What is Mongo-DB?

MongoDB is an open-source document-oriented database that is

designed to store a large scale of data and also allows you to work with
that data very efficiently. It is categorized under the NoSQL (Not only SQL)
database because the storage and retrieval of data in the MongoDB are not
in the form of tables.
The MongoDB database is developed and managed by MongoDB.Inc
under SSPL(Server Side Public License) and initially released in
February 2009.
Working of MongoDB
MongoDB is a database server and the data is stored in these
databases. Or in other words, MongoDB environment gives you a server
that you can start and then create multiple databases on it using MongoDB.
Because of its NoSQL database, the data is stored in the collections and
documents. Hence the database, collection, and documents are related to
each other as shown below:
 The MongoDB database contains collections just like the MYSQL
database contains tables. You are allowed to create multiple databases
and multiple collections.
 Now inside of the collection we have documents. These documents
contain the data we want to store in the MongoDB database and a single
collection can contain multiple documents and you are schema-less
means it is not necessary that one document is similar to another.
 The documents are created using the fields. Fields are key-value pairs in
the documents, it is just like columns in the relation database. The value
of the fields can be of any BSON data types like double, string, boolean,
etc.
 The data stored in the MongoDB is in the format of BSON documents.
Here, BSON stands for Binary representation of JSON documents. Or in
other words, in the backend, the MongoDB server converts the JSON
data into a binary form that is known as BSON and this BSON is stored
and queried more efficiently.
 In MongoDB documents, you are allowed to store nested data. This
nesting of data allows you to create complex relations between data and
store them in the same document which makes the working and fetching
of data extremely efficient as compared to SQL. In SQL, you need to write
complex joins to get the data from table 1 and table 2. The maximum size
of the BSON document is 16MB
 For example: we have a database named GeeksforGeeks. Inside this
database, we have two collections and in these collections we have two
documents. And in these documents we store our data in the form of
fields. As shown in the below image:
Difference between MongoDB and RDBMS ?
Some major differences in between MongoDB and the RDBMS are as
follows:
MongoDB RDBMS

It is a non-relational and
document-oriented database. It is a relational database.

It is suitable for hierarchical It is not suitable for hierarchical

data storage. data

It has a dynamic schema. It has a predefined schema.

It centers around the CAP It centers

theorem (Consistency, around ACID properties
Availability, and Partition (Atomicity, Consistency,
tolerance). Isolation, and Durability).

In terms of performance, it is In terms of performance, it is

much faster than RDBMS. slower than MongoDB.
Features of MongoDB
 Schema-less Database: It is the great feature provided by the MongoDB.
A Schema-less database means one collection can hold different
types of documents in it. Or in other words, in the MongoDB database,
a single collection can hold multiple documents and these documents
may consist of the different numbers of fields, content, and size. It is not
necessary that the one document is similar to another document like
in the relationaldatabases. Due to this cool feature, MongoDB provides
great flexibility to databases.
 Document Oriented: In MongoDB, all the data stored in the
documents instead of tables like in RDBMS. In these documents, the
data is stored in fields(key-value pair) instead of rows and columns which
make the data much more flexible in comparison to RDBMS. And each
document contains its unique object id.
 Indexing: In MongoDB database, every field in the documents is
indexed with primary and secondary indices this makes easier and
 takes less time to get or search data from the pool of the data. If the
data is not indexed,
 then database search each document with the specified query which
takes lots of time and not so efficient.
 Scalability: MongoDB provides horizontal scalability with the help of
sharding. Sharding means to distribute data on multiple servers, here a
large amount of data is partitioned into data chunks using the shard key,
and these data chunks are evenly distributed across shards that reside
across many physical servers. It will also add new machines to a running
database.
 Replication: MongoDB provides high availability and redundancy with the
help of replication, it creates multiple copies of the data and sends these
copies to a different server so that if one server fails, then the data is
retrieved from another server.
 Aggregation: It allows to perform operations on the grouped data
and get a single result or computed result. It is similar to the SQL
GROUPBY clause. It provides three different aggregations i.e,
aggregation pipeline, map-reduce function, and single-purpose
 aggregation methods
 High Performance: The performance of MongoDB is very high and
data persistence as compared to another database due to its features
like scalability, indexing, replication, etc.
Uses of MongoDB
MongoDB is a popular NoSQL database known for its flexibility, scalability,
and performance. It is widely used in various applications across different
industries. Here are some common uses of MongoDB:
 1. Content Management Systems (CMS): MongoDB’s flexible schema
and powerful query capabilities make it an ideal choice for content
management systems. It can efficiently handle diverse content types and
structures, enabling dynamic and scalable content management solutions.
 2. E-commerce Platforms: E-commerce
 platforms benefit from MongoDB’s ability to store and retrieve large
amounts of product data quickly. Its flexible schema supports dynamic
product catalogs, user profiles, shopping carts, and transaction histories.
 3. Real-Time Analytics: MongoDB is well-suited for real-time analytics
applications due to its high-performance data ingestion and querying
capabilities. It can handle large volumes of data in real-time, making it
ideal for monitoring, fraud detection, and personalized recommendations.
 4. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT applications generate vast amounts of
data from sensors
 and devices. MongoDB’s scalability and flexible data model allow it to
efficiently store and process this data, enabling real-time analysis and
decision-making for IoT systems.
 6. Gaming Applications: Gaming applications generate complex data
structures, such as player profiles, scores, achievements, and game
states. MongoDB’s document-based model allows for efficient storage
and retrieval of this data, supporting high-performance gaming
experiences.
 7. Log Management and Analysis: Organizations use MongoDB to store
and analyze log data from various sources. Its ability to handle large
volumes of unstructured data makes it ideal for logging, monitoring, and
troubleshooting applications and infrastructure.
 9. Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM systems use
MongoDB to manage customer data, interactions, and sales pipelines. Its
ability to handle complex relationships and unstructured data enables
more personalized and effective customer engagement strategies.
 10. Social Networks: Social networking applications require a database
that can handle complex relationships, user-generated content, and real-
time interactions. MongoDB’sflexibility and scalability make it an excellent
choice for building social networks and community platforms.
 11. Big Data Applications: MongoDB is used in big data applications for
its ability to store and process large volumes of diverse data types. It
integrates well with big data technologies like Hadoop and Spark,
enabling advanced data analytics and processing.
 12. Healthcare Systems: Healthcare applications use MongoDB to
manage patient records, clinical data, and medical images. Its flexible
schema allows for the efficient storage of complex healthcare data,
supporting better
 patient care and data analysis.
Advantages of MongoDB
 It is a schema-less NoSQL database. You need not to design the schema
of the database when you are working with MongoDB.
 It does not support join operation.
 It provides great flexibility to the fields in the documents.
 It contains heterogeneous data.
 It provides high performance, availability, scalability.
 It supports Geospatial efficiently.
 It is a document oriented database and the data is stored in BSON
documents.
 It also supports multiple document ACID transition(string from MongoDB
4.0).
 It does not require any SQL injection.
 It is easily integrated with Big Data Hadoop
Disadvantages of MongoDB
 It uses high memory for data storage.
 You are not allowed to store more than 16MB data in the documents.
 The nesting of data in BSON is also limited you are not allowed to nest
data more than 100 levels.
Conclusion
MongoDB is a powerful and flexible NoSQL database that caters to the
needs of modern applications requiring scalable, high-performance data
management. Its schema-less design, horizontal scalability, and rich
querying capabilities make it a popular choice for developers and businesses
alike. Understanding MongoDB’s features and benefits can help
organizations efficiently handle large volumes of data and adapt to evolving
requirements.