CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC SWIMMING
POOL
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
Location: BUSANZA ,KANOMBE SECTOR ,RUBURUZI CELL,
KICUKIRO DISTRICT
Plot No: 1/03/05/04/4196
Owner: NYIRABUHORO FATOUMA FANNY
Date: JUNE 2024
Page 1 of 16
1. Introduction
The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed will
perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain
all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and
resistance to the effects of misuse and fire.
Once the building form and structural arrangement have been finalized the design problem consists of
the following:
1. Idealization of the structure into loadbearing frames and elements for analysis and design
2. Estimation of loads
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams, columns and walls using the
results from 3
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules
This structural design process has been carried out under use of BS8110 design code of practice.
Especially, computations have been made by use of BS 8110 based spreadsheets; publication produced
by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS
8110 and EC2'.
Page 2 of 16
1. NOTATIONS
The symbolic notation used in this project is in accordance with the BS code of practice. Other symbols not
defined here, have been defined alongside the particular place where they have been applied.
A: cross section area Qk: imposed load
Asmin: minimum required reinforcement section S: spacing of shear reinforcement
B: width of foundation footing, Beam V: shear force in concrete section
b: width reinforced concrete section Øt: shear reinforcement diameter
bf : width of flange in a beam Ø: reinforcementdiameter
bw : width of web of a flanged a beam B.S: British standard
C: cover C.P: Code of Practice
d: effective depth of tensile reinforcement RC: Reinforced concrete
H: depth of foundation m.f: modification factor
fcu: characteristic yield strength of concrete at
28 days
fy: characteristic yield strength of steel
GK: dead load
h: overall depth of a concrete section
hf: thickness of flange in a T-beam
L: span length
lx : short-span length
ly: long-span length
M: bending moment
p: perimeter
qadm: bearing pressure
Page 3 of 16
2. ASSUMPTIONS
Design standards used
Design standard used to determine section of steel bars of different structural elements of concerned building are
BS 8110
Unities
Volumetric load: kN/m3
Surface load: kN/m2
Linear load: kN/m
Point load: kN
Dead loads
Roof structure: 1.5kN/m2
Reinforced concrete: 25kN/m3
Finishes: 1.0kN/m2
Masonry in burnt bricks: 18kN/m3
Coating in cement mortar: 20kN/m3
Masonry in cement blocks: 13.5kN/m3
Imposed load or live load
Residential building: 3kN/m2
Cover conditions
Slabs, beams and columns [mild condition]: 20mm
Foundation pads [moderate condition]: 40mm
Soil characteristics
Sandy-gravel subsoil of unit weight: 18kN/m3
Allowable bearing pressure: 300 kN/ m2
Mix proportions [BS 5328-2]
Page 4 of 16
Mix ratio: 350 kg/ m3
Elasticity limit for construction materials
Strength of reinforcement:
Hot rolled mild steel: 250 N/mm2
High yield steel (hot rolled or cold worked): 420 N/mm2
Concrete ƒck: 25N/mm2
Partial safety magnification factors
For dead load: 1.4
For live load: 1.6
Basic span-effective depth ration: 26
Page 5 of 16
2. Geotechnical Design Data
2.1 Site Condition and Recommendation
Since there is no available information about the site condition, the soil bearing capacity shall be
assumed 300kN/m2. The foundation designs will be verified against the data and
recommendations received from the soil investigations.
3. Design Criteria
3.1 Design Loading
3.1.1 Dead Load
The following densities and dead load allowances will be adopted in the design of the
structural elements:
Density of Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m3
Density of Unreinforced Concrete 23.0 kN/m3
Density of Soil 20.0 kN/m3
Submerged Density of Concrete 10 KN/m3
Submerged Density of Soil 10 KN/m3
3.1.2 Super Imposed Load
The following super imposed dead loads shall be taken into account:
Floor Finishes 1.5 KN/m2
Services 1.0 KN/m2
3.1.3 Live Load
The following live loads shall be taken into account:
Loading Bay 7.50 KN/m2
Sand load shall be additive to live loads when area under consideration is usedas a work
area. A 0.75 kN/m2 load shall be used in design of slabs.
3.1.4 Earth Pressure
For the design of earth retaining structural elements, the earth pressure will be determined as
follows:
Ka (active earth pressure) = 1–sin ¢ / 1+sin ¢ = 0.33 (used for check of stability)
Kp (passive earth pressure) = 1+sin ¢ / 1-sin ¢ = 3.0
Ko (at rest pressure) = 1-sin ¢ = 0.50 (used for design of section)
Where ¢ is angle of internal friction, and it is equal to 30 º.
Page 6 of 16
3.2 Load Combinations
3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State
Ultimate Limit State Combinations
ULS_01 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.2 EP + 1.4 WP + 1.2 T
3.2.2 Serviceability Limit State
SLS_01 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 EP + 1.0 WP + 1.0 T
Legend:
DL Dead Load
LL Live/Imposed
EP Earth Pressure
WP Water Pressure
T Uniform Temperature
3.3 Materials
All materials shall conform to the applicable standards as stated herein or as specified in the
performance specification.
3.3.1 Concrete
The following concrete grades and properties shall be used:
Concrete Grade Structural Element Characteristic Modulus of Elasticity
Strength fcu
C40/20 All Structural Elements 40 N/mm2 28 KN/mm2
C20/20 Blinding / Mass Concrete 20 N/mm2 20 KN/mm2
3.3.2 Reinforcing Steel
Hot rolled reinforcement to BS 4449: 1997 will be specified with the following properties:
Type Designation Yield Strength Modulus of Elasticity
Mild Steel R 250 N/mm2 200 KN/mm2
High Yield Deformed Type 2 T 460 N/mm2 200 KN/mm2
Page 7 of 16
3.4 Concrete Cover
Element Exposure Min. Cover
Raft Earth Faces 75mm
Other Faces 50mm
Retaining Walls Earth Faces Exposed 60mm
to Weather 40mm
Water Tank Walls Water Faces 50mm
Other Faces 40mm
3.5 Crack Control
For retaining aqueous liquids structures a maximum crack width of 0.20 mm shall be
adopted; crack width shall be calculated to BS8007.
3.6 Codes and Standards
BS 8007 Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids BS
8110 Structural Use of Concrete
BD 28 Early Thermal Cracking in Concrete
Page 8 of 16
4. Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab
The maximum water depth = 1.40 m.
The water pressure = 10 * 1.40 = 14.0 kN/m’
Service Moment due to water pressure = 0.50 * 14 * 1.40 * 1.40 / 3
= 4.57 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to water pressure = 1.40 * 4.57
= 6.43 kN.m
The maximum wall height = 1.60 m.
The at rest earth pressure due to soil = 0.50 * 20 * 1.60 = 16.0 kN/m’
The at rest earth pressure due to surcharge = 0.50 * 7.50 = 3.75 kN/m’
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 0.50 * 16.0 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 3 +
3.75 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 2
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 6.90 + 4.80
= 11.70 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to earth pressure = 1.20 * 11.70
= 14.00 kN.m
Ground water table is lower the base slab so NO bending moment on the base slab due to the
water weight.
Page 9 of 16
Page 10 of 16
Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section According to BS8110
Structural Design of Swimming Pools Part Title:- Design of Vertical Wall
1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :
M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.
2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
fcu 40 N/mm2 fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
h 360 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 290 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T16-175) 1142 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.
3. Steps of Design
z 276 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1 115 Kn.m Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).
Mu2 505 Kn.m Mu2 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (2).
Mu capacity 115 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
As min. 540 mm2
Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK
As provided > As min. As provided is OK
Page 11 of 16
Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110
( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone ) Structural Design of
Swimming Pools Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall
1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :
M DL 6.90 Kn.m M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL 4.80 Kn.m M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.
2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm
3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
h 360 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 290 mm d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
As 1142 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.
16 mm = Bar diameter.
s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.
4. Calculations of crack width
Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 77.44 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression. Inv
7.922E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section. M
11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.
s 38.78 N/mm2 s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
s 1.85E-04 s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1 2.45E-04 1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
neg. concrete effect in tension.
m 0.00E+00 m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile z one
Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr 96.98 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.
Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.000 mm
Safe of crack width
Page 12 of 16
Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section
According to BS 8110
Structural Design of Swimming Pools
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab
1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :
M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.
2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
fcu 40 N/mm2 fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
h 250 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 170 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T12-175) 645 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.
3. Steps of Design
z 162 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1 38 Kn.m Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).
Mu2 173 Kn.m Mu2 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (2).
Mu capacity 38 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
As min. 375 mm2
Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK
As provided > As min. As provided is OK
Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110
( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Structural Design of Swimming Pools
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab
1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :
M DL 6.90 Kn.m M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL 4.80 Kn.m M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.
2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm
3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
h 250 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 170 mm d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
As 645 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.
12 mm = Bar diameter.
s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.
4. Calculations of crack width
Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 44.69 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression. Inv
1.549E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section. M
11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.
s 116.95 N/mm2 s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
s 5.57E-04 s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1 9.12E-04 1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
neg. concrete effect in tension.
m 4.21E-04 m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile z one
Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr 97.89 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.
Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.084 mm
Safe of crack width
5. Check of Early Thermal Cracking
Early thermal cracking shall be checked according to BD28.
As = ( fct / fb ) * Ac * * [R (sh + th) - 0.5 * ult ] / ( 2 * w ) clause 5.3
fct / fb = 0.67 clause 5.4.
Ac = 250 * 1000 = 250000 mm2. Gross area of section.
= 12 mm bar size.
R = 0.50 Restraint Factor
ult = 0.0002 clause 5.3
sh = 0.0001 clause 5.6
th = 0.80 * * (T1 + T2) clause 5.7
th = 0.80 * 0.000012 * (30 + 20) = 0.00048
w = 0.20 allowable crack width
As required = 0.67 * 250000 * 12 * [ 0.50 * (0.0001 + 0.00048) - 0.5 * 0.0002 ] / ( 2 * 0.20 )
As required = 955 mm2.
As provided = T12-175 at Top & Bottom Surface = 2 * 113 / 0.175
As provided = 1290 mm2 > As required OK
6. Check Soil Bearing Capacity
Thickness of Plain concrete Slab = 0.10 m.
Thickness of Reinforced Base Slab = 0.20 m.
The maximum water depth = 2.40 m.
Pressure on soil due to base slab and water = 0.075 * 23 + 0.20 * 25 + 2.40 * 10
= 21.975 kN/m2.
Assuming the vertical wall weight shall acting on 1.00m width of base slab.
Weight of vertical wall = 0.36 * 1.60 * 25 = 14.40 kN/m’
Total pressure on the soil = 21.98 + 14.40
= 36.38 kN/m2 < soil Bearing =300Kn/m2
Done at KIGALI on the 19 JUNE 2024
By Eng BARIRIMANA MUTIEN MARIE
REG # A305/EC/IER/2015
