1.
Design services for construction projects
2. Construction services
3. Special services for construction projects
4. Engineering support services
5. Academic services
6. Services as Employee
The type of infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering, pursuant to RA 544, as amended,
include:
1. Stress, bridges, highways and railroads.
2. Airports and hangars
3. Portworks, canals, river and shore improvements, light houses and dry docks
4. Buildings
5. Fixed structure for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works
6. Tunnels
2.1 CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS
These services deal primarily with collecting, interpreting, and reporting information, together with formulating
conclusions and making recommendations. Typical services in this category are:
2.1.1 Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports
These services usually precede the authorization of a capital project and may involve extensive
investigations, analyses of conditions, and comparison of several possible plans. These studies may
include the impact of a project upon the environment, sustainable development, operating costs, life-
cycle costs, financing considerations, and expected revenues as bases for conclusions and
recommendations regarding the advisability of undertaking a project.
2.1.2 Planning Studies
These services may include the broad areas of developing the engineering requirements of master
plans for long-range capital improvement programs; preparation of preliminary engineering of land
development plans, urban plans, and regional plan; and the investigation of environmental conditions
and preparation of environmental impact studies with subsequent engineering planning to improve or
maintain existing conditions. Such planning often requires coordination of the work of many
engineering and other disciplines.
2.1.3 Appraisals, Valuations and Rate Studies
These services may include investigations and analyses of existing conditions; capital and operating
costs; overhead costs and costs of financing; and revenues as needed to evaluate a property or to
recommend establishment of prospective rates.
2.1.4 Assistance in Financial Matters
The Civil Engineer may be engaged by a client who is planning to issue bonds, particularly revenue
bonds, to finance a capital project. The scope of services may include an evaluation of capabilities of
existing or proposed facilities to meet present and projected future needs, statements of probable
constructions costs, and an estimate of annual revenue requirements, with determination of
appropriate rates to provide this income.
2.1.5 Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests
These services include tests of materials and equipment under established codes and standards,
specialized examination of equipment and materials used in construction and industry, and other
inspections and monitoring required by a client.
2.1.6 Direct Personal Services
This includes services such as assistance in preparation for legal proceedings. Appearances before
courts or commissions to render expert opinions and conclusions, and investigations of technical
maters where specialized civil engineering knowledge, experience, and judgment is required.
2.1.7 Research and Development
Research is a specialized investigation and gathering of data from existing resources or through
laboratory works and processes related to the purpose and object of the research. Research and
development may cover the following:
a. Development of new construction materials and methods from concept to commercialization
b. Improvement of construction materials and methods through exhaustive studies to reduce total
construction costs and at the same time improve quality.
2.1.8 Special Services
These services can vary to suit special need of the client and can include such diverse activities as:
• Value engineering
• Appraisal and valuation
• Load testing
• Environmental evaluations
• Traffic engineering
• Forensic engineering for structural and other failures
• Operational assistance
• Materials process design
• Pilots studies
• Computer modeling
• Safety engineering
• Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering
• Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
• Permit and application services
• Sales and marketing services
• Expert witness
• Representation of municipal or private entities in projects proposed for privatization
2.2 DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Civil Engineering services are required for each of six typical phases of a construction project. All
services are preferably furnished by the same Civil Engineer for consistency and efficiency, although at
times services in various phases are furnished by different engineers or by the client. The services are
supplemented by special services which may be provided by the client, a specialized engineer, or
another Civil Engineer.
The sic standard phases of a construction project and the engineering services needed for each are:
• Study and Report Phase-Analysis of the clients needs, conceptual design conceptual opinions of
probable construction cost.
• Preliminary Design Phase- Preparation of final design criteria, preliminary drawings, outline
specifications, and preliminary opinions of probable constructions cost.
• Final Design Phase-Preparation of design calculations, construction drawings, specifications,
estimated construction cost, and other contract documents.
• Building or Negotiating Phase- Assistance to the client with the bidding or negotiating process for
construction of the project.
• Construction Phase-Advice and Consultation on matters related to his service.
• Operation Phase-Assistance to the client in start-up and operation of the project, including
periodic inspections.
2.2.1 Study and Report Phase
This phase involves determination of project scope and economic and technical evaluation of
feasible alternatives. The services performed during this phase may include:
1. Reviewing available data and consulting with the client to clarify and define the client’s
requirements for the project.
2. Advising the client as to the necessity of providing or obtaining from others additional data or
services and assisting the client in obtaining such data and services. These additional services
may include photogrammetry, reconnaissance surveys, property surveys, topographic surveys,
geotechnical investigations and consultations, seismicity studies, compilation of hydrological data,
traffic studies, materials engineering, assembly of zoning, deed and other restrictive land use
information, and environmental assessments and impact statements.
3. Identifying and analyzing requirements of governmental authorities having jurisdiction to approve
the design of the project and participating in consultations with such authorities.
4. Providing analyses of the client needs, planning surveys, comparative evaluations of prospective
sites and solutions.
5. Providing a general economic analysis of the client’s requirements applicable to various
alternatives.
6. Preparing a report and presenting alternative solutions available to the client with the Civil
Engineer’s findings and recommendations. The report may contain schematic layouts, sketches,
conceptual design criteria with appropriate exhibits to indicate clearly
the considerations involved (including applicable requirements of governmental authorities having
jurisdiction) and the Civil Engineers conceptional opinion of probable costs for the project.
