Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Department of Mathematics
MA11003 - Advanced Calculus
Problem Sheet - 5
Autumn 2022

df
1. Find at t = 0 for the following functions:
dt
(a) f (x, y) = x cos y + ex sin y, where x(t) = t2 + 1, y(t) = t3 + t.
(b) f (x, y, z) = x3 + xz 2 + y 3 + xyz, where x(t) = et , y(t) = cos t, z(t) = t3 .
(c) f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 −x2 x3 +x1 x23 , where x1 (t) = 2 sin(t), x2 (t) = t2 −t+1, x3 (t) = 3−t .
dy
2. (a) Using implicit differentiation, find from the following:
dx
(i) xy + y x = c
(ii) xy 2 + exp(x) sin(y 2 ) + tan−1 (x + y) = c
x2 y 2
(iii) 2 + 2 + 1 = 0
a b
(iv) ln(x2 + y 2 ) + tan−1 (y/x) = 0
∂z ∂z
(b) Using implicit differentiation, find and from the following:
∂x ∂y
(i) xy 2 z 2 + sin(yz) − exp(xz 2 ) = 0
(ii) x tan−1 ( yz ) + y tan−1 ( xz ) + z tan−1 ( xy ) = 0
(iii) xy 2 + z 3 + sin(xyz) = 0
(iv) x − yz + cos(xyz) − x2 z 2 = 1
x y z ∂u ∂u ∂u
3. If u = f (r, s, t), where r = , s = and t = , then show that x +y +z = 0.
y z x ∂x ∂y ∂z
4. If v = f (u), where u is a homogeneous function of x and y of degree n, then prove that

∂v ∂v dv
x +y = nu
∂x ∂y du

5. Check whether the following functions are homogeneous or not, if so, determine the degree
of the function:
y x y
(a) tan−1 + sin−1 (e) x2/3 y 4/3 tan
x y x
y
(b) cos−1 ( p ) x1/4 + y 1/4
x2 + y 2 (f)
x1/5 + y 1/5
x2 y 2
(c) + (g) x2 y 2 + xy 3 + x2 y + x3 y
y x
x y x2 + y 2
(d) sin( ) (h)
y x x3 + y 3
y x
6. If f (x, y) = + , then show that xfx + yfy = 0.
x y

1
 x2 + y 2
7. If u = √ , (x, y) 6= (0, 0), what should be the value of k so that xux + yuy = ku?
x+y

8. If y = f (x + ct) + φ(x − ct), then show that ytt = c2 yxx .

n
9. If u = e−mx sin(nt − mx), prove that ut = uxx .
2m2
10. If xx y y z z = k (constant), then show that at the point (x, y, z), where x = y = z,

∂2z 1
=− .
∂x∂y x loge (ex)

y x ∂2u x2 − y 2
11. If u = x2 tan−1 − y 2 tan−1 , prove that = 2 .
x y ∂x∂y x + y2
x3 + y 3
12. If u = tan−1 , then prove that xux + yuy = sin 2u.
x−y
s
x1/3 + y 1/3
13. If u = sin−1 , then show that
x1/2 + y 1/2

13 tan2 u
 
tan u
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = + .
12 12 12
y
14. If u(x, y) = x log , for xy 6= 0, then show that
x
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = 0.

(ax3 + by 3 )n y
15. If u = + xf , then prove that
3n(3n − 1) x

n
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = ax3 + by 3

.
y  
m x n
16. If z = x f +y g , then show that
x y
 
2 2 ∂z ∂z
x zxx + 2xyzxy + y zyy + mnz = (m + n − 1) x +y .
∂x ∂y

17. Let f (x, y) and g(x, y) be two homogeneous functions of degree m and n respectively,
∂h ∂h
where m 6= 0. Let h = f + g, and x +y = 0. Then show that f = αg for some
∂x ∂y
constant α.

18. By the transformation ξ = a + αx + βy, η = b − βx + αy, where α, β, a, b are all constants

and α2 + β 2 = 1, the function u(x, y) is transfered into U (ξ, η). Prove that
2
Uξξ Uηη − Uξη = uxx uyy − u2xy .

2
19. If z be a differentiable function of x and y (rectangular cartesian co-ordinates) and let
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ (r, θ are polar co-ordinates), then show that
 2  2  2
1 ∂z 2
 
∂z ∂z ∂z
(a) + = + 2 .
∂x ∂y ∂r r ∂θ
∂2z ∂2z ∂ 2 z 1 ∂z 1 ∂2z
(b) + = + + .
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂r2 r ∂r r2 ∂θ2

20. Given w = (x21 + x22 + · · · + x2n )k , for n ≥ 2. Then, for what values of k, the following
relation holds:
∂2w ∂2w ∂2w
+ + · · · + = 0.
∂x21 ∂x22 ∂x2n

21. Let u(x, y) be such that all its second order partial derivatives exist. If x = r cos θ, y =
r sin θ, then show that
2 ∂2u
 2
∂ u ∂2u ∂2u

2∂ u ∂u 2 2
r − − r = (x − y ) − + 4xy .
∂r2 ∂θ2 ∂r ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y

22. Let u(x, y) be such that all its second order partial derivatives exists. If x = ξ cos α −
η sin α, y = ξ sin α + η cos α, then prove that

∂2u ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u

+ = + 2.
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂ξ 2 ∂η