"STEPPING INTO MOTHERHOOD: NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES AND

TRIUMPHS OF TEENAGE MOTHERS"

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Adolescent pregnancy is a global issue that most often occur in poorer and

marginalized communities. Many girls face considerable pressure to marry early and

become mothers while they are still children themselves. Teenage pregnancy increases

when girls are denied the right to make decisions about their sexual and reproductive

health and well- being.

The World Health Organization (2020) estimates that 16 million girls under the

age of fifteen (15) give birth every year, with the highest rates occurring in Sub-Saharan

Africa and Latin America. Teenage pregnancy poses several struggles and challenges,

including health risks. Teenage mothers are at higher risk of experiencing complications

during pregnancy and childbirth, such as preterm labor, low birth weight, and

preeclampsia. Additionally, teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school,

limiting their educational and employment opportunities. Teenage mothers often face

financial difficulties, as they may not be able to support themselves and their child.

Teenage pregnancy can even perpetuate a cycle of poverty and poor health outcomes

across generations.

In the Philippines, teenage pregnancy is a growing concern, with 8% of

adolescent females under twenty (20) have already experienced pregnancy. The
causes of teenage of pregnancy are varied, including poverty, lack of access to

education and family planning services, socioeconomic factors, and cultural attitudes

towards sex and sexuality. (National Demographic and Health Survey, 2017).

Teenage pregnancy is a concern in many communities, including Magsaysay,

Davao del Sur. According to data from the Municipal Rural Health Office (2020), there

were thirty-two (32) reported cases of teenage pregnancies in Magsaysay between

January to September of 2020. This numbers represent a concerning trend, as it

indicates that there may be more cases that are unreported. As per records from the

Guidance Office of Lower Bala National High School, four (4) students are currently

enrolled in the school who got pregnant in the first semester. Also, four (4) students

have enrolled who got pregnant and stopped regular schooling to register for the

Alternative Learning System (ALS).

Exploring and studying this crucial issue is essential as it is a serious social

concern that affects both individuals and society as a whole. It is known that girls who

become pregnant as a teenager will face increased medical risks and if the pregnancy

is taken to term, there are also increased medical risks for their babies. We also know

that teenage mothers, and their children, can suffer from poorer life outcomes. With the

prevalence of teenage pregnancy from global to local settings, the researchers of this

study have concluded that exploring and understanding this issue would give light and

even more understanding on the experiences of teenage mothers particularly within the

locality of Lower Bala, Magsaysay, Davao del Sur.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers of this study aims to explore and understand the experiences,

struggles and triumphs of teenage mothers within the locality of Lower Bala,

Magsaysay, Davao del Sur. Particularly, it seeks to give light to the following research

questions:

1. What are the common difficulties faced by teenage mothers in their journey to

motherhood?

2.How do teenage mothers cope up with the negative consequences of teenage

pregnancy?

3. What role do family and friends play to support teenage mother through

pregnancy and parenting?

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this research is to shed light on the challenges that teenage

mothers face and the coping strategies they employ, as well as their perception on

teenage motherhood. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of

teenage mothers as they navigate the challenges and triumphs of stepping into

motherhood. By gaining a deeper understanding of their perspectives and experiences,

we can identify the tools and resources needed to support these young mothers during

this critical time in their lives. Through this study, we hope to provide insights that can

help inform interventions and support services for teenage mothers. This study aims to:
 1. Understanding the common difficulties faced by teenage mothers in their journey

to motherhood?

2. Identifying the coping strategies for teenage mothers in dealing with the

consequences of motherhood at a very young age; and

3. Exploring the ways how families and friends did support teenage mothers

through pregnancy and parenting.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant because teenage motherhood remains a critical

challenge for many communities globally. Teenage mothers face various challenges in

their transition to motherhood, including social isolation, financial instability, limited

education opportunities, and limited access to healthcare. Despite these challenges,

there are also triumphs and resilience demonstrated by teenage mothers as they

navigate this life-changing experience. This study benefits:

Teens the research results can provide awareness of the challenges they may face

as teenage mothers and the coping mechanisms they can adopt to overcome them, as

well as providing them with a platform to share their stories and experiences, helping

them feel less isolated and more supported during their journey into motherhood.

Parents would be able to realize their great role in educating their teenagers,

protecting and diverting them from indulging early sex especially if without marriage.

Friends could offer a non-judgmental listening ear, teen mothers can feel valued,

validated, and understood, which is essential for their mental health and well-being.
 Future Researchers might be able to understand the unique challenges that young

women face when they become mothers at a young age. It could help researchers on

the challenges and triumphs of teenage mothers, researchers can gain a deeper

understanding of the unique struggles that young mothers face.

Definition of Terms

To better understand the problem, the researchers unlock some key terms that

are used in the study.

Teenage Pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs for a woman under the age of 20.

Adolescent Mothers are women between the ages of 11 and 19 who become

pregnant and parent their children.

Motherhood is the state or experience of being a mother and the responsibilities

and duties associated with caring for and raising a child.

Parenting is the process of raising children and providing them with protection and

care in order to ensure their healthy development into adulthood.

Child a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the

developmental period of infancy and puberty.

 BODY

Research Design

The researchers employs a phenomenology approach that focuses on

understanding and exploring the lived experiences of individuals. In other words, it

seeks to uncover the subjective perceptions and meanings that people attach to their

experiences, rather than objective data. By using phenomenology as a research design,

researchers can gain a deeper, more meaningful understanding of the human

experience in a particular context. This methodology is particularly useful when studying

complex, multi-faceted phenomena, such as emotions, relationships, and social

interactions ( BE Neubauer, 2019 ).

This study was carried out at the Lower Bala National High School in May 2023

using the in-depth interview as research instruments. As a result of the one-on-one

interview with two respondents, no problems were encountered regarding

understanding or completing the study. In the study, answers to the one-on-one

interview related to teenage motherhood were received from participants that were

picked purposively within the localities of Lower Bala, Magsaysay, and Davao del Sur. It

was transcribed and interpreted into themes to determine the challenges and triumphs

of the respondents.

Sampling Procedure
 Purposive sampling is instrumental in understanding teenage mothers by

selecting participants with specific characteristics relevant to the topic. This approach

captures diverse perspectives, explores contributing factors in-depth, and informs

evidence-based strategies. By intentionally selecting participants based on relevant

characteristics, researchers gain valuable insights into the nuanced aspects of teenage

pregnancy. The collected data provides a comprehensive understanding of the issue,

allowing for the development of targeted interventions and policies that support young

individuals and their communities in preventing teenage pregnancy and promoting

overall well-being.

Data Collection

In this study, we utilized several tools and techniques to gather data, including

obtaining consent from participants, using a recording device to capture the interviews,

utilizing a questionnaire to guide the discussion, and conducting one-on-one interviews.

These methods allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the participants'

perspectives, thoughts, and feelings on the topic being studied. By using these

qualitative research methods, we were able to gather rich and detailed data that helped

us to explore the research question in depth.

Results and Discussion

Becoming a teenage mother is a challenge that many young individuals face.

Teenage mothers experience a unique set of difficulties that can affect their emotional

and physical health, as well as their overall well-being. From managing the

responsibilities of parenthood to balancing school and work, teenage mothers must

navigate numerous challenges. In addition, teenage mothers may face negative

consequences, such as judgment from others and financial hardship. Despite these

challenges, many teenage mothers develop coping mechanisms that allow them to

adapt to their new roles. These coping mechanisms may include seeking support from

their friends and family, utilizing community resources, and developing their own coping

strategies. In particular, support from parents and friends can play a vital role in teenage

mothers' experiences, providing them with assistance in navigating the complexities of

parenthood. This paper seeks to explore the common difficulties experienced by

teenage mothers, their coping mechanisms in the face of negative consequences, and

the role of parental and friend support in their experiences of parenting.

Difficulties Faced by Teenage Mothers

Teenage pregnancy is a complex issue affecting young mothers, causing social

stigma, financial challenges, and emotional stress. Understanding these challenges is

crucial for effective interventions and support programs. As we investigated into the

individual experiences of our participant cases through one-on-one interviews, their

individual problems came to shed light and from their responses emerged the following

themes, to wit: (a) The Lost Sense of Freedom, (b) Feeling of Regrets, (c) Perception of

Depression.

The Lost Sense of Freedom

When they were still single and have not had any children yet. They were able to

wander around or go anywhere they want. However, when they already had children

they were force to stay at home and take responsibility of the child.
 " Ang kalahian kay katong dalaga pa ko nagskwela ko unya makalaag-

laag ko bisag asa nako gusto unya karon nga inahan nako naa nako sa balay

permi nagfocus na sa akong anak (P1).”

The difference between being single and having a son is definitely a big

one because when I was single, I was studying and I could go wherever I

wanted to. When I became a teenage mother, I just stayed at home

permanently and focusing on my son.

The statement highlights the significant changes that occur when someone

becomes a parent, especially at a young age. The responsibilities of caring for a child

restrict the individual's freedom to pursue their personal goals and activities. They have

to prioritize their child's needs and devote themselves to their upbringing. This can

result in a lack of social life and limited opportunities for self-development. This also

shows that early parenthood comes with additional challenges as the individual has to

undertake the responsibilities of the teenage mothers, which can be especially daunting

for a teenager who is still developing their own identity.

Feelings of Regret

The feeling of regret is a common emotion that many people experience at some

point in their lives. For some, it may be related to missed opportunities or choices that

they wish they had made differently. For others, like teenage mothers, it may be related

to the sacrifices they have had to make in order to care for their child.
 " Usahay nakabati sad ko ug pagmahay, kanang masuya ko sa akong

mga barkada kay mabuhat nila ilahang gusto unya ako naa ra sa balay

pero mawala ra man sad everytime makita nako akong anak (P1).”

Sometimes I feel regrets, I envy my friends because they can do

what they want and I’m staying at home, but everytime I see my child, the

feeling of regret will be gone.

It seems that teenage mothers sometimes experience regret and envy when

comparing their life to that of their friends who have more freedom and opportunities.

While teenage mothers may occasionally yearn for more freedom, the love and

connection they share with their child remind them of the meaningful role they play as a

parent, ultimately bringing them immense happiness and contentment in their current

circumstances.

Perception of Depression

Depression is a mental health condition that can cause feelings of sadness,

hopelessness, and despair in teenage mothers.

" Naay usahay mahunahunaan nako akong nga kaagi ug mokalit ra

sad ko ug hilak tapos makaingon ko sa akong kaugalingon nga

maghikog na lang (P2).”

Sometimes I think about my past and suddenly i cry, and then

I tell myself to commit suicide.

 Teenage mothers nowadays lose hope in living because of their negative

experiences in the past that led them to suicidal tendencies. These suicidal tendencies

are rooted in negative feelings after hearing about post-partum depression and negative

comments around, plus the book of responsibilities that became the reasons why the

method became the reason to think about commiting suicide. In the further thinking this

kind of things is bad especially those teenage mothers, teenage mothers need to be the

sudden one that involve in this kind of situation.

Coping Mechanisms of Teenage Mothers

This article looks at the different coping strategies used by teenage mothers to

deal with the difficulties of becoming parents at such a young age. Through one-on-one

interviews, we looked into the unique experiences of our participants. As a result, their

coping mechanism’s came to light, and the themes that followed arose from their

comments, to wit: (a) Ignoring the Negative Comments, (b) The Power of Mother's Love,

(c) The Responsibility of Motherhood.

Ignoring the Negative Comments

Ignoring negative comments can be a healthy way to protect oneself from the

harmful effects of criticism and negativity especially those teenage mothers.

" Dili lang ko nako paminawon ang ilang mga gipang-istorya

about sa akoa nga sayo ko na minyo unya ang sa kapobrehon

 sad namo, mas gituonan nakog pansin akong anak ug sa mga

butang nga mas importante." (P2)

I am just ignoring their negative comments about me because I

got pregnant so early and about the poorness of our life. I am

just focusing to my son and to the things that is important.

Despite facing negative comments about becoming pregnant early and

the financial challenges in their life they chose to ignore them and prioritize

their child and to things that truly matter their strength and focus on providing a

loving environment for their child.

The Child as a New Found Motivation

A mother's love is an enduring and powerful force that gives her strength,

resilience, and the ability to overcome any challenge. It has the power to shape reality

and inspires selflessness and sacrifices. A mother's love is a remarkable testament to

strength, resilience, and unwavering support.

" Nakalahutay ko tungod sa akong anak. Makita

lang nako akong anak nga nalipay, malipay na sad ko

(P1).”
 I overcome everything because of my child. Seeing my child's

smile makes me happy too.

The smile of their child is a powerful source of happiness and

inspiration for them. It ignites a sense of purpose and gives them the

strength to overcome any obstacles that come their way. Their child's

presence fills their life with joy and reminds them of the unwavering

bond they share. At the same time

Role of Family and Friends in Supporting the Teenage Mothers

The role of family and friends in supporting teenage mothers cannot be

understated. Through one-on-one interviews, the unique experiences of teenage

mothers revealed several key themes. Firstly, having a strong support system was

deemed crucial, as it provided emotional, practical, and financial assistance, helping

young mothers navigate parenthood and achieve a successful transition into adulthood.

Participants emphasized the importance of their family and friends, who acted as a

source of stability, security, and encouragement, offering a safe space for discussion

and support. Emotional support played a significant role, helping teenage mothers build

resilience and cope with the challenges of motherhood. Practical assistance and

guidance, including help with parenting tasks and decision-making, were greatly

appreciated. Additionally, financial support from their support system alleviated the

stress associated with providing for their child. Overall, the findings highlight the power

of family and friends in the lives of teenage mothers, emphasizing their role in
empowering young mothers and promoting positive outcomes for both mother and child.

: (a) The Power of Support System, (b) The Importance of Family and Friend

Family as a Sense of Security and Comfort

Having a strong support system is crucial to navigating life's challenges and

achieving personal success. Family and friends who offer support and guidance can

make a significant impact on one's mental and emotional well-being. When faced with

difficulties, having a reliable support system can provide a sense of security and

comfort, knowing that there are people who are willing to lend a helping hand or a

listening ear. This statement highlights the power of a support system and how it can

positively affect teenage mothers.

" Importante jud kaayo once naay pamilya ug amigo nga gasuporta sa

imoha kay everytime kinahanglan nako ilang tabang naa jud sila mosuporta nako

ug kinahanglan nakog tabang naa sila permi."

It is very important to have family and friends who support you, because

everytime I need their help, they are there to support my needs and when I need

advice, they are always there.

Having supportive family and friends on teenage mothers is very essential as

they offer guidance and comfort to the teenage mothers. The acceptance of the family

makes the teenage mothers comfortable.

Family as Source of Guidance and Advise

 Becoming a mother is a life-changing experience, and for teenage mothers, it

can be a particularly challenging one. The transition to parenthood can be

overwhelming, and without a strong support system, it can feel isolating and daunting.

However, having family and friends who offer support and guidance can make a

significant difference in a teenage mother's life.

" Nakatabang sila pamaagi sa mga pagpahimangno nako

ilabi na sila mama ug papa ug unsaon nako pagpadako akong

anak sa tama(P2)”

They helped me with their advice, especially mom and dad, they
always told me how I should raise my child correctly.

It's wonderful that the teenage mother’s family, especially their mother and father

haves been supportive and has provided valuable advice on raising their child. Their

experience as parents and the wisdom they have gained over the years can offer

valuable insights and practical guidance. They can provide emotional support, draw

upon family and cultural traditions, and offer a different perspective that broadens their

understanding of parenting
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

In conclusion, teenage motherhood is a challenging experience that comes with

numerous difficulties like losing the sense of freedom, the regrets they feel, the

depression they faced. These challenges can have negative consequences for the

mother and the child. However, teenage mothers have devised various coping

mechanisms and strategies to overcome these negative consequences.

Teenage mothers' coping mechanisms include seeking support from their

families and friends and ignoring negative comments, discrimination, and criticism.

Support from family and friends is crucial in helping teenage mothers navigate through

the challenges and responsibilities of parenting successfully.

 Finally, the role of family and friends in supporting teenage mothers is critical.

Families and friends who provide emotional, financial, and practical support to teenage

mothers positively impact the mother and the child. Supportive family and friends create

a nurturing environment for the teenage mother and the child, which is essential to their

development. Teenage mothers who receive support from their families and friends are

more likely to overcome challenges, succeed in parenting, and lead healthy, productive

lives.

Recommendation

As society, we regularly face the challenges that arise with teenage pregnancy.

Young girls who accidentally or intentionally get pregnant often face criticism and

judgment from family and society. However, we also need to recognize the unique

struggles and triumphs that teenage mothers experience. It takes a lot of courage and

emotional strength to navigate the challenges of motherhood while still being a

teenager.

For teenagers who find themselves pregnant, it is important to understand that

this is not the end of the world. While it may seem overwhelming, there are many

resources and support networks available to help them through this journey. It is

essential to surround themselves with people who genuinely care for them and their

baby, whether it is their parents, friends, or professionals.

For parents of teenage mothers, it is crucial to provide a supportive environment.

Instead of focusing on the hardships of having a teenage daughter who is now a

mother, try to celebrate the joys that come with a new baby. Encourage them to
continue with their education, seek out employment opportunities, and prioritize self-

care to reduce the stress of motherhood.

For friends of teenage mothers play an important role in providing social and

emotional support. Even if they are not a parent themselves they can offer to help with

babysitting, running errands, or just being there to listen when needed. Remember,

being a teenage mother can be a lonely and isolating experience, so having non-

judgmental friends can make all the difference.

For teachers needs to play a vital role in supporting teenage mothers within the

educational system. Creating a supportive and inclusive classroom environment where

teenage mothers feel understood and respected can positively impact their academic

performance and overall well-being. Teachers can provide flexible learning options,

offer emotional support, and connect teenage mothers with appropriate resources and

services.

For future researchers should focus on studying the experiences of teenage

mothers to identify effective strategies for support and intervention. Research can help

inform the development of evidence-based programs and policies that address the

specific needs of teenage mothers and their children. Additionally, research can shed

light on the long-term outcomes of teenage motherhood and inform efforts to mitigate

negative effects and promote positive development.

School policies and practices should be designed to accommodate teenage

mothers and ensure their educational success. This may include providing flexible

scheduling options, offering on-site childcare facilities, or implementing programs that

provide academic and emotional support tailored to their needs. By creating a

supportive framework within the school, administrators can help teenage mothers

continue their education while effectively balancing their parenting responsibilities.

School administrator should also establish partnerships with community

organizations and agencies that specialize in providing support to teenage mothers.

These partnerships can help expand the range of resources and services available to

teenage mothers and ensure a comprehensive support system. By connecting teenage

mothers with external support networks, administrators can enhance the level of

assistance and guidance they receive.

In conclusion, teenage motherhood is a challenging but rewarding journey that

requires a village of support. By recognizing the triumphs and challenges of teenage

mothers and offering support and encouragement, we can provide these young women

with the tools they need to thrive as mothers and individuals.