TCS T4 Spring Boot2
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harsha.p1720TCS T4 Spring Boot2
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harsha.p1720TCS T4 Spring Boot
Spring Boot Basics (10 Questions)
1. What command is used to create a new Spring Boot project from the command line?
o A. spring init
o B. mvn spring-boot:run
o C. gradle spring-boot
o D. spring create
Answer: A. spring init
2. The default embedded server in Spring Boot applications is:
o A. Jetty
o B. Undertow
o C. WebLogic
o D. Tomcat
Answer: D. Tomcat
3. How can you disable the default web environment in a Spring Boot application?
o A. server.disable=true
o B. spring.main.web-application-type=none
o C. spring.server.disable=true
o D. server.stop=true
Answer: B. spring.main.web-application-type=none
4. Which starter would you use for Spring Boot and JPA integration?
o A. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
o B. spring-boot-starter-jpa
o C. spring-boot-data-jpa
o D. spring-boot-starter-sql
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
5. What annotation is used to run unit tests with the full Spring ApplicationContext?
o A. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
o B. @Test
o C. @SpringBootTest
o D. @Autowired
Answer: C. @SpringBootTest
6. Which file is used to customize application configuration in Spring Boot?
o A. application.properties or application.yml
o B. config.properties
o C. bootstrap.properties
o D. settings.xml
Answer: A. application.properties or application.yml
7. How do you specify a different application profile in Spring Boot?
o A. spring.config=dev
o B. spring.profiles.active=dev
o C. server.profile=dev
o D. application.profile=dev
Answer: B. spring.profiles.active=dev
8. To make a Spring Boot application exit with a specific code, which interface should be
implemented?
o A. CommandLineRunner
o B. ExitCodeGenerator
o C. ExitCodeApplication
o D. ExitApplication
Answer: B. ExitCodeGenerator
9. What is the purpose of the @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation?
o A. To automatically configure dependencies and beans based on classpath
o B. To scan for components in a specific package
o C. To start the application server
o D. To configure logging properties
Answer: A. To automatically configure dependencies and beans based on classpath
10. In Spring Boot, which property is used to set the default server port to 8081?
o A. server.port=8081
o B. port=8081
o C. application.port=8081
o D. spring.port=8081
Answer: A. server.port=8081
Spring Data JPA (10 Questions)
11. Which annotation is used to define a primary key in a JPA entity?
o A. @PrimaryKey
o B. @Id
o C. @Key
o D. @GeneratedValue
Answer: B. @Id
12. What is the purpose of the @Query annotation in Spring Data JPA?
o A. To define custom SQL or JPQL queries
o B. To establish foreign key relationships
o C. To specify primary keys
o D. To create views in the database
Answer: A. To define custom SQL or JPQL queries
11. Which file is typically used to configure application-level properties in Spring Boot?
o A. application.yml
o B. application.conf
o C. config.xml
o D. settings.json
Answer: A. application.yml
12. What is the purpose of the @ComponentScan annotation in a Spring Boot application?
o A. To enable component scanning for Spring-managed beans
o B. To exclude certain components from being loaded
o C. To register components manually
o D. To specify the main entry point of the application
Answer: A. To enable component scanning for Spring-managed beans
13. How can a Spring Boot application be packaged as an executable JAR file?
o A. Use mvn compile
o B. Configure spring-boot-maven-plugin and run mvn package
o C. Use gradle bootJar
o D. Both B and C
Answer: D. Both B and C
14. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using Spring Boot?
o A. Reduced boilerplate code
o B. Simplified dependency management
o C. Automatic JSON handling
o D. Embedded servers are not supported
Answer: D. Embedded servers are not supported
15. In a Spring Boot application, where are custom configurations for development and production
environments typically defined?
o A. application.properties
o B. application-dev.properties and application-prod.properties
o C. application-custom.xml
o D. application-db.yml
Answer: B. application-dev.properties and application-prod.properties
16. Which annotation in Spring Boot is used to mark a method as one that should execute once at
application startup?
o A. @PostConstruct
o B. @RunOnStartup
o C. @ApplicationStartup
o D. @EnableStartup
Answer: A. @PostConstruct
17. Which of the following commands is used to run a Spring Boot application using Maven?
o A. mvn spring:start
o B. mvn spring-boot:run
o C. mvn run:app
o D. mvn spring:bootRun
Answer: B. mvn spring-boot:run
18. Which annotation is used to inject values from application.properties or application.yml files in
Spring Boot?
o A. @ConfigValue
o B. @Value
o C. @Inject
o D. @InjectValue
Answer: B. @Value
19. How does Spring Boot support configuration properties inheritance in YAML files?
o A. Through the extends property
o B. By using profiles and inheritance within profiles
o C. By creating different yaml files for each class
o D. By using the inherits keyword
Answer: B. By using profiles and inheritance within profiles
20. Which annotation in Spring Boot applications denotes a command-line runner that executes upon
application startup?
o A. @ApplicationRunner
o B. @CommandLineRunner
o C. @StartupRunner
o D. @Runner
Answer: B. @CommandLineRunner
RESTful Services - 10 Questions
21. Which annotation would you use to define a path variable in Spring Boot?
o A. @RequestParam
o B. @RequestPath
o C. @PathVariable
o D. @Variable
Answer: C. @PathVariable
22. How do you define a response status in a Spring Boot REST controller method?
o A. @Status
o B. @ResponseCode
o C. @HttpStatus
o D. @ResponseStatus
Answer: D. @ResponseStatus
23. Which HTTP status code is usually returned when no content is available to send for a request?
o A. 200 OK
o B. 201 Created
o C. 404 Not Found
o D. 204 No Content
Answer: D. 204 No Content
24. What is the purpose of the @RequestBody annotation in Spring Boot?
o A. To pass a request parameter
o B. To map the request body to a Java object
o C. To map the response to a JSON object
o D. To specify HTTP headers
Answer: B. To map the request body to a Java object
25. Which method is used to update a resource partially in a REST API?
o A. GET
o B. POST
o C. PUT
o D. PATCH
Answer: D. PATCH
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Microservices - 10 Questions
31. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Eureka in a microservices architecture?
o A. Service registration and discovery
o B. Centralized configuration management
o C. Rate limiting
o D. Inter-service authentication
Answer: A. Service registration and discovery
32. In Spring Boot microservices, what is the main role of an API Gateway?
o A. To serve static content
o B. To route and load balance requests
o C. To provide caching
o D. To handle database connections
Answer: B. To route and load balance requests
33. Which pattern in microservices helps prevent cascading failures by providing a fallback method?
o A. Retry
o B. Circuit Breaker
o C. API Gateway
o D. Load Balancer
Answer: B. Circuit Breaker
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Testing in Spring Boot - 10 Questions
41. Which of the following annotations is used to initialize a Spring Boot test with the full context?
o A. @TestContext
o B. @SpringBootTest
o C. @ContextTest
o D. @ServiceTest
Answer: B. @SpringBootTest
42. What is the purpose of @MockBean in Spring Boot testing?
o A. To mock database connections
o B. To replace beans in the application context with mocks
o C. To initialize real beans
o D. To mock web requests
Answer: B. To replace beans in the application context with mocks
43. In Spring Boot testing, which class is typically used to test controllers by simulating HTTP requests?
o A. TestHttpClient
o B. MockMvc
o C. HttpSimulator
o D. HttpRequestTest
Answer: B. MockMvc
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Database Interactions (Spring Data JPA) - 10 Questions
51. What is the purpose of @Repository in Spring Data JPA?
o A. To define a REST endpoint
o B. To provide a mechanism for CRUD operations on a data source
o C. To store controllers
o D. To define entity classes
Answer: B. To provide a mechanism for CRUD operations on a data source
52. How does Spring Data JPA automatically implement common database operations like findAll and
save?
o A. Through @Query annotations
o B. By dynamically implementing repository interfaces
o C. By using XML configuration
o D. Through a configuration file
Answer: B. By dynamically implementing repository interfaces
Spring Boot Advanced Concepts (10 Questions)
1. How can you expose actuator endpoints in a Spring Boot application?
o A. By setting management.endpoints.web.exposure.include in application.properties
o B. By adding @ActuatorExpose
o C. By enabling expose: true in YAML
o D. Actuator endpoints are exposed by default
Answer: A. By setting management.endpoints.web.exposure.include in application.properties
2. In Spring Boot, how do you customize the default error page?
o A. Implement ErrorPageConfigurer
o B. Create a custom ErrorController class
o C. Add a custom error page in application.yml
o D. Set the error page path in application.properties
Answer: B. Create a custom ErrorController class
3. What annotation is used in Spring Boot to enable asynchronous processing?
o A. @EnableAsync
o B. @Async
o C. @EnableAsynchronous
o D. @AsyncProcessing
Answer: A. @EnableAsync
4. What is Spring Boot DevTools primarily used for?
o A. Production performance monitoring
o B. Remote debugging
o C. Development-time features like automatic restarts and live reload
o D. Testing data integrity
Answer: C. Development-time features like automatic restarts and live reload
5. What is the default port for Spring Boot Actuator endpoints?
o A. 8081
o B. 9090
o C. 8000
o D. 8080 (same as main server)
Answer: D. 8080 (same as main server)
6. In Spring Boot, which starter dependency is added to include logging with SLF4J and Logback?
o A. spring-boot-starter-logging
o B. spring-boot-starter-logback
o C. spring-boot-starter-slf4j
o D. spring-boot-logger
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-logging
7. To automatically restart a Spring Boot application on file changes, which module should you
include?
o A. spring-boot-starter-devtools
o B. spring-boot-starter-reload
o C. spring-boot-restart
o D. spring-boot-filewatcher
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-devtools
8. How can you enable SSL for a Spring Boot application?
o A. ssl.enable=true in application.properties
o B. server.ssl.enabled=true and configuring keystore properties
o C. @EnableSSL on the main class
o D. By enabling https in Spring Boot
Answer: B. server.ssl.enabled=true and configuring keystore properties
9. Which annotation is used to create a custom Spring Boot configuration class?
o A. @Configurable
o B. @Configuration
o C. @Config
o D. @SpringBootConfig
Answer: B. @Configuration
10. How does Spring Boot manage dependency injection by default?
o A. XML configuration
o B. Automatic injection by scanning components with @Component
o C. JNDI lookup
o D. Directly referencing dependencies in application code
Answer: B. Automatic injection by scanning components with @Component
Microservices Advanced Concepts (10 Questions)
11. What does Spring Cloud Zuul provide in a microservices architecture?
o A. Distributed logging
o B. API Gateway
o C. Service registry
o D. Security features
Answer: B. API Gateway
12. Which Spring Cloud component is used for centralized configuration management in microservices?
o A. Eureka
o B. Ribbon
o C. Config Server
o D. Circuit Breaker
Answer: C. Config Server
13. What pattern helps microservices tolerate network issues by retrying failed requests?
o A. Rate limiting
o B. Circuit Breaker
o C. Bulkhead
o D. Retry pattern
Answer: D. Retry pattern
14. What is the main purpose of Hystrix in Spring Cloud?
o A. Service registration and discovery
o B. Load balancing
o C. Circuit breaker and fault tolerance
o D. Distributed transactions
Answer: C. Circuit breaker and fault tolerance
15. Which property enables client-side load balancing with Spring Cloud Ribbon?
o A. ribbon.loadBalancer.enabled=true
o B. ribbon.client.enabled=true
o C. client.loadbalancer.active=true
o D. load.balancer.enabled=true
Answer: A. ribbon.loadBalancer.enabled=true
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Security (10 Questions)
21. Which Spring Security annotation enables method-level security?
o A. @Secure
o B. @EnableMethodSecurity
o C. @EnableSecurity
o D. @Secured
Answer: B. @EnableMethodSecurity
22. What is the purpose of the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security?
o A. To define method-level access control
o B. To restrict access to HTTP endpoints
o C. To configure user roles
o D. To handle login and logout
Answer: A. To define method-level access control
23. Which component in Spring Security is responsible for handling login attempts?
o A. UserDetailsService
o B. AuthenticationProvider
o C. LoginFilter
o D. AuthenticationManager
Answer: D. AuthenticationManager
24. In Spring Security, which class is used to customize user authentication?
o A. UserAuthService
o B. CustomUserDetailsService
o C. CustomAuthenticationManager
o D. AuthenticationService
Answer: B. CustomUserDetailsService
25. What is the purpose of the BCryptPasswordEncoder in Spring Security?
o A. To decode passwords
o B. To encrypt passwords using the SHA algorithm
o C. To hash passwords with bcrypt
o D. To manage password storage
Answer: C. To hash passwords with bcrypt
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Testing in Spring Boot (10 Questions)
31. Which annotation is used in Spring Boot to mock beans within the application context?
o A. @Mock
o B. @AutowiredMock
o C. @MockBean
o D. @MockedComponent
Answer: C. @MockBean
32. Which Spring Boot test utility is specifically used to test HTTP endpoints?
o A. WebClientTest
o B. MockHttpServletRequest
o C. MockHttpTest
o D. MockMvc
Answer: D. MockMvc
33. What does the @DataJpaTest annotation configure for tests?
o A. Full application context with embedded server
o B. In-memory database and JPA components for testing
o C. Testing of JPA repositories without requiring a database connection
o D. Testing of REST endpoints only
Answer: B. In-memory database and JPA components for testing
34. Which method in MockMvc is used to simulate HTTP GET requests?
o A. getRequest()
o B. performGet()
o C. sendGet()
o D. perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get())
Answer: D. perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get())
35. What annotation enables the creation of a temporary database during tests?
o A. @TemporaryDatabase
o B. @H2Database
o C. @AutoConfigureTestDatabase
o D. @AutoDatabase
Answer: C. @AutoConfigureTestDatabase
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Spring Data JPA Advanced (10 Questions)
41. What does the @Modifying annotation indicate in Spring Data JPA?
o A. A method updates or deletes records
o B. A method reads only records
o C. A method is paginated
o D. A method is transactional
Answer: A. A method updates or deletes records
42. How do you perform pagination in Spring Data JPA?
o A. Use PageRequest in query methods
o B. Use Pagination interface
o C. Add LIMIT in SQL
o D. Set paging property in application.yml
Answer: A. Use PageRequest in query methods
43. Which annotation specifies a native SQL query in Spring Data JPA?
o A. @SQL
o B. @NativeQuery
o C. @NativeQuerySQL
o D. @Query
Answer: D. @Query
1. Which annotation is used to specify the main configuration class in a Spring Boot application?
o A. @SpringBootApp
o B. @SpringApplication
o C. @SpringBootConfiguration
o D. @SpringBootApplication
Answer: D. @SpringBootApplication
2. What does the @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation do in a Spring Boot application?
o A. Disables auto-configuration
o B. Automatically scans the classpath for components
o C. Enables Spring Boot’s auto-configuration based on the classpath
o D. Only enables security configuration
Answer: C. Enables Spring Boot’s auto-configuration based on the classpath
3. What is the purpose of the @ConfigurationProperties annotation in Spring Boot?
o A. To bind external configuration properties to Java classes
o B. To initialize beans in the application
o C. To configure security settings
o D. To start the application context
Answer: A. To bind external configuration properties to Java classes
4. Which annotation enables component scanning in Spring Boot?
o A. @ComponentScan
o B. @ScanComponents
o C. @EnableComponents
o D. @Component
Answer: A. @ComponentScan
5. In Spring Boot, which property is used to set the default server port in application.properties?
o A. spring.port
o B. server.port
o C. spring.boot.port
o D. server.defaultPort
Answer: B. server.port
6. Which annotation is used to indicate a repository in Spring Boot?
o A. @DAO
o B. @Repository
o C. @Service
o D. @DataRepository
Answer: B. @Repository
7. How can you run a Spring Boot application on a custom profile?
o A. spring-boot:run -Dspring.profiles.active=customProfile
o B. java -jar app.jar --spring.profiles.active=customProfile
o C. run spring -profile=customProfile
o D. boot.run --profile=customProfile
Answer: B. java -jar app.jar --spring.profiles.active=customProfile
8. Which annotation is used to handle exceptions at the controller level in Spring Boot?
o A. @HandleException
o B. @ControllerAdvice
o C. @ExceptionController
o D. @ExceptionHandler
Answer: D. @ExceptionHandler
9. How do you exclude a class from being considered in component scanning?
o A. @ExcludeComponent
o B. @ComponentIgnore
o C. @ComponentScan(excludeFilters)
o D. @ExcludeFilter
Answer: C. @ComponentScan(excludeFilters)
10. Which annotation enables scheduling tasks in Spring Boot?
o A. @Schedule
o B. @EnableScheduling
o C. @Scheduled
o D. @TaskScheduler
Answer: B. @EnableScheduling
Microservices and Spring Cloud (10 Questions)
11. What is the role of Eureka Server in a microservices architecture?
o A. Database management
o B. Load balancing
o C. Service registry
o D. Security management
Answer: C. Service registry
12. Which property is used to specify the Eureka server URL in the client configuration?
o A. eureka.server.url
o B. eureka.instance.url
o C. eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone
o D. eureka.client.service.defaultZone
Answer: C. eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone
13. Which Spring Cloud component provides client-side load balancing?
o A. Feign
o B. Ribbon
o C. Config Server
o D. Zuul
Answer: B. Ribbon
14. What is the main purpose of Spring Cloud Config Server?
o A. Service registration
o B. Load balancing
o C. Centralized external configuration management
o D. API Gateway
Answer: C. Centralized external configuration management
15. How can you enable the circuit breaker in Spring Cloud?
o A. @EnableCircuitBreaker
o B. @CircuitBreaker
o C. @EnableHystrix
o D. @EnableResilience
Answer: A. @EnableCircuitBreaker
16. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Feign?
o A. Load balancing
o B. Service discovery
o C. HTTP client for service-to-service calls
o D. Distributed logging
Answer: C. HTTP client for service-to-service calls
17. Which annotation is used to mark a Spring Cloud Feign client?
o A. @Feign
o B. @FeignClient
o C. @FeignService
o D. @FeignController
Answer: B. @FeignClient
18. In a Spring Cloud Config Server, which configuration repository can you use?
o A. Git repository
o B. Local file system
o C. SVN repository
o D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
19. Which component in Spring Cloud provides distributed tracing?
o A. Zipkin
o B. Eureka
o C. Hystrix
o D. Config Server
Answer: A. Zipkin
20. Which library provides service discovery for Spring Cloud applications?
o A. Hystrix
o B. Ribbon
o C. Eureka
o D. Zuul
Answer: C. Eureka
Spring Data JPA (10 Questions)
21. What is the purpose of the @Id annotation in a Spring Data JPA entity?
o A. To mark a field as ignored
o B. To mark a field as a primary key
o C. To mark a field for validation
o D. To mark a field as a foreign key
Answer: B. To mark a field as a primary key
22. How can you enable caching in Spring Data JPA?
o A. @EnableCache
o B. @EnableCaching
o C. @Cache
o D. @Cacheable
Answer: B. @EnableCaching
23. Which annotation is used to specify a custom query in Spring Data JPA?
o A. @SQL
o B. @JpaQuery
o C. @CustomQuery
o D. @Query
Answer: D. @Query
24. What does the @OneToMany annotation specify in Spring Data JPA?
o A. One-to-one relationship
o B. One-to-many relationship
o C. Many-to-many relationship
o D. Many-to-one relationship
Answer: B. One-to-many relationship
25. How can you define a primary key strategy in Spring Data JPA?
o A. @PrimaryKey
o B. @GeneratedValue(strategy=…)
o C. @PrimaryKeyGenerated
o D. @KeyStrategy
Answer: B. @GeneratedValue(strategy=…)
26. Which of the following is NOT a valid cascade type in JPA?
o A. MERGE
o B. UPDATE
o C. PERSIST
o D. DETACH
Answer: B. UPDATE
27. In JPA, what is the purpose of the @Embeddable annotation?
o A. To mark a class as having a composite primary key
o B. To allow a class to be embedded within another entity
o C. To mark a class as an embedded database
o D. To enable caching of entities
Answer: B. To allow a class to be embedded within another entity
28. What type of relationship is represented by @ManyToOne?
o A. Many-to-many
o B. Many-to-one
o C. One-to-one
o D. One-to-many
Answer: B. Many-to-one
29. Which annotation is used to specify the name of a database table in an entity class?
o A. @TableName
o B. @EntityTable
o C. @Table
o D. @DatabaseTable
Answer: C. @Table
30. In JPA, which annotation is used to define a unique constraint?
o A. @Unique
o B. @UniqueConstraint
o C. @Column(unique=true)
o D. @Table(uniqueConstraints=…)
Answer: D. @Table(uniqueConstraints=…)
1. In Spring Boot, which of these configurations is typically used for unit tests?
o A. @RunWith
o B. @TestConfiguration
o C. @MockBean
o D. @TestProperty
Answer: B. @TestConfiguration
2. What is the primary purpose of @SpringBootTest?
o A. To run integration tests with a real server
o B. To enable in-memory databases
o C. To configure data source beans only
o D. To mock service beans
Answer: A. To run integration tests with a real server
3. How does Spring Boot manage logging by default?
o A. Logback
o B. Log4j
o C. JUL
o D. SLF4J
Answer: A. Logback
4. What is the function of the @Retryable annotation in Spring Cloud?
o A. Retries failed requests automatically
o B. Caches data for repeated requests
o C. Enables load balancing
o D. Enables monitoring
Answer: A. Retries failed requests automatically
5. Which HTTP status code generally represents a “Conflict” error?
o A. 400
o B. 401
o C. 409
o D. 500
Answer: C. 409
6. Which annotation is used to specify a controller advice for handling exceptions globally?
o A. @GlobalExceptionHandler
o B. @ControllerAdvice
o C. @RestControllerAdvice
o D. @ExceptionHandler
Answer: B. @ControllerAdvice
7. What is the default thread pool size for asynchronous tasks in Spring Boot?
o A. 4
o B. 5
o C. 8
o D. 10
Answer: D. 10
8. Which property is used to enable async support in Spring Boot?
o A. spring.async.enabled
o B. spring.task.execution.pool.enabled
o C. task.async.enable
o D. @EnableAsync
Answer: D. @EnableAsync
9. In Spring Boot, which annotation do you use for scheduling a method to run periodically?
o A. @Scheduled
o B. @Cron
o C. @EnableScheduling
o D. @EnableTaskScheduler
Answer: A. @Scheduled
10. Which property controls the logging level in Spring Boot?
o A. logging.level
o B. log.level
o C. logger.level
o D. logging.debug.level
Answer: A. logging.level
Spring Data JPA and Hibernate (10 Questions)
11. What is the default fetch type for @OneToMany relationships in JPA?
o A. EAGER
o B. LAZY
o C. IMMEDIATE
o D. DYNAMIC
Answer: B. LAZY
12. What is the function of @GeneratedValue with strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY?
o A. Uses database table for ID generation
o B. Relies on database identity column for primary key
o C. Uses UUID for ID generation
o D. Generates custom ID
Answer: B. Relies on database identity column for primary key
13. Which annotation allows combining multiple filter conditions in JPA?
o A. @Filter
o B. @FilterChain
o C. @FilterDef
o D. @Filters
Answer: D. @Filters
14. In Spring Data JPA, what method can you use to save a list of entities?
o A. saveBatch
o B. saveAll
o C. insertList
o D. persistAll
Answer: B. saveAll
15. What is the function of @Modifying in JPA?
o A. Marks a query as modifiable
o B. Executes a write operation
o C. Allows batch updates
o D. Allows for nested transactions
Answer: B. Executes a write operation
16. What does @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED) specify in JPA?
o A. Single table inheritance
o B. Joined table inheritance
o C. Table per class inheritance
o D. Table union inheritance
Answer: B. Joined table inheritance
17. In a JPA repository, which method retrieves the first entity matching a condition?
o A. findOne
o B. findTopBy
o C. findFirstBy
o D. findUniqueBy
Answer: C. findFirstBy
18. Which annotation in JPA represents a composite key class?
o A. @CompositeKey
o B. @EmbeddedId
o C. @PrimaryKeyClass
o D. @MultiKey
Answer: B. @EmbeddedId
19. Which property enables show SQL in application.properties?
o A. spring.sql.show
o B. spring.jpa.show-sql
o C. spring.jpa.sql-enabled
o D. sql.display
Answer: B. spring.jpa.show-sql
20. In Spring Data JPA, what method deletes all records of a particular entity?
o A. deleteAll
o B. removeAll
o C. deleteRecords
o D. removeEntities
Answer: A. deleteAll
Spring Security (10 Questions)
21. Which filter is applied first in the Spring Security filter chain by default?
o A. AuthenticationFilter
o B. UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
o C. SecurityContextPersistenceFilter
o D. LogoutFilter
Answer: C. SecurityContextPersistenceFilter
22. How can you specify which endpoints to secure in Spring Security?
o A. @ControllerSecurity
o B. @SecurityEnabled
o C. HttpSecurity
o D. EndpointSecurity
Answer: C. HttpSecurity
23. Which annotation is used to disable security for specific methods in Spring?
o A. @AllowAll
o B. @Unsecured
o C. @PermitAll
o D. @AllowUnsecured
Answer: C. @PermitAll
24. Which annotation enables method-level security?
o A. @EnableWebSecurity
o B. @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity
o C. @EnableSecurity
o D. @SecurityConfig
Answer: B. @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity
25. Which annotation is used to secure a method with roles?
o A. @AllowRoles
o B. @Secured
o C. @RoleAllowed
o D. @PermitRoles
Answer: B. @Secured
26. In Spring Security, which method sets user roles?
o A. setAuthorities
o B. grantRoles
o C. setRoles
o D. authorizeRoles
Answer: A. setAuthorities
27. Which annotation is used to secure REST APIs using Spring Security?
o A. @SecuredREST
o B. @RestSecure
o C. @RestController
o D. @PreAuthorize
Answer: D. @PreAuthorize
28. How do you set a custom login page in Spring Security?
o A. http.setCustomLogin
o B. http.formLogin().loginPage()
o C. http.loginCustom()
o D. http.customLoginPage()
Answer: B. http.formLogin().loginPage()
29. Which of the following is not a valid HttpMethod in Spring Security?
o A. GET
o B. PATCH
o C. TRACE
o D. CONNECT
Answer: D. CONNECT
30. What is the purpose of @WithMockUser in testing?
o A. To mock a user session
o B. To set default user credentials for tests
o C. To simulate multiple user sessions
o D. To add roles to a test user
Answer: B. To set default user credentials for tests
Spring Boot Testing (10 Questions)
31. What does @WebMvcTest test in Spring Boot?
o A. Full application context
o B. Only MVC components
o C. Database layer
o D. Security configurations
Answer: B. Only MVC components
32. Which annotation is used for parameterized tests in Spring Boot?
o A. @TestParams
o B. @ParameterizedTest
o C. @TestParameterized
o D. @ParamsTest
Answer: B. @ParameterizedTest
33. Which tool is commonly used for Spring Boot integration testing?
o A. JUnit
o B. Mockito
o C. RestAssured
o D. DBUnit
Answer: C. RestAssured
Dependency Injection (50 Questions)
1. What is Dependency Injection in Spring?
o A. Process of creating beans
o B. Process of providing the dependent objects of a class
o C. Process of calling methods automatically
o D. Process of managing memory
Answer: B. Process of providing the dependent objects of a class
2. Which of the following is a type of Dependency Injection in Spring?
o A. Constructor Injection
o B. Method Injection
o C. Field Injection
o D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
3. Which annotation is used to inject a bean in a Spring class using constructor-based dependency
injection?
o A. @Inject
o B. @Autowired
o C. @ConstructorInject
o D. @Autowired(required=false)
Answer: B. @Autowired
4. Which of the following is used for defining a bean in Spring?
o A. @Bean
o B. @Component
o C. @Service
o D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
5. In Spring, what happens if there is more than one bean of the same type and you use @Autowired?
o A. It will throw an exception
o B. It will inject the first bean found
o C. It will prompt the user to select a bean
o D. It will inject the bean with the highest priority
Answer: A. It will throw an exception
6. Which annotation is used for marking a class as a Spring bean?
o A. @Entity
o B. @Controller
o C. @Component
o D. @Service
Answer: C. @Component
7. What is the scope of a Spring bean by default?
o A. Singleton
o B. Prototype
o C. Request
o D. Session
Answer: A. Singleton
8. Which of the following is used to inject a bean into a field?
o A. @Autowired
o B. @Bean
o C. @Component
o D. @Inject
Answer: A. @Autowired
9. What is the advantage of Dependency Injection?
o A. It reduces the coupling between objects
o B. It allows multiple objects to be instantiated
o C. It eliminates the need for object creation
o D. It reduces memory consumption
Answer: A. It reduces the coupling between objects
10. Which annotation is used to specify a bean with multiple constructors?
o A. @Autowired
o B. @Primary
o C. @Qualifier
o D. @Bean
Answer: C. @Qualifier
Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs (50 Questions)
11. Which annotation is used to schedule a method in Spring?
o A. @TaskScheduler
o B. @Scheduled
o C. @EnableScheduling
o D. @Cron
Answer: B. @Scheduled
12. How can you specify the cron expression for scheduling tasks in Spring?
o A. @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 12 * * ?")
o B. @Scheduled(cronExpression = "0 0 12 * * ?")
o C. @Scheduled(cronTime = "0 0 12 * * ?")
o D. @Scheduled(cron="*/10 * * * * ?")
Answer: A. @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 12 * * ?")
13. Which of the following annotations enables task scheduling in Spring Boot?
o A. @Scheduled
o B. @EnableScheduling
o C. @EnableTaskScheduling
o D. @EnableCron
Answer: B. @EnableScheduling
14. What is the default fixed rate for scheduling tasks in Spring Boot?
o A. 1 second
o B. 5 seconds
o C. 10 seconds
o D. 60 seconds
Answer: A. 1 second
15. What is the purpose of @EnableScheduling annotation in Spring Boot?
o A. To schedule tasks at fixed intervals
o B. To enable scheduling in the Spring application
o C. To enable task execution on specified intervals
o D. To manage thread pools for scheduled tasks
Answer: B. To enable scheduling in the Spring application
16. What is the cron expression used to run a task every day at 2 AM?
o A. 0 2 * * *
o B. 0 2 1 * * ?
o C. 0 0 2 * * ?
o D. 0 0 1 2 * ?
Answer: C. 0 0 2 * * ?
17. Which of the following is a valid cron expression?
o A. */5 * * * *
o B. 5 5 5 5 5
o C. */2 * * *
o D. * * * * * *
Answer: A. */5 * * * *
18. Which of the following is true about the @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 1000) annotation?
o A. The task runs every 1 second regardless of the completion time of the previous task
o B. The task runs 1 second after the completion of the previous task
o C. The task runs every 1 second but does not wait for the previous task to finish
o D. The task runs every 1 second and blocks the next execution
Answer: B. The task runs 1 second after the completion of the previous task
19. What is the role of @TaskExecutor in Spring?
o A. It defines the task scheduling configurations
o B. It executes tasks concurrently
o C. It defines cron expression
o D. It specifies when to execute scheduled tasks
Answer: B. It executes tasks concurrently
20. Which of the following is a valid cron expression format in Spring?
o A. seconds minutes hours day-of-month month day-of-week
o B. minutes seconds hours day-of-week month day-of-month
o C. hour minute second month day-of-week
o D. minute second hour day-of-week month
Answer: A. seconds minutes hours day-of-month month day-of-week
Authorization and Authentication (50 Questions)
21. Which of the following is used to configure Spring Security for form-based login?
o A. http.formLogin().loginPage("/login")
o B. http.authenticationForm().loginPage("/login")
o C. http.enableLogin().loginPage("/login")
o D. http.formLogin().loginUrl("/login")
Answer: A. http.formLogin().loginPage("/login")
22. Which of the following is the correct order for Spring Security filters?
o A. SecurityContextPersistenceFilter -> UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter ->
ExceptionTranslationFilter
o B. SecurityContextPersistenceFilter -> ExceptionTranslationFilter ->
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
o C. ExceptionTranslationFilter -> SecurityContextPersistenceFilter ->
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
o D. UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter -> SecurityContextPersistenceFilter ->
ExceptionTranslationFilter
Answer: A. SecurityContextPersistenceFilter -> UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter ->
ExceptionTranslationFilter
23. What does the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security do?
o A. Grants access based on method return value
o B. Defines roles required to access a method
o C. Enables logging for all security events
o D. Secures HTTP requests at runtime
Answer: B. Defines roles required to access a method
24. Which annotation is used for role-based method security in Spring?
o A. @RolesAllowed
o B. @Secured
o C. @PreAuthorize
o D. @AllowRoles
Answer: B. @Secured
25. In Spring Security, what is the default role prefix?
o A. ROLE_
o B. USER_
o C. ADMIN_
o D. SECURITY_
Answer: A. ROLE_
26. What is the primary purpose of SecurityContextHolder in Spring Security?
o A. To hold session data
o B. To store authentication data
o C. To store user roles
o D. To store encryption keys
Answer: B. To store authentication data
27. Which of the following is true about OAuth2 authentication?
o A. OAuth2 only supports username-password authentication
o B. OAuth2 is used for authorizing third-party applications
o C. OAuth2 does not require any client credentials
o D. OAuth2 is used for session management in Spring Security
Answer: B. OAuth2 is used for authorizing third-party applications
28. Which of the following is used for JWT (JSON Web Token) authentication in Spring Security?
o A. JwtAuthenticationFilter
o B. JWTAuthorizationFilter
o C. OAuth2AuthenticationFilter
o D. JwtTokenProvider
Answer: A. JwtAuthenticationFilter
29. Which annotation is used for securing HTTP requests in Spring Security?
o A. @Secured
o B. @PreAuthorize
o C. @EnableWebSecurity
o D. @SecurityConfig
Answer: C. @EnableWebSecurity
30. Which of the following is true about @Secured annotation in Spring Security?
o A. It specifies the user roles required to access a method
o B. It authenticates the user before method execution
o C. It is used to configure the login form
o D. It is used to configure basic authentication
Answer: A. It specifies the user roles required to access a method
Spring Events and Event Listeners (50 Questions)
31. Which annotation is used to mark a method as an event listener in Spring?
o A. @EventHandler
o B. @Subscribe
o C. @EventListener
o D. @Listener
Answer: C. @EventListener
32. What is the purpose of ApplicationEventPublisher in Spring?
o A. To listen to events
o B. To publish events to listeners
o C. To manage events within the application context
o D. To configure event-driven architecture
Answer: B. To publish events to listeners
33. Which of the following is used to publish an event in Spring?
o A. event.publish()
o B. applicationContext.publishEvent()
o C. applicationContext.getEventPublisher()
o D. applicationEventListener.publish()
Answer: B. applicationContext.publishEvent()
34. What is the default event type for Spring's application events?
o A. ApplicationStartedEvent
o B. ApplicationContextEvent
o C. ContextRefreshedEvent
o D. ApplicationEvent
Answer: D. ApplicationEvent
35. How do you specify the type of event to listen for in a Spring event listener?
o A. By providing the event class as a parameter to the @EventListener method
o B. By annotating the listener class with the event type
o C. By configuring the event type in application.properties
o D. By extending ApplicationListener
Answer: A. By providing the event class as a parameter to the @EventListener method
Dependency Injection
1. What is the core principle of Dependency Injection?
o A. Tight coupling
o B. Loose coupling
o C. Inversion of Control
o D. Dependency inversion
o Answer: C
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of dependency injection?
o A. Constructor injection
o B. Setter injection
o C. Field injection
o D. Method injection
o Answer: D
3. What is the role of the @Autowired annotation in Spring?
o A. Marks a method as a bean factory method
o B. Marks a field or method parameter for automatic dependency injection
o C. Marks a class as a configuration class
o D. Marks a method as an interceptor
o Answer: B
Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs
4. What is the primary purpose of the @Scheduled annotation?
o A. To mark a method as a transaction
o B. To mark a method as an aspect
o C. To mark a method to be executed periodically
o D. To mark a method as a controller
o Answer: C
5. What is the correct cron expression to run a task every Monday at 9 AM?
o A. 0 0 9 * * MON
o B. 0 9 * * MON
o C. 9 0 * * MON
o D. MON 9 0 * *
o Answer: A
Authorization and Authentication
6. What is the primary difference between authentication and authorization?
o A. Authentication verifies user identity, authorization grants permissions.
o B. Authentication grants permissions, authorization verifies user identity.
o C. Both are the same.
o D. Neither is related to security.
o Answer: A
7. Which Spring Security annotation is used to protect a controller method?
o A. @Secured
o B. @PreAuthorize
o C. @PostAuthorize
o D. All of the above
o Answer: D
Spring Events and Event Listeners
8. What is the purpose of the @EventListener annotation?
o A. To mark a method as a controller
o B. To mark a method as a transaction
o C. To mark a method as an event listener
o D. To mark a method as a scheduled task
o Answer: C
9. How are Spring events typically propagated?
o A. Using a message queue
o B. Using a publish-subscribe mechanism
o C. Using a direct method invocation
o D. Using a remote procedure call
o Answer: B
Spring Messaging
10. What is the primary purpose of Spring Integration?
o A. To provide a framework for building enterprise integration solutions
o B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
o C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
o D. To provide a framework for building microservices
o Answer: A
11. Which of the following is NOT a core concept in Spring Integration?
o A. Message Channel
o B. Message Transformer
o C. Message Filter
o D. Message Queue
o Answer: D
Spring Boot Starters
12. What is the primary purpose of Spring Boot starters?
o A. To simplify the configuration of Spring applications
o B. To provide a framework for building microservices
o C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
o D. To provide a framework for building enterprise integration solutions
o Answer: A
Spring MVC
13. What is the role of the @RequestMapping annotation in Spring MVC?
o A. To map a method to a specific HTTP request
o B. To mark a class as a controller
o C. To mark a method as a transaction
o D. To mark a method as an event listener
o Answer: A
14. Which of the following is NOT a common HTTP method supported by Spring MVC?
o A. GET
o B. POST
o C. PUT
o D. DELETE
o Answer: D
Spring Data
15. What is the primary purpose of Spring Data JPA?
• A. To simplify database interactions
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building microservices
• Answer: A
16. Which annotation is used to mark a class as a JPA repository?
• A. @Repository
• B. @JpaRepository
• C. @JpaEntity
• D. @Transactional
• Answer: B
Spring Security
17. What is the primary purpose of Spring Security?
• A. To provide security features like authentication and authorization
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building microservices
• Answer: A
18. Which authentication mechanism is commonly used with Spring Security?
• A. Basic Authentication
• B. Form-Based Authentication
• C. OAuth2
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
19. What is the role of the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security?
• A. To authorize access to a method before execution
• B. To authorize access to a method after execution
• C. To log all method invocations
• D. To cache method invocations
• Answer: A
Spring Boot
20. What is the primary purpose of Spring Boot?
• A. To simplify the development of Spring applications
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building microservices
• Answer: A
21. Which Spring Boot starter POM is used for web applications?
• A. spring-boot-starter-web
• B. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
• C. spring-boot-starter-security
• D. spring-boot-starter-test
• Answer: A
Spring AOP
22. What is the core concept of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)?
• A. Separating concerns across multiple modules
• B. Modularizing cross-cutting concerns
• C. Encapsulating business logic
• D. All of the above
• Answer: B
23. Which annotation is used to define an aspect in Spring AOP?
• A. @Aspect
• B. @Component
• C. @Service
• D. @Controller
• Answer: A
Spring Cloud
24. What is the primary purpose of Spring Cloud?
• A. To build distributed systems and microservices
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building enterprise integration solutions
• Answer: A
25. Which Spring Cloud component is used for service discovery?
• A. Spring Cloud Config
• B. Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka
• C. Spring Cloud Gateway
• D. Spring Cloud Bus
• Answer: B
Spring Batch
26. What is the primary purpose of Spring Batch?
• A. To build batch processing applications
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building microservices
• Answer: A
27. Which of the following is a core component of a Spring Batch job?
• A. Job Repository
• B. Job Launcher
• C. Step
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
Spring JMS
28. What is the primary purpose of Spring JMS?
• A. To provide a framework for building messaging applications
• B. To provide a framework for building RESTful web services
• C. To provide a framework for building reactive applications
• D. To provide a framework for building microservices
• Answer: A
29. Which of the following is a common JMS provider?
• A
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Here are 25 more MCQs with answers on Spring Framework:
Spring Data
30. What is the purpose of the @Query annotation in Spring Data JPA?
• A. To define custom JPQL or SQL queries
• B. To specify the query method name
• C. To enable pagination
• D. To enable sorting
• Answer: A
31. What is the purpose of the @Transactional annotation in Spring Data JPA?
• A. To mark a method as a transaction boundary
• B. To specify the query method name
• C. To enable pagination
• D. To enable sorting
• Answer: A
Spring Security
32. What is the role of the UserDetailsService interface in Spring Security?
• A. To load user information from a data source
• B. To authenticate users
• C. To authorize user access
• D. To encrypt passwords
• Answer: A
33. What is the purpose of the @EnableWebSecurity annotation in Spring Security?
• A. To enable Spring Security in a web application
• B. To define custom security filters
• C. To configure authentication and authorization
• D. To encrypt passwords
• Answer: A
Spring Boot
34. What is the purpose of the @SpringBootApplication annotation?
• A. To mark a class as a Spring Boot application
• B. To enable Spring Boot auto-configuration
• C. To define the main class of a Spring Boot application
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
35. What is the purpose of the application.properties file in Spring Boot?
• A. To configure application properties
• B. To define beans
• C. To define controllers
• D. To define services
• Answer: A
Spring AOP
36. What is the role of the Pointcut in Spring AOP?
• A. To define the join points where advice should be applied
• B. To provide the implementation of the advice
• C. To weave the advice into the target object
• D. To define the order of execution of advice
• Answer: A
37. What is the role of the Advice in Spring AOP?
• A. To define the join points where advice should be applied
• B. To provide the implementation of the advice
• C. To weave the advice into the target object
• D. To define the order of execution of advice
• Answer: B
Spring Cloud
38. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Config?
• A. To centralize configuration management
• B. To provide service discovery
• C. To implement circuit breakers
• D. To provide API gateway functionality
• Answer: A
39. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Gateway?
• A. To centralize configuration management
• B. To provide service discovery
• C. To implement circuit breakers
• D. To provide API gateway functionality
• Answer: D
Spring Batch
40. What is the purpose of the Job interface in Spring Batch?
• A. To define a unit of work in a batch job
• B. To launch a batch job
• C. To monitor the execution of a batch job
• D. To restart a failed batch job
• Answer: A
41. What is the purpose of the Step interface in Spring Batch?
• A. To define a unit of work in a batch job
• B. To launch a batch job
• C. To monitor the execution of a batch job
• D. To restart a failed batch job
• Answer: A
Spring JMS
42. What is the purpose of the Message interface in Spring JMS?
• A. To represent a message in a JMS message system
• B. To send a message to a JMS destination
• C. To receive a message from a JMS destination
• D. To create a JMS connection
• Answer: A
43. What is the purpose of a Message-Driven POJO (MDP) in Spring JMS?
• A. To receive messages asynchronously
• B. To send messages synchronously
• C. To create JMS connections
• D. To configure JMS destinations
44. What is the purpose of the @EnableJpaRepositories annotation in Spring Data JPA?
• A. To enable JPA repositories in a Spring Boot application
• B. To specify the base package for JPA repositories
• C. To configure the JPA entity manager
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
45. What is the purpose of the @Transactional annotation in Spring Data JPA repositories?
• A. To mark a method as a transaction boundary
• B. To specify the query method name
• C. To enable pagination
• D. To enable sorting
• Answer: A
Spring Security
46. What is the purpose of the HttpSecurity class in Spring Security?
• A. To configure HTTP security for a web application
• B. To authenticate users
• C. To authorize user access
• D. To encrypt passwords
• Answer: A
47. What is the purpose of the UserDetails interface in Spring Security?
• A. To represent user information
• B. To authenticate users
• C. To authorize user access
• D. To encrypt passwords
• Answer: A
Spring Boot
48. What is the purpose of the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?
• A. To mark a class as a REST controller
• B. To enable Spring Boot auto-configuration
• C. To define the main class of a Spring Boot application
• D. All of the above
• Answer: A
49. What is the purpose of the @PathVariable annotation in Spring MVC?
• A. To bind a URI template variable to a method parameter
• B. To bind a request parameter to a method parameter
• C. To bind a request body to a method parameter
• D. To bind a request header to a method parameter
• Answer: A
Spring AOP
50. What is the purpose of the @Around advice in Spring AOP?
• A. To execute before a method
• B. To execute after a method
• C. To execute both before and after a method
• D. To execute on exceptions thrown by a method
• Answer: C
Spring Messaging (50 Questions)
36. Which of the following is the primary purpose of Spring Messaging?
o A. To handle HTTP requests in Spring MVC
o B. To send and receive messages in a messaging queue
o C. To handle database transactions
o D. To define Spring beans
Answer: B. To send and receive messages in a messaging queue
37. Which protocol is used by Spring Messaging for messaging?
o A. HTTP
o B. AMQP
o C. WebSockets
o D. Both B and C
Answer: D. Both B and C
38. Which Spring module is used for working with messaging and queues?
o A. Spring JMS
o B. Spring Data
o C. Spring Web
o D. Spring Integration
Answer: A. Spring JMS
39. What is the default message broker in Spring WebSocket?
o A. RabbitMQ
o B. ActiveMQ
o C. SimpleMessageBroker
o D. JmsTemplate
Answer: C. SimpleMessageBroker
40. What does the @MessageMapping annotation do in Spring?
o A. Maps HTTP requests to a method
o B. Maps WebSocket messages to a method
o C. Maps JMS messages to a method
o D. Maps Spring Security rules to a method
Answer: B. Maps WebSocket messages to a method
41. Which of the following is used to send a message to a destination in Spring Messaging?
o A. @SendTo
o B. @MessageSend
o C. @MessageDestination
o D. @SendMessage
Answer: A. @SendTo
42. Which interface in Spring Messaging provides the functionality for sending and receiving messages?
o A. MessageChannel
o B. MessageQueue
o C. JmsTemplate
o D. WebSocketHandler
Answer: A. MessageChannel
43. What is the default configuration for a message broker in Spring WebSocket?
o A. Stomp
o B. RabbitMQ
o C. JMS
o D. AMQP
Answer: A. Stomp
44. In Spring Messaging, which annotation is used to receive messages?
o A. @MessageListener
o B. @ReceiveMessage
o C. @MessageMapping
o D. @Listen
Answer: C. @MessageMapping
45. Which of the following is true about the Spring Integration module?
o A. It is used for messaging and integration with various protocols
o B. It only supports JMS
o C. It is used for defining REST endpoints
o D. It is used only for WebSocket communication
Answer: A. It is used for messaging and integration with various protocols
Spring Boot Starters (50 Questions)
46. What is the purpose of Spring Boot starters?
o A. They are used to add dependencies for specific functionalities to your project
o B. They configure Spring beans automatically
o C. They provide security for Spring Boot applications
o D. They are used to run Spring Boot applications
Answer: A. They are used to add dependencies for specific functionalities to your project
47. Which of the following is a commonly used Spring Boot starter for web applications?
o A. spring-boot-starter-web
o B. spring-boot-starter-messaging
o C. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
o D. spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-web
48. Which Spring Boot starter is used to include support for embedded Tomcat server?
o A. spring-boot-starter-logging
o B. spring-boot-starter-tomcat
o C. spring-boot-starter-web
o D. spring-boot-starter-jetty
Answer: B. spring-boot-starter-tomcat
49. Which Spring Boot starter is used to add support for database connectivity?
o A. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
o B. spring-boot-starter-web
o C. spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
o D. spring-boot-starter-logging
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
50. Which of the following starters is used for adding support for Spring Security?
o A. spring-boot-starter-security
o B. spring-boot-starter-data
o C. spring-boot-starter-actuator
o D. spring-boot-starter-web
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-security
51. What is the role of spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf starter in a Spring Boot project?
o A. It adds support for HTML templating with Thymeleaf
o B. It enables messaging features
o C. It provides JPA integration
o D. It is used for adding web sockets support
Answer: A. It adds support for HTML templating with Thymeleaf
52. Which Spring Boot starter is used for building RESTful web services?
o A. spring-boot-starter-web
o B. spring-boot-starter-rest
o C. spring-boot-starter-jms
o D. spring-boot-starter-messaging
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-web
53. What does the spring-boot-starter-logging starter include?
o A. Logging configurations for applications
o B. Database connection configurations
o C. WebSocket configurations
o D. Actuator configurations for monitoring
Answer: A. Logging configurations for applications
54. Which Spring Boot starter would you use for integrating Spring Boot with Elasticsearch?
o A. spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch
o B. spring-boot-starter-web
o C. spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb
o D. spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch
55. Which starter is required to enable Spring Boot Actuator?
o A. spring-boot-starter-actuator
o B. spring-boot-starter-web
o C. spring-boot-starter-security
o D. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-actuator
Spring MVC (50 Questions)
56. What is the purpose of Spring MVC in the Spring Framework?
o A. To create database connections
o B. To handle HTTP requests and responses
o C. To manage application configurations
o D. To implement messaging queues
Answer: B. To handle HTTP requests and responses
57. Which of the following annotations is used to mark a class as a Spring MVC controller?
o A. @Controller
o B. @Service
o C. @RestController
o D. @Bean
Answer: A. @Controller
58. Which of the following annotations is used to define a RESTful controller in Spring MVC?
o A. @RestController
o B. @Controller
o C. @Service
o D. @Component
Answer: A. @RestController
59. What is the role of the @RequestMapping annotation in Spring MVC?
o A. To map HTTP requests to controller methods
o B. To specify the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.)
o C. To define response formats (JSON, XML)
o D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
60. Which of the following methods in a Spring controller is used to handle HTTP GET requests?
o A. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
o B. @PostMapping
o C. @GetMapping
o D. @PutMapping
Answer: C. @GetMapping
61. What is the purpose of @ModelAttribute in Spring MVC?
o A. To bind request parameters to model attributes
o B. To handle HTTP POST requests
o C. To define a view for a controller
o D. To handle form submissions
Answer: A. To bind request parameters to model attributes
62. In Spring MVC, which annotation is used to specify a path variable in a URL?
o A. @RequestParam
o B. @PathVariable
o C. @RequestMapping
o D. @RequestBody
Answer: B. @PathVariable
63. What is the default view resolver in Spring MVC?
o A. InternalResourceViewResolver
o B. ThymeleafViewResolver
o C. JSPViewResolver
o D. FreeMarkerViewResolver
Answer: A. InternalResourceViewResolver
64. Which annotation is used to handle form submissions in Spring MVC?
o A. @RequestMapping
o B. @PostMapping
o C. @GetMapping
o D. @SubmitMapping
Answer: B. @PostMapping
Here are additional MCQs based on your specified topics:
Dependency Injection (50 Questions)
65. Which of the following is the default scope for Spring beans?
• A. Singleton
• B. Prototype
• C. Request
• D. Session
Answer: A. Singleton
66. What is the main purpose of Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring?
• A. To manage database connections
• B. To manage application configurations
• C. To decouple class dependencies and manage object creation
• D. To handle HTTP requests
Answer: C. To decouple class dependencies and manage object creation
67. Which of the following annotations is used to declare a Spring bean in a class?
• A. @Bean
• B. @Component
• C. @Controller
• D. @Service
Answer: B. @Component
68. Which annotation in Spring is used to inject dependencies into a class?
• A. @Inject
• B. @Autowired
• C. @InjectDependencies
• D. @AutowiredBean
Answer: B. @Autowired
69. What does the @Qualifier annotation do in Spring?
• A. It injects dependencies into a class
• B. It specifies which bean to inject when multiple beans are available
• C. It defines the scope of a bean
• D. It provides transactional support for beans
Answer: B. It specifies which bean to inject when multiple beans are available
70. Which of the following is a type of dependency injection in Spring?
• A. Constructor Injection
• B. Setter Injection
• C. Field Injection
• D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
71. Which annotation is used for autowiring a constructor in Spring?
• A. @Autowired
• B. @Inject
• C. @Bean
• D. @AutowiredConstructor
Answer: A. @Autowired
72. In Spring, what does the @Primary annotation do?
• A. Marks the bean as the default bean when multiple candidates exist
• B. Defines the primary database connection
• C. Marks the primary configuration class
• D. Marks the primary service class
Answer: A. Marks the bean as the default bean when multiple candidates exist
73. What is the main difference between @Autowired and @Inject in Spring?
• A. @Autowired is specific to Spring, while @Inject is a part of Java EE
• B. @Autowired can inject fields, while @Inject cannot
• C. @Autowired is used for constructor injection, while @Inject is used for setter injection
• D. @Autowired supports optional injection, while @Inject does not
Answer: A. @Autowired is specific to Spring, while @Inject is a part of Java EE
74. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of Spring bean scope?
• A. Singleton
• B. Prototype
• C. Application
• D. Request
Answer: C. Application
75. In Spring, what happens if no qualifying bean is found for autowiring?
• A. An exception is thrown
• B. A default bean is created
• C. The bean will be null
• D. The application stops
Answer: A. An exception is thrown
Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs (50 Questions)
76. Which annotation is used to enable task scheduling in a Spring application?
• A. @EnableScheduling
• B. @EnableTasks
• C. @ScheduledTasks
• D. @TaskScheduling
Answer: A. @EnableScheduling
77. What is the purpose of the @Scheduled annotation in Spring?
• A. To schedule tasks to run periodically
• B. To handle cron jobs
• C. To configure data source
• D. To configure a message broker
Answer: A. To schedule tasks to run periodically
78. Which of the following cron expression represents the task to run every day at midnight in Spring?
• A. 0 0 12 * * ?
• B. 0 0 0 * * ?
• C. 0 0 23 * * ?
• D. 0 0 0 1 * ?
Answer: B. 0 0 0 * * ?
79. Which method in TaskScheduler is used to schedule a task?
• A. schedule()
• B. runTask()
• C. scheduleAtFixedRate()
• D. scheduleTask()
Answer: A. schedule()
80. Which of the following is a valid cron expression format used in Spring’s @Scheduled annotation?
• A. * * * * *
• B. Seconds Minutes Hours Day-of-month Month Day-of-week Year
• C. 0-59 0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6
• D. Seconds Minutes Hours Day-of-month Month
Answer: B. Seconds Minutes Hours Day-of-month Month Day-of-week Year
81. What does the fixedRate attribute in the @Scheduled annotation do?
• A. Specifies the frequency of task execution in milliseconds
• B. Executes the task after a fixed interval from the last task's start time
• C. Specifies a fixed delay between the completion of one execution and the start of the next
• D. None of the above
Answer: B. Executes the task after a fixed interval from the last task's start time
82. What is the purpose of the fixedDelay attribute in the @Scheduled annotation?
• A. It specifies the delay between the start of one execution and the start of the next
• B. It defines the interval after which a task is executed
• C. It defines how often a task is executed in seconds
• D. None of the above
Answer: A. It specifies the delay between the start of one execution and the start of the next
83. Which of the following is a valid cron expression to run a task every hour?
• A. 0 0 * * * ?
• B. 0 * * * * ?
• C. * 0 * * * ?
• D. 0 0 0 * * ?
Answer: A. 0 0 * * * ?
84. Which interface does Spring use for task scheduling?
• A. TaskExecutor
• B. TaskScheduler
• C. Runnable
• D. ScheduledExecutorService
Answer: B. TaskScheduler
85. Which of the following annotations is used to enable the Spring scheduling functionality for cron
jobs?
• A. @EnableScheduling
• B. @ScheduledTasks
• C. @CronEnabled
• D. @TaskScheduling
Answer: A. @EnableScheduling
Authorization and Authentication (50 Questions)
86. Which Spring Security annotation is used to specify a method should be accessible only by
authenticated users?
• A. @Secured
• B. @PreAuthorize
• C. @PostAuthorize
• D. @Authenticate
Answer: A. @Secured
87. In Spring Security, what is the default role for authenticated users?
• A. ROLE_USER
• B. ROLE_ADMIN
• C. ROLE_GUEST
• D. ROLE_AUTHENTICATED
Answer: A. ROLE_USER
88. Which Spring Security class is responsible for managing authentication?
• A. AuthenticationManager
• B. SecurityContextHolder
• C. AuthenticationProvider
• D. SecurityManager
Answer: A. AuthenticationManager
89. Which annotation in Spring Security is used to restrict access to a method to a specific role?
• A. @PreAuthorize
• B. @Secured
• C. @RolesAllowed
• D. @PermitAll
Answer: B. @Secured
90. Which interface is used by Spring Security to retrieve user details for authentication?
• A. UserDetailsService
• B. AuthenticationProvider
• C. UserService
• D. UserRepository
Answer: A. UserDetailsService
91. What is the purpose of the SecurityContextHolder in Spring Security?
• A. To hold the security context of the current request
• B. To handle user registration
• C. To store user credentials
• D. To manage roles and permissions
Answer: A. To hold the security context of the current request
92. Which Spring Security feature allows the user to authenticate using JWT (JSON Web Token)?
• A. HttpSecurity
• B. JwtAuthenticationFilter
• C. JWTTokenFilter
• D. OAuth2Login
Answer: B. JwtAuthenticationFilter
93. What does the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security allow?
• A. It allows the user to authorize method execution based on roles
• B. It prevents unauthorized users from accessing a method
• C. It checks the user’s permissions dynamically
• D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
94. Which class in Spring Security manages the user session for an HTTP request?
• A. SecurityContextHolder
• B. HttpSessionSecurityContextRepository
• C. AuthenticationManager
• D. SessionManager
Answer: B. HttpSessionSecurityContextRepository
Spring Data
51. What is the purpose of the @EnableJpaRepositories annotation?
• A. To enable JPA repositories in a Spring Boot application
• B. To specify the base package for JPA repositories
• C. To configure the JPA entity manager
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
Spring Security
52. What is the purpose of the @PreAuthorize annotation?
• A. To authorize access to a method before execution
• B. To authorize access to a method after execution
• C. To log all method invocations
• D. To cache method invocations
• Answer: A
Spring Boot
53. What is the purpose of the @SpringBootApplication annotation?
• A. To mark a class as a Spring Boot application
• B. To enable Spring Boot auto-configuration
• C. To define the main class of a Spring Boot application
• D. All of the above
• Answer: D
Spring AOP
54. What is the purpose of the @AfterThrowing advice?
• A. To execute before a method
• B. To execute after a method
• C. To execute both before and after a method
• D. To execute on exceptions thrown by a method
• Answer: D
Spring Cloud
55. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Config Server?
• A. To centralize configuration management
• B. To provide service discovery
• C. To implement circuit breakers
• D. To provide API gateway functionality
• Answer: A
Dependency Injection (Coding MCQs)
1. What is the correct way to inject a dependency in Spring using annotation-based configuration?
o A. @Inject
o B. @Autowired
o C. @InjectBean
o D. @Dependency
Answer: B. @Autowired
2. Which annotation can be used to create a Spring bean that will be automatically injected into other
classes?
o A. @Component
o B. @Bean
o C. @Service
o D. @Repository
Answer: A. @Component
3. In Spring, which of the following is used to configure a bean explicitly?
o A. @ComponentScan
o B. @Configuration
o C. @Bean
o D. @Repository
Answer: C. @Bean
4. Which of the following methods is used for dependency injection via constructor in Spring?
o A. Using @Autowired on a constructor
o B. Using @Inject on a constructor
o C. Both A and B
o D. Neither A nor B
Answer: C. Both A and B
Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs (Coding MCQs)
5. Which annotation is used to schedule tasks in Spring Boot?
o A. @Scheduled
o B. @TaskScheduled
o C. @CronTask
o D. @Task
Answer: A. @Scheduled
6. Which of the following cron expressions would run a task every day at midnight?
o A. 0 0 12 * * *
o B. 0 0 0 * * *
o C. 0 0 0 1 * *
o D. 0 0 12 * * *
Answer: B. 0 0 0 * * *
7. What is the default cron expression for @Scheduled(cron = "") if not specified?
o A. It runs the task immediately
o B. It runs every 10 seconds
o C. It runs every minute
o D. It runs according to the system's time
Answer: D. It runs according to the system's time
8. Which of the following annotations enables Spring’s scheduling support?
o A. @EnableScheduling
o B. @TaskScheduler
o C. @ScheduledTask
o D. @ScheduledTasks
Answer: A. @EnableScheduling
Authorization and Authentication (Coding MCQs)
9. Which interface is used for user authentication in Spring Security?
o A. AuthenticationManager
o B. UserDetailsService
o C. SecurityContextHolder
o D. AuthorizationManager
Answer: B. UserDetailsService
10. Which annotation is used to secure methods in Spring Security?
o A. @Secure
o B. @PreAuthorize
o C. @Authorize
o D. @AccessControl
Answer: B. @PreAuthorize
11. Which method in Spring Security’s HttpSecurity class is used to configure form-based login?
o A. http.formLogin()
o B. http.loginForm()
o C. http.formAuthentication()
o D. http.setLoginForm()
Answer: A. http.formLogin()
12. In Spring Security, which class is used to authenticate the current user via JWT token?
o A. JwtAuthenticationFilter
o B. UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
o C. SecurityContextFilter
o D. JwtAuthenticationManager
Answer: A. JwtAuthenticationFilter
Spring Events and Event Listeners (Coding MCQs)
13. Which annotation is used to publish an event in Spring?
o A. @EventPublisher
o B. @PublishEvent
o C. @EventListener
o D. @TransactionalEventListener
Answer: A. @EventPublisher
14. What method is used to listen for an event in a Spring application?
o A. @HandleEvent
o B. @EventListener
o C. @ListenToEvent
o D. @EventHandling
Answer: B. @EventListener
15. Which of the following annotations can be used to handle Spring application events
asynchronously?
o A. @Async
o B. @EventListener(value = ApplicationEvent.class, async = true)
o C. @AsyncEventListener
o D. @AsyncHandler
Answer: B. @EventListener(value = ApplicationEvent.class, async = true)
16. In Spring, how can you publish a custom event?
o A. Using ApplicationContext.publishEvent()
o B. Using EventPublisher.publish()
o C. Using EventBus.publish()
o D. Using @EventPublisher.publish()
Answer: A. Using ApplicationContext.publishEvent()
Spring Messaging (Coding MCQs)
17. Which of the following is used for messaging in Spring?
o A. Spring JMS
o B. Spring Integration
o C. Spring AMQP
o D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
18. What annotation is used to listen to a JMS queue in Spring?
o A. @JmsListener
o B. @QueueListener
o C. @MessageListener
o D. @Listener
Answer: A. @JmsListener
19. Which Spring framework component provides message-driven POJOs?
o A. @Service
o B. @MessageListener
o C. @JmsListener
o D. @Component
Answer: C. @JmsListener
20. Which annotation is used to configure the sending of messages to a JMS destination in Spring?
o A. @SendTo
o B. @MessageMapping
o C. @JmsTemplate
o D. @RabbitTemplate
Answer: A. @SendTo
Spring Boot Starters (Coding MCQs)
21. Which of the following is a common Spring Boot starter used for building web applications?
o A. spring-boot-starter-web
o B. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
o C. spring-boot-starter-security
o D. spring-boot-starter-mail
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-web
22. Which Spring Boot starter is used for working with databases via JPA?
o A. spring-boot-starter-jdbc
o B. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
o C. spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb
o D. spring-boot-starter-h2
Answer: B. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
23. Which Spring Boot starter is used for sending emails?
o A. spring-boot-starter-email
o B. spring-boot-starter-mail
o C. spring-boot-starter-smtp
o D. spring-boot-starter-gmail
Answer: B. spring-boot-starter-mail
24. Which Spring Boot starter is used to enable Spring Security in a project?
o A. spring-boot-starter-security
o B. spring-boot-starter-auth
o C. spring-boot-starter-login
o D. spring-boot-starter-authorization
Answer: A. spring-boot-starter-security
Spring MVC (Coding MCQs)
25. Which annotation is used to handle HTTP GET requests in Spring MVC?
o A. @RequestMapping
o B. @GetMapping
o C. @RequestParam
o D. @PostMapping
Answer: B. @GetMapping
26. Which of the following is used to bind a form submission to a model object in Spring MVC?
o A. @ModelAttribute
o B. @RequestBody
o C. @RequestParam
o D. @ModelForm
Answer: A. @ModelAttribute
27. Which annotation is used in Spring MVC to map a POST request to a method?
o A. @RequestMapping
o B. @PostMapping
o C. @RequestBody
o D. @RequestParam
Answer: B. @PostMapping
28. Which annotation in Spring MVC is used to handle HTTP requests based on method type and URI
pattern?
o A. @RequestMapping
o B. @RequestMethod
o C. @GetMapping
o D. @UrlMapping
Answer: A. @RequestMapping
SBQ questions
1. Dependency Injection (DI)
1. What is Dependency Injection in Spring?
o Answer: Dependency Injection is a design pattern where an object's dependencies
(i.e., the objects it needs) are provided to it rather than the object creating them. In
Spring, DI is used to reduce tight coupling between components.
2. What are the different types of Dependency Injection in Spring?
o Answer: The three types of DI in Spring are:
▪ Constructor-based: Dependencies are provided through the constructor.
▪ Setter-based: Dependencies are provided via setter methods.
▪ Field-based: Dependencies are injected directly into fields using
@Autowired annotation.
3. What is the role of @Autowired annotation in Spring?
o Answer: The @Autowired annotation is used to automatically inject dependencies
into a Spring bean. It can be used on fields, constructors, or setter methods.
4. Explain the difference between Singleton and Prototype bean scopes in Spring.
o Answer:
▪ Singleton: A single instance of the bean is created and shared across the
entire Spring container.
▪ Prototype: A new instance of the bean is created every time it is requested
from the container.
2. Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs
5. How does Spring Task Scheduler work?
o Answer: Spring Task Scheduler allows you to schedule tasks to run at specified
intervals or at specific times. It uses annotations like @Scheduled to configure tasks.
6. What is the role of the @Scheduled annotation in Spring?
o Answer: The @Scheduled annotation is used to schedule tasks to run at fixed
intervals, after a fixed delay, or at specific times using cron expressions.
7. What is a cron expression, and how is it used in Spring?
o Answer: A cron expression is a string representing a schedule for running a task. It is
used in Spring to define the time intervals for scheduled tasks in the @Scheduled
annotation.
8. How can you schedule a task to run every Monday at 8 AM in Spring?
o Answer: You can use the @Scheduled annotation with a cron expression like this:
java
Copy code
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 8 * * MON")
public void task() {
// Task logic
3. Authorization and Authentication
9. What is the difference between Authentication and Authorization?
o Answer:
▪ Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a user or system.
▪ Authorization: The process of granting or denying access to resources based
on the authenticated identity.
10. How can you implement authentication in Spring Boot?
o Answer: Authentication in Spring Boot is typically implemented using Spring Security,
which can be configured with in-memory authentication, database-backed
authentication, or third-party authentication providers like OAuth2 or JWT.
11. What is the purpose of the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security?
o Answer: The @PreAuthorize annotation is used to define method-level security in
Spring, allowing access to methods based on the user’s roles or permissions.
12. How can you configure role-based access control in Spring Security?
o Answer: Role-based access control can be configured in Spring Security using the
@Secured or @PreAuthorize annotations, along with appropriate role checks. Roles
can be granted to users during authentication.
4. Spring Events and Event Listeners
13. What is the purpose of Spring Events?
o Answer: Spring Events allow communication between components in a decoupled
manner. Event publishers send events, and event listeners handle them
asynchronously.
14. What is the role of the @EventListener annotation in Spring?
o Answer: The @EventListener annotation is used to mark methods as listeners for
specific Spring application events, allowing them to react to events when they occur.
15. How do you publish an event in Spring?
o Answer: Events are published in Spring using the ApplicationEventPublisher
interface, which can be autowired into a component and used to publish events.
16. What is the difference between @EventListener and ApplicationListener in Spring?
o Answer:
▪ @EventListener: An annotation-based approach to handle events.
▪ ApplicationListener: An interface-based approach to handle events, where
the class implements the onApplicationEvent method.
5. Spring Messaging
17. What is Spring Messaging?
o Answer: Spring Messaging provides support for messaging protocols like JMS, AMQP,
and WebSocket, allowing Spring applications to send and receive messages.
18. What is the use of @MessageMapping annotation in Spring WebSocket?
o Answer: The @MessageMapping annotation is used to map WebSocket messages to
handler methods in a Spring controller, similar to how @RequestMapping maps
HTTP requests.
19. How can you configure message listeners in Spring JMS?
o Answer: Message listeners in Spring JMS can be configured using the @JmsListener
annotation or by implementing the MessageListener interface and configuring it in
the listener container.
20. What is the role of the JmsTemplate in Spring?
o Answer: JmsTemplate is a helper class in Spring that simplifies sending and receiving
JMS messages. It provides a higher-level abstraction over the JMS API.
6. Spring Boot Starters
21. What are Spring Boot starters?
o Answer: Spring Boot starters are pre-configured dependencies provided by Spring
Boot to simplify the setup of various features, such as web development, data
access, and messaging.
22. Name some commonly used Spring Boot starters.
o Answer: Some commonly used Spring Boot starters include:
▪ spring-boot-starter-web (for building web applications)
▪ spring-boot-starter-data-jpa (for JPA and Hibernate integration)
▪ spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf (for Thymeleaf templating engine)
▪ spring-boot-starter-security (for security features)
23. What is the purpose of spring-boot-starter-test?
o Answer: The spring-boot-starter-test provides libraries and dependencies for testing
Spring Boot applications, including JUnit, Mockito, Hamcrest, and Spring Test.
24. How can you exclude a starter dependency in Spring Boot?
o Answer: You can exclude a starter dependency by using the exclude attribute in the
@SpringBootApplication annotation or in the pom.xml file.
7. Spring MVC
25. What is Spring MVC?
o Answer: Spring MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a web framework in Spring that
provides a structure for building web applications by separating the business logic
(Model), user interface (View), and user input (Controller).
26. How do you map a URL to a controller method in Spring MVC?
o Answer: In Spring MVC, you use the @RequestMapping annotation on a controller
method to map a URL to the method. You can also use specialized annotations like
@GetMapping, @PostMapping, etc.
27. What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController in Spring MVC?
o Answer:
▪ @Controller: Used to define a controller class that handles web requests and
returns view names (JSP, Thymeleaf, etc.).
▪ @RestController: A combination of @Controller and @ResponseBody, used
for building RESTful web services that return data in formats like JSON or
XML.
28. How can you pass data from a controller to a view in Spring MVC?
o Answer: Data can be passed to a view in Spring MVC using Model or ModelAndView
objects, which are added in the controller method using the addAttribute method.
1. Dependency Injection (DI)
29. What is the purpose of the @Qualifier annotation in Spring?
• Answer: The @Qualifier annotation is used to specify which bean to inject when there are
multiple candidates for autowiring, helping Spring to resolve ambiguity.
30. What is a "bean" in Spring Framework?
• Answer: A "bean" is an object that is managed by the Spring container. Beans are created,
configured, and wired by Spring IoC container.
31. What are the advantages of Dependency Injection?
• Answer: Dependency Injection promotes loose coupling between components, improves
testability, and makes the application more maintainable and flexible.
32. What is the difference between @Autowired and @Inject annotations in Spring?
• Answer: Both annotations are used for dependency injection, but @Autowired is Spring-
specific, while @Inject is part of the Java standard (javax.inject) and has similar functionality.
33. How does Spring handle circular dependencies?
• Answer: Spring handles circular dependencies by using setter injection or proxy-based
approaches. Constructor injection is not feasible for circular dependencies in Spring.
2. Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs
34. How do you configure a fixed delay schedule for a task in Spring?
• Answer: You can use the @Scheduled annotation with the fixedDelay attribute, which
specifies the delay between the completion of the last execution and the start of the next
execution.
java
Copy code
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000) // Delay 5 seconds
public void task() {
// Task logic
35. What is the difference between fixedRate and fixedDelay in Spring scheduling?
• Answer:
o fixedRate: Executes the task at a fixed rate, irrespective of when the last task
finished.
o fixedDelay: Executes the task after a specified delay from the end of the previous
task.
36. Can you schedule a task in Spring Boot based on cron expressions?
• Answer: Yes, Spring Boot allows scheduling tasks using cron expressions with the
@Scheduled(cron = "expression") annotation. Cron expressions allow fine-grained control
over task scheduling.
37. What is the use of the TaskScheduler interface in Spring?
• Answer: TaskScheduler is an interface in Spring that provides methods for scheduling tasks
with flexible scheduling options. It is an abstraction over different scheduling frameworks like
ScheduledExecutorService.
38. What is the default time unit for fixedDelay and fixedRate in Spring Task Scheduling?
• Answer: The default time unit for both fixedDelay and fixedRate is milliseconds.
3. Authorization and Authentication
39. How does Spring Security handle password hashing?
• Answer: Spring Security supports password hashing through the PasswordEncoder interface,
which provides implementations like BCryptPasswordEncoder, NoOpPasswordEncoder, etc.
40. What is the role of JWT (JSON Web Token) in Spring Security?
• Answer: JWT is used for stateless authentication, where a token is generated after a user logs
in and is included in subsequent requests to authenticate the user.
41. What is the difference between @Secured and @PreAuthorize in Spring Security?
• Answer:
o @Secured: Specifies which roles can access a method.
o @PreAuthorize: Provides more flexibility, allowing you to use SpEL (Spring
Expression Language) to define authorization conditions.
42. What is OAuth2, and how is it used in Spring Security?
• Answer: OAuth2 is an authorization framework that allows third-party applications to access
a user's data without exposing their credentials. Spring Security OAuth2 supports client-side
and server-side OAuth2 authentication.
43. How can you restrict access to a URL in Spring Security based on roles?
• Answer: Access to a URL can be restricted using
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/restricted").hasRole("ADMIN") to allow access only
for users with the ADMIN role.
4. Spring Events and Event Listeners
44. What is the ApplicationEventPublisher interface used for in Spring?
• Answer: ApplicationEventPublisher is used to publish events to the Spring application
context, which can then be handled by any listeners registered for the event.
45. What is the use of @Async with event listeners in Spring?
• Answer: @Async is used to run event listeners asynchronously, ensuring that the event
processing does not block the main thread.
46. How can you listen to an event in Spring without using @EventListener?
• Answer: You can implement the ApplicationListener interface and override the
onApplicationEvent method to listen to events.
47. What are some common use cases for Spring events?
• Answer: Common use cases include handling post-save actions (e.g., sending notifications
after data is saved), triggering background processes, and reacting to changes in the
application state.
48. How can you use custom events in Spring?
• Answer: Custom events can be created by extending the ApplicationEvent class and then
publishing them using the ApplicationEventPublisher.
5. Spring Messaging
49. What is Spring AMQP?
• Answer: Spring AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) is a messaging framework that
provides support for message-driven POJOs with RabbitMQ as the underlying messaging
platform.
50. What is the role of @MessageMapping in Spring WebSocket?
• Answer: @MessageMapping is used in Spring WebSocket to map incoming WebSocket
messages to methods, similar to how @RequestMapping maps HTTP requests to controller
methods.
51. What is the purpose of @SendTo in Spring WebSocket?
• Answer: @SendTo is used in Spring WebSocket to define the destination to which the
response should be sent after processing a message. It works in combination with
@MessageMapping.
52. How does Spring JMS integrate with ActiveMQ?
• Answer: Spring JMS provides integration with ActiveMQ through the JmsTemplate and
@JmsListener annotation to send and receive messages in a Java Message Service (JMS)
environment.
53. What is the role of RabbitTemplate in Spring AMQP?
• Answer: RabbitTemplate is a helper class in Spring AMQP for sending and receiving messages
to and from RabbitMQ queues.
6. Spring Boot Starters
54. What is spring-boot-starter-web used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-web is used to develop web applications in Spring Boot. It
includes dependencies for Spring MVC, embedded Tomcat server, and Jackson for JSON
processing.
55. What is spring-boot-starter-data-jpa used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-data-jpa provides the required dependencies to integrate Spring
Data JPA with Hibernate for database interaction.
56. How does spring-boot-starter-logging help in Spring Boot applications?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-logging automatically configures a logging framework (such as
Logback) for logging purposes in Spring Boot applications.
57. What is spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf provides the necessary dependencies for using
Thymeleaf as a templating engine in Spring Boot applications.
58. What is the purpose of spring-boot-starter-actuator?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-actuator provides production-ready features such as health
checks, metrics, and application monitoring in Spring Boot applications.
7. Spring MVC
59. What is the role of @RequestMapping in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @RequestMapping is used to map web requests to specific handler methods in a
Spring controller.
60. What is the difference between @GetMapping and @PostMapping in Spring MVC?
• Answer:
o @GetMapping is used to handle HTTP GET requests.
o @PostMapping is used to handle HTTP POST requests.
61. What is the role of ModelAndView in Spring MVC?
• Answer: ModelAndView is used in Spring MVC to return both the model (data) and the view
(view name or template) from a controller method.
62. What is the purpose of @PathVariable in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @PathVariable is used to bind a method parameter to a URI template variable in
Spring MVC.
63. How can you perform form handling in Spring MVC?
• Answer: Form handling in Spring MVC can be performed by using the @ModelAttribute
annotation to bind form data to an object and handling form submissions in controller
methods with @PostMapping.
1. Dependency Injection (DI)
64. What is the difference between constructor injection and setter injection in Spring?
• Answer:
o Constructor Injection: Dependencies are provided through the constructor of the
bean, ensuring immutability and making dependencies mandatory.
o Setter Injection: Dependencies are provided through setter methods, which allows
optional dependencies and can be changed after object creation.
65. How does Spring manage the lifecycle of beans?
• Answer: Spring manages the lifecycle of beans by calling lifecycle methods like
@PostConstruct and @PreDestroy after initializing and before destroying the bean,
respectively.
66. What is the @Primary annotation used for in Spring?
• Answer: The @Primary annotation is used to indicate that a particular bean should be used
when multiple candidates are available for autowiring.
67. What is @Value used for in Spring?
• Answer: The @Value annotation is used to inject values from property files, environment
variables, or expression language (SpEL) into Spring beans.
68. What is the scope of a singleton bean in Spring?
• Answer: A singleton bean in Spring is created only once per Spring IoC container. It is shared
across the entire application context.
2. Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs
69. How can you run a task in Spring at fixed intervals using the @Scheduled annotation?
• Answer: You can specify intervals using the fixedRate or fixedDelay attributes of the
@Scheduled annotation, or use a cron expression for more advanced scheduling.
70. What is a cron expression, and how is it used in Spring?
• Answer: A cron expression is a string that defines a schedule for running tasks. It consists of
six fields: second, minute, hour, day of the month, month, and day of the week. In Spring, it
is used with the @Scheduled(cron = "expression") annotation to schedule tasks.
71. How do you ensure that a task is executed periodically using Spring Task Scheduler?
• Answer: You can use the @Scheduled annotation with the fixedRate or cron attribute, or use
TaskScheduler to schedule tasks programmatically.
72. How would you schedule a task to run every day at midnight using Spring?
• Answer: You can use the following cron expression in @Scheduled:
java
Copy code
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 0 * * ?")
public void task() {
// Task logic
73. What is the purpose of the @EnableScheduling annotation in Spring?
• Answer: The @EnableScheduling annotation enables the Spring scheduler and allows you to
run tasks asynchronously with the help of the @Scheduled annotation.
3. Authorization and Authentication
74. What is the role of the AuthenticationManager in Spring Security?
• Answer: The AuthenticationManager is responsible for authenticating a user’s credentials. It
works by delegating to various authentication providers.
75. What is the role of GrantedAuthority in Spring Security?
• Answer: GrantedAuthority represents an authority granted to an Authentication object. It is
used to define the roles or permissions assigned to the authenticated user.
76. How can you configure HTTP Basic authentication in Spring Security?
• Answer: You can configure HTTP Basic authentication by using http.httpBasic() in the Spring
Security configuration class.
77. What is the purpose of @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security?
• Answer: @PreAuthorize is used to define pre-method authorization, allowing you to secure
method invocations using Spring Expression Language (SpEL).
78. What is the difference between Authentication and Authorization in Spring Security?
• Answer:
o Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user (e.g., username and
password).
o Authorization is the process of determining what actions a user is allowed to
perform based on their roles or permissions.
4. Spring Events and Event Listeners
79. What is the ApplicationEvent class used for in Spring?
• Answer: ApplicationEvent is the base class for all events in Spring. You can extend it to create
custom events that are published and listened to by Spring's event listeners.
80. How can you publish an event in Spring?
• Answer: You can publish an event using ApplicationEventPublisher, typically by calling
publishEvent() within the application context.
java
Copy code
@Autowired
private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
public void publishCustomEvent() {
publisher.publishEvent(new CustomEvent(this));
81. What is the purpose of @EventListener in Spring?
• Answer: @EventListener is used to define methods that listen for specific events within the
Spring application context. The method will be invoked when the event is published.
82. What is the ApplicationListener interface used for in Spring?
• Answer: ApplicationListener is used to handle events in Spring by implementing the
onApplicationEvent method, allowing the custom logic for event handling.
83. How do you ensure that an event listener runs asynchronously in Spring?
• Answer: You can use the @Async annotation to make an event listener asynchronous,
allowing the event to be handled in a separate thread.
5. Spring Messaging
84. What is the role of the @MessageMapping annotation in Spring WebSocket?
• Answer: @MessageMapping is used to map incoming WebSocket messages to methods. It
functions similarly to @RequestMapping for HTTP requests but for WebSocket messages.
85. What is the difference between @SendTo and @MessageMapping in Spring WebSocket?
• Answer:
o @MessageMapping: Maps a WebSocket message to a controller method.
o @SendTo: Specifies the destination where the response of a WebSocket message
should be sent.
86. What is Spring Integration, and how does it differ from Spring Messaging?
• Answer: Spring Integration is a framework for building enterprise integration patterns, while
Spring Messaging focuses on providing messaging support using protocols like WebSocket
and JMS. Spring Integration can use Spring Messaging as part of its implementation.
87. What is the purpose of JmsListener in Spring JMS?
• Answer: @JmsListener is used to mark methods that will listen for JMS messages on a
specific destination. The method is invoked automatically when a message is received.
88. What is the purpose of RabbitTemplate in Spring AMQP?
• Answer: RabbitTemplate is used to send and receive messages to and from RabbitMQ
queues. It is the primary interface for interacting with RabbitMQ in Spring AMQP.
6. Spring Boot Starters
89. What is spring-boot-starter-parent?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-parent is a special starter in Spring Boot that acts as a parent for
all Spring Boot projects. It provides default configurations, dependency management, and
plugin management.
90. What dependencies are included in spring-boot-starter-web?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-web includes dependencies for Spring MVC, Tomcat (embedded
server), Jackson (JSON processing), and validation libraries.
91. What is the purpose of spring-boot-starter-validation?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-validation provides Hibernate Validator, which allows validation
of beans in Spring Boot applications using annotations like @NotNull, @Size, etc.
92. What is spring-boot-starter-mail used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-mail provides the required dependencies to send emails in
Spring Boot applications via JavaMailSender.
93. How does Spring Boot’s spring-boot-starter-data-rest help in building REST APIs?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-data-rest automatically creates RESTful APIs for Spring Data
repositories, enabling CRUD operations on entities without writing controller code.
7. Spring MVC
94. What is the purpose of @ModelAttribute in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @ModelAttribute is used to bind request parameters to a method argument or to
add attributes to the model, which can be accessed by the view.
95. How can you return a JSON response in Spring MVC?
• Answer: You can return a JSON response by using the @RestController annotation or by
using @ResponseBody on a controller method to indicate that the response body should be
serialized as JSON.
96. What is the role of @RequestBody in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @RequestBody is used to bind the incoming HTTP request body to a method
parameter, typically used for reading JSON or XML data in RESTful web services.
97. How do you handle validation errors in Spring MVC?
• Answer: You can use @Valid or @Validated annotations to validate incoming requests, and
BindingResult can be used to capture validation errors for handling them.
98. What is the purpose of @ResponseStatus in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @ResponseStatus is used to specify the HTTP status code that should be returned
for a specific method or exception handler in Spring MVC.
1. Dependency Injection (DI)
99. What are the advantages of using Dependency Injection in Spring?
• Answer: Dependency Injection provides loose coupling between classes, improves code
maintainability, testability, and flexibility by allowing easy swapping of components.
100. What is @Autowired annotation used for in Spring?
• Answer: The @Autowired annotation is used to automatically wire a bean by type. Spring will
automatically inject the required dependencies into the fields, constructors, or methods.
101. How does Spring handle multiple beans of the same type for autowiring?
• Answer: If multiple beans of the same type are found, Spring will throw an exception unless
one of the beans is marked with @Primary or @Qualifier is used to specify which bean
should be injected.
102. Can you use @Autowired to inject primitive types or simple values?
• Answer: Yes, @Autowired can inject primitive types, but it requires that the bean be a
suitable type or the value be configured properly (via @Value for simple values).
103. What is the role of ApplicationContext in Dependency Injection?
• Answer: The ApplicationContext is responsible for managing the lifecycle of beans, resolving
dependencies, and providing the beans to the application when needed.
2. Spring Task Scheduler and Cron Jobs
104. How can you execute a task periodically in Spring using the @Scheduled
annotation with a fixed delay?
• Answer: You can use @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000) to execute a task with a fixed delay of
5000 milliseconds (5 seconds) after the previous execution finishes.
105. What is the significance of the @EnableScheduling annotation in Spring?
• Answer: The @EnableScheduling annotation enables the scheduling of tasks in a Spring
application, allowing the use of the @Scheduled annotation to schedule tasks.
106. How can you schedule a task to run at a fixed rate using Spring?
• Answer: You can use the @Scheduled(fixedRate = 10000) annotation to run a task at a fixed
rate of 10 seconds, regardless of the task's execution time.
107. What is the use of @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 12 * * ?") in Spring?
• Answer: The cron expression 0 0 12 * * ? schedules a task to run at 12:00 PM (noon) every
day.
108. How can you disable a scheduled task in Spring?
• Answer: You can disable a scheduled task by commenting out or removing the @Scheduled
annotation from the method or by using conditional checks within the method.
3. Authorization and Authentication
109. What is the difference between stateless and stateful authentication?
• Answer: Stateless authentication does not store any session or state between requests (e.g.,
JWT), while stateful authentication requires storing session information on the server side
(e.g., HTTP sessions).
110. How would you implement custom authentication in Spring Security?
• Answer: You can implement custom authentication by creating a custom
AuthenticationProvider and overriding the authenticate() method to perform the
authentication logic.
111. What is the role of SecurityContextHolder in Spring Security?
• Answer: SecurityContextHolder holds the security context, including the authentication
information of the currently authenticated user, which can be accessed throughout the
application.
112. What is remember-me authentication in Spring Security?
• Answer: remember-me authentication allows users to stay logged in across sessions by
storing a cookie on the client-side, which is used for re-authentication.
113. How would you secure a REST API with JWT in Spring Security?
• Answer: You can secure a REST API with JWT by creating a custom filter that intercepts
incoming requests, validates the JWT token, and sets the authentication context.
4. Spring Events and Event Listeners
114. How do you publish a custom event in Spring?
• Answer: You can publish a custom event by using the ApplicationEventPublisher:
java
Copy code
@Autowired
private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
public void publishEvent() {
publisher.publishEvent(new CustomEvent(this));
115. How do you listen to events asynchronously in Spring?
• Answer: You can listen to events asynchronously by annotating the listener method with
@Async or by configuring an AsyncTaskExecutor.
116. How can you filter the events in Spring?
• Answer: You can filter events by using the ApplicationListener interface with custom logic or
by specifying @EventListener with a condition.
117. What is the role of @Async in event listeners?
• Answer: The @Async annotation allows an event listener method to be executed
asynchronously, freeing up the main thread to handle other requests.
118. Can Spring events be used for cross-cutting concerns like logging?
• Answer: Yes, Spring events can be used to handle cross-cutting concerns such as logging or
auditing by publishing and listening for specific events across the application.
5. Spring Messaging
119. What is the purpose of Spring AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)?
• Answer: Spring AMQP provides support for sending and receiving messages using AMQP-
compliant brokers like RabbitMQ. It allows for message-driven application architecture.
120. How would you configure a Spring application to use JMS (Java Message Service)?
• Answer: To use JMS in Spring, you need to configure a JmsTemplate, define a
ConnectionFactory, and set up destination queues or topics.
121. What is the role of @JmsListener in Spring JMS?
• Answer: @JmsListener is used to annotate methods that will listen for messages on a JMS
destination, such as a queue or topic.
122. How can you use Spring WebSocket for messaging in a Spring application?
• Answer: Spring WebSocket allows for bidirectional communication between the client and
server over a single, long-lived connection, enabling real-time messaging in web applications.
123. What is the difference between @MessageMapping and @RequestMapping in
Spring WebSocket?
• Answer: @MessageMapping is used for mapping WebSocket messages to handler methods,
while @RequestMapping is used for mapping HTTP requests to controller methods.
6. Spring Boot Starters
124. What is the purpose of spring-boot-starter-data-jpa?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-data-jpa is used to set up the Spring Data JPA configuration,
which simplifies the integration of JPA-based repositories in Spring Boot applications.
125. What does spring-boot-starter-web include?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-web includes dependencies for building web applications with
Spring MVC, embedded Tomcat, and support for RESTful services.
126. What is spring-boot-starter-actuator used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-actuator adds production-ready features to Spring Boot
applications, such as metrics, health checks, and application monitoring.
127. How does spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf help in developing a web application?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf integrates Thymeleaf as the templating engine,
allowing the development of dynamic web pages in Spring Boot applications.
128. What is the spring-boot-starter-test used for?
• Answer: spring-boot-starter-test includes libraries for testing Spring Boot applications,
including JUnit, Mockito, and Spring TestContext Framework.
7. Spring MVC
129. What is the difference between @RequestMapping and @GetMapping in Spring
MVC?
• Answer: @RequestMapping can handle all HTTP methods, while @GetMapping is a
specialized version of @RequestMapping for HTTP GET requests.
130. What is the purpose of @PathVariable in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @PathVariable is used to extract values from URI path segments and bind them to
method parameters in Spring MVC controller methods.
131. How would you configure Spring MVC to return a view instead of JSON?
• Answer: You can return a view (e.g., JSP or Thymeleaf template) by using the @Controller
annotation and returning the view name from a controller method.
132. What is @ResponseBody used for in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @ResponseBody is used to indicate that the return value of a method should be
written directly to the HTTP response body, typically as JSON or XML.
133. What is the purpose of @ExceptionHandler in Spring MVC?
• Answer: @ExceptionHandler is used to define methods that handle specific exceptions
thrown by controller methods, allowing custom error handling in Spring MVC.
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