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Urban Models UB Controls

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John Paul De Luna
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41 views14 pages

Urban Models UB Controls

Uploaded by

John Paul De Luna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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URBAN MODELS

Urban Models
Concentric Zone Theory

- the geographer
E.W. Burgess
- includes transition
zone for eventual
CBD expansion
- has some
deficiencies but
simplicity has
stood the test
of time
Urban Models

- the economist Sector Model


Homer Hoyt
- developed under the
premise that other
uses grow with
the CBD
- consistent with the
observation that
most cities grow
in the direction of
the higher income
Urban Models
- by Chauncy Harris &
Edward Pullman Multiple Nuclei Model
(geographers)
- uses do not evolve
around a single core
but at several nodes
and focal points

- recognizes that different activities have varying


accessibility requirements
Urban Models
Urban Realms

- by James Vance
- presents the
emergence of
self-sufficient
sectors
- independent urban
realms brought
by the impact of
the automobile
URBAN DESIGN CONTROLS
Urban Design Controls
Floor Area Ratio
-the proportions between the built area and the lot area

also referred to
as ‘Plot Ratio’

Floor Space Index (FSI)


-established by dividing the area of the total floor-space
of the buildings on any by the site area, including
half the area of any roads adjoining it
Urban Design Controls
Land Use Planning and Zoning
- Defined as the legal regulation of the use of land
- Allocating types of uses based on growth patterns
- An application of the police power for the protection
of the public health, welfare, and safety

Incentive Zoning
- allowing builders and developers more space if they
provide certain desirable features and amenities
such as plazas, arcades, and other open spaces

Cluster Zoning
- Creating special zoning policies and regulations for
medium to large sized controlled developments
Urban Design Controls
Urban Design
Guidelines
- building heights
- setbacks
- building bulk
- Architectural
character
Urban Design Controls

Environmental Impact Statement


- for large projects developers are required to outline
possible effects of the project on the environment.
The outline includes the following:

Description of the project


Description of existing environments (physical, social,
economic, historical, and aesthetic)
Impact on the environment (conditions evaluated)
Adverse environmental effects
Alternatives to proposed action taken
Long range impacts
Irreversible and irretrievable communities of resources
likely to result from implementation of proposed project
Urban Design Controls
Environmental Preservation
- protecting the environment from urban growth by
restricting development in certain areas, especially
in sensitive areas such as wetlands, coastal areas,
and mountain environments
Conservation, Restoration & Adaptive Reuse
- Conservation- a term used interchangeably with
preservation but having the rather more positive
connotation of adaptation of parts of buildings
while retaining the essential spirit of the original
conservation area—an area containing a group of buildings
of special architectural or historical significance, which a
Local Authority may designate.
Urban Design Controls
- Urban Renewal- a general term to describe the
idea of consciously renewing the outworn areas
of towns and cities; covers most aspects of
renewal, including both redevelopment and
rehabilitation
“The process of cleaning slum areas which are
economically & physically beyond repair,
rehabilitation areas where houses & neighborhood
facilities can be restored to come up to health,
safety, & good living standards, & protective
measures in order to prevent enrichment of
undesirable influences”
Urban Design Controls

- Adaptive Reuse- converting old, usually historic


buildings, sections of, or entire districts to new
uses other than their original purpose. In many
U.S. cities adaptive reuse is encouraged by
special tax incentives

- Rehabilitation- term used to describe the idea of


repairing, redecorating and in some cases
converting, existing structurally sound property
to a standard compatible with modern
requirements of amenity and health
Urban Planning Terms
-Invasion- a type of urban ecological process defined
as the entrance of a new population and / or
facilities in an already occupied area

-Block-boosting- “forcing” the old population out of


the area because of social or racial differences

-Centralization- an urban ecological process in city


land use patterning referring to an increase in
population at a certain geographic center

- Gentrification- improving the physical set-up and


consequently affecting the market for previously
run-down areas

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