Learning

9th Grade

English
is
Challenging!
ACTIVITY
TIME!
In the first response of
Anna, how did she
explain to her teacher
about her whereabouts
during the present
situation?
The use of “since”
expresses time describing
when she started to stay
inside their house. It can
also express cause or
reason like in the
statement, "Since we have
internet at home, I think I
can do online.”
In the response of Mrs. Cruz
regarding Ana attending
school, how is the word
“although”used?
Although in the sentence
expresses reason and provide
an option to answer the
problem mentioned in the
situation.
l. Stay healthy and
enjoy learning
with us.
In the first sentence, the word “and” is used
to add something to the previous idea. It
connects the ideas of “Stay healthy” and
“enjoy learning with us.” Also, you will notice
that both statements start with verbs “stay”
and “enjoy”. Thus, apart from using the word
connector “and”, using parallel structures as
seen in the example may be used to achieve
cohesion.
2. Therefore, we
do not have to
worry
anymore.
In the second sentence, the word “therefore” is
used to give or show conclusion. With the
efforts of the Department of Education with
regards to students attending classes, Anna
and her parents therefore, do not have to worry
about her enrolment. Also, you will notice the
use of the pronoun “we” which apparently
refers back to Anna’s parents. The use of
pronoun is also another cohesive device that
you can take advantage. When you keep on
referring to the same idea, it makes ideas stick
together.
3. However, my parents
told me to stay home
and stop schooling
because they are
concerned of my safety.
In the third sentence, the word “but” shows contrast of
ideas. Also, the word “because” shows reason. So, in
the sentence, because Anna’s parents are concerned
of her safety. Apart from using these connectors, it
was also evident that there were a couple of
repetitions evident in the dialogue. What words were
repeated? The words school and stay were repeated.
Also, the idea of the pandemic which was suggested
by the following phrases the situation right now and
pandemic are repeated. Thus, another way of
achieving cohesion is through repetition of ideas or
words.
Cohesion in writing may be achieved
through the following means:
1. Repetition of words or ideas. This
helps to focus your ideas and to keep
your reader on track.
Example: Most people find
contemporary art difficult to
understand. Contemporary art is
purposely abstract, leaving the viewers
wondering what they are looking at.
Cohesive Devices are words
and expressions that show
relationships between parts of
text and ideas, such as cause
and effect, time, addition, or
comparison and contrast.
Use of synonyms for key words and
phrases. Synonyms are words that
have essentially the same
meaning, and they provide some
variety of word choices, helping the
reader to stay focused on the idea
being discussed. Example: At the
end of the run, he was suddenly
afraid. The height of the tree
terrified him.
Pronouns / Determiners. This, that,
these, those, he, she, it, they, and we
are useful pronouns for referring to
something previously mentioned.
Be sure, however, that what you are
referring to is clear. Example: Mr.
Noviel Fraga is the CEO of Fraga
Fisheries and Company. He
became the CEO in 2018.
Use transitional devices
(linkers, conjunctions or
connectors). These are
words which give cues to
the readers on the
relationships between
sentences, joining sentences
together.
The most common cohesive device used is the use of
transitional devices. They are sometimes called
linking words, linkers, connectors, or transitional
words. These are words or group of words that show
the relationship between sentences and paragraphs
of a text or speech.
These are words like ‘For example’, ‘In conclusion’,
‘however’, and ‘moreover’. We use them to link
sentences, paragraphs or any pieces of texts. In other
words, cohesive devices make our ideas coherent,
consistent and organized. Inappropriate use of these
can affect the flow of thoughts or ideas expressed in
the sentence.
Cohesive devices
may slightly vary as
they appear in
different text types.
Text types may be
informative,
persuasive,
narrative, and
demonstrative.
Informative Text – This text serves to provide interesting
and useful information to your audience. Some examples
of informative speeches are found below:
Posting of health protocols is a must. It directs the
people on how to follow physical distancing in the
workplace namely, maintaining distance between
employees and avoiding mass gatherings.
Moreover, posting it at the entrance of every
establishment is also advised. Furthermore, establishing
daily disinfection procedures like, placing hand washing
stations and checking of body temperature are strictly
practiced. These are simple precautionary measures for
the prevention of virus transmission.
Demonstrative Text –This type of text teaches
you something. They differ from other types
mostly because the writer shows its readers
how to do things.
Example: How to Wash Your Hands Properly
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), you need to wash your hands properly so
that you can protect yourself against infection.
Wash your hands with soap and water, then, dry
them thoroughly. If not, use alcohol-based hand
rub.
Washing your hands properly should be as long as
singing the "Happy Birthday" song twice.
Here are the steps: first, you need to wet hands with
water; second, apply enough soap to cover up all
hand surfaces; third, rub hands palm to palm;
fourth, palm to palm with fingers interlaced; fifth,
back to fingers to opposing palms with fingers
interlocked; sixth, rotational rubbing of left hand;
seventh, rotational rubbing of backwards and
forwards with clasped fingers of right hand and left
hand and vice versa; then, rinse hands with water;
and finally, dry thoroughly with a single use of towel.
Persuasive – this text is used to convince the readers or
listeners to change the way they think, do, so they begin
doing something new.
Why go out when it is much safer at home? Why don’t you
reflect and ponder on lessons brought about by this
pandemic rather than blame others? Why do you always
have to rant or complain on social media about the
government’s work when you can be of help to it? My dear
friends, this pandemic will never be gone if, we, the people,
will not help our government officials and front liners prevent
it. The only way we can be of help to them is to follow the
implemented policies and health protocols. Hence, let us
help altogether to heal our country as one!
Narrative — A narrative text is used to tell a story, often one that is
based on personal experience.
Example:
On Saving
As a young teen, Camella does not enjoy much of her teenage life
unlike the other teenagers do. Her weekends are spent on looking for
work so, she can earn her allowance. She spends two hundred pesos
a week. One hundred pesos for her lunch, eighty pesos for her fare
and twenty pesos for classroom dues. She earns more than what she
needs for the week. Moreover, on Saturdays, her routine would be to
go to a distant relative and wash clothes to earn one hundred pesos.
In the afternoon, she volunteers weeding at her neighbor’s garden for
a small fee. Furthermore, on Sundays after church services, she would
iron out her teacher’s uniform for one hundred pesos. Despite her
weekend routine, she remains to be one of the smartest in class.