Modified Euler’s Method

yan+1 = yn + h[f(xn,yn)]
ℎ
ybn+1 = yn + [f(xn,yn) + f(xn+1,yan+1)]
2
ℎ
ycn+1 = yn + [f(xn,yn) + f(xn+1,ybn+1)]
2

Continue till the required digits for accuracy starts repeating

ya1 = y0 + h[f(x0,y0)] = 1.3829

ℎ
yb1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,ya1)] = 1.3822
2
ℎ
yc1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yb1)] = 1.3821
2
ℎ
yd1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yc1)] = 1.3821
2

y1 = 1.3821

ya2 = y1 + h[f(x1,y1)]
ℎ
yb2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,ya2)]
2
ℎ
yc2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yb2)]
2
ℎ
yd2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yc2)]
2
 𝑑𝑦
Q.1 = x+ y y(0) = 1 h = 0.1 y(0.3) = ? (Accuracy = 4 decimal
𝑑𝑥
digits)
𝑑𝑦
= x+ y x0 = 0, y0 = 1 h = 0.1 x = 0.3
𝑑𝑥

n = (x-x0)/h = (0.3-0)/0.1 = 3
ya1 = y0 + h[f(x0,y0)] x1 = x0 + h = 0 + 0.1 = 0.1
ya1 = y0 + h[x0 + y0] x2 = x1 + h = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2
ya1 = 1 + 0.1[0 + 1] x3 = x2 + h = 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.3
= 1.1000
ℎ
yb1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,ya1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + y0) + (x1 + ya1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 1) + (0.1 + 1.1000)]
2

= 1.1100
ℎ
yc1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yb1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + y0) + (x1 + yb1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 1) + (0.1 + 1.1100)]
2

= 1.1105
ℎ
Yd1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yc1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + y0) + (x1 + yc1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 1) + (0.1 + 1.1105)]
2

= 1.1105
Y1 = 1.1105
ya2 = y1 + h[f(x1,y1)]
= y1 + h[x1 + y1]
= 1.1105 + 0.1[0.1 + 1.1105]
= 1.2300
ℎ
yb2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,ya2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + y1) + (x2 + ya2)]
2
0.1
= 1.1105 + [(0.1 + 1.1105) + (0.2 + 1.2300)]
2

= 1.2425
ℎ
yc2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yb2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + y1) + (x2 + yb2)]
2
0.1
= 1.1105 + [(0.1 + 1.1105) + (0.2 + 1.2424)]
2

= 1.2432
ℎ
Yd2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yc2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + y1) + (x2 + yc2)]
2
0.1
= 1.1105 + [(0.1 + 1.1105) + (0.2 + 1.2432)]
2

= 1.2432

Y2 = 1.2432
ya3 = y2 + h[f(x2,y2)]
= y2 + h[x2 + y2]
= 1.2432 + 0.1[0.2 + 1.2432]
= 1.3875
ℎ
yb3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,ya3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + y2) + (x3 + ya3)]
2
0.1
= 1.2432 + [(0.2 + 1.2432) + (0.3 + 1.3875)]
2

= 1.3997
ℎ
yc3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yb3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + y2) + (x3 + yb3)]
2
0.1
= 1.2432 + [(0.2 + 1.2432) + (0.3 + 1.3997)]
2

= 1.4004
ℎ
Yd3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yc3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + y2) + (x3 + yc3)]
2
0.1
= 1.2432 + [(0.2 + 1.2432) + (0.3 + 1.4004)]
2

= 1.4004
 𝑑𝑦
Q.2 = x2+ y y(0) = 1 h = 0.05 y(0.1) = ? (Accuracy = 4 decimal
𝑑𝑥
digits)
𝑑𝑦
= x2 + y x0 = 0, y0 = 1 h = 0.05 x = 0.1
𝑑𝑥

n = (x-x0)/h = (0.1-0)/0.05 = 2
ya1 = y0 + h[f(x0,y0)] x1 = x0 + h = 0 + 0.05 = 0.05
ya1 = y0 + h[x20 + y0] x2 = x1 + h = 0.05 + 0.05 = 0.1
= 1 + 0.05[02 + 1]
= 1.0500
ℎ
yb1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,ya1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x20 + y0) + (x21 + ya1)]
2
0.05
=1+ [(02 + 1) + (0.12 + 1.0500)]
2

= 1.0525
ℎ
yc1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yb1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x20 + y0) + (x21 + yb1)]
2
0.05
=1+ [(02 + 1) + (0.12 + 1.0525)]
2

= 1.0513
ℎ
Yd1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yc1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x20 + y0) + (x21 + yc1)]
2
0.05
=1+ [(02 + 1) + (0.12 + 1.0513)]
2

= 1.0513
ya2 = y1 + h[f(x1,y1)]
= y1 + h[x21 + y1]
= 1.0513 + 0.05[0.052 + 0.0513]
= 1.1040
ℎ
yb2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,ya2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x21 + y1) + (x22 + ya2)]
2
0.05
= 1.0513 + [(0.052 + 1.0513) + (0.12 + 1.1040)]
2

= 1.1055
ℎ
yc2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yb2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x21 + y1) + (x22 + yb2)]
2
0.05
= 1.0513 + [(0.052 + 1.0513) + (0.12 + 1.1055)]
2

= 1.1055
 𝑑𝑦
Q.3 = x+3y y(0) = 1 h = 0.1 y(0.3) = ? (Accuracy = 4 decimal
𝑑𝑥
digits)
𝑑𝑦
= x+3y x0 = 0, y0 = 1 h = 0.1 x = 0.3
𝑑𝑥

n = (x-x0)/h = (0.3-0)/0.1 = 3
ya1 = y0 + h[f(x0,y0)] x1 = x0 + h = 0 + 0.1 = 0.1
ya1 = y0 + h[x0 + 3y0] x2 = x1 + h = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2
= 1 + 0.1[0+3(1)] x3 = x2 + h = 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.3
= 1.3000
ℎ
yb1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,ya1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + 3y0) + (x1 + 3ya1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 3(1)) + (0.1 + 3(1.3000))]
2

= 1.3500
ℎ
Yc1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yb1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + 3y0) + (x1 + 3yb1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 3(1)) + (0.1 + 3(1.3500))]
2

= 1.3575
ℎ
Yd1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yc1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + 3y0) + (x1 + 3yc1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 3(1)) + (0.1 + 3(1.3575))]
2

= 1.3586
 ℎ
Ye1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,yd1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + 3y0) + (x1 + 3yd1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 3(1)) + (0.1 + 3(1.3586))]
2

= 1.3588
ℎ
Yf1 = y0 + [f(x0,y0) + f(x1,ye1)]
2
ℎ
= y0 + [(x0 + 3y0) + (x1 + 3ye1)]
2
0.1
=1+ [(0 + 3(1)) + (0.1 + 3(1.3586))]
2

= 1.3588
y1 = 1.3588

ya2 = y1 + h[f(x1,y1)]
= y1 + h[x1 + 3y1]
= 1.3588 + 0.1[0.1 + 3(1.3588)]
= 1.7564
ℎ
yb2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,ya2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + 3y1) + (x2 + 3ya2)]
2
0.1
= 1.3588 + [(0.1 + 3(1.3588)) + (0.2 + 3(1.7564))]
2

= 1.8411
 ℎ
yc2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yb2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + 3y1) + (x2 + 3yb2)]
2
0.1
= 1.3588 + [(0.1 + 3(1.3588)) + (0.2 + 3(1.8411))]
2

= 1.8538
ℎ
Yd2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yc2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + 3y1) + (x2 + 3yc2)]
2
0.1
= 1.3588 + [(0.1 + 3(1.3588)) + (0.2 + 3(1.8538))]
2

= 1.8557
ℎ
Ye2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,yd2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + 3y1) + (x2 + 3yd2)]
2
0.1
= 1.3588 + [(0.1 + 3(1.3588)) + (0.2 + 3(1.8557))]
2

= 1.8560
ℎ
Yf2 = y1 + [f(x1,y1) + f(x2,ye2)]
2
ℎ
= y1 + [(x1 + 3y1) + (x2 + 3ye2)]
2
0.1
= 1.3588 + [(0.1 + 3(1.3588)) + (0.2 + 3(1.8560))]
2

= 1.8560
y2 = 1.8560
ya3 = y2 + h[f(x2,y2)]
= y2 + h[x2 +3y2]
= 1.8560 + 0.1[0.2 +3(1.8560)]
= 2.4328
ℎ
yb3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,ya3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3ya3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.4328))]
2

= 2.5243
ℎ
yc3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yb3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3yb3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5243))]
2

= 2.5380
ℎ
Yd3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yc3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3yc3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5380))]
2

= 2.5401
ℎ
Yd3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yc3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3yc3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5401))]
2

= 2.5404
 ℎ
Yd3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yc3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3yc3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5401))]
2

= 2.5404
ℎ
Ye3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,yd3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3yd3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5404))]
2

= 2.5405
ℎ
Yf3 = y2 + [f(x2,y2) + f(x3,ye3)]
2
ℎ
= y2 + [(x2 + 3y2) + (x3 + 3ye3)]
2
0.1
= 1.8560 + [(0.2 + 3(1.8560)) + (0.3 + 3(2.5405))]
2

= 2.5405