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Lecture 2-Time-Shifted Signals and Matlab Implementation - Ss

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22 views

Lecture 2-Time-Shifted Signals and Matlab Implementation - Ss

Uploaded by

Oladimeji Yusuf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Qadri Hamarsheh

Outline
 Time-shifted signals.
 Continuous-Time signals using Matlab.

Time-shifted signals
Suppose that x(t ) a C-T signal, the time-shifted version of x(t ) :
 Shifted to the right by t 1 seconds (Delay), x( t  t 1 ) , t 1 -positive real
number.
 Shifted to the left by t 1 seconds (Advance), x( t  t 1 ) , t 1 -positive real
number.
 Unit step function
u (t  2) u (t  2)

1 2 -2 -1
2-second right shift of u (t ) 2-second left shift of u (t )

Figure 1-9

 Impulse Unit
 k   ( t  t 1 )  0, t  t1
 t 

1

  k   (  t 1 )d  k , for any   0


 t  1

any fixed positive or negative real number.


impulse with area k located at the point t  t1 .
time shift k   (  t 1 ) .
The time shifted unit impulse  ( t  t 1 ) is useful in defining the sifting
property of the impulse given by
t1  

 f ( ) (  t 1 )d  f ( t 1 ), for any   0


t1 

Integrating the product of f (t ) and  ( t  t 0 ) returns a single number : the


value of f (t ) at the location of the shifted delta function.

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
f (t )

f (t 0 )

t0 t

 (t  t 0 )
 (t )

t0 t

Figure 1-10

Steps for applying sifting property:


Examples:

1. 0 e  t cos(t ) ( t  4)dt
Solution:
Step 1: find the variable of integration: t
Step 2: find the argument of  () : t  4
Step 3: find the value of the variable of integration that causes the
argument of  () to go to zero
t  4  0  t  4.
Step 4: if the value in step 3 lies inside limits of integration, then
take everything that is multiplying  () and evaluate it at the value
found in step 3, otherwise "return" zero.
t  4 lies in [0, ] , so evaluate
e 4 cos(4   )  e 4  1  e 4

2. 0 t 3 ( t  8)dt
Solution:
Step 1: t
Step 2: t  8
Step 3: t  8  0  t  8 .
Step 4: No, return 0.
7
 0e sin(6 t ) ( 3t  4)dt
 3t
3.
Solution:
Step 0: change variables:
Let   3t  d  3dt
Integration limits: t  0    0 t  7    21 then
21
 0 (1 / 3)e
 3 / 3
sin(6  / 3) (  4)d
Step 1: find the variable of integration: 

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
Step 2: find the argument of  () :   4
Step 3: find the value of the variable of integration that causes the
argument of  () to go to zero
  4  0    4.
Step 4: if the value in step 3 lies inside limits of integration, then
take everything that is multiplying  () and evaluate it at the value
found in step 3 , otherwise "return" zero.
  4 Lies in [0, 21] , so evaluate (1 / 3)e 4 sin(2 * 4)  0
An important application of the impulse signal is the decomposition of an arbitrary signal
in terms of scaled and delayed impulses:
An arbitrary sequence x(t ) can be expressed as:

x( t )   x( )   (t   )dt


Continuous-Time signals using Matlab


We can use Matlab to plot the continuous-time signals using linear interpolation
(approximated version) with suitable amount of samples according to the
Nyquest theorem.
For example, to generate and plot the following signal
7
x( t )  e  0.2 t  sin( t ), 0  t  250
250
with 0.01 seconds increment for sampling process, the Matlab code for
generation and plotting will be the following.

%Generation Steps of C-T Signal


%Generate the vector t for horizontal axis that contains
%the time values for which x values will be calculated, stored
%and plotted depending on the elements in the vector t.
t =0:0.01:250;
%Generate the first vector of the output containing
%the values of the expression exp(-0.2*t).
x1 = exp(-.02*t);
%Generate the second vector of the output containing
%the values of the expression sin((7*pi*t)/8).
x2 = sin((7*pi*t)/250);
%the resulting vector x must be multiplied element-by-element
%(multiplication of two output vectors), so we must
%use the dot before the multiplication operator.
x = x1.*x2;
% we can write x = exp(-.02*t).* sin((7*pi*t)/250);
%Plotting Step of C-T Signal
%plotting the Exponential Signal
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t,x1,'r');

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
axis auto;
grid
xlabel('Time (Sec)');
ylabel ('Amplitude');
legend('Exponential Signal');
title('Plotting the C-T Signals using Matlab');
%plotting the Sinusoidal Signal
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,x2,'b');
axis auto;
grid
xlabel('Time (Sec)');
ylabel ('Amplitude');
legend('Sinusoidal Signal');
%plotting the Damped Exponential Signal
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,x,'g');
axis auto;
grid
xlabel('Time (Sec)');
ylabel ('Amplitude');
legend('Damped Exponential Signal');
Chapter1-1.m file

In figure 1-12 the intermediate different output signals are illustrated.

Figure 1-12

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