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Lab 2

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12 views6 pages

Lab 2

Uploaded by

bed-che-40-21
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© © All Rights Reserved
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THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

TO: Dr.J.S NDALA

FROM: ENOCK BANDA

REG.NO: BED/CHE/40/21

LAB DEMONSTRATOR: MISS CHARITY MAGOMBO

COURSE TITLE: THEORIES OF ACIDS AND BASES, SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTRY OF
ELEMENTS

COURSE CODE: CHE313

LAB TITLE: DETAMIRNATION OF ALKALINITY OF WATER

DUE DATE: 11th OCTOBER 2024


ABSTRACT

This report examines the alkalinity of water a key indicator of its capacity to neutralize acids
which is essential for maintaining a stable PH in natural water bodies and industrial systems.
Alkalinity is primarily influenced by the presence of bicarbonates, carbonates and
hydroxides .Using titration with standardised acid solution the alkalinity of a given water
sample was measured. The results revealed that the sample had a moderate alkalinity level
indicating the presence of bicarbonates as a dominant buffering agent .Understanding
alkalinity is crucial for water quality management, ensuring the prevention of harmful
fluctuations that can affect quality life and industrial processes
INTRODUCTION

Water alkalinity refers to the water's ability to resist changes in PH when acids are introduced,
acting as a buffer to maintain stable conditions. It is typically contributed by dissolved
bicarbonates (HCO3 -),carbonates (CO3 2-) and to a lesser extent by hydroxides
( OH-)ions .alkalinity is important for maintaining the health of aquatic acosystems as it protects
organisms from rapid PH shifts and is also crucial in water treatment processes. The purpose of
this experiment was to determine the alkalinity of water sample using acid-base titration
method. This will provide insight into sample's buffering capacity which is essential for
managing water ecosystems in both natural and industrial contexts.

...
MATERIALS

1.250 volumetric flasks (2)

2. 10ml pipette(1)

3. 25ml pipette (1)

4 250ml beaker(1)

5 Conical flask(3)

6 Burette with clamp stand

7 Phenolphthalein indicator

8. Bromocresol green or methyl red indicator

9.Dry sodium Carbonate

10. 0.1M sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or Hydrochloric acid(HCL)

11. Water sample

12 .Rubber pipettes bulb


METHODOLOGY

The first part of this experiment was the preparation of Sodium carbonate solution .Under this
part we weighed 0.26g of dry sodium carbonate and transfer it into a 250ml volumetric
flash .the flask was then filled With deionized water up to the mark while mixing the content
thoroughly .The value of the concentration of the prepared solution of sodium carbonate was
computed in the table of results

The next part constituted the titration of sulphuric acid .Under this part a 0.1M normal acid
from a stock solution was diluted to a 250ml flask .and the acid was standardised against a
10.0ml of sodium carbonate using phenolphthalein indicator of about 2-3 drops The procedure
was repeated two more times for the standardisation process in order to get a title that was
concordant

Lastly titration of water sample was conducted . During this experimental portion a 100ml
aliquot sample of water was measured into a conical flask followed by addition of 2-3 drops of
phenolphthalein .we titrated the sample with the standardized acid until the phenolphthalein
end -point was reached. Thereafter we add 2-3 drops of bromocresol green or methyl red
indicator and continued titrating until the endpoint was reached
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 0.1showing the volumes of acid and water used

1standardisation of sulphuric acid

Trial number Volume of acid used in Volume of sodium


milliliters (ml) carbonate(ml)

1stTrial 2 10

2nd Trial 2 10

2Titration of water sample

Trial number Volume of acid used Volume of water


(ml) used(ml)

1stTrial 1 100

2nd Trial 1.5 100

DISCUSSIONS

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