Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

Implementation of Sensors in IOT Application

Waad Mohammed Ahmed Fadalalla1; Ahmed Abdalla Ali2; Hisham Abdalla3; Osman Wahballa4
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering
Karary University- Khartoum- Sudan

Abstract:- In the past few decades, the importance of the Therefore, IOT invent separately by Kevin and hence
Internet of things (IOT) has emerged in various fields. It the phrase IOT has been appeared. Subsequently, the
is a technology that connects the Internet to all devices analysis of radio-frequency identification (RFID) is
that are incapable to connect to the Internet. Therefore, addressed, which would permit computers to handle all
this paper aims to provide convenient realization of individual things.[4] The major topic of the IOT is to insert
sensors in the IOT system. The idea based on the start of short-range mobile transceivers in a variety of devices and
the IOT, as it is a modern idea that combines ease of work daily requirements to permit new forms of communication
and development, in the company of itself and benefitting between citizens and things, and among things themselves.
of limited communications such as short message service Furthermore, defining the IOT as basically the point in time
(SMS) and broad communications such as wireless when more 'things or objects' were connected to the Internet
fidelity (WIFI), toward ensure robust and applicable than people, Cisco Systems expected that the, with the
sensors that can be serve the community in several things/citizens ratio rising from 0.08 in 2003 to 1.84 in
aspects, predominantly people with special needs. The 2010[5].
system uses Arduino, event stream processing (ESP),
sensors and global system for mobile (GSM) to control II. RELATED WORK
devices. The system is simulated by using an electronic
circuit via Google assistant and messages application. Due to recent developments in IOT and their
applications many researchers have been interested on this
Keywords:- Internet of Things; Short Message Service; matter , thus Morais et al. [6] presented building up
Google Command. understanding of dynamic IOT to data with particular
explanation of its variables, quantifier and sensors
I. INTRODUCTION organization, and hence a recognition of nineteen data kinds
has been achieved. Authors in. [7] discover the process to
The main concept of a network of smart devices discuss navigate transport unit in smart cities by means of
in the early as 1982, with a customized Coca-Cola achievement of vision based sensor and advanced normalized
transaction machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming phase correlation. As a consequence, evades organizes global
the first ARPANET-connected appliance, capable to positioning system (GPS) with calibrated sensors. Such
statement its stock and whether newly loaded drinks were mapping of vehicles needs image registration. The
freezing or not.[1] Mark Weiser's presents the ubiquitous researchers effectively obtain precise result in comparison to
computing, the computer of the 21st century, in addition to calculated data from GPS corresponding to predictable
academic venues such as UbiComp and PerCom created the position accuracy. Gao chong et al. [8] studied the participant
modern visualization of the Internet of things (IOT).[2]In and comeback of smart home system based on browse/ server
1994, Reza Raji illustrated the conception in IEEE Spectrum (B/S) module. The structural design of purposed smart home
as "[moving] small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so system along with its hardware design and its implementation
as to integrate and automate the whole thing from home criteria has been elucidated. The user can remotely control
appliances to entire factories". Between 1993 and 1997, a the house hold objects.
number of groups projected explanation akin to Microsoft's at
Work , Novell's or national employment investments The outline performance of the aforementioned methods
trust(NEST). The field has been grow greatly when Bill Joy is flexible and valuable. However, more effort needs to be
envisioned device-to-device communication as a division of carried out; therefore, Soumya Basak et al. [9] introduced
his "Six Webs" framework, obtainable at the World remote monitoring station (RMS). It is worth noticed that,
Economic Forum at Davos in 1999.[3] RMS attained good performances when interconnection of
internet with wireless network, Message Queuing Telemetry
The idea of the "Internet of things" and the term itself, Tracking (MQTT) are established. The application of RMS
initially become visible in a speech by Peter T. Lewis. lies in providing climatic alerts to farmer serving them in
According, to Lewis the IOT, is the combination of nation, growth and preservation of crop production. A.R. Ali et al.
[10]
procedures and technology with connectable instruments and presented the design of wireless smart sensors, its
sensors to allow remote checking, status, treatment and associated standards, protocols, network topologies and
assessment of trends of such instruments. information regarding its realization. The mobility setup in
network of wireless smart sensors by means of diversity of
protocols as well institute of electrical and electronics

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Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

engineers (IEEE) 1451. B. Soh et al. [11] investigated the More results found by Loizos Kanaris et al. [18] to
element responsible for setting up smart city that is ‘network verify and compare the remarks of simulation performed
sensors’. The researchers addressed selection of solutions and throughout designing of IOT networks. In this
principled implications to deal with challenges faced experimentation, connection of two simulators as completed
throughout growth of novel techniques. For that reason, it amid the network layer and 3D polymeric radio propagation.
contains delivery of service & optimization, security & safety Next, Tao Liu et al. [19] explored the arrangement of IOT
management, traffic control & parking, smart building, technologies and implementation of its functionalities. The
public transport. Thus, Yaw-Wen kuo et al. [12] focused on purpose of IOT helping in clinical care and real time
the principle of IOT presented to daily routine of users electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring by means of
applied in the automation system through environment telemedicine technology has been demonstrated. Henrich C.
sensor. Pohls et al. [20] accomplishment of software based elliptic-
curve cryptography (ECC) on constrained devices for secure
Owing to need of accessibility in transmission of digital signature. The plan is to reconstruct the previous
electricity, low transmission and long range of power is signed bit representation. Soumya Kanti Datta et al. [21]
essential therefore sensor node depict less amount of current concluded the possibility of integrated semantics computing
in transmission. The function of media access control (MAC) on android powered mobile devices.
and RF radio technologies has been discussed. The author
designed commercial module based sensor node which Discussion for embedding M3 framework by means of
implemented IEEE 802.15.4e (TaSCH) time slotted channel its light weight version in mobile purpose has been
hopping. Alcaya et al. [13] explored the comprehensive completed. Accordingly, structural design of machine to
structural design for angle of attack sensors and declared machine and its associated prototype has been realized.
short explanation of its drawing. Then, Himadri Nath Saha et Prahlada Rao B. B et al. [22] explored the scheme on
al. [14] reviewed literature on disaster management on risk operational of cloud computing and IOT for addressing big
identified during disaster and its preparedness. data issues. The different applications such as irrigation,
environmental monitoring and augmented reality are
The phenomena of disaster management includes recognized on cloud by means of sensor as service. Qian Zhu
emergency response, allocation of resources, reaction et al. [23] implemented IOT gateway working as bridge
planning and ends up at recovery of disaster by means of between network of network and wireless sensor network.
early warning, sensors and IOT standard. The authors in. [15]
considered three chief factor of sensor nodes as energy with The gateway based on Zig bee- GPRS protocols
connected location and superiority of link when kept in or investigated the application in smart city, industrial and
outer the network by arranged many base station performing environmental monitoring. Uday Shankar Shanthamallu et al.
[24]
simulations in Matlab and estimated life span of node by presented brief review on conceptual machine learning
applying one of the routing practices. Xuxun Liu et al. [16] and applicability of its algorithms. A variety of modals
implemented (ACO) ant colony optimization. Researcher including supervised, unsupervised methods and deep
developed method of global optimal distance acquirement by learning processes has been focused upon.
adopting the progression of network lifetime judgment and
accomplished with the objective of high energy consumed The applications of algorithm are exploited for
throughput network and low energy dissipation from sensor irregularity detection, sensor networking, and pattern
nodes. Wenzhengxu et al. [17] reconnoitered whilst nodes are recognition and at different layers of IOT structural design.
moderately charged during convey of energy wirelessly by S.S.Navghane et al. [18] considered sketch for implementing
realizing magnetic resonant coupling. Canvasser compared IOT based smart dustbins jointly with Wi-Fi module, weight
state of art benchmark with the result of total space travelled and IR sensors for contributing hygiene in the society. The
by mobile charger 1 to 15% extended and highest total current status of garbage could be retrieved on mobile web
sensors lifetime is 9% with respect to average energy ending browser using Wi-Fi with html page. Interfacing of
period per sensor using two types of algorithms. microcontroller possessing IR sensor with central system is
finished by means of Wi-Fi module. Khirod Chandra Sahoo
et al. [25] investigated intruder detection in order to preserve
security.

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Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

Fig 1 Project Flow Char.

It is significance to show that, the application and lamp order it send to the or gate then to lamp. all these steps
characteristics of passive infrared sensor (PIR) able of must be done in many seconds. Note that in this way the
detecting the anomalous motion even in dark surroundings project needs the internet connection. The second way if the
has been carried out by Zig bee. The main idea used for light dependent resistor (LDR) sensor detect value Measure
creating wireless sensor network and ESP 8266 module to the light intensity in the room in normal and dark conditions;
transmit data to a remote server. The global system for its measure using Arduino application code, as show as fig
mobile communication (GSM) sends text alerts to respective [2] Where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis is the
authorities regarding detection of intruder. All sensor nodes intensity of illumination.As we can see, the natural
connected to center node utilize Zig bee for transmitting and illumination is at400. first GSM send notification to mobile
receiving data wirelessly. phone and if the SIM received orders it send to Arduino to or
gate using coding to relay to the lamp, also if the move
III. PROPOSED SCHEME sensor detect movement Measure the move intensity in the
room around the sensors; its measure using Arduino
The project started in two ways as show in fig [1], The application code, as show as fig [3] Where the x-axis
first way when the orders came from google assistant in represents time and the y-axis is the intensity of movement
mobile phone it sends to adafruit via if this then this when the light goes down the order send to Arduino open
application (IFTTT) online by using email and user name lamp by coding then send to or gate to the lamp. Note that to
account. Then, Adafruit through the internet send the orders, GSM need balance to send the notification and mobile phone
by adafruit key the event stream processing (ESP) received also need balance to send orders.
the order and send it to relay to fan if it fans order but if it

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Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

Fig 2 Measuring the Light Intensity

Fig 3 Measuring the Intensity of Movement

There are two ways to start the project but the two ways say the command or order or open the keyboard to write the
will be using to gather the first way to control using google command or order “Activate lamp on” to open lamp fig [4].
command in google home press the microphone to speak and

Fig 4 Orderusing Speaks or Type

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Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

When send that IFTTT replay to the command by

notification and set the order to the adafruit fig[5,6].

Fig 7 GSM Sends Notification and we Send Order by

Replay the Question

When we send the order GSM send the Signal to the

arduinoand it send signal to or gate to the relay finally lamp
is openalso we can send the order without received message
by say“ON” to send high signal to open lamp and send
Fig 5 Replay to the Order “OFF” to sendlow signal to close lamp as can be seenin fig
[8]. The hardware implementation is presented in fig [9].

Fig 8 Sending Order without Replay the Question

Fig 6 Replay to the Order

From adafruit link to ESP by the code with the adafruit

key and username; adafruit link to ESP used message
queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) library in ESP code, in
code the comment controls the signal transmission to pin and
integrated circuit (IC) or relay to the device. The second way
to control using sensors this way in depended to light
industry if light was high or normal lamp doesn’t open any
way but if the light was goes down GSM will send SMS
“Low light open lamp?” the order will send using SMS
replay to the question see the figure below fig [7]. Fig 9 The Hardware Prototype

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Volume 9, Issue 11, November– 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV159

IV. CONCLUSION say the command or order or open the keyboard to write the
command or order “Activate lamp on” to open lamp fig [4].
In to the recent development of Internet of Things, this
research is designed to build a system that implements REFERENCES
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