX
Ethylene glycol propyl ether .......... 40 EOP
Ethylene oxide .................................. 10 EOX
Ethylene oxide, Propylene oxide
mixture .......................................... 16 EPM
Ethylene-Vinyl acetate copolymer
emulsion ........................................ 43
Ethyl ether ........................................ 41 EET
Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate ................ 34 EEP
2-Ethylhexaldehyde ......................... 19 EHA
2-Ethylhexanoic acid ....................... 4 EHO
2-Ethylhexanol ................................. 20 EHX
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate ....................... 14 EAI
2-Ethylhexylamine ........................... 7 EHM
Ethyl hexyl phthalate ...................... 34 EHE
Ethyl hexyl taIlate ............................ 34 EHT
Ethylidene norbornene .................... 230 ENB
Ethyl methacrylate ........................... 14 ETM
2-Ethyl-6-methyl-N-(I' -methyl-2-
methoxyethyl)aniline .................... 9 EEM
0-Ethyl phenoL ................................. 21 EPL
Ethyl propionate .............................. 34 EPR
2-Ethyl-3-propylacrolein .................. 219 EPA
Ethyl toluene .................................... 32 ETE
Fatty acids (saturated, C13 and
above) ............................................ 34
186
PART D: INSTRUCTOR MANUAL(APPENDIX 2)

No. code
Fatty acid amides ............................. 33
Ferric chloride solution ................... 1 FCS FCL
Ferric hydroxyethylethylene-
diaminetriacetic acid, trisodium
salt solution ................................... 243 FHX STA
Ferric nitrate, Nitric acid solution .. 3 FNN
Fish solubles (water based fISh meal
extracts) .......................................... 43 FSO
Formaldehyde, Methanol mixtures. 219 MTM
Formaldehyde solution .................... 219 FMS
Formamide .....'" ................................ 10 FAM
Formic acid ....................................... 24 FMA
Fructose solution .............................. 43
Fumaric adduct of Rosin, water
dispersion ...................................... 43 FAR
Furfural ............................................. 19 FFA
Furfuryl alcohol ............................... 220 FAL
Gas oil, cracked ................................ 33 GOC
Gasoline blending stock, alkylates .. 33 GAK
Gasoline blending stock,
reformates ...................................... 33 GRF
Gasolines:
Automotive (not over 4.23 grams
lead per gaL) .............................. 33 GAT
Aviation (not over 4.86 grams
lead per gal) ............................... 33 GAV AVA
Casinghead (natural) .................... 33 GCS
Polymer ......................................... 33 GPL
Straight run ................................... 33 GSR
Glutaraldehyde solution .................. 19 GTA
Glycerine .......................................... 220 GCR
Glycerol polyalkoxylate .................. 34
Glyceryl triacetate ........................... 34
Gylcidyl ester of tridecylacetic
acid ................................................ 34 GLT
Glycidyl ester of Versatic acid ....... 34 GLT
Glycol diacetate ............................... 34
Glycols, Resins, and Solvents
mixture .......................................... 33
Glyoxal solutions .............................. 19 GOS
Heptane ............................................. 31 HMX HPIIHPT
n-Heptanoic acid .............................. 4 HEP
Heptanol ........................................... , 20 HTX HTN
Heptene ............................................. 30 HPX HTE
Heptyl acetate ................................... 34 HPE
Herbicide (CI5-H22-N02-Cl) ......... 33 MCO
Hexamethylenediamine solution ..... 7 HMC HMD
187

No. code
Hexamethylenetetramine ................. 7 HMT
Hexamethylenetetramine solutions. 7 HTS
Hexamethylenimine .......................... 7 HMI
Hexane ............................................... 231 HXS IHA/HXA
Hexanoic acid ................................... 4 HXO
Hexanol ............................................. 20 HXN
Hexene ............................................... 30 HEX HXEIHXT
Hexyl acetate .................................... 34 HAE HSA
Hexylene glycol ............................... 20 HXG
Hydrochloric acid ............................ 1 HCL
Hydrochloric acid, spent ................. I HCS
Hydrofluorosilicic acid .................... 1 HFS
Hydrogen peroxide solutions .......... 10 HPN/HPS/HPO
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate ................. 1. 20 HAl
N-
(Hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine-
triacetic acid, trisodium salt
solution .......................................... 43 HET
2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio )butanoic
acid ................................................ 4 HBA
lsophorone ........................................ 21S IPH
lsophorone diamine .......................... 7 IPI
lsophorone diisocyanate .................. 12 IPD
Isoprene ............................................. 30 IPR
lsopropylbenzene ............................. 32 CUM
Jet fuels:
JP-l ................................................ 33 JPO
JP-3 ................................................ 33 JPT
JP-4 ................................................ 33 JPF
JP-S ................................................ 33 JPV
JP-S ................................................ 33 JPE
Kaolin clay slurry ............................ 43
Kerosene ........................................... 33 KRS
Ketone residue .................................. IS
Kraft black liquor ............................. S KPL
Kraft pulping liquors (Black,
Green, or White) ............................ S KPL
Lactonitrile solution ......................... 37 LNI
Latex, liquid synthetic ..................... 43 LLS LTX
Lauric acid ........................................ 34 LRA
Lignin liquor ..................................... 43
Magnesium chloride solution .......... 1. 20
Magnesium nonyl phenol sulfide .... 33
Magnesium sulfonate ........................ 34 MSE MAS
Maleic anhydride .............................. 11 MLA
Maleic anhydride copolymer .......... 33
188
Table I-Alphabetical List of Cargoes--Continued

No. code
Mercaptobenzothiazol, sodium salt
solution .......................................... 5 5MB
Mesityl oxide .................................... 218 MSO
Metam sodium solution .................... 7 MSS SMD
Methacrylic acid ............................... 4 MAD
Methacrylonitrile .............................. 15 MET
Methane ............................................. 31 MTH
3-Methoxy-l-butanol ........................ 20
3-Methoxybutyl acetate ................... 34 MOA
I-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate ............ 34 MPO
Methoxy triglycol ............................ 40 MTG
Methyl acetate .................................. 34 MTT
Methyl acetoacetate ......................... 34 MAE
Methyl acetylene, Propadiene
mixture .......................................... 30 MAP
Methyl acrylate ................................ 14 MAM
Methyl alcohol ................................. 220 MAL
Methylamine ..................................... 7 MTA
Methylamine solutions ..................... 7 MSZ
Methyl amyl acetate ........................ 34 MAC
Methyl amyl alcohol ........................ 20 MAA
Methyl amyl ketone ......................... 18 MAK
Methyl bromide ................................ 36 MTB
Methyl butenol ................................. 20 MBL
Methyl butyl ketone ......................... 18 MBK
Methyl tert-butyl ether .................... 241 MBE
Methylbutynol .................................. 20 MBY
3-Methyl butyraldehyde .................. 19
Methyl butyrate ................................ 34 MBU
Methyl chloride ................................ 36 MTC
Methylcyclohexane .......................... 31 MCY
Methylcyclopentadiene dimer ......... 30 MCK
Methyl diethanolamine .................... 8 MDE MAB
4,4'-Methylene dianiline (43% or
less), Polymethylene
polyphenylamine, 0-
Dichlorobenzene mixtures ........... 9 MDB
2-Methy 1-6-ethylaniline .................... 9 MEN
Methyl ethyl ketone ......................... 218 MEK
2-Methyl-s-ethylpyridine ................. 9 MEP
Methyl formaL ................................. 41 MTF
Methyl formate ................................. 34 MFM
Methyl heptyl ketone ....................... 18 MHK
2-Methyl-2-hydroxy-3-butyne ......... 20 MHB
Methyl isoamyl ketone .................... 18 MAK
Methyl isobutyl carbinol ................. 20 MIC
Methyl isobutyl ketone .................... 218 MIK
189

No. code
Methyl methacrylate ........................ 14 MMM
3-Methyl-3-methoxybutanol ............ 20
3-Methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate ... 34
Methyl naphthalene ......................... 32 MNA
Methylolureas ................................... 19 MUS
2-Methyl pentane .............................. 31 IHA
2-Methyl- 1-pentene .......................... 30 MPN
4-Methyl- 1-pentene .......................... 30 MTN
Methylpyridine ................................. 9 MPR/MPE/MPF
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone .................. 9 MPY
Methyl salicylate .............................. 34 MES
alpha- Methylstyrene ......................... 30 MSR
Metolachlor ...................................... 34 MCO
Mineral spirits ................................... 33 MNS
Molasses ............................................ 20
Molasses residue ............................... 0
Monochlorodifluoromethane ........... 36 MCF
Morpholine ....................................... 27 MPL
Motor fuel antiknock compounds
containing lead alkyls ................... 10 MFA
Myrcene ............................................ 30 MRE
Naphtha:
Coal tar solvent ............................ 33 NCT
Cracking fraction .......................... 233
Petroleum ...................................... 33 PTN
Solvent .......................................... 33 NSV
Stoddard solvent ........................... 33 NSS
Varnish Makers' and Painters' .... 33 NVM
Naphthalene ................................... '" 32 NTM
Naphthalene sulfonic acid-
formaldehyde copolymer,
sodium salt solution ...................... 0 NFS
Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium
salt solution ................................... 34 NSA
Naphthenic acid ............................... 4 NTI
Naphthenic acid, sodium salt
solution .......................................... 43 NTS
Neodecanoic acid ............................. 4 NEA
Nitrating acid .................................... 10 NIA
Nitric acid (70% or less) ................. 3 NCD
Nitric acid (greater than 70%) ........ 10 NAC
Nitrobenzene ..................................... 42 NTB
o-Nitrochlorobenzene ...................... 42 CNO CNP
Nitroethane ....................................... 42 NTE
o-Nitrophenol ................................... 1. 20 NTP NIP /NPH
Nitropropane .................................... 42 NPM NPN/NPP
Nitropropane, Nitroethane mixture 42 NNM
190

No. code
Nitrotoluene ...................................... 42 NIT NIE/NTI/NTR
Nonane .............................................. 31 NAX NAN
Nonanoic acid ................................... 4 NNA NAI/NIN
Nonene .............................................. 30 NON NNE
Nonyl alcohol ................................... 220 NNS NNI/NNN
Nonyl methacrylate ......................... 14 NMA
Nonyl phenol .................................... 21 NNP
Nonyl phenol (ethoxylated) ............ 40 NPE
Nonyl phenol poly(4-
12)ethoxylates ............................... 40 NPE
Nonyl phenol sulfide solution ......... 33 NPS
Noxious Liquid Substance, n.o.s.
(NLS's) .......................................... 0
I-Octadecene .................................... 30
Octadecenoamide ............................. 10 ODD
Octane ................................................ 31 OAX IOO/OAN
Octanoic acid .................................... 4 OAY OAA
Octene ............................................... 30 OTX OTE
Octyl alcohol (Octanol) ................... 220 OCX IOA/OTA
Octyl aldehyde ................................. 19 OAL IOC/OLX
Octyl decyl adipate .......................... 34 ODA
Octyl epoxytallate ............................ 34 OET
Octyl nitrate ...................................... 234 ONE
Octyl phenol ..................................... 21
Oil, edible:
Babassu .......................................... 34 OBB
Castor ............................................ 34 OCA
Coconut ......................................... 234 OCC
Com ............................................... 34 OCO
Cottonseed .................................... 34 OCS
Fish ................................................ 234 OFS
Lard ............................................... 34 OLD
Olive .............................................. 34 OOL
Palm ............................................... 234 OPM
Palm kernel ................................... 34 OPO
Peanut ............................................ 34 OPN
Rapeseed ....................................... 34 ORP
Rice bran ....................................... 34 ORB
Safflower ....................................... 34 OSF
Soya bean ...................................... 34 OSB
Sunflower seed ............................. 34 OSN
Tucum ........................................... 34 OTC
Vegetable ...................................... 34 OVG
Oil, fuel:
No.1 .............................................. 33 OON
No. I-D ......................................... 33 OOD
No.2 .............................................. 33 OTW
191

No. code
No. 2-D ......................................... 33 OTD
No.4 .............................................. 33 OFR
No.5 .........:.................................... 33 OFV
No.6 .............................................. 33 OSX
Oil, misc:
Absorption .................................... 33 OAS
Aliphatic ........................................ 33
Aromatic ....................................... 33
Clarified ......................................... 33 OCF
Coal ............................................... 33
Coconut oil, fatty acid methyl
ester ............................................ 34 OCM
Cotton seed oil, fatty acid ........... 34 CFY
Crude ............................................. 33 OIL
Diesel ............................................. 33 ODS
Heartcut distillate ......................... 33
Linseed .......................................... 33 OLS
Lubricating .................................... 33 OLB
Mineral .......................................... 33 OMN
Mineral seal ................................... 33 OMS
Motor ............................................. 33 OMT
Neatsfoot ....................................... 33 ONF
Oiticica .......................................... 34 001
Palm oil, fatty acid methyl ester. 34 OPE
Palm oil, methyl ester, see Palm
oil, fatty acid methyl ester ....... 34 OPE
Penetrating .................................... 33 OPT
Pine ................................................ 33 OPI
Range ............................................. 33 ORG
Residual ......................................... 33
Resin .............................................. 33 ORS
Resinous petroleum ...................... 33
Road .............................................. 33 ORD
Rosin .............................................. 33 ORN
Seal ................................................ 34
Soapstock ...................................... 34 OIS
Soybean (epoxidized) ................... 40 EVO
Sperm ............................................ 33 ~ P
S
Spindle ........................................... 33 OSD
Spray " ........................................... 33 OSY
Tall ................................................ 34 OTL
Tall, fatty acid .............................. 234 TOF
Tanner's ......................................... 33 OTN
Transformer .................................. 33 OTF
Tung .............................................. 34 OTG
Turbine .......................................... 33 OTB
White (mineral) ............................. 33
192

No. code
Olefin mixtures ................................. 30 OFX/OFY
alpha-Olefins (C6 - C18) mixtures .. 30 OAM
alpha-Olefins (C13 and above) ........ 30
Oleic acid .......................................... 34 OLA
Oleum ................................................ 1. 20 OLM
Oxyalkylated alkyl phenol
formaldehyde ................................ 33
Palm kernel oil, fatty acid ............... 34 PNO
Palm kernel oil, fatty acid methyl
ester ............................................... 34 PNF
Palm stearin ...................................... 34 PMS
n-ParafTms (CI0 - C20) .................... 31 PFN DCCIDOC/TRD
Paraldehyde ...................................... 19 PDH
. Pentachloroethane ............................ 36 PCE
Pentadecanol ..................................... 20 PDC
1,3-Pentadiene ................................... 30 PDE PDN
Pentaethylenehexamine,
Tetraethylenepentamine mixture. 7 PEP
Pentane .............................................. 31 PTY IPT IPT A
Pentene .............................................. 30 PTX PTE
Pentene, Miscellaneous
hydrocarbon mixture .................... 230
3-Pentenenitrile ................................. 37 PNT
Pentyl aldehyde ................................ 19
Percbloroethylene ............................ 36 PER
Petrolatum ........................................ 33 PTL
Phenol ............................................... 21 PHN
I-Phenyl-l-xylyl ethane ................... 32 PXE
Phosphoric acid ................................ 1 PAC
Phosphorus ....................................... 10 PPW /PPR/PPB
Phthalic anhydride ........................... 11 PAN
Pinene ................................................ 30 PIN
Pine oil .............................................. 33 OPI
Polyalkenyl succinic anhydride
amine ............................................. 33
Polyalkylene glycols, Polyalkylene
glycol monoalkyl ethers
mixtures ......................................... 40 PPX
Polyalkyl(Cl8 - C22) acrylate in
Xylene ........................................... 14 PIX
Polyalkylene oxide polyol ............... 20 PAO
Polybutadiene, hydroxyl
terminated ..................................... 20
Polybutene ........................................ 30 PLB
Polydimethylsiloxane ....................... 34
Polyethylene glycol ......................... 40
193

No. code
Polyethylene glycol dimethyl
. ether ............................................... 40
Polyethylene glycol monoalkyl
ether ............................................... 40 PEE
Polyethylene polyamines ................. 27 PEB
Polyferric sulfate solution ................ 34 PSS
Polyglycerol ..................................... 20 GCR
Polymethylene polyphenyl
isocyanate ...................................... 12 PPI
Polymethylsiloxane .......................... 34
Poly(20)oxyethylene sorbitan
monooleate .................................... 34 PSM
Polypropylene .................................. 30 PLP
Polypropylene glycol ....................... 40 PGC
Polypropylene glycol methyl ether 40 PGM
Polysiloxane ...................................... 34
Potassium hydroxide solution ......... 25 CPS
Potassium oleate ............................... 34 POE
Propane ............................................. 31 PRP
Propanolamine .................................. 8 PAX MPA/PLA
Propionaldehyde .............................. 19 PAD
Propionic acid .................................. 4 PNA
Propionic anhydride ......................... 11 PAH
Propionitrile ...................................... 37 PCN
n-Propoxypropanol .......................... 40 PXP
Propyl acetate ................................... 34 IAC/PAT
Propyl alcohol .................................. 220 IP AlP AL
Propylamine ...................................... 7 IPP /PRAlIPO
Propylbenzene ..,............................... 32 PBZ
iso-Propylcyclohexane '" .................. 31 IPX
Propylene .......................................... 30 PPL
Propylene-butylene copolymer ....... 30 PBP
Propylene dimer ............................... 30 PDR.
Propylene glycol .............................. 220 PPG
Propylene glycol monoalkyl ether. 40 PGE PME/PGY
Propylene glycol ethyl ether .......... 40 PGY PGE
Propylene glycol methyl ether ....... 40 PME PGE
Propylene oxide ................................ 16 POX
Propylene tetramer .......................... 30 P'IT
Propylene trimer .............................. 30 PTR
Propyl ether ...................................... 41 IPE/PRE
Pseudocumene .................................. 32 TME/TRE
Pyridine ........................ '" .................. 9 PRD
Pyridine bases ................................... 9 PRB
Rosin oil ............................................ 33 ORN
Rosin soap (disproportionated)
solution .......................................... 43 RSP
194

No. code
Rum ................................................... 20
Salicylaldehyde ................................. 19 SAL
Sewage sludge .................................. 43
Sodium acetate solution ................... 34 SAN
Sodium alkyl sulfonate sqlution ...... 43 SSU
Sodium aluminate solution .............. 5 SAU
Sodium benzoate solution ................ 34 SBN
Sodium borohydride, Sodium
hydroxide solution ........................ 5 SBX SBH/SBI
Sodium carbonate solutions ............. 5 SCE
Sodium chlorate solution ................. 1. 20 SDD SDC
Sodium cyanide solution .................. 5 SCS SCN
Sodium dichromate solution ............ 1. 20 SDL SCR
Sodium dimethyl naphthalene
sulfonate solution .......................... 234 DNS
Sodium hydrogen sulfide, Sodium
carbonate solution ........................ 20 SSS
Sodium hydrogen sulfite solution ... 43 SHX
Sodium hydrosuifide solution ......... 25 SHR
Sodium hydrosulfide, Ammonium
sulfide solution .............................. 25 SSA
Sodium hydroxide solution ............. 25 CSS
Sodium hypochlorite solution ......... 5 SHP SHC
Sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazol
solution .......................................... 5 5MB
Sodium naphthalene sulfonate
solution .......................................... 34 SNS
Sodium nitrite solution .................... 5 SNI SNT
Sodium polyacrylate solution .......... 243
Sodium salt of Ferric hydro-
xyethylethylenediaminetriacetic
acid solution .................................. 43 STA FHX
Sodium silicate solution ................... 243 SSN SSC
Sodium sulfide, Hydrosulfide
solution .......................................... 1. 20 SSH/SSI/SSJ
Sodium thiocyanate solution ........... 1. 20 STS SCY
Sorbitol solutions .............................. 20 SBT
Stearic acid ....................................... 34 SRA
Styrene .............................................. 30 STY STX
Sulfolane ........................................... 39 SFL
Sulfur ................................................. 10 SXX
Sulfuric acid ...................................... 22 SF A
Sulfuric acid, spent... ........................ 2 SAC
Tall oil ............................................... 34 OTL
Tall oil soap (disproportionatOO)
solution .......................................... 43 TOS
Tallow ............................................... 234 TLO
195
Table I-Alphabetical List of Cargoes-Continued .

No. code
Tallow fatty acid .............................. 234 TFD
Tallow fatty alcohol ........................ 20 TFA
Tallow nitrile .................................... 37
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ................ 36 TEC
Tetradecanol ..................................... 20 TIN
Tetradecene ...................................... 30 TID
Tetradecylbenzene ........................... 32 TDB AKB
Tetraethylene glycol ........................ 40 TIO
Tetraethylenepentamine ................... 7 TIP
Tetrahydrofuran ............................... 41 TUF
Tetrahydronaphthalene .................... 32 TUN
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene ............. 32 TIB
Tetrasodium salt of EDT A
solution .......................................... 43 EDS
Titanium tetrachloride ..................... 2 TTT
Toluene ............................................. 32 TOL
T oluenediamine ................................ 9 TDA
Toluene diisocyanate ....................... 12 TDI
0-Toluidine ........................................ 9 TLI
Triarylphosphate .............................. 34
Tributyl phosphate ........................... 34 TBP
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene .................... 36 TCB
1,1,1-Trichloroethane ....................... 236 TCE
1,1,2-Trichloroethane ....................... 36 TCM
Trichloroethylene ............................. 236 TCL
1,2,3-Trichloropropane .................... 36 TCN
1,1,2-Trichloro-l ,2,2-
trifl uoroethane .............................. 36 TTF
Tricresyl phosphate .......................... 34 TCO/TCP
Tridecane .......................................... 31 TRD PFN
Tridecanol ......................................... 20 TDN
Tridecene .......................................... 30 TDC
Tridecylbenzene ............................... 32 TRB AKB
Triethanolamine ................................ 28 TEA
Triethylamine ................................... 7 TEN
Triethylbenzene ................................ 32 TEB
Triethylene glycoL ......................... 40 TEO
Triethylene glycol butyl ether ........ 40
Triethylene glycol butyl ether
mixture .......................................... 40
Triethylene glycol di-(2-
ethylbutyrate )................................ 34 TOD
Triethylene glycol ether mixture .... 40
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether ........ 40 TOE
Triethylenetetramine ........................ 27 TET
Triethyl phosphate ........................... 34 TPS
Triethyl phosphite ............................ 234 TPI
196

No. code
Triisobutylene ................................... 30 TIB
T riisoocty I trimelli tate ..................... 34
Triisopropanolamine ........................ 8 TIP
Triisopropanolamine salt of 2,4-
solution .......................................... 43 DTI
Trimethylacetic acid ........................ 4 TAA
Trimethylbenzene ............................. 32 TRE TME/TMB/TMD
Trimethylhexamethylenediamine
(2,2,4- and 2,4,4-) .......................... 7 THA
Trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate (2,2,4- and 2,4,4-) .... 12 THI
Trimethylol propane
polyethoxylate .............................. 20 TPR
2,2,4- Trimethyl pentanediol-I,3-
diisobutyrate .................................. 34
2,2,4- Trimethyl-I,3-pentanediol-I-
isobutyrate ..................................... 34 TMP
2,2,4- Trimethyl-3-pentanol-I-
isobutyrate ..................................... 34
Trimethyl phosphite ......................... 234 TPP
Tripropylene ..................................... 30
Tripropylene glycol ......................... 40 TGC
Tripropylene glycol methyl ether .. 40 TGM
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate ............... 34
Trixylenyl phosphate ....................... 34 TRP
Turpentine ......................................... 30 TPT
Undecanoic acid ............................... 4 UDA
U ndecanol ......................................... 20 UND
Undecene .......................................... 30 UDC
Undecyl alcohol ............................... 20 UND
Undecylbenzene ............................... 32 UDB AKB
Urea, Ammonium mono- and di-
hydrogen phosphate, Potassium
chloride solution ........................... 0 UPX
Urea, Ammonium nitrate solution
(containing Ammonia) ................. 6 UAS
Urea, Ammonium nitrate solution
(not containing Ammonia) ........... 43 ANU
Urea, Ammonium phosphate
solution .......................................... 43 UAP
Valeraldehyde ................................... 19 IV A/V AL/V AK
Vanillin black liquor ........................ 5 VBL
Vegetable protein solution .............. 43
Vinyl acetate ..................................... 13 VAM
Vinyl acetate-Fumarate copolymer 34
Vinyl chloride .................................. 35 VCM
197

No. code
Vinyl ethyl ether .............................. 13 VEE
Vinylidene chloride .......................... 35 VCI
Vinyl neodecanate ............................ 13 VND
Vinyltoluene ..................................... .13 VNT
Waxes: ............................................... WAX
Carnauba ....................................... 34 WCA
Paraffin .......................................... 31 WPF
White spirit (low (15-20%)
aromatic) ....................................... 33 WSL WSP
Xylene ............................................... 32 XLX XLM/XLO/XLP
Xylenols ...,........................................ 21 XYL
Zinc bromide, Calcium bromide
solution see Drilling brine
(containing Zinc salts) .................. 43 DZB
1 Because of very high reactivity or unusual conditions of carriage or potential compat-
ibility problems, this product is not assigned to a specific group in the Compatibility
Chart. For additional compatibility information, contact Commandant (G-MTH), U.S.
Coast Guard, 2100 Second Street, SW., Washington, D.C. 20593-0001. Telephone (202)
267-1577.
2See Appendix I-Exceptions to the Chart.
198
Table II-Grouping of Cargoes

O. Unassigned Cargoes Urea, Ammonium mono- and di-
Acetone cyanohydrin 1,2 hydrogen phosphate, Potassium
Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 1,2 chloride solution
.Aluminium chloride, Hydrochloric 1. Non-Oxidizing Mineral Acids
acid solution 1 Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Ferric chloride solution
solution 1 Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium nitrate solution 1 Hydrochloric acid, spent
Ammonium thiocyanate, Ammonium Hydrofluorosilicic acid
thiosulfate solution 1 Phosphoric acid
Benzenesulfonyl chloride 1,2 2. Sulfuric Acids
gamma-Butyrolactone 1,2 Sulfuric acid 2
Chlorine 1 Sulfuric acid, spent
Chlorosulfonic acid 1 Titanium tetrachloride
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3. Nitric Acid
Dimethylamine salt solution 1,2 Ferric nitrate, Nitric acid solution
Dimethylamine salt of 2,4- Nitric acid (70% or less)
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 4. Organic Acids
solution 1,2 Acetic acid 2
Diphenylol propane-Epichlorohydrin Acrylic acid 2
resins 1 Butyric acid
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid 1,2 Cashew nut shell ·oil (untreated)
Ethyl chlorothioformate 1,2 Chloroacetic acid solution
Ethylene oxide 1 Chloropropionic acid
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate 1,2 Cyclohexane oxidation product acid
Magnesium chloride solution 1,2 water
Molasses residue 1 Decanoic acid
Motor fuel antiknock compounds 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
containing Lead alkyls 1 2,2-Dimethyloctanoic acid
Naphthalene sulfonic acid- 2-Ethylhexanoic acid
formaldehyde copolymer, sodium Formic acid 2
salt solution 1 n-Heptanoic acid
Nitrating acid 1 Hexanoic acid
Nitric acid (greater than 70%) 1 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio )butanoic
o-Nitrophenol 1,2 acid·
Noxious Liquid Substance, n.o.s. Methacrylic acid
(NLS's) 1 Naphthenic acid
Oleum 1,2
Neodecanoic acid
Phosphorus 1 Nonanoic acid
Sodium chlorate solution 1,2 Octanoic acid
Sodium dichromate solution 1,2 Propionic acid
Sodium hydrogen sulfide, Sodium Trimethylacetic acid
carbonate solution 1,2 Undecanoic acid
Sodium sulfide, Hydrosulfide
5. Caustics
solution 1,2
Ammonium sulfide solution
Sodium thiocyanate solution 1,2 Calcium hypochlorite solutions
Sulfur 1
Caustic potash solution 2
Caustic soda solution 2
Cresylate spent caustic
199
Cresylic acid, sodium salt solution Hexamethylenetetramine solutions

Kraft black liquor Hexamethylenimine
Kraft pulping liquors Isophorone diamine
Mercaptobenzothiazol, sodium salt Metam sodium solution
solution Methylamine
Potassium hydroxide solution 2 Methylamine solutions
Sodium aluminate solution Morpholine 2
Sodium borohydride, Sodium Pentaethylenehexamine,
hydroxide solution Tetraethylenepentamine mixture
Sodium carbonate solutions Polyethylene polyamines 2
Sodium cyanide solution Propylamine
Sodium hydrosulfide solution 2 Tetraethylenepentamine
Sodium hydrosulfide, Ammonium Triethylamine
sulfide solution 2 Triethylenetetramine 2
Sodium hydroxide solution 2 Trimethylhexamethylene diamine
Sodium hypochlorite solution (2,2,4- and 2,4,4-)
Sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazol 8. Alkanolamines
solution 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol
Sodium nitrite solution Aminoethyldiethanolamine,
Vanillin black liquor Aminoethylethanolamine solution
6. Ammonia Aminoethylethanolamine
Ammonia, anhydrous 2-Amino-2-methyl-l-propanol
Ammonium hydroxide (28% or less Diethanolamine
Ammonia) Diethylaminoethanol
Ammonium nitrate, Urea solution Diethylethanolamine
(containing Ammonia) Diisopropanolamine
Urea, Ammonium nitrate solution Dimethylethanolamine
(containing Ammonia) Ethanolamine
7. Aliphatic Amines Propanolamine
N-Aminoethylpiperazine Triethanolamine 2
Butylamine Triisopropanolamine
Cyclohexylamine 9. Aromatic Amines
Dibutylamine Aniline
Diethylamine 2 4-Chlor0-2-methylphenoxyacetic
Diethylenetriamine acid, Dimethyiamine salt solution
Diisobutylamine 2,6-Diethylaniline
Diisopropylamine Dimethylamine salt of 4-Chlor0-2-
Dimethylamine methylphenoxyacetic acid solution
Dimethylamine solution 2,6-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylcyc1ohexylamine 2-Ethyl-6-methyl-N-(1' -methyl-2-
Di-n-propylamine methoxyethyl)aniline
Dodecylamine, Tetradecylamine 4,4'-Methylene dianiline (43% or
mixture 2 less), Polymethylene
Ethylamine 2 polyphenylamine,o-
Ethylamine solution Dichlorobenzene mixtures
N-Ethyl-n-butylamine 2-Methyl-6-ethyl aniline
N-Ethyl cyc10hexylamine 2-Methyl-5-ethyl pyridine
Ethylenediamine 2 Methyl pyridine
2-Ethyl hexylamine 3-Methylpyridine
Hexamethylenediamine solution N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Hexamethylenetetramine Pyridine
200
Pyridine bases 1,3-Dichloropropene

Toluenediamine Dichloropropene, Dichloropropane
p-Toluidine mixtures
10. Amides Methacrylonitrile
Acrylamide solution 16. Alkylene Oxides
N,N-Dimethylacetamide Butylene oxide
N,N-Dimethylacetamide solution Ethylene oxide, Propylene oxide
Dimethylformamide mixtures
Formamide Propylene oxide
Octadecenoanl1de 17. Epichlorohydrin
11. Organic Anhydrides Chlorohydrins
Acetic anhydride Epichlorohydrin
Maleic anhydride 18. Ketones
Phthalic anhydride Acetone 2
Propionic anhydride Acetophenone
Isocyanates Amyl methyl ketone
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate Butyl heptyl ketone
Isophorone diisocyanate Camphor oil
Polymethylene polyphenyl Cyclohexanone
isocyanate Cyclohexanone, Cyclohexanol
Toluene diisocyanate mixtures 2
Trimethylhexamethylene Diisobutyl ketone
diisocyanate (2,2,4- and 2,4,4-) Ethyl amyl ketone
13. Vinyl Acetate Epoxy resin
Vinyl acetate Ketone residue
Vinyl ethyl ether Isophorone 2
Vinyl neodecanate Mesityl oxide 2
Vinyl toluene Methyl amyl ketone
14. Acrylates Methyl butyl ketone
Butyl acrylate Methyl butyl ketone
Butyl methacrylate Methyl diethanolamine
Butyl methacrylate, Decyl Methyl ethyl ketone 2
methacrylate, Cetyl"Eicosyl Methyl heptyl ketone
methacrylate mixture Methyl isoamyl ketone
Cetyl-Eicosyl methacrylate mixture Methyl isobutyl ketone 2
Decyl acrylate 19. Aldehydes
Dodecyl methacrylate Acetaldehyde
Dodecyl-Pentadecyl methacrylate Acrolein 2
mixture Butyraldehyde
Ethyl acrylate Crotonaldehyde 2
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Decaldehyde
Ethyl methacrylate Ethylhexaldehyde
Methyl acrylate 2-Ethyl-3-propylacrolein 2
Methyl methacrylate Formaldehyde, Methanol mixtures 2
Nonyl methacrylate Formaldehyde solution 2
Polyalkyl(C18 - C22) acrylate in Furfural
Xylene Glutaraldehyde solution
15. Substituted Allyls Glyoxal solutions
Acrylonitrile 2 3-Methyl butyraldehyde
Allyl alcohol 2 Methylolureas
Allyl chloride Octyl aldehyde
201
Paraldehyde Polybutadiene, hydroxyl terminated

Pentyl aldehyde Polyglycerol
Propionaldehyde Propyl alcohol 2
Salicylaldehyde Propylene glycol 2
Valeraldehyde Rum
20. Alcohols, Glycols Sorbitol solutions
Acrylonitrile-Styrene copolymer Tallow fatty alcohol
dispersion in Polyether polyol Tetradecanol
Alcoholic beverages Tridecanol
Alcohol polyethoxylates Trimethylol propane polyethoxylate
Alcohol polyethoxylates, secondary Undeeanol
Alcohols (C13 and above) Undeeyl alcohol
Amyl alcohol 21. Phenols, Cresols
Behenyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol
Brake fluid base mixtures Carbolic oil
Butyl alcohol 2 Creosote 2
Butylene glycol 2 Cresols
Choline chloride solutions Cresylic acid
Cyclohexanol 2,4-Dichlorophenol
Deeyl alcohol 2 Dodeeyl phenol
Diacetone alcohol 2 o-Ethylphenol
Diisobutyl carbinol Nonyl phenol
2,2-Dimethylpropane-I,3-diol Octyl phenol
Dodeeanol Phenol
Dodeeyl alcohol Xylenols
Ethoxylated alcohols, CII-CI5 22. Caprolactam Solutions
2-Ethoxyethanol Caprolactam solution
Ethyl alcohol 2 23 - 29. Unassigned
Ethyl butanol 30. Olefins
Ethylene chlorohydrin Amylene
Ethylene cyanohydrin Butadiene
Ethylene glycol 2 Butadiene, Butylene mixtures (cont.
2-Ethylhexanol Acetylenes)
Furfuryl alcohol 2 Butene
Glycerine 2
Butene oligomer
Heptanol Butylene
Hexanol 1,5,9-Cyclododeeatriene
Hexylene glycol 1,3-Cyclopentadiene dimer
3-Methoxy-I-butanol Cyclopentadiene polymers
Methyl alcohol 2 Cyclopentadiene, Styrene, Benzene
Methyl amyl alcoho,l mixture
Methyl butenol Cyclopen~ene
Methylbutynol Decene
2-Methyl-2-hydroxy-3-butyne Dicyclopentadiene
Methyl isobutyl carbinol Diisobutylene
3-Methyl-3-methoxybutanol Dipentene
Molasses Dodeeene
Nonyl alcohol 2 Ethylene
Octyl alcohol 2 Ethyiidene norbomene 2
Pentadecanol I-Heptene
Polyalkylene oxide polyol Hexene
202
Isoprene Propane
Methyl acetylene, Propadiene iso-Propylcyc1ohexane
mixture Tridecane
Methylcyc10pentadiene dimer Waxes:
2-Methyl-l-pentene Paraffin
4-Methyl-l-pentene 32. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
alpha-Methyl styrene Alkyl acrylate-Vinyl pyridine
Myrcene copolymer in Toluene
Nonene Alkyl(C9 - CI7) benzenes
l-Octadecene Benzene
Octene Benzene hydrocarbon mixtures
Olefm mixtures (having 10% Benzene or more)
alpha-Olefins (C6 - CIS) mixtures Benzene, Toluene, Xylene mixtures
alpha-Olefins (C13 and above) Butylbenzene
1,3-Pentadiene Butyl phenol, Formaldehyde resin in
Pentene Xylene
Pentene, Miscellaneous hydrocarbon Butyl toluene
mixture 2 Cumene
Pinene Cymene
Polybutene Decylbenzene
Polypropylene Dialkyl(ClO - C14) benzenes
Propylene Diethylbenzene
Propylene-butylene copolymer Dnsopropylbenzene
Propylene dimer Dnsopropyl naphthalene
Propylene tetramer Diphenyl
Propylene trimer Dodecylbenzene
Styrene Ethylbenzene
Tetradecene Ethyl toluene
Tridecene Isopropylbenzene
Triisobutylene Methyl naphthalene
Tripropylene Naphthalene
Turpentine I-Phenyl-I-xylyl ethane
Undecene Propylbenzene
31. Paraffins Pseudocumene
Butane Tetradecylbenzene
Cycloaliphatic resins Tetrahydronaphthalene
Cycloheptane 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Cyclohexane Toluene
Cyclopentane Tridecylbenzene
Decane Triethylbenzene
Dodecane Trimethylbenzene
Ethane Undecylbenzene
Heptane Xylene
Hexane 2 33. Miscellaneous Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Methane Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium
Methylcyclohexane salt solutions
2-Methyl pentane Asphalt blending stocks, roofers flux
Nonane Asphalt blending stocks, straight run
Octane residue
n-Paraffins (CIO - C20) Aviation alkylates
Pentane
203
Calcuim sulfonate, Calcium No.5

carbonate, Hydrocarbon solvent No.6
mixture Oil, mise:
Carbon black base Absorption
Coal tar Aliphatic
Coal tar pitch Aromatic
Decahydronaphthalene Clarified
Diphenyl, Diphenyl ether Coal
Distillates, flashed feed stocks Crude
Distillates, straight run Diesel
Drilling mud (low toxicity) (if Heartcut distillate
flammable or combustible) Linseed
Fatty acid amides Lubricating
Gas oil, cracked Mineral
Gasoline blending stock, alkylates Mineral seal
Gasoline blending stock, reformates Motor
Gasolines: Neatsfoot
Automotive (not over 4.23 grams Penetrating
lead per gal.) Pine
Aviation (not over 4.86 grams Range
lead per gal.) Resin
Casinghead (natural) Resinous petroleum
Polymer Rosin
Straight run Sperm
Glycols, Resins, and Solvents Spindle
mixture Spray
Herbicide (CI5-H22-N02-CI) Tanner's
Jet Fuels: Turbine
JP-I White (mineral)
JP-3 Residual
JP-4 Road
JP-5 Transformer
JP-S Oxyalkylated alkyl phenol
Kerosene formaldehyde
Magnesium nonyl phenol sulfide Petrolatum
Maleic anhydride copolymer Pine oil
Mineral spirits Polyalkenyl succinic anhydride
Naphtha: amine
Coal tar solvent White spirit (low (15-20%) aromatic)
Cracking fraction 2 34. Esters
Petroleum Acetyl tributyl citrate
Solvent Alkyl phthalates
Stoddard solvent Amyl acetate
Varnish Makers' and Painters' Amyl tallate
Nonyl phenolsulfide solution Benzene triclq"boxylic acid trioctyl
Oil, fuel: ester
No.1 Benzyl acetate
No. I-D Butyl acetate
No.2 Butyl benzyl phthalate
No. 2-D n-Butyl butyrate
No.4 Butyl formate
204
iso-Butyl isobutyrate Ethyl hexyl phthalate

Calcium naphthenate in Mineral oil Ethyl hexyl tallate
Calcium nitrate, Magnesium nitrate, Ethyl propionate
Potassium chloride solution Ethyl propionate
Coconut oil, fatty acid Fatty acids (saturated, C13 and
Cottonseed oil, fatty acid above)
Cyclohexyl acetate Glycerol polyalkoxylate
Dialkyl(C7 - C13) phthalates Glyceryl triacetate
Dibutyl phthalate Gylcidyl ester of tridecylacetic acid
Diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate Glycidyl ester of Versatic acid
Diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate Glycol diacetate
Diethylene glycol methyl ether Heptyl acetate
acetate Hexyl acetate
Diethylene glycol phthalate Lauric acid
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate Magnesium sulfonate
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 3-Methoxybutyl acetate
Diethyl phthalate I-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate
Diethyl sulfate Methyl acetate
Diheptyl phthalate Methyl acetoacetate
Di-n-hexyl adipate Methyl amyl acetate
Diisobutyl phthalate Methyl butyrate
Diisodecyl phthalate Methyl formate
Diisononyl adipate 3-Methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate
Diisononyl phthalate Methyl salicylate
Diisooctyl phthalate Metolachlor
Dimethyl adipate Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium
Dimethylcyclicsiloxane hydrolyzate salt solution (40% or less)
Dimethyl glutarate Octyl decyl adipate
Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite 2 Octyl epoxytallate
Dimethyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, Octyl nitrate 2
sodium salt solution 2 Oil, edible:
Dimethyl phthalate Babassu
Dimethyl polysiloxane Castor
Dimethyl succinate Coconut 2
Dinonyl phthalate Corn
Dioctyl phthalate Cotton seed
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate Fish 2
Ditridecyl phthalate Lard
2-Dodecenylsuccinic acid, Olive
dipotassium salt solution Palm 2
Diundecyl phthalate Palm kernel
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate Peanut
Ethyl acetate Rapeseed
Ethyl aceto~cetate Rice bran
Ethyl butyrate Safflower
Ethylene glycol acetate Soya bean
Ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate Sunflower
Ethylene glycol diacetate Sunflower seed
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate Tucum
Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate Vegetable
Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate
205
Oil, mise: Waxes:

Coconut oil, fatty acid methyl Carnauba
ester 35. Vinyl Halides
Cotton seed oil, fatty acid Vinyl chloride
Palm oil, fatty acid methyl ester Vinylidene chloride
Palm oil, methyl ester 36. Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Soapstock Benzyl chloride
Tall' Carbon tetrachloride
Tall, fatty acid 2 Chlorinated paraffins (CIO - C13)
Tung Chlorinated paraffins (C14 - CI7)
Oleic acid Chlorobenzene
Palm kernel oil, fatty acid Chlorodifluoromethane
Palm kernel oil, fatty acid methyl Chloroform
ester Chlorotoluene
Palm stearin Dichlorobenzene
Polydimethylsiloxane Dichlorodifluoromethane
Polyferric sulfate solution 1,1-Dichloroethane
Polymethylsiloxane 2,2'-Dichloroisopropyl ether
Poly(20)oxyethylene sorbitan Dichloromethane
monooleate Dichloropropane
Polysiloxane Ethyl chloride
Potassium oleate Ethylene dibromide
Propyl acetate Ethylene dichloride 2
Sodium acetate solution Methyl bromide
Sodium benzoate solution Methyl chloride
Sodium dimethyl naphthalene Monochlorodifluoromethane
sulfonate solution 2 Pentachloroethane
Sodium naphthalene sulfonate Perchloroethylene
solution I, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Stearic acid 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Tall oil I,I,I-Trichloroethane 2
Tallow 2
I, 1,2-Trichloroethane
Tallow fatty acid 2 Trichloroethylene 2
Triarylphosphate 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Tributyl phosphate 1,1,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane
Tricresyl phosphate 37. Nitriles
Triethylene glycol di-(2- Acetonitrile
ethylbutyrate)
Adiponitrile
Triethyl phosphate
Lactonitrile solution
Triethyl phosphite 2
3-Pentenenitrile
Triisooctyl trimeIlitate 2
Propionitrile
2,2,4-Trimethyl pentanediol-I,3- Tallow nitrile
diisobutyrate
38. Carbon Disulfide
2,2,4-Trimethyl-I,3-pentanediol-l-
Carbon disulfide
isobutyrate
39. SulfoIane
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanol-l-
Sulfolane
isobutyrate
Trimethyl phosphite 2 40. Glycol Ethers
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Diethylene glycol
Trixylenyl phosphate Diethylene glycol butyl ether
Vinyl acetate-Fumarate copolymer Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether
Diethylene glycol ethyl ether
206
Diethylene glycol methyl ether Ethyl ether

Diethylene glycol phenyl ether Methyl-tert-butyl ether 2
Dipropylene glycol Methyl formal
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether Propyl ether
Ethoxy triglycol Tetrahydrofuran
Ethylene glycol tert-butyl ether 42. Nitrocompounds
Ethylene glycol butyl ether Dinitrotoluene
Ethylene glycol dibutyl ether Nitrobenzene
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether o-Nitrochlorobenzene
Ethylene glycol isopropyl ether Nitroethane
Ethylene glycol methyl ether Nitropropane
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether Nitropropane, Nitroethane mixture
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether, Nitrotoluene
Diethylene glycol phenyl ether
43. Miscellaneous Water Solutions
mixture
Aluminum sulfate solution 2
Ethylene glycol propyl ether
2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-I,3-
Methoxy triglycol
propanediol solution
Nonyl phenol (ethoxylated)
Ammonium bisulfite solution 2
Nonyl phenol poly(4-12)ethoxylates
Oil, mise:
(not containing Ammonia)
Soybean (epoxidized)
Ammonium polyphosphate solution
Polyalkylene glycols, Polyalkylene
Ammonium sulfate solution
glycol monoalkyl ethers mixtures
Ammonium thiosulfate solution
Polyethylene glycols
Calcium bromide solution
Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Calcium chloride solution
Polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether Com syrup
Polypropylene glycol methyl ether
Dextrose solution
Polypropylene glycols
Diammonium salt of Zinc EDT A
n-Propoxypropanol
solution
Propylene glycol monoalkyl ether
Propylene glycol ethyl ether
Diethanolamine salt solution
Propylene glycol methyl ether
Tetraethylene glycol
Triisopropanolamine salt solution
Triethylene glycol 2
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride, Ethanol mixture solution
mixture
Diethanolamine salt of 2,4-
Triethylene glycol ether mixture
Triethylene glycol ethyl ether
solution
Tripropylene glycol
Dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate
Tripropylene glycol methyl ether
solution
41. Ethers
Drilling brine (containing Calcium,
Butyl ether
Potassium, or Sodium salts)
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether Drilling brine (containing Zinc salts)
Digylcidyl ether of Bisphenol A Drilling mud (low toxicity) (if non-
Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol F flammable or non-combustible)
Dimethyl furan
Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid,
1,4-Dioxane
tetrasodium salt solution
Diphenyl ether
Ethylene-Vinyl acetate copolymer
Diphenyl ether, Diphenyl phenyl emulsion
ether mixture
207
Ferric hydroxyethylethylenediamine Tall oil soap (disproportionated)

triacetic acid, trisodium salt solution
solution 2 Tetrasodium salt of EDT A solution
Fish solubles (water based fish meal Triisopropanolamine salt of 2,4-
extracts) Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Fructose solution solution
Fumaric adduct of Rosin, water Urea, Ammonium nitrate solution
dispersion (not containing Ammonia)
N-(Hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine Urea, Ammonium phosphate solution
iriacetic acid, trisodium salt Vegetable protein solution
solution (hydrolysed)
Kaolin clay slurry
Latex, liquid synthetic
Lignin liquor Footnotes to Table n
Naphthenic acid, sodium salt solution 1 Because of very high reactivity or 00-
Rosin soap (disproportionated) usual conditions of carriage or potential
solution compatibility problems, this product is not
Sewage sludge, treated assigned to a specific group in the Com-
Sodium alkyl sulfonate solution patibility. Chart. For additional compat-
Sodium hydrogen sulfite solution ibility information, contact Commandant
Sodium polyacrylate solution 2 (G-MTH) , U.S. Coast Guard, 2100
Sodium salt of Ferric Second Street, SW., Washington, D.C.
hydroxyethylethylenediamine 20593-0001. Telephone (202) 267-1577.
triacetic acid solution 2 See Appendix I-Exceptions to the
Sodium silicate solution 2 Chart.
Appendix I-Exceptions to the Chart

(a). The binary combinations listed below have been tested as pre-
scribed in Appendix III and fou~d not to be dangerously reactive.
These combinations are exceptions to the Compatibility Chart (Figure
1) and may be stowed in adjacent tanks.
Member of reactive group Compatible with
Acetone (18) Diethylenetriamine (7)

Acetone cyanohydrin (0) Acetic acid (4)
ACrylonitrile (15) Triethanolamine (8)
1,3-Butylene glycol (20) Morpholine (7)
1,4-Butylene glycol (20) Ethylamine (7)
Triethanolamine (8)
Caustic potash, 50% or less (5) Ethyl alcohol (20)
Ethylene glycol (20)
Isopropyl alcohol (20)
Methyl alcohol (20)
iso-Octyl alcohol (20)
208
Member of reactive group Compatible with
Caustic soda, 50% or less (5) Butyl alcohol (20)

tert-Butyl alcohol, Methanol mixtures
Decyl alcohol (20)
Diacetone alcohol (20)
Diethylene glycol (40)
Ethyl alcohol (20)
Ethyl alcohol (40%, whiskey) (20)
Ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol mixture
(20)
Ethyl hexanol (Cetyl alcohol) (20)
Methyl alcohol (20)
Nonyl alcohol (20)
Propyl alcohol (20)
Propylene glycol (20)
Sodium chlorate (0)
iso-Trideoanol (20)
Dodecyl and Tetradecylamine mixture (7) Tall oil, fatty acid (34)
Ethylenediamine (7) Butyl alcohol (20)
tert-Butyl alcohol (20)
Butylene glycol (20)
Creosote (21)
Diethylene glycol (40)
Ethyl alcohol (20)
Ethyl hexanol (20)
Glycerine (20)
lsononyl alcohol (20)
Isophorone (18)
Methyl butyl ketone (18)
Methyl iso-butyl ketone (18)
Methyl ethyl ketone (18)
Propyl alcohol (20)
Propylene glycol (20)
Oleum (0) Hexane (31)
Dichloromethane (36)
Perchloroethylene (36)
1,2-Propylene glycol (20) Diethylenetriamine (7)
Polyethylene polyamines (7)
Triethylenetetramine (7)
Sulfuric acid (2) Coconut oil (34)
Coconut oil acid (34)
Palm oil (34)
Tallow (34)
Sulfuric acid, 98% or less (2) Choice white grease tallow (34)
209
(b). The binary combinations listed below have been determined to

be dangerously reactive, based on either data obtained in the literature
or on laboratory testing which has been carried out in accordance with
procedures prescribed in Appendix III. These combinations are excep-
tions to the Compatibility Chart (Figure 1) and may not be stowed in
adjacent tanks.
• Acetone cyanohydrin (0) is not compatible with Groups 1-12, 16, 17,
and 22.
• Acrolein (19) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-Oxidizing Miner-
al Acids.
• Acrylic acid (4) is not compatible with Group 9, Aromatic Amines.
• Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (0) is not compatible with Groups 1-3, 5-9,
15, 16, 18, 19, 30, 34, 37, and strong oxidizers.
• Allyl alcohol (15) is not compatible with Group 12, Isocyanates.
• Aluminum sulfate solution (43) is not compatible with Groups 5-11.
• Ammonium bisulfite solution (43) is not compatible with Groups 1, 3,
4, and 5.
• Benzenesulfonyl chloride (0) is not compatible with Groups 5-7 and
43.
• gamma-Butyrolactone (0) is not compatible with Groups 1-9.
• Crotonaldehyde (19) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-Oxidizing
Mineral Acids.
• Cyc1ohexanone, Cyclohexanol mixture (18) is not compatible with
Group 12, Isocyanates.
• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Dimethylamine salt solution (0) is
not compatible with Groups 1-5, 11, 12, and 16.
• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Triisopropanolamine salt solution
(43) is not compatible with Group 3, Nitric Acid.
• Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite (34) is not compatible with Groups 1
and 4.
• Dimethyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt solution (34) is not
compatible with Group 12, Formaldehyde, and strong oxidizing
agents.
• Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (0) is not compatible with oxidizing
agents and Groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 30, 34, and 37.
210
• Ethyl chlorothioformate (0) is not compatible with Groups 5, 6, 7, 8,

and 9.
• Ethylenediamine (7) is not compatible with Ethylene dichloride (36).
• Ethylene dichloride (36) is not compatible with Ethylenediamine (7).
• Ethylidene norbomene (30) is not compatible with Groups 1-3 and 5-
8.
• 2-Ethyl-3-propylacrolein (19) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-
Oxidizing Mineral Acids.
• Ferric hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid, Sodium salt solu-
tion (43) is not compatible with Group 3, Nitric acid.
• Fish oil (34) is not compatible with Sulfuric acid (2).
• Formaldehyde (over. 50%) in Methyl alcohol (over 30%) (19) is not
compatible with Group 12, Isocyanates.
• Formic acid (4) is not compatible with Furfural alcohol (20).
• Furfuryl alcohol (20) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-Oxidizing
Mineral Acids and Formic acid (4).
• 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate is not compatible with Groups 2, 3, 5-8, and
12.
• Isophorone (18) is not compatible with Group 8, Alkanolamines.
• Magnesium chloride solution (0) is not compatible with Groups 2, 3,
5, 6, and 12.
• Mesityl oxide (18) is not compatible with Group 8, Alk~olamines.
• Methyl tert-butyl ether (41) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-
oxidizing Mineral Acids.
• Naphtha, cracking fraction (33) is not compatible with strong acids,
caustics or oxidizing agents.
• o-Nitrophenol (0) is not compatible with Groups 2,3, and 5-10.
• Octyl nitrates (all isomers) (34) is not compatible with Group 1, Non-
oxidizing Mineral Acids.
• Oleum (0) is not compatible with Sulfuric acid (2) and 1,1,I-Trichlor-
oethane (36).
• Pentene, Miscellaneous hydrocarbon mixtures (30) are not compatible
with strong acids or oxidizing agents.
211
• Sodium chlorate solution (50% or less) (0) is not compatible with

Groups 1-3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 17, and 20.
• Sodium dichromate solution (70% or less) (0) is not compatible with
Groups 1-3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 17, and 20.
• Sodium dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate solution (34) is not compati-
ble with Group 12, Formaldehyde and strong oxidizing agents.
• Sodium hydrogen sulfide, Sodium carbonate solution (0) is not com-
patible with Groups 6 (Ammonia) and 7 (Aliphatic amines).
• Sodium hydrosulfide (5) is not compatible with Groups 6 (Ammonia)
and 7 (Aliphatic amines).
• Sodium hydrosulfide, Ammonium sulfide solution (5) is not compati-
ble with Groups 6 (Ammonia) and 7 (Aliphatic amines).
• Sodium polyacrylate solution (43) is not compatible with Group 3,
Nitric Acid.
• Sodium salt of Ferric hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid so-
lution (43) is not compatible with Group 3, Nitric acid.
• Sodium silicate solution (43) is not compatible with Group 3, Nitric
Acid.
• Sodium sulfide, hydrosulfide solution (0) is not compatible with
Groups 6 (Ammonia) and 7 (Aliphatic amines).
• Sodium thiocyanate (56% or less) (0) is not compatible with Groups
1-4.
• Sulfuric acid (2) is not compatible with Fish oil (34), or Oleum (0).
• Tallow fatty acid (34) is not compatible with Group 5, Caustics.
• 1,1,I-Trichloroethane (36) is not compatible with Oleum (0).
• Trichloroethylene (36) is not compatible with Group 5, Caustics.
• Triethyl phosphite (34) is not compatible with Groups 1 and 4.
• Trimethyl phosphite (34) is not compatible with Groups 1 and 4.
Appendix II-Explanation of Figure 1
Definition of a hazardous reaction-As a first approximation, a mix-
ture of two cargoes is considered hazardous when, under specified con-
dition, the temperature rise of the mixture exceeds 25°C or a gas is
evolved. I~ is possible for the reaction of two cargoes to produce a
product that is significantly more flammable or toxic than the original
212
cargoes even though the reaction is non-hazardous from temperature or

pressure considerations, although no examples of such a reaction are
known at this time.
Chartformat-There are different degrees of reactivity among the
various cargoes. Many of them are relatively non-reactive: For exam-
ple, aromatic hydrocarbons or paraffins. Others will form hazardous
combinations with many groups: For example, the inorganic acids.
The cargo groups in the compatibility chart are separated into two
categories: 1 through 22 are "Reactive Groups" and 30 through 43 are
"Cargo Groups". Left unassigned and available for future expansion are
groups 23 through 29 and those past 43. Reactive Groups contain prod-
ucts which are chemically the most reactive; dangerous combinations
may result between members of different Reactive Groups and between
members of Reactive Groups and Cargo Groups. Products assigned to
Cargo Groups, however, are much less reac.tive; dangerous combina-
tions involving these can be formed only with members of certain Re-
active Groups. Cargo Groups do not react hazardously with one an-
other.
Using the CompatibilityChart-The following procedure explains
how the compatibility chart should be used to find compatibility info-
mation:
(1) Determine the group numbers of the two cargoes by referring
to the alphabetical 'listing of cargoes and the corresponding groups
(Table I). Many cargoes are listed under their parent names; unless oth-
erwise indicated, isomers or mixtures of isomers of a particular cargo
are assigned to the same group. For example, to find the group number
for Isobutyl Alcohol, look under the parent name Butyl Alcohol. Simi-
larly, the group number for para-Xylene is found under the entry
Xylene. If a cargo cannot be found in this listing, contact the Coast
Guard for a group determination (see § 150.140).
(2) If both group numbers are between 30 and 43 inclusive, the
products are compatible and the chart need not be used.
(3) If both group numbers do not fall between 30 and 43 inclusive,
locate one of the numbers on the left of the chart (Cargo Groups) and
the other across the top (Reactive Groups). (Note that if a group
number is between 30 and 43, it can only be found on the left side of
the chart.) The box formed by the intersection of the column and row
containing the two numbers will contain one of the following:
(a) Blank-The two cargoes are compatible.
213
SPECIALIZED
TRAINING
FORCHEMICAL
TANKERS
(b) "X"-The two cargoes are not compatible.

(Note that reactivity may vary among the group members. Refer
to Table I or Table II to find whether the products in question are ref-
eren~ed by a footnote which indicates that exceptions exist and are
listed in Appendix I. Unless the combination is specifically mentioned in
Appendix I, it is compatible.)
Examples
Combination Groups Compatible
Butyraldehyde/
AceticAcid 19/4 Yes
AllylAlcohol/TolueneDiisocyanate 15/12 No
Decene/EthylBenzene 30/32 Yes
Ethanolamine/Acetone 8/18 Yes
Ammonia/Dimethylformamide 6/10 No
Appendix III-Testing Procedures for Determining Exceptions to the

Chart
Experimental Procedure for Evaluating Binary Chemical Reactivity
General safety precautions-Chemical reactivity tests have, by their
nature, serious potential for injuring the experimenter or destroying
equipment. The experimenter should 1)have knowledge of the magni-
tude of the reactivity to be expected, 2) use adequate facilities and pro-
tective equipment to prevent injury from splatter of materials or release
of fumes, and 3) start on a small scale so that unexpected reactions can
be safely contained. All tests should be performed in a well-ventilated
laboratory hood provided with shields.
Testing chemicals other than liquids-The procedure outlined below
was developed for chemicals which are liquids at' ambient temperatures.
If one or both chemicals are normally shipped at elevated temperatures,
the same procedure may be followed except the chemicals are tested at
their respective shipping temperatures and the oil bath in Step 3 is
maintained at a level 25°C above the higher temperature. This informa-
tion is then indicated on the data sheet. If one of the chemicals is a gas
at ambient temperatures, consult the Coast Guard for additional instruc-
tions before proceeding with the compatibility test.
Step 1
Objective-To determine if the test chemicals react violently and
present a safety hazard in further tests.
214
Procedure-Place 0.5 ml of one (A) of the test chemicals in a

25X 150mm test tube. Clamp the test tube to a stand behind a safety
shield (in a hood). Carefully add from a dropper 0.5 ml of the other
substance (B). Shake to induce mixing. If no immediate reaction occurs,
retain the mixture for at least 10 minutes to check for a delayed reac-
tion.
Results-If a violent reaction occurs, such as sputtering, boiling of
reactants or release of fumes, record the results on the Data Sheet (Ap-
pendix IV) and do not proceed to Step 2. If no reaction or a minor
reaction occurs, proceed to Step 2.
Step 2
Objective-To determine the heat of reaction of two chemicals on
mixing under specified conditions.
Procedure-These separate mixes of the proposed binary combina-
tion will be tested. These are 2ml: 18ml, 10 ml : 10 ml, and
18 ml : 2 ml, respectively, to result in a final mixture of about 20 ml in
each case.
A reference-junctioned thermocouple is prepared by inserting two
lengths of 20 gauge or finer iron-constantan or chromelalumel duplex
thermocouple wire into glass capilary sheaths. The common wire of
each probe is joined, while the other wire of each is connected to a
strip-chart recorder. The thermocouple probe which produces a nega-
tive pen deflection upon warming is the reference junction and is
placed in a test tube of water at ambient laboratory temprature. The
other probe is placed near the bottom of a Dewar flask of about 300 ml
capacity, such that the thermocouple will be below the surface of the
test mixture. The Dewar flask is equipped with a. magnetic ,stirrer
having a stirring bar coated with an inert material such as a flourinated
hydrocarbon.
Start the temperature recorder and stirrer. Deliver the test chemi-
cals tc? the Dewar Flask simuitaneously from separate graduated sy-
ringes. If an exothermic reaction occurs, continue the test until the
maximum temperature is reached and begins to subside. If no apparent
reaction occurs, continue the test for at least 30 minutes to check for a
delayed reaction. Stop agitation and observe the mixture at five-minute
intervals to determine if the mixture is miscible, if gases are evolved, or
if other visible changes occur. In the interest of safety, a mirror can be
used for these observations. Repeat the above test for the other mixture
combinations.
Results-Record the results in the appropriate places on the Data
Sheet. If no reaction occurs or if the temperature rise is less than 25°C,
215
proceed to Step 3. If the observed temperature rise exceeds 25°C or

gases are evolved, do not proceed to Step 3.
Step 3
Objective-To determine if exothermic reactions occur at tempera-
tures up to 50°C
Procedure-If a non-hazardous reaction occurred in Step 2, the
ratio of chemicals which resulted in the greatest temperature rise will
be tested. Fresh chemicals will be used with a total volume for this test
of about 10 m1 (a ratio of 1 ml : 9 ml, 5 ml : 5 ml, or 9 ml: 1 ml). If no
reaction was observed in Step 2, use a ratio of 5 ml : 5 ml. Using the
thermocouple prepared for Step 2, insert the reference probe into a
25X 150mm test tube containing 10 ml of water. Place the other probe
into an empty test tube. Start the temperature recorder and add the two
chemicals of the combination, one at a time, to the empty test tube.
Lower the two test tubes into an oil bath maintained at 50+rC. Hold
the samples in the oil bath until the maximum temperature differential is
recorded, and in all cases at least 15 minutes. Observe the test mixture
to determine if gases are evolved or if other visible changes occur.
Follow prescribed safety precautions.
Results-Record the maximum differential temperature measured,
the time required to reach this temperature, and any other observations
in the proper space on the Data Sheet.
Send a copy of the Data Sheet for each binary chemical mixture
tested to: Commandant (G-MTH), U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC
20593-0001.
216
Appendix 3
Form of Cargo Record Book

CARGO RECORD BOOK FOR SHIPS CARRYING

NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES IN BULK
Name of ship: ............................................................................................
Distinctive number
or letters: ..................................................................................................
Gross tonnage: .................................................................. ~ .........................
Period from: ...................... '" ..................... to: ...........................................
Note: Every ship carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk shall be provided with a Cargo Record
Book to record relevant cargolballast operations.
221
NAME OF SHIP: .......................................................................................
DISTINCTIVE NUMBER
OR LEITERS: ..........................................................................................
PLAN VIEW OF CARGO AND SLOP TANKS

(to be completed on board)
INTRODUCTION
The following pages show a comprehensive list of items of cargo and ballast opera":
tions which are, when appropriate, to be recorded in the Cargo Record Book on a tank-
to-tank basis in accordance with paragraph 2 of Regulation 9 of Annex II of the Interna-
tional Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the
Protocol of 1978relating thereto, as amended. The items have been.grouped into opera-
tional sections, each of which is denoted by a letter.
When making entries in the Cargo Record Book, the date, operational code and item
number shall be inserted in the appropriate columns and the required particulars shall
be recorded chronologically in the blank spaces.
Each completed operati~n shall be signed for and dated by the officer or officers in
charge and, if applicable, by a surveyor authorized by the competent authority of the
State in which the ship is unloading. Each completed page shall be countersigned by the
master of the ship.
Entries in the Cargo Record Book are required only for operations involving
Categories A, B, C and D substances.
For the category of a substance, refer to table 1 ofthe ship's Procedures and Arrange-
ments Manual.
223
LIST OF ITEMS TO BE RECORDED
Entries are required only for operations involving Categories A, B, C and D substances.
(A) LOADING OF CARGO

1. Place of loading
2. Identify tank(s), name of substance(s) and category(ies).
(B) INTERNAL TRANSFER OF CARGO

3. Name and category of of cargo(es) transferred.
4. Identity of tanks .
.1 From:
.2 To:
5. Was (were) tank(s) in 4.1 emptied?
6. If not, quantity remaining in tank(s).
(C) UNLOADING OF CARGO

7. Place of unloading.
8. Identity oftank(s) unloaded.
9. Was (were) tank(s) emptied?
.1 If yes, confirm that the procedure for emptying and stripping has been per-
formed in accordance with the ship's Procedures and Arrangements
Manual
(i.e. list, trim, stripping temperature) .
.2 If not, quantity remaining in tank(s).
10. Does the ship's Procedures and Arrangements Manual require a prewash with
subsequent disposal to reception facilities?
11. Failure of pumping and/or stripping system .
.1 Time and nature offailure .
.2 Reasons for failure .
.3 Time when system has been made operational.
(D) MANDATORY PREWASH IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SHIP'S PROCE- ,

DURES AND ARRANGEMENTS MANUAL
12. Identify tank(s), substance(s) and category(ies).
13. Washing method:
.1 Number of washing machines per tank .
.2 Duration of wash/washing cycles.
.3 Hot/cold wash.
14. Prewash slops transferred to:
.1 Reception facility in unloading port (identify port) .
.2 Reception facility otherwise (identify port).
(E) CLEANING OF CARGO TANKS EXCEPT MANDATORY PREWASH

(OTHER PREWASH OPERATIONS, FINAL WASH, VENTILATION, ETe.
15. State time, identify tank(s), substance(s) and category(ies) and state:
.1 Washing procedure used .
.2 Cleaning agent(s) (identify agent(s) and quantities) .
.3 Dilution of cargo residues with water, state how much water used (only
Category D substances) .
.4 Ventilation procedure used (state number offans used, duration ofventila-
tion).
224
16. Tank washings transferred:

.1 Into the sea .
.2 To reception facility (identify port) .
.3 To slops collecting tank (identify tank).
(F) DISCHARGE INTO THE SEA OF TANK WASHINGS

17. Identify tank(s) .
.1 Were tank washings discharged during cleaning of tank(s)? If so, at what
rate?
.2 Were tank washing(s) discharged from a slops collecting tank? If so, state
quantity and tate of discharge.
18. Time commenced and stopped pumping.
19. Ship's speed during discharge.
(G) BALLASTING OF CARGO TANKS

20. Identity oftank(s) ballasted.
21. Time at start of ballasting.
(H) DISCHARGE OF BALLAST WATER FROM CARGO TANKS

22. Identity oftank(s).
23. Discharge of ballast:
.1 Into the sea .
.2 To reception facilities (identify port).
24. Time commenced and stopped ballast discharge.
25. Ship's speed during discharge.
(I) ACCIDENTAL OR OTHER EXCEPTIONAL DISCHARGE

26. Time of occurrence.
27. Approximate quantity, substance(s) and category(ies).
28. Circumstances of discharge or escape and general remarks.
(J) CONTROL BY AUTHORIZED SURVEYORS

29. Identify port.
30. Identify tank(s), substance(s), category(ies) discharged ashore.
31. Have tank(s), pump(s), and piping system(s) been emptied?
32. Has a prewash in accordance with the ship's Procedures and Arrangements
Manual been carried out?
33. Have tank washings resulting from the prewash been discharged ashore and is
the tank empty?
34. An exemption has been granted from mandatory prewash.
35. Reasons for exemption.
36. Name and signature of authorized surveyor.
37. Organization, company, government agency for which surveyor works.
(K) ADDITIONAL OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND REMARKS
225
NAME OF SHIP: .
DISTINCTIVE NUMBER
OR LEITERS: .
CARGOIBALLAST OPERATIONS
Appendix 4
Laboratory Tests
Trainees must learn and understand the need for tank cleanliness and simple tests that can
be performed to check that tanks are ready to load. The following are tests which trainees can
perform in a laboratory during the course:
Tank cleanliness tests:

• Hydrocarbon presence test.
• Chloride test
Test Methods
•The surface
Hydrocarbon test for methanol
of a tank or a container for shipping methanol must be free of any hydrocarbons.
A field test was developed that depends on the principle that hydrocarbons together with water
will give a milky, cloudy solution.
Procedure
• 1 m2 of the surface of the tank is washed with cotton wool and hydrocarbon-free
methanol.
• After each washing the methanol is transferred from the cotton wool into a Nessler tube
by pressing
• 45 cm3 of distilled water is added to 15 cm3 of the wallwashed methanol
• The mixture is shaken and allowed to stand for 20 minutes
• The contents of the Nessler tube are compared with what is known as a blank tube filled
with 60 cm3 of distilled water
• If the sample shows a cloudy or not completely clear liquid, there are still hydrocarbons
on the surface of the tank, which means that the surface must be entirely re-washed
and then tested again.
Note: It is advisable, when performing the test, to use clean plastic disposable gloves.
•The principle
Chloride Test
of this test is that chloride together with a silver nitrate solution gives a milky,
cloudy solution.
Procedure
• 1 m2 of the surface of the tank is washed with cotton wool, moistened with distilled
water
• The distilled water in the cotton wool is transferred - by pressing - into a Nessler tube
• The solution is filtered off, using a funnel with a filter paper, which is placed on the top
of another Nessler tube
• The tube is filled up with distilled water to exactly 100 cm3
• Five drops of silver nitrate solution are added
• The contents are mixed thoroughly
• The mixture in the tube is compared with another Nessler tube, filled with 99 cm3 of
water,1 cm3 of standard chloride solution (1 mg chloride per 1 cm3), and five drops of
the silver nitrate solution.
Note:
1 1 cm3 of standard solution is 1 mg chloride on 1 m2•
229
When the turbidity of the test tube is less than the turbidity of the standard tube, the
chloride content on the surface is lower than 1 mg on 1 m2•
If the turbidity of the test solution in the tube is greater than the turbidity in the standard
test tube, the chloride content on the surface is higher than 1 mg on 1 m2•
If the turbidity of the test solution is the same, the chloride content is 1 mg on 1 m2•
Knowing the area of the tank and its volume, the chloride content that can be washed
from the surface of the tankwalls by the parcel of methanol can therefore be calculated.
2 It is advisable, when performing the test, to use clean plastic disposable gloves.
The target value should be zero.
• Permanganate Time Test - ASTM D 1363-58
This test method serves as a means of detecting the presence of impurities in alcohols or
ketones that reduce potassium permanganate.
It is applicable to methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and
methyl isobutyl ketone.
Summary of method
Substances reacting with potassium permanganate in neutral solutions reduce itto manganese
dioxide, which colours the solution yellow.
In the permanganate test, the time required for the colour of the test solution to change to that
of a standard solution is measured.
The colour of the test solution changes from pink-orange to yellow-orange.
Apparatus
• Cylinders, glass-stoppered, 50 ml tall form
0
• Constant-temperature bath, capable of maintaining a temperature of 15.0 ± 0.5 C or

0
25.0 ± 0.5 C.
• Pipette, capable of delivering 2 ml of solution
• Clock or stopwatch.
Reagents
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.100 g of KMn04 per ~ litre of water.
Uranyl nitrate - cobaltous chloride solution.
This standard solution represents the colour of the end point to which the sample solution
fades in the KMn04 test.
This solution is stable and should be kept in a 50 ml glass-stoppered cylinder, exactly the
same as those in which the test is run.
Procedure
• Fill a 50 ml glass-stoppered cylinder beyond the mark with the sample to be tested and
0 0
place it in the constant-temperature bath (15 C for methanol or 25 C for acetone)
• When the sample has reached the bath temperature (about 5 minutes), add with a pipet
2 ml of the potassium permanganate solution
230
• Stopper the tube, invert once to mix the contents, and return it to the bath
• Determine the time from addition of the KMn04 until the colour matches that of the
standard
• Protect the tube from light during this time
• When the test is finished, clean the sample cylinder twice with tap water and fill it with
concentrated hydrochloric acid.
231
Appendix 5
Example of a Simulator Exercise

The following is an example of simulator exercise format and description.
If a liquid cargo handling simulator exercise is included as a teaching tool in a training course
a uniform format and structure is essential to link with the lectures and give a proper
comprehensive training programme. An example is given here in which the items necessary
for the proper preparation, conduct, debriefing and evaluation are stated.
Exercise: Tank cleaning

No. Chemicals 7
References
STCW95 Cargo handling and stowage at the management level.
Plan and ensure safe loading, stowage, securing, care during the voyage and unloading of
cargoes.
Duration: 4 hours
Objectives
The trainees will learn to perform tank washing procedures for various types of cargoes using
water and using detergents.
The trainees will learn the importance of inert gas during the tank washing operations.
The trainees will learn to process the washing water and slops in the correct manner in order
to prevent environmental pollution.
Prerequisites
Trainees should have completed the following:
- Familiarization exercises
- Discharging exercise as in Chemicals 5
- IG/nitrogen usage exercise as in Chemicals 6
and have learnt:

- the basic theory of tank washing and the various types of tank coatings in
relation to cleaning;
- the equipment needed for tank washing;
- the dangers related to tank cleaning, and
- the rules concerning disposal of slops.
Training materials required

Mimic diagrams of:
cargo tanks and slop tanks
the relevant pipeline systems
the pumproom
cleaning pumps
IG system and distribution.
235
Initial Condition of Simulator: IC nr. 816

Cargo tanks are loaded full or partly with different products.
Tanks are inerted, IG/nitrogen system on standby.
Various levels of residues are present in the tanks.
Briefing
The trainees will have to be informed
- which tanks are to be cleaned and that a choice should be made as to the
methods according to the cargo data sheets and Chemical Code
- the differences between water washing and washing with soaps or detergents
- the procedures of the washing cycle and the adjustment of washing machines.
The effect of the washing operations will then be apparent from the remaining residue and the
composition of the tank washing slops.
Student action
The trainees will make a choice of which tanks to wash, how to wash them and in which order.
The tank cleaning machines, pipelines, pumps and valves will be lined up and prepared. If
water washing is chosen, then the water may have to be heated, the addition of soap or
detergent will have to be set automatically or done manually.
On completion the washing water will be pumped to the slop tanks or to shore slop facilities.
Instructor action
The instructor will ensure that the trainees use the correct tanks, pipeline routes, valves and
pumps. During the washing operations IG shall be supplied and the tank atmospheres will be
constantly monitored. Effective and efficient washing will be demonstrated by the amount of
residue in the cargo tanks. No washing water will be discharged overside, but all shall be
pumped to the slop tanks or ashore.
Debriefing
At the debriefing the instructor will lead a discussion to bring out problems in operations and
to check if trainees have understood the principles of tank washing, the methods used and the
equipment and how the procedures are related to the operations. The instructor should
emphasise that pollution is prevented by discharging slops to shore facilities or retaining all
slops on board until facilities ashore are available. He will check if the dangers and particulars
of water washing as well as with detergents and soaps are appreciated and understood by the
students.
Evaluation
The amount of residue remaining in the tanks after the washing operations is a measure of the
efficiency of the washing process and thus of the skill and understanding of the students. The
condition of the tank atmosphere should be checked and should be within the permissible
safety limits. The total content of the slop tanks is a measure of the effect and efficiency of
the washing operations. The amount of chemicals and water of which the slops consist is also
an indication of the effectiveness of the washing procedures.
236
Attachment
GUIDANCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

MODEL COURSES
GUIDANCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL COURSES
Contents
Part 1 Preparation
Part 2 Notes on Teaching Technique
Part 3 Curriculum Development
Annex A1 Preparation checklist
Annex A2 Example of a Model Course syllabus in a subject area
Annex A3 Example of a lesson plan for annex A2
238
Part 1 - Preparation
1 Introduction
1.1 The success of any enterprise depends heavily on sound and effective preparations.
1.2 Although the IMO model course "package" has been made as comprehensive as possible, it is
nonetheless vital that sufficient time and resources are devoted to preparation. Preparation not only
involves matters concerning administration or organization, but also includes the preparation of any
course notes, drawings, sketches, overhead transparencies, etc., which may be necessary.
2 General considerations
2.1 The course "package" should be studied carefully; in particular, the course syllabus and associated
material must be attentively and thoroughly studied. This is vital if a clear understanding is to be
obtained of what is required, in terms of resources necessary to successfully implement the course.
2.2 A "checklisf, such as that set out in annex A 1, should be used throughout all stages of preparation to
ensure that all necessary actions and activities are being carried out in good time and in an effective
manner. The checklist allows the status of the preparation procedures to be monitored, and helps in
identifying the remedial actions necessary to meet deadlines. It will be necessary to hold meetings of
all those concerned in presenting the course from time to time in order to assess the status of the
preparation and "trouble-shoot" any difficulties.
2.3 The course syllabus should be discussed with the teaching staff who are to present the course, and
their views received on the particular parts they are to present. A study of the syllabus will determine
whether the incoming trainees need preparatory work to meet the entry standard. The detailed
teaching syllabus is constructed in "training outcome" format. Each specific outcome states precisely
what the trainee must do to show that the outcome has been achieved. An example of a model course
syllabus is given in annex A2. Part 3 deals with curriculum development and explains how a syllabus
is constructed and used.
2.4 The teaching staff who are to present the course should construct notes or lesson plans to achieve
these outcomes. A sample lesson plan for one of the areas of the sample syllabus is provided in
annex A3.
2.5 It is important that the staff who present the course convey, to the person in charge of the course,
their assessment of the course as it progresses.
3 Specific considerations
3.1 Scope of course
In reviewing the scope of the course, the instructor should determine whether it needs any adjustment
in order to meet additional local or national requirements (see Part 3).
3.2 Course objective

3.2.1 The course objective, as stated in the course material, should be very carefully considered so
that its meaning is fully understood. Does the course objective require expansion to encompass any
additional task that national or local requirements will impose upon those who successfully complete
the course? Conversely, are there elements included which are not validated by national industry
requirements?
3.2.2 It is important that any subsequent assessment made of the course should include a review of
the course objectives.
3.3 Entry standards

3.3.1 If the entry standard will not be met by your intended trainee intake, those entering the course
should first be required to complete an upgrading course to raise them to the stated entry level.
239
Alternatively, those parts of the course affected could be augmented by inserting course material
which will cover the knowledge required.
3.3.2 If the entry standard will be exceeded by your planned trainee intake, you may wish to
abridge or omit those parts of the course the teaching of which would be unnecessary, or which could
be dealt with as revision.
3.3.3 Study the course material with the above questions in mind and with a view to assessing
whether or not it will be necessary for the trainees to carry out preparatory work prior to joining the
course. Preparatory material for the trainees can range from refresher notes, selected topics from
textbooks and reading of selected technical papers, through to formal courses of instruction. It may be
necessary to use a combination of preparatory work and the model course material in modified form.
It must be emphasized that where the model course material involves an international requirement,
such as a regulation of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping (STCW) 1978, as amended, the standard must not be relaxed; in many instances, the
intention of the Convention is to require review, revision or increased depth of knowledge by
candidates undergoing training for higher certificates.
3.4 Course certificate, diploma or document

Where a certificate, diploma or document is to be issued to trainees who successfully complete the
course, ensure that this is available and properly worded and that the industry and all authorities
concerned are fully aware of its purpose and intent.
3.5 Course intake limitations

3.5.1 The course designers have recommended limitations regarding the numbers of trainees who
may participate in the course. As far as possible, these limitations should not be exceeded; otherwise,
the quality of the course will be diluted.
3.5.2 It may be necessary to make arrangements for accommodating the trainees and providing
facilities for food and transportation. These aspects must be considered at an early stage of the
preparations.
3.6 Staff requirements

3.6.1 It is important that an experienced person, preferably someone with experience in course and
curriculum development, is given the responsibility of implementing the course.
3.6.2 Such a person is often termed a "course co-ordinator" or "course director", Other staff, such
as lecturers, instructors, laboratory technicians, workshop instructors, etc., will be needed to
implement the course effectively. Staff involved in presenting the course will need to be properly
briefed about the course work they will be dealing with, and a system must be set up for checking the
material they may be required to prepare. To do this, it will be essential to make a thorough study of
the syllabus and apportion the parts of the course work according to the abilities of the staff called
upon to present the work.
3.6.3 The person responsible for implementing the course should consider monitoring the quality of
teaching in such areas as variety and form of approach, relationship with trainees, and communicative
and interactive skills; where necessary, this person should also provide appropriate counselling and
support.
3.7 Teaching facilities and equipment

Rooms and other services
3.7.1 It is important to make reservations as soon as is practicable for the use of lecture rooms,
laboratories, workshops and other spaces.
Equipment
3.7,2 Arrangements must be made at an early stage for the use of equipment needed in the spaces
mentioned in 3.7.1 to support and carry through the work of the course. For example:
.1 blackboards and writing materials
.2 apparatus in laboratories for any associated demonstrations and experiments
240
.3 machinery and related equipment in workshops

.4 equipment and materials in other spaces (e.g. for demonstrating fire fighting, personal
survival, etc.).
3.8 Teaching aids

Any training aids specified as being essential to the course should be constructed, or checked for
availability and working order.
3.9 Audio-visual aids

Audio-visual aids (AVA) may be recommended in order to reinforce the learning process in some
parts of the course. Such recommendations will be identified in Part A of the model course. The
following points should be borne in mind:
.1 Overhead projectors
Check through any illustrations provided in the course for producing overhead projector (OHP)
transparencies, and arrange them in order of presentation. To produce transparencies, a supply of
transparency sheets is required; the illustrations can be transferred to these via photocopying.
Alternatively, transparencies can be produced by writing or drawing on the sheet. Coloured pens are
useful for emphasizing salient points. Ensure that spare projector lamps (bulbs) are available .
.2 Slide projectors
If you order slides indicated in the course framework, check through them and arrange them in order
of presentation. Slides are usually produced from photographic negatives. If further slides are
considered necessary and cannot be produced locally, OHP transparencies should be resorted to.
.3 Cine projector
If films are to be used, check their compatibility with the projector (Le. 16 mm, 35 mm, sound, etc.).
The films must be test-run to ensure there are no breakages.
.4 Video equipment
It is essential to check the type of video tape to be used. The two types commonly used are VHS and
Betamax. Although special machines exist which can play either format, the majority of machines play
only one or the other type. Note that VHS and Betamax are not compatible; the correct machine type
is required to match the tape. Check also that the TV raster format used in the tapes (Le. number of
lines, frames/second, scanning order, etc.) is appropriate to the TV equipment available. (Specialist
advice may have to be sought on this aspect.) All video tapes should be test-run prior to their use on
the course .
.5 Computer equipment
If computer-based aids are used, check their compatibility with the projector and the available
software .
.6 General note
The electricity supply must be checked for voltage and whether it is AC or DC, and every precaution
must be taken to ensure that the equipment operates properly and safely. It is important to use a
proper screen which is correctly positioned; it may be necessary to exclude daylight in some cases. A
check must be made to ensure that appropriate screens or blinds are available. All material to be
presented should be test-run to eliminate any possible troubles, arranged in the correct sequence in
which it is to be shown, and properly identified and cross-referenced in the course timetable and
lesson plans.
3.10 IMO references

The content of the course, and therefore its standard, reflects the requirements of all the relevant IMO
international conventions and the provisions of other instruments as indicated in the model course.
The relevant publications can be obtained from the Publication Service of IMO, and should be
available, at least to those involved in presenting the course, if the indicated extracts are not included
in a compendium supplied with the course.
241
3.11 Textbooks
The detailed syllabus may refer to a particular textbook or textbooks. It is essential that these books
are available to each student taking the course. If supplies of textbooks are limited, a copy should be
loaned to each student, who will return it at the end of the course. Again, some courses are provided
with a compendium which includes all or part of the training material required to support the course.
3.12 Bibliography
Any useful supplementary source material is identified by the course designers and listed in the model
course. This list should be supplied to the participants so that they are aware where additional
information can be obtained, and at least two copies of each book or publication should be available
for reference in the training institute library.
3.13 Timetable
If a timetable is provided in a model course, it is for guidance only. It may only take one or two
presentations of the course to achieve an optimal timetable. However, even then it must be borne in
mind that any timetable is subject to variation, depending on the general needs of the trainees in any
one class and the availability of instructors and equipment.
242
Part 2 - Notes on Teaching Technique
1 Preparation
1.1 Identify the section of the syllabus which is to be dealt with.
1.2 Read and study thoroughly all the syllabus elements.
1.3 Obtain the necessary textbooks or reference papers which cover the training area to be presented.
1.4 Identify the equipment which will be needed, together with support staff necessary for its operation.
1.5 It is essential to use a "lesson plan", which can provide a simplified format for co-ordinating lecture
notes and supporting activities. The lesson plan breaks the material down into identifiable steps,
making use of brief statements, possibly with keywords added, and indicating suitable allocations of
time for each step. The use of audio-visual material should be indexed at the correct point in the
lecture with an appropriate allowance of time. The audio-visual material should be test-run prior to its
being used in the lecture. An example of a lesson plan is shown in annex A3.
1.6 The syllabus is structured in training outcome format and it is thereby relatively straightforward to
assess each trainee's grasp of the subject matter presented during the lecture. Such assessment may
take the form of further discussion, oral questions, written tests or selection-type tests, such as
multiple-choice questions, based on the objectives used in the syllabus. Selection-type tests and
short-answer tests can provide an objective assessment independent of any bias on the part of the
assessor. For certification purposes, assessors should be appropriately qualified for the particular
type of training or assessment.
REMEMBER- POOR PREPARATION IS A SURE WAY TO LOSE THE INTEREST OF A GROUP
1.7 Check the rooms to be used before the lecture is delivered. Make sure that all the equipment and
apparatus are ready for use and that any support staff are also prepared and ready. In particular,
check that all blackboards are clean and that a supply of writing and cleaning materials is readily
available.
2 Delivery
2.1 Always face the people you are talking to; never talk with your back to the group.
2.2 Talk clearly and sufficiently loudly to reach everyone.
2.3 Maintain eye contact with the whole group as a way of securing their interest and maintaining it (Le.
do not look continuously at one particular person, nor at a point in space).
2.4 People are all different, and they behave and react in different ways. An important function of a
lecturer is to maintain interest and interaction between members of a group.
2.5 Some points or statements are more important than others and should therefore be emphasized. To
ensure that such points or statements are remembered, they must be restated a number of times,
preferably in different words.
2.6 If a blackboard is to be used, any writing on it must be clear and large enough for everyone to see.
Use colour to emphasize important points, particularly in sketches.
2.7 It is only possible to maintain a high level of interest for a relatively short period of time; therefore,
break the lecture up into different periods of activity to keep interest at its highest Jevel. Speaking,
writing, sketching, use of audio-visual material, questions, and discussions can all be used to
accomplish this. When a group is writing or sketching, walk amongst the group, looking at their work,
and provide comment or advice to individual members of the group when necessary.
243
2.8 When holding a discussion, do not allow individual members of the group to monopolize the activity,
but ensure that all members have a chance to express opinions or ideas.
2.9 If addressing questions to a group, do not ask them collectively; otherwise, the same person may
reply each time. Instead, address the questions to individuals in turn, so that everyone is invited to
participate.
2.10 It is important to be guided by the syllabus content and not to be tempted to introduce material which
may be too advanced, or may contribute little to the course objective. There is often competition
between instructors to achieve a level which is too advanced. Also, instructors often strongly resist
attempts to reduce the level to that required by a syllabus.
2.11 Finally, effective preparation makes a major contribution to the success of a lecture. Things often go
wrong; preparedness and good planning will contribute to putting things right. Poor teaching cannot
be improved by good accommodation or advanced equipment, but good teaching can overcome any
disadvantages that poor accommodation and lack of equipment can present.
244
Part 3 - Curriculum Development
1 Curriculum
The dictionary defines curriculum as a "regular course of study", while syllabus is defined as "a
concise statement of the subjects forming a course of study". Thus, in general terms, a curriculum is
simply a course, while a syllabus can be thought of as a list (traditionally, a "list of things to be
taughf').
2 Course content
The subjects which are needed to form a training course, and the precise skills and depth of
knowledge required in the various subjects, can only be determined through an in-depth assessment
of the job functions which the course participants are to be trained to perform Gob analysis). This
analysis determines the training needs, thence the purpose of the course (course objective). After
ascertaining this, it is possible to define the scope of the course.
(NOTE: Determination of whether or not the course objective has been achieved may quite possibly
entail assessment, over a period of time, of the "on-the-job performance" of those completing the
course. However, the detailed learning objectives are quite specific and immediately assessable.)
3 Job analysis
A job analysis can only be properly carried out by a group whose members are representative of the
organizations and bodies involved in the area of work to be covered by the course. The validation of
results, via review with persons currently employed in the job concerned, is essential if undertraining
and overtraining are to be avoided.
4 Course plan
Following definition of the course objective and scope, a course plan or outline can be drawn up. The
potential students for the course (the trainee target group) must then be identified, the entry standard
to the course decided and the prerequisites defined.
5 Syllabus
The final step in the process is the preparation of the detailed syllabus with associated time scales;
the identification of those parts of textbooks and technical papers which cover the training areas to a
sufficient degree to meet, but not exceed, each learning objective; and the drawing up of a
bibliography of additional material for supplementary reading.
6 Syllabus content
The material contained in a syllabus is not static; technology is continuously undergoing change and
there must therefore be a means for reviewing course material in order to eliminate what is redundant
and introduce new material reflecting current practice. As defined above, a syllabus can be though of
as a list and, traditionally, there have always been an "examination syllabus" and a "teaching
syllabus"; these indicate, respectively, the subject matter contained in an examination paper, and the
subject matter a teacher is to use in preparing lessons or lectures.
7 Training outcomes
7.1 The prime communication difficulty presented by any syllabus is how to convey the "depth" of
knowledge required. A syllabus is usually constructed as a series of "training outcomes" to help
resolve this difficulty.
245
7.2 Thus, curriculum development makes use of training outcomes to ensure that a common minimum
level and breadth of attainment is achieved by all the trainees following the same course, irrespective
of the training institution (Le. teaching/lecturing staff).
7.3 Training outcomes are trainee-oriented, in that they describe an end result which is to be achieved by
the trainee as a result of a learning process.
7.4 In many cases, the learning process is linked to a skill or work activity and, to demonstrate properly
the attainment of the objective, the trainee response may have to be based on practical application or
use, or on work experience.
7.5 The training outcome, although aimed principally at the trainee to ensure achievement of a specific
learning step, also provides a framework for the teacher or lecturer upon which lessons or lectures
can be constructed.
7.6 A training outcome is specific and describes precisely what a trainee must do to demonstrate his
knowledge, understanding or skill as an end product of a learning process.
7.7 The learning process is the "knowledge acquisition" or "skill development" that takes place during a
course. The outcome of the process is an acquired "knowledge", "understanding", "skill"; but these
terms alone are not sufficiently precise for describing a training outcome.
7.8 Verbs, such as "calculates", "defines", "explains", "lists", "solves" and "states", must be used when
constructing a specific training outcome, so as to define precisely what the trainee will be enabled to
do.
7.9 In the IMO model course project, the aim is to provide a series of model courses to assist instructors
in developing countries to enhance or update the maritime training they provide, and to allow a
common minimum standard to be achieved throughout the world. The use of training outcomes is a
tangible way of achieving this desired aim.
7.10 As an example, a syllabus in training-outcome format for the subject of ship construction appears in
annex A2. This is a standard way of structuring this kind of syllabus. Although, in this case, an
outcome for each area has been identified - and could be used in an assessment procedure - this
stage is often dropped to obtain a more compact syllabus structure.
S Assessment
Training outcomes describe an outcome which is to be achieved by the trainee. Of equal importance
is the fact that such an achievement can be measured OBJECTIVELY through an evaluation which
will not be influenced by the personal opinions and judgements of the examiner. Objective testing or
evaluation provides a sound base on which to make reliable judgements concerning the levels of
understanding and knowledge achieved, thus allowing an effective evaluation to be made of the
progress of trainees in a course.
246
Part C3: Detailed Teaching Syllabus
Introduction
The detailed teaching syllabus is presented as a series of learning objectives. The
objective, therefore, describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that the
specified knowledge or skill has been transferred.
Thus each training outcome is supported by a number of related performance

elements in which the trainee is required to be proficient. The teaching syllabus
shows the Required performance expected of the trainee in the tables that follow.
In order to assist the instructor, references are shown to indicate IMO references
and publications, textbooks and teaching aids that instructors may wish to use in
preparing and presenting their lessons.
The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed
teaching syllabus; in particular,
Teaching aids (indicated by A)
IMO references (indicated by R) and
Textbooks (indicated by T)
will provide valuable information to instructors.
Explanation of information contained in the syllabus tables

The information on each table is systematically organized in the following way.
The line at the head of the table describes the FUNCTION with which the training is
concerned. A function means a group of tasks, duties and responsibilities as
specified in the STCW Code. It describes related activities which make up a
professional discipline or traditional departmental responsibility on board.
The header of the first column denotes the COMPETENCE concerned. Each
function comprises a number of competences. For example, the Function 3,
Controlling the Operation of the Ship and Care for Persons on board at the
Management Level, comprises a number of COMPETENCES. Each competence is
uniquely and consistently numbered in this model course.
In this function the competence is Control trim, stability and stress. It is

numbered 3.1, that is the first competence in Function 3. The term "competence"
should be understood as the application of knowledge, understanding, proficiency,
skills, experience for an individual to perform a task, duty or responsibility on board
in a safe, efficient and timely manner.
Shown next is the required TR.l\lr,I!I\J<:?~mcOIVIEI The training outcomes are the
areas of knowledge, understanding and proficiency in which the trainee must be
able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding. Each COMPETENCE
comprises a number of training outcomes. For example, the above c8~p~nce
com pri~es t~.~.~ trC1i
..n.in~ ..0~t9().I!1.~.~· ..,.~!ir~t is c()n.9.~rn.~ "'fi.t~ ~NPAfv1ENmAL
PRfNClgbg~r~F······SHfP<CQNS'TRUCTIQN;mRfM .ANP$ITTA~lbJITTI. Each training
outcome is uniquely and consistently numbered in this model course. That
concerned with fundamental principles of ship construction, trim and stability is
uniquely numbered ..3:~:~.:~()~I~ri!X~t~ining outcomes are printed in black type on
grey, for example[~'N'.NGi~[~QII;.
Finally, each training outcome embodies a variable number of Required

performances - as evidence of competence. The instruction, training and learning
should lead to the trainee meeting the specified Required performance. For the
training outcome concerned with fundamental principles of ship construction, trim
and stability there are three areas of performance. These are:
3.1.1.1 Shipbuilding materials
3.1.1.2 Welding
3.1.1.3 Bulkheads
Following each numbered area of Required performance there is a list of activities

that the trainee should complete and which collectively specify the standard of
competence that the trainee must meet. These are for the guidance of teachers
and instructors in designing lessons, lectures, tests and exercises for use in the
teaching process. For example, under the topic 3.1.1.1, to meet the Required
performance, the trainee should be able to:
- state that steels are alloys of iron, with properties dependent upon the
type and amounts of alloying materials used
- state that the specifications of shipbuilding steels are laid down by
classification societies
- state that shipbuilding steel is tested and graded by classification society
surveyors who stamp it with approval marks
and so on.
IMO references (Rx) are listed in the column to the right-hand side. Teaching aids
(Ax), videos (Vx) and textbooks (Tx) relevant to the training outcome and required
performances are placed immediately following the T~'NING i~TCiME; title.
It is not intended that lessons are organized to follow the sequence of Required
performances listed in the Tables. The Syllabus Tables are organized to match with
the competence in the STCW Code Table A-II/2. Lessons and teaching should
follow college practices. It is not necessary, for example, for ship building materials
to be studied before stability. What is necessary is that _allof the material is covered
and that teaching is effective to allow trainees to meet the standard of the Required
performance.
252

Specialized Chemical Tanker

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Specialized Chemical Tanker

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Specialized Chemical Tanker

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Model Course 1.

Revised edition 1999

Printed in the United Kingdom by CPC The Printers, Portsmouth

Sales number: TA 104E

'Submerged Cargo Pumps'

ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals)

'Prism Alpha Nitrogen Systems'

'Why a High Speed Relief Valve?'

Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water

Copyright © IMO 1999

All rights reserved.

Part A: Course Framework 6

Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 11

Part C: DetailedTeaching Syllabus 14

Appendix to Instructor Manual 91

Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses 237

Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training,

• Use of the model course

Properly qualified instructors,

• Guidance for course developers and instructors

• Training and the STCW 1995 Convention

For ease of reference, the course is divided into separate sections.

Part A: Course Framework

An existing certificate may be suitably endorsed by the issuing Administration.

Course intake limitations

1 Refer to Section A-VI/3 STCW Code

Training facilities and equipment

The following equipment should be available:

Teaching aids (A)

A2 Appendix I - Overhead projector transparencies

Available from: Videotel Marine International Limited

A5 CBT module: Inert gas generator

Available from: Seagull AS

IMO references (R)

Part B: Course Outline' and Timetable

Minimum Requirements for the Training of Masters and Officers on

1 Introduction (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 15,18)

2 Chemistry and Physics (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 18)

3 Hazards (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 20)

4 Rules and Regulations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 16)

5 Ship Design and Cargo Containment (STCW Code, Section A-V/1

6 Cargo-handling Systems (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 17,19)*

7 Safety and Pollution Prevention (STCW Code, Section A-V/1

8 Cargo Handling and Ballast Operations (STCW Code, Section A-

9 Tank-cleaning Operations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 19)

10 ShiplShore Interface (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 19)

11 Emergency Operations (STCW Code, Section A-V/1 para 21)

Specialized Training for Chemical Tankers

Day Period 1 Period 2 Lunch Period 3 Period 4

1 Introduction Introduction Chemistry and Chemistry and

2 Chemistry and Chemistry and Hazards Hazards

3 Hazards Rules and Rules and Rules and

5 Cargo Handling Cargo Handling Cargo Handling Cargo Handling

6 Cargo Handling Safety and Safety and Safety and

7 Safety and Safety and Safety and Cargo Handling and

9 Cargo Handling and Tank-cleaning Tank-cleaning Tank-cleaning

10 Tank-cleaning Ship/Shore Emergency Emergency

Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus

Specialized Training for Chemical Tankers - Introduction

Thus each training objective is supported by a number of related performance elements in