Scribd
Upload
10 views4 pages

Audit Cource 2

ntg to say

Uploaded by

Nikhil Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views4 pages

Audit Cource 2

ntg to say

Uploaded by

Nikhil Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1.

Overview of LM35 :-

The LM35 is an integrated circuit (IC) temperature sensor that provides a linear
analog output proportional to the temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). Its main
features include:

 High accuracy and low power consumption.


 A simple three-pin configuration.
 Calibration directly in Celsius, with a 10 mV per °C linear output scale
factor.

2. Features of LM35 :-

 Accuracy: Typical accuracy of ±0.5°C at room temperature.


 Temperature Range: The LM35 can measure temperatures in a range of
-55°C to +150°C.
 Output Voltage: For every 1°C increase in temperature, the output
voltage increases by 10 mV.
 Low Self-Heating: It consumes very low power, typically around 60 µA,
which minimizes self-heating.
 Wide Power Supply Range: Operates from 4 to 30 volts.

3. Diagram of LM35 :-

1
4. Block Diagram of LM35 :-

5. Pin Configuration : -

The LM35 has three pins:

 Vcc (Pin 1): Power supply input (4V to 30V).


 Vout (Pin 2): Analog output voltage, which is proportional to the
temperature.
 GND (Pin 3): Ground.

6. Working Principle :-

The LM35 is a semiconductor-based temperature sensor. Inside, it uses a transistor-based


design where temperature changes cause variations in voltage across a diode junction. This
voltage is then amplified and output as an analog voltage signal.

The output voltage (VoutV_{out}Vout) directly corresponds to temperature. For example:

 At 0°C, VoutV_{out}Vout = 0 mV
 At 25°C, VoutV_{out}Vout = 250 mV
 At 100°C, VoutV_{out}Vout = 1,000 mV

2
This simple voltage-temperature relationship makes it easy to interpret the temperature
without complex calculations.

7. Calculating Temperature from Output Voltage :-

To calculate the temperature, you can use the formula:

For example, if the output is 300 mV, the temperature is:

8. Applications of LM35 :-

 Weather Stations: For measuring ambient temperature.


 HVAC Systems: To monitor temperature in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning systems.
 Industrial Automation: For temperature regulation in industrial
machines.
 Home Automation Systems: Common in smart thermostats and
temperature monitoring devices.
 Microcontroller Projects: Used with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and other
microcontrollers for temperature-related applications.

9. Advantages of LM35 :-

 Calibrated Output in °C: Eliminates the need for additional calculations


or conversions.
 Easy to Interface: Its three-pin design and analog output simplify
integration with other systems.
 High Accuracy: Reliable in environments with fluctuating temperatures.

 Low Cost: Affordable and widely available, making it popular for DIY
electronics projects.

3
10. Limitations of LM35 :-

 Limited Temperature Range: It may not be suitable for extremely high


or low temperatures.
 Analog Output: Requires an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) if used
with digital-only devices like some microcontrollers.
 Environmental Limitations: Susceptible to damage in harsh
environments unless properly shielded.

You might also like