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Chapter 9

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11 views

Chapter 9

Uploaded by

thuy36030
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NONPARAMETRIC

STATISTIC TESTS
Parametric vs. Nonparametric statistic tests

Parametric statistics:
Tests: - Z-tests …
- T-tests …
- ANOVA tests … 
Assumptions: - Data are randomly selected
- Data are normal distribution
- Interval or Ratio level data
- Large sample size (≥ 20)
- ……

Nonparametric statistics:
Tests: - Mann-Whitney U test
- Wilcoxon Signed Rank T test
- Kruskal-Wallis K test
- Friedman test
Assumptions: - Distribution-free
- Nominal or Ordinal data
- ……
20,

20,
Small sample procedure Large sample procedure


Using Mann-Whitney table (http://www.real-statistics.com/statistics-tables/mann-whitney-table/)


Mann-Whitney U test: Examples 1


= rank.avg(…)

Assumption: distribution-free
samples are randomly
Mann-Whitney U test: Examples 1

Small samples size Conclusion ???


Small sample procedure Large sample procedure


Using Wilcoxon Signed Rank table (http://www.real-statistics.com/statistics-tables/wilcoxon-
signed-ranks-table/)


Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test: Examples 1

Test the hypothesis if there is difference in amount of


household spending on healthcare between 2 places:
Pennsylvania and California. The significant level is
0.05.
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test: Examples 1

Assumption: distribution-free
samples are randomly

 2 dependent samples
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test: Examples 1

Small
sample size
Conclusion ???
1-right-tailed test
Conclusion???
The Randomized Block Design

 experimental units is divided into b homogeneous groups of size c


 homogeneous groups are called blocks

 the treatments are then randomly assigned to the experimental units in
each block - one treatment to a unit in each block.

 For randomized block designs, there are:


 one factor is the primary interest
 several other nuisance factors - may affect
the measured result, but not the primary
interest
Example
Suppose we are interested in how weight gain (Y) in rats
is affected by 2 factors:

- Source of protein (Beef, Cereal, and Pork)
- Level of Protein (High or Low)
There are a total of t = 32 = 6 treatment combinations
1. Beef - High Protein
2. Cereal - High Protein
3. Pork - High Protein
4. Beef - Low Protein
5. Cereal - Low Protein
6. Pork - Low Protein
Randomized Block Design
 6 treatment combinations
* need at least 10 rats for each treatment
* same conditions to eliminate environmental factors
Think: 60 rats, in one place, at one time, feeding same time,
cleaning same time, same temperature, same light, same
life schedule, same exercise program…
 Impossible for one person to do it alone
But, if you divide them, they will have different conditions
Then, you have randomized block design
Randomized Block Design
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 Stu.
5 B 6
Stu. A
4 5 6

High protein of pork will positively


affect the weight gain1 in rats
2 3
1 2 3 Stu. D
Stu. C 4 5 6
4 5 6

1 2 3
4 Stu.
5E 6

1. Beef - High Protein 2. Cereal - High Protein


3. Pork - High Protein 4. Beef - Low Protein
5. Cereal - Low Protein 6. Pork - Low Protein
Randomized Block Design
Block Block
1 107 96 112 83 87 90 6 128 89 104 85 84 89
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

2 102 72 100 82 70 94 7 56 70 72 64 62 63
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

3 102 76 102 85 95 86 8 97 91 92 80 72 82
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

4 93 70 93 63 71 63 9 80 63 87 82 81 63
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

5 111 79 101 72 75 81 10 103 102 112 83 93 81


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. Beef - High Protein 2. Cereal - High Protein


3. Pork - High Protein 4. Beef - Low Protein
5. Cereal - Low Protein 6. Pork - Low Protein
1-right-tailed test

Conclusion???
Quiz

Question 1
PBS PBS non-PBS non-PBS
24,500 62,500 41,000 43,500

0.01
 39,400

36,800
61,400

53,000
32,500

33,000
51,900

27,800
Assumption: distribution-free
samples are randomly 44,300 27,000 21,000 21,500

57,960 59,600 40,500 39,500

32,000 48,200 32,400 38,500

61,000 25,040 16,000 15,850

34,000 37,190 21,500 16,700

43,500 18,900 39,500 29,680

55,000 33,500

39,000
Question 2

Test the hypothesis if there is difference in amount of


pollution level between 2 years: 1979 and 2011. The

significant level is 0.05.

18.5
Question 3

College students were assigned to three study methods in an


experiment to determine the effect of study technique on

learning. The three methods are: read only, read and
underline,and read and take notes. The test scores are
recorded. Test to compare the three group.

Test scores
Read only 15 14 16 13 11 14
Read and underline 15 14 25 10 12 14
Read and take notes 18 18 18 16 18 20
Question 4

A researcher examined Pet shop in a city. They


collected numbers of 3 types of animals on display by the

shop: fishes, reptiles, and mammals. The data was presented
with numbers of fishes, reptiles and mammals, respectively.
The researcher hypothesized that stores would tend to
display more fishes than other types of animals, reptiles and
mammals. Test the hypothesis at 0.05 of significant level.

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