Estadı́stica I
Exercises Chapter 5
Academic year 2011/12
1. For the following sample of 25 values:
2.28 2.48 3.96 2.45 2.12 2.59 2.87 3.43 2.06 3.33
3.12 4.36 2.81 2.91 1.83 1.65 3.35 2.78 3.51 2.14
4.92 3.13 4.06 2.82 2.84
(a) Make an histogram.
(b) Make a QQ-plot to compare the distribution of the observed values with a normal distribution.
Consider quantiles 0.1, 0.2, . . . , 0.9.What can you say about the distribution of the data?
2. The lifetime of a specific type of batteries is a random variable following a normal distribution with
mean of 50 hours and standard deviation of 5 hours. The batteries are packed in boxes of 16.
(a) Find the probability that the average lifetime of the batteries in a box is less than 48 hours.
(b) Find the probability that the lifetime of a single battery is between 45 and 50 hours.
3. Sugar bags filled by a given machine have a mean weight of 500 grams with a standard deviation
of 35 grams. The bags are packed in boxes of 100.
(a) Find the probability that the mean weight of the bags of a box would be less than 495 grams.
(b) Find the probability that a box would weight more than 51 Kg.
4. Let X be a random variable with density function
f (x) = 0.5(1 + θx) − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1,
where θ is an unknown parameter. Let X1 , . . . , Xn be a simple random sample of size n of X.
(a) Show that θ̂ = 3X is an unbiased estimator of θ.
(b) For n = 100 find the probability of θ̂ being greater than θ.
5. The grades of an aptitude test follow a normal distribution with standard deviation 28.2. A simple
random sample of 9 students show the following results:
X
n X
n
xi = 1098 x2i = 138148
i=1 i=1
(a) Find a 90% confidence interval for the population mean.
(b) Reason without doing any calculations if the width of a 95% confidence interval will be smaller,
equal or greater than the one obtained with a 90% confidence level.
6. The production manager of a newspaper company based in a large city wishes to determine the
proportion of newspapers that are produced with printing errors such as too much ink, duplicated
pages, incorrect page layout etc. The production manager decides to select a random sample of 100
newspapers and finds 35 of them with some sort of defect. Given that the manager wants to have
90% confidence in estimating the true proportion of newspapers with defects, construct a confidence
interval.
7. We are interested in studying the surface area of the homes of a city. For this we will choose a s.r.s.
of size 100. In terms of the Central Limit Theorem tell which one of the following is true:
a) The surface area of the homes of that city follows a normal distribution.
1
b) The surface area of the homes of the sample follows a normal distribution.
c) Before choosing the sample, the average surface area of the homes to be selected is a r.v. with
an approximate normal distribution.
d) On the sample is chosen, the average surface area of the selected homes is a r.v. with an
approximate normal distribution.
8. Consider the following events:
A = a coin is tossed 10 times and lands heads between 45% and 55% of the times.
B = a coin is tossed 50 times and lands heads between 45% and 55% of the times.
C = a coin is tossed 100 times and lands heads between 45% and 55% of the times.
Which one of the following is true?
a) P (A) > P (B) > P (C).
b) P (A) < P (B) < P (C).
c) The probabilities of the three events are the same.
d) There is no relation between the probabilities of the three events.
9. Consider the following histograms corresponding to the sampling distribution of the average height
of the individuals of a population. This average height has been computed from height’s s.r. sam-
ples of sizes n1 and n2 respectively.
Histogram 1 Histogram 2
4
x 10
12 18
16
10
14
8 12
10
6
8
4 6
4
2
2
0 0
1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.95 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1.9
Which one of the following is true?
a) n1 ≥ n2 .
b) n2 ≥ n1 .
c) The number of s.r. samples used in each histogram is the same.
d) We can not establish any conclusion from the histograms.
