Two-Dimensional Figures

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Lesson Goals

• Find perimeters, circumferences, and areas of two-

dimensional geometric shapes.
• Calculate the measures of real-world objects.

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Learn
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

A polygon is a closed plane figure with at least three straight sides.

The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the lengths of the sides of the
polygon. Some shapes have special formulas for perimeter, but all are
derived from the basic definition of perimeter.
The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle.
Area is the number of square units needed to cover a surface.

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Learn
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Triangle Square

Perimeter Perimeter
𝑃 =𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 𝑃 = 𝑠 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 = 4𝑠
Area Area
1 𝐴 = 𝑠2
𝐴 = bh
2
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Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Rectangle Circle

Perimeter Circumference
𝑃 = 𝓁 + 𝑤 + 𝓁 + 𝑤 = 2𝓁 + 2𝑤 𝐶 = 2π𝑟 or 𝐶= πd
Area Area
𝐴 = 𝓁w 𝐴 = π𝑟 2
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Learn
Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

You can use the Distance Formula to find the perimeter

and area of a polygon graphed on a coordinate plane.
You can also use the Distance Formula to calculate the
radius of a circle and then use the appropriate equations
for circumference and area.

An equilateral polygon has all sides congruent. An

equiangular polygon has all angles congruent. A
regular polygon is a convex polygon that is both
equilateral and equiangular.
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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Find the perimeter or circumference

and area of each figure.

a. Rectangle ABCD
b. Circle C

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 Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

a. Rectangle ABCD
First, find the length 𝓁 of the rectangle by
using the Distance Formula. Let the length be
equal to AD.

𝓁 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 Distance Formula
2 2 Let (𝑥1, 𝑦1) = 𝐴(−4, 2) and
= 1 − −4 + 7−2
(𝑥2, 𝑦2) = 𝐷(1, 7).
= 52 + 52 Subtract.
= 50 Simplify.
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 Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Next, find the width w of the rectangle by using the

Distance Formula. Let the width be equal to AB.

𝑤= 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2 Distance Formula
2 2
Let (𝑥1, 𝑦1) = 𝐴(−4, 2) and
= 0 − −4 + −2 − 2
(𝑥2, 𝑦2) = 𝐵(0, −2).
= 42 + (−4)2 Subtract.
= 32 Simplify.
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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Use the length and width that you calculated to find the
perimeter and area of the rectangle.

𝑃 = 2ℓ + 2𝑤 Perimeter of a rectangle
= 2 50 + 2 32 ℓ = 50 and 𝑤 = 32
≈ 25.5 Simplify.

The perimeter is about 25.5 units.

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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

A = ℓw Area of a rectangle
= 50 × 32 ℓ = 50 and 𝑤 = 32
= 40 Simplify.

The area is 40 square units.

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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

b. Circle C

Use the Distance Formula to calculate the

length of the radius of the circle.

𝑟= (𝑥2− 𝑥1) 2 + (𝑦2− 𝑦1) 2 Distance Formula

= (6 − 4) 2 + (3 − 8) 2 C(4, 8) and D(6, 3)
= 22 + (−5) 2 Subtract.
= 29 Simplify.
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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Use the value of r to find the circumference and area of the circle.

𝐶 = 2π𝑟 Circumference
= 2π 29 or about 33.8 𝑟 = 29
The circumference of the circle is about 33.8 units.
𝐴 = π𝑟 2 Area of a circle
= π( 29) 2 𝑟 = 29
= 29π or about 91.1 Simplify.
The area of the circle is about 91.1 square units.
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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Check
Find the circumference and area of the
circle. Round to the nearest tenth, if
necessary.

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Example 1
Find Perimeter, Circumference, and Area

Check
Find the circumference and area of the
circle. Round to the nearest tenth, if
necessary.
𝐶 ≈ 47.9 units
𝐴 ≈ 182.2 units 2

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Learn
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

A geometric model is a geometric figure that represents a

real-world object. A good model shows all the important
characteristics of the object it represents, although some of
the detail may be lost.
Drafters use two-dimensional geometric models to create
technical drawings that communicate an object’s function or
construction. Scientists may use two-dimensional models to
record an object’s general shape or mechanics in a field
notebook. You can use two-dimensional models to estimate
the perimeter, circumference, and area of objects.
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Example 2
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

Use an appropriate two-dimensional model

and the dimensions provided in the image
to calculate the perimeter and area of the
serving platter.

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Example 2
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

What two-dimensional figure can be used to

model the serving platter?
square

What are the perimeter and area of the

serving platter? Round to the nearest tenth, if
necessary.

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4𝑠 = 4(12.5) = 50 𝑖𝑛.

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = s2 = (12.5)2 ≈ 156.3 in2
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Example 2
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

Because the platter is a square, the

perimeter of the platter is 4 multiplied by
the length of the side. The area is the
length of the side squared. The perimeter
of the platter is 50 inches, and the area of
the platter is about 156.3 square inches.

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Example 2
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

Check
Use an appropriate two-dimensional
model and the dimensions provided in
the image to calculate the perimeter and
area of the framed art.
What two-dimensional figure can be
used to model the art?

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Example 2
Modeling with Two-Dimensional Figures

Check
FRAMES Use an appropriate two-
dimensional model and the dimensions
provided in the image to calculate the
perimeter and area of the framed art.
What two-dimensional figure can be
used to model the art? rectangle
𝑃 = 203.2 cm; 𝐴 = 2476.6 cm2

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Example 3
Using a Two-Dimensional Model

BUSINESS Isaiah owns a small café.

Part A A new fire code states that
there must be 15 square feet of
free space for every customer
in the café. How many people
can be in the café?
Part B Isaiah wants to hang garland
around the tables and the
drink station. How much
garland does Isaiah need?
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Example 3
Using a Two-Dimensional Model

Part A

Step 1 Find the amount of free

space available.
Find the total area of the café.
Area of the café = 15 × 15 or 225 ft 2
Then, find the area of the counter and
the drink station.
𝐶 = 3 × 11 or 33 ft 2
1
𝐷= 5 • 6 or 15 ft 2
2
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Example 3
Using a Two-Dimensional Model

Find the areas of the tables by using the Distance Formula.

ℓ= (3 − 1)2 + (9 − 5)2 or 20 and 𝑤 = (3 − 1)2 + (4 − 5)2 or 5
𝑇 = ℓ • 𝑤 = 20 • 5 or 10 ft 2
Find the amount of free space available for Isaiah’s customers.
𝐴 = area of the café − 𝐶 − 𝐷 − 2𝑇
= 225 − 33 − 15 − 2 × 10 or 157 ft 2

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Example 3
Using a Two-Dimensional Model

Step 2 Find the number of people that can be in the café.

1 person
157 ft 2 • ≈ 10.5 or 10 people
15 ft2
The café can hold 10 people.

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Example 3
Using a Two-Dimensional Model

Part B
Find the sum of the perimeters of the tables and drink station.

length of garland = 2 • perimeter of table + perimeter of drink station

= 2 2 20 + 2 5 + 6 + 5 + 15 − 9 2 + 5−0 2

≈ 45.6 feet

Isaiah would need at least 45.6 feet of garland.

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