❑1.

1 Hardware and software

 Learning objectives
 Define hardware as consisting of physical components of a computer system
 Identify internal hardware devices (e.g. motherboards, random access memory
(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), video cards, sound cards and internal hard disk
drives)
Week 3  Identify external hardware devices and peripherals (such as monitors, keyboards,
mice, printers as input and output devices and external storage devices in general)
 Suggested teaching activities
Types and components  Using one (or more if available) discarded PCs, dissect them to reveal what
components are inside. Pass the components around the classroom.
of  Highlight to learners these are the hardware components and they are so because
computer systems W & I) we can physically touch them.
 Ask learners what they notice about the components and what role they think each
one plays in the computing system.
 Ask learners to note, these components have been brought from inside the
computer system, so they are the internal hardware components.
 Ask learners to look around the classroom and observe as many external
hardware devices that they can. They could compete to see who can note down the
most correct external hardware device in one minute. (I)
 Looking at what is inside a computer: www.howstuffworks.com/inside-computer.htm

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 ❑1.1 Hardware and software … cont.
 Learning objectives
 Define software as programs for controlling the operation of a computer or
processing of electronic data
 Identify the two types of software – applications software and systems software
 Define applications software (e.g. word processing, spread sheet, database
management systems, control software, measuring software, applets and apps,
photo-editing software, video-editing software, graphics manipulation software)
 Define system software (e.g. compilers, linkers, device drivers, operating systems
Types and components and utilities)
of  Suggested teaching activities
computer systems …  Give learners a list of different tasks and ask them to identify:
 if they would need applications software or system software to complete the task
 what type of application software or system software.
 Demonstrate the use of an operating system to crate folders, save work, sort files.
 Demonstrate different types of application software such as word-processor,
database, spread sheet and DTP.
 BBC Bitesize page looking at operating systems and application software:
www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z8vrd2p/revisionBBC
 BBC Bitesize page on word processing software:
www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zjg9q6f/revision

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 Computer
Hardware Software
 Overview of Computer System System

 A computer system?
 is an electronic device that can take a set of inputs,
process them and create a set of outputs. This is
done by a combination of hardware and
software.
1.1 Hardware and software  The computer system has one or more inputs to
provide data. This data is then processed in some
way. The outcome of the processing is sent to an
output or it may be stored until some event happens
to cause it to be output.
 For processing to take place, there needs to be a set
of instructions of what needs to be done. This set of
instructions is called a program.

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 Hardware are the physical components/parts of the computer system
– the parts that you can touch, and see.
The hardware components of the computer system can either be found;
 Internally - motherboards, a CPU/processor, random access memory
(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), video cards, sound cards and
internal hard disk drives.
 Externally - keyboards, a monitor, mice, printers, plotters, projectors,
and all external storage devices in general.
Hardware

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 Internal hardware devices
Central processing Unit Is the 'brain of the computer’. Its purpose is to
process data.

Motherboard Is the circuit board where all the components of

the computer are connected.
Hardware …

Memory Used to store data temporarily or permanently on

the computer.

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 Internal hardware devices
Video graphics cards This device attaches to the motherboard to enable
the computer to display graphics.

Sound card The device that attaches to the motherboard to

enable the computer to input, process, and deliver
Hardware … sound

Internal hard disk Used to store information like software and files. It is
where the OS is stored.

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 Internal hardware devices
Network card This enables the computer to connect to a network
(internet connection) either through wireless signals
or a physical cable connection.

Optical disk drive The drive enables all optical disk drive (CD/DVD/Blu-
Ray) to run on the computer.

Hardware …

Power supply unit The is what powers the computer system. The power
supply connects to all the main components of the
computer system including the motherboard, hard
drive, optical drives etc.

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 External hardware devices
Input Hardware Devices – Collect data and send them
into the computer
E.g. keyboards, mice, sensors, microphones,
scanners, barcode readers, etc.

Output Hardware Devices – take out processed data

from the computer
Hardware … E.g. monitors, printers, plotters, projectors, speakers,
actuators.

External Storage Devices – used to store data externally

and for backup
E.g. external hard drive, memory card,
flash drive, CD/DVDs, etc.

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 Software are the sets of
instructions/programs/applications and
programming instructions that control the
computer.

These instructions tell the computer what to do and

enable you to use it for things such as games,
writing an essay, listening to music, etc.

Software
Software is not a physical thing (but it can of
course be stored on a physical medium such as a
CD-ROM), it is just a bunch of codes.

An operating system such as Windows XP or Mac

OS X, applications such as Microsoft Word, and
the instructions that control a robot are all
examples of software.

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 Application software and System software

Application software

These are the software that you use to Examples:

perform specific task such as: MS- Office – Word, Excel, Access, etc.
Word processing, Calculations, Adobe Suite – Reader, Illustrator,
Database, Measuring , Photo-editing, DreamWeaver, Creative Cloud,
Video-editing software , Graphics LightRoom, etc.
Software … manipulation , Playing games

Types of Software System software

These basically runs the computer works Examples:
and tells it what to do. • Operating System
• Utilities
Functions: • Compilers
• Operating systems to provide a user • Linkers
interface • Device Drivers
• Device drivers which allow hardware
components to work.
• Utility software which maintain the
computer performance
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 Application software examples

Definition Uses/Functions

a. Word Processors Used to manipulate text • Create New or edit

documents such as to prepare existing text
reports, school essays etc. documents.
• Formatting tools
• Create font styles
Software … • Importing
tables/images
Types of Software • Spell Check
• Copy/Paste
• Find/Replace
• Page layout
Application software • Translate into other
languages, etc.
b. Spreadsheets Use to create, organize and • Use of various formulas
manipulate numeric data placed to carry out set tasks
on a grid of rows and columns • Use to produce all
types of graphs
• Can perform modelling
and ‘what-if’
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calculations.
 Application software examples … cont.

Definition Uses/Functions

c. Databases Database is used to • Create a table so that records

organize, manipulate and can be inserted.
analyse data using in a • Run queries using search
table format. criteria to find specific data.
Software … • Create reports including
Types of Software labels from the search
criteria.

d. Photo editing Users can manipulate • Change brightness, contrast

Application Software digital photographs on a • Alter colour saturation or
E.gs. computer remove red eye
• CorelDraw • Change the features of a face
• Photoshop • Combine photos
• Alter images for more
interesting effects

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 Application software examples … cont.

Definition Uses/Functions

e. Graphics Allows bitmap and • Pixels in bitmap images can be

Manipulation vector images to be changed to produce a different image.
changed. • Vector images use:
• Lines
Software … • Curves
• Text
Types of Software f. Video Editing Used to manipulate • Addition of titles, colour correction and
videos to produce an altering/adding sound to the original
E.g.
- Microsoft Movie edited video using video.
Maker
various techniques • Rearranging, adding and/or removing
Application Software and tools. of sections of video/sound clips.
• Applying colour correction, filters and
other video enhancements.
• Creating transitions between clips in
the video footage.
• Split and Trim videos
• Create split screens
• Rearranging order of clips. Using video
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enhancement techniques
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 Application software examples … cont.

Definition Uses/Functions

g. Apps (i.e. Phone

Applications)
These are the • Games (Angry Birds)
software which runs • Video/Music Streaming (YouTube)
on mobile phones or • Social Media (Facebook, Twitter,
tablets. They usually Instagram)
Software … come with the phone
or can be downloaded
• Communication (Whats App, Viber)
• Camera (Editing images)
Types of Software and updated. • GPS (Satellite navigation)
• Health/ Fitness
h. Control and Measuring and Measuring
Measuring Software
control software • Sensors take readings which are
Application Software which are processed by the computer or
responsible for microprocessor.
changing physical Control Software
conditions in • By comparing sensor readings to a pre-
an environment. set level the control software will
decide on an output (For example to
increase or decrease the heat in a green
house.
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 System software examples

Operating Systems Utilities

Manages computers functions Help to manage and maintain

including hardware devices computer resources and
(input/output). Also provides performance by running specific
users with a GUI interface tasks.

Software …
Types of Software System
Software
System Software
Compilers Linkers Device Drivers

Translates a program in high and Allows hardware devices to

Combines object files
assembly languages to machine run on the computer
language which can be produced by a complier including printers, sound,
understood by the computer. into a single program. graphics and network cards.

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  Fast – the speed of a computer is determined by the number of
bytes the processor can process within a second, which is measured in
hertz (Hz). The modern computers can process billions of instructions
in a second (e.g. 2.4GHz).
 Accuracy – its output is always accurate and dependable when both
the input data and the processing program are correct. However, the
Characteristics computer operates on the principle of GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage
Out).
of
 Versatility – computers can perform different tasks at the same time
Computers and hence can be used or is fit t be used in schools, hospitals, banks,
government offices, churches, etc.
 Reliability – much more reliable than using human/manual
operations.
 Flexibility – can handle much data without any danger to the
system.

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 1. ______ can simply be regarded as the component of the computer that can be physically handled
A. software
B. hardware
C. memory
D. disk
2. Computer characteristics of being able to perform different tasks is regarded as ____________
A. Accuracy
B. Reliability
Evaluation C. Versatility
D. Speed
3. In a computer the set of instruction that direct it in performing a particular task is called

Assignment on A.
B.
Information
Program
1.1 Hardware & Software C. Data
D. File
4. Which among the following is not a peripheral hardware device in a computer system?
A. A. Keyboard
B. B. Optical Drive
C. C. HDD (Hrd Disk Drive)
D. D. Printer

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 Answer all the questions. All questions carry equal marks
1. Define computer
2. A computer system is classified into …….. and ………. Components. List three
examples each.
3. State four characteristics of a computer
4. Describe the difference between Application and System Software?
 Application software are designed to allow users to complete specific tasks. For example a
Word Processor is used to write a letter.
 System software is used to manage and maintain the computer system. An operating system
such as Windows 10 is used to manage the functions of the computer system.
Evaluation 5. State the differences between the hardware and software
 Hardware are the physical components which make up the computer system.
 Software is a collection of instructions that can be ‘run’ on a computer. These instructions tell
the computer what to do.

6. Briefly explain the following terms:

a. Application software
b. System software
c. Spreadsheet package
d. Database package
e. Word processing package [10 marks]

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 Answer all the questions. All questions carry equal marks
1. Define computer 2
2. A computer system is classified into …….. and ………. Components.
List three examples each. 8
Assignment
3. State four characteristics of a computer 4
4. Describe the difference between Application and System Software?2
5. State the differences between the hardware and software 2

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 Evaluation See attached on the Teams platform;
on  Worksheet on hardware & Software 1.pptx
1.1 Hardware & Software
 Worksheet on hardware & Software 2.pptx

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 ❑1.2 The Main Components of Computer Systems

 Learning objectives
 Describe the Central Processing Unit (CPU) including its role
 Describe internal memory, i.e. ROM and RAM and the differences between
them
Types and components  Define input and output devices and describe the difference between them
of
computer systems …  Define secondary/backing storage

 Suggested teaching activities

 Ask learners to produce a diagrammatic representation of the workings of a
computer. They must research the roles of the CPU, ROM, RAM and represent
how data is processed and stored. (I)
 Give learners a list of statements about the main components of a computing
system. The learners have to identify if the facts are true or false.

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 1. The Central
Processing
Unit (CPU)

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 The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Is the 'brain of the computer’. Its purpose is to process data.
 It is where all the searching, sorting, calculating and decision making takes
place in the computer.
 So ANYTHING you do on your computer, the CPU is the one responsible for
making that to happen.

The  The speed of a CPU is measured in Hertz (Hz).

Central Processing Unit Hertz is the number of actions the CPU can perform every second.
(CPU)  1 Megahertz (MHz) is 1,000,000 (1 million) Hertz
 1 Gigahertz (GHz) is 1,000,000,000 (1 billion) Hertz

Modern and fast CPUs run at around 2.8GHz and above. That means it can
perform almost 3 billion actions every second!
 Intel and AMD are the most popular CPU brands.

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 1. Control Unit – controls the flow of data within the CPU, monitors the
hardware attached to the system to make sure that the commands given to
it by the application software are used and controls the input and output
of data so that the signals go to the right place at the right time
2. Immediate Access Store (RAM) - this holds the data and programs
Parts of a CPU needed at any instant by the Control Unit. The data and programs needed
by the CPU are first of all loaded into main memory then the CPU fetches
and makes use of it when needed.
3. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) - This is where the computer processes
data either by manipulating it or acting upon it. It consists of two parts:
 Arithmetic part - which does exactly what you think it should - it performs the
calculations on the data e.g. 3 + 2 = 5
 Logic part - this deals with logic and comparisons. For example, it works out if
one value is greater, less than or equal to another.

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  Also called primary memory or main memory. Examples are the RAM and
ROM.
 They are mainly used to store data temporarily. Data can be put into the
2. The Internal Memories – main memory and read back from it very quickly.
RAM, ROM and Cache
 Main memories are fast to access but only hold data temporarily.

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  Describe with images the RAM, ROM and cache memories
 List five properties of the RAM
Class project  List five properties of the ROM
 List 2 or 3 properties of the cache memories

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  Read Only Memory (ROM)
 is a special kind of memory that stores the instructions/programs the
computer uses to 'boots up' - the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). It allows it
to check the type of hard disk installed, the amount of RAM installed (see
next page), the type of CPU being used etc.
 It is non-volatile (which means that its contents are not lost when computer is
turned off).
2. The Internal Memories –
RAM, ROM and Cache
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Stores the data that is being processed by the CPU
 Is volatile (which means that its contents are lost when computer is turned off).

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 Differences/features between ROM and RAM
ROM RAM
ROM is ‘non-volatile’ (retains its data even RAM is a ‘volatile memory’ - its contents
without power) disappear and are lost when the computer is
off.
It is 'read only’ - it can be read but not It is a ‘read-write memory’ – users can
changed by the user. change or add to its contents.
2. The Internal Memories –
RAM, ROM and Cache … It is ‘non-removable’ storage – i.e. It is ‘removable’ storage – i.e. attached to
attached to the Motherboard the Motherboard permanently.
permanently.
ROM is a ‘permanent’ storage – its data RAM is a temporary memory – it only stores
are not erased when the computer is data when the computer is on – the OS
switched off. software, the application software currently
being used, and other data that is being
processed, etc.
RAM enables computer users to have
multiple windows open and so that they can
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 3. Cache

Impact of Cache is the fastest type of Memory. It is located between the

2. The Internal Memories –
Emerging
RAM, ROM and Cache…
processor and the RAM.
Technologies …
• Cache collects data from the RAM.
• Holds the commonly used data.
• It will automatically transfer the next set of data from the
RAM in to the Cache so that it can be processed by the CPU.

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 How the main memories work

• Applications are installed in the Secondary Storage (Hard drive).

• Temporary data from Applications in use are held in the Main Memory.

Impact of • The CPU will first check the Cache for the required piece of the data so that it can be
2. The Internal Memories – processed.
Emerging
RAM, ROM and Cache…
•
Technologies … If the data is not in the cache then the CPU will check the RAM and transfer data to the
CPU.

• The Cache will then transfer the next piece of data from the RAM into Cache.

• The CPU will again check the Cache for the next piece of data. This time the CPU will be able
to get the data from the Cache Memory.

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 Devices need to be connected to a computer to allow data to be inputted and
outputted.
The general name for these extra devices is ‘peripheral devices’. They are
categorised into input devices, output devices and storage devices.

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

Impact
3. Input of
and Output They pass data into the They take data from the
computer.
Emerging
Devices and Their They all take information from
computer.
They all take information from
See next slide/page
Differences …
Technologies the outside world (key presses, the computer and convert it into
hand movements, images), real world things (images, paper
convert them into data and then hardcopy, sound).
send this data into the
computer for processing.

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  Backing storage (sometimes known as secondary storage) is the
name for all other data storage devices (except the Ram, ROM and
Cache) that can store data in a computer.
 Examples are hard drive, a CD-ROM, a floppy disc, a USB memory
stick, etc.
4. Secondary/ Features of Secondary storage
 non-volatile so data that is stored on these devices remains there
Backing safely for a long time.
storage  Removable
 They are also slow to access, but can hold data permanently...
 Read and write storage media
 Users tend to make copies of original files on
backing storage.

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 1. The circuitry pathway on the motherboard can be simply regarded as ______
A. Bus
B. Driver
C. Lines
D. Signal

2. Which of the following is not part of the CPU hardware sections

A. Main memory
B. Control unit
Evaluation I C. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
D. CMOS battery

3. What section are the mathematical operations carried out in the CPU?
A. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
B. Control unit
C. Main memory
D. None of the above

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 Describe the difference between the Cache, RAM & ROM?
Cache RAM (Random Access memory) ROM (Read only memory)
Fastest, CPU, Common Temporary data, volatile Read Only, Bootup &
Data (data lost on startup) Nonvolatile (Data not
lost)
Evaluation II The Cache memory is the fastest type of memory. It is located between the CPU and
RAM. It holds commonly used data.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile type of memory which means all data is
lost on startup.

In contrast ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile which means data is not lost on
startup. The ROM memory is Read Only and contains boot up instructions. The RAM
memory hold temporary data which is processed by the CPU.

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  Describe what is backing storage (secondary storage)

Backing storage also known as secondary storage is non-volatile which

Evaluation III means that data is not lost when computer is turned off. An example of
backing storage is a fixed hard drive. Data is stored for a long time
and can be accessed at any point (Read and write).
Users tend to make copies of original files on backing storage.

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 Evaluation See attached on the Teams platform;
on Worksheet on Main Components of Computer
1.2 Main Components
of Computer Systems Systems.pptx

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 ❑1.3 Operating Systems

 Learning objectives
 Define and describe operating systems which contain a Command Line
Interface (CLI)
Types and components  Define and describe operating systems which contain a Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
of
computer systems …  Describe the differences, including the benefits and drawbacks, between
operating systems which contain a CLI and those which contain a GUI
 Suggested teaching activities
 Using two simple tasks that can be done on a computer every day, e.g.
opening a document and saving a document. Compare carrying out these
tasks on GUI to carrying them out on a CLI. It would be best to represent this
through the use of Windows for a GUI and the command line in Windows for
CLI.

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 Provides an interface Manages input,
between the user and output and backing
the hardware devices.

1.3 Operating Coordinate hardware Functions of

Helping save,
organise, find and
System components Operating System
delete files

They provide security

Provide environment for
software applications to and prevents
function unauthorised
access to a system

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  Windows OS (Xp, 7, Vista, 8, 10,
etc)
1.3 Operating  Mac-OS X
System …  Linux
 Unix
Examples of  Android, etc
OS  DOS prompt

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  Operating systems provide the user interface by
which users can interact with the computer.
 We shall be looking at the folowing types of
1.3 Operating interfaces;
System …  Command Line Interface (CLI)
 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 Dialogue- Based Interface
 Gesture-Based Interface

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  GUI (Graphical User Interface) is an user interface built around
graphics. GUIs are quite easy to use due to the visual nature of the
interface.
 The user has lots of visual clues as to what things do.
1.3 Operating  Features
System …  Windows – areas for displaying information

 Icons -small images used to represent files/folders or applications

User Interfaces - GUI
 Menus - lists of options or applications users can select from

 Pointers –Mouse pointer can be used to select and open

files/applications

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  Post GUI (GUI) Touch Screen Technology
 Post GUI allows the use of touch screen

1.3 Operating
System …
 Post GUI allows the use of pinching, scrolling, expanding
User Interfaces - GUI

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  Command Line Interface (CLI)
 CLI requires the user to enter
1.3 Operating command prompts to interact
with the computer.
System …  CLI are normally used by
expert users as it allows them
to is more complicated to use.
User Interfaces – CLI  CLI and is not restricted to a
number of predetermined
options.

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 Differences between CLI and GUI

CLI GUI

CLI is difficult to use. Whereas it is easy to use.

It consumes low memory. While consumes more memory.

1.3 Operating In CLI we can obtain high precision. While in it, low precision is obtained.
System …
CLI is faster than GUI. The speed of GUI is slower than CLI.

User Interfaces
CLI operating system needs only While GUI operating system need
keyboard. both mouse and keyboard.

CLI’s appearance can not be While it’s appearance can be

modified or changed. modified or changed.

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 Differences between CLI and GUI

CLI GUI

In CLI, input is entered only at While in GUI, input can be entered

command prompt. anywhere on the screen.

While in GUI, the information is

In CLI, the information is shown or
shown or presented to the user in any
1.3 Operating presented to the user in plain text
form such as: plain text, videos,
and files.
System … images, etc.
In CLI, there are no menus provided. While in GUI, menus are provided.
User Interfaces There are no graphics in CLI. While in GUI, graphics are used.

While it uses pointing devices for

CLI do not use any pointing devices.
selecting and choosing items.

In CLI, spelling mistakes and typing Whereas in GUI, spelling mistakes

errors are not avoided. and typing errors are avoided.
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 1. Define an Operating System [3 marks]
2. Give two examples of Operating System [2 marks]
3. Describe the main functions of the operating system?
Answer: The operating system provides the user interface which allows the user to
interact with the system. In addition the operating system provides security and
prevents unauthorised access to a system. Files and folders can be created and
organised.
Furthermore, the operating system allows users to load, run and store applications
also decides what should be loaded into the computer memory (RAM). The operating
Evaluation system also manages the input/output/storages devices.

4. Discuss the difference between a CLI and GUI interface?

Answer: The GUI (Graphical user interface) allows the users to interact with the
interface by using a pointer to select windows, icons and menu options. The GUI will
have visual aids which it make it easier for users to learn how to use the interface. On
the other hand users are required to enter command prompts to interact with the CLI
(Command Line Interface). The command prompts have to be learned by the user
and entered correctly. This would make the CLI interface more challenging to for the
user to learn. However the advantage of using the CLI for expert users is that you
are not restricted to pre-determined options which would be the case in the GUI.
This would allow for greater freedom when using the CLI.
9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 48
 See attached on the Teams platform;
 Worksheet on Operating Systems1.docx
Evaluation  Worksheet on Operating Systems 2.docx
 Worksheet on Operating Systems 3.pptx

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 49

 ❑1.4 Types of Computer
 Learning objectives
 Describe the characteristics of a personal/desktop computer and its uses, both as
a standalone and networked computer
 Describe the characteristics of a laptop computer and what it is used for, both as a
standalone and networked computer
 Describe the characteristics of a tablet computer and what it is used for, including
its ability to use wireless technology or 3G/4G technology
Types and components  Describe the computer characteristics of a smartphone and what it is used for in
of computing term
computer systems …  Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of computer in
comparison with the others
 Suggested teaching activities
ss 1d  Give learners a number of scenarios from different people. The scenarios should
describe what tasks the person wants to carry out and important information about
what they do. Learners should recommend the most suitable computing device for
them to use and the reason(s) why. (I)
 Ask learners to think of tasks they perform everyday on their smartphones. Ask
them to think about how these tasks were carried out before we had smartphones,
then expand this to before we had mobile phones. (I)
 Compares the use of tablets to the use of laptops:
http://uk.pcmag.com/laptops/13430/feature/laptops-vs-tablets-the-ultimate-
showdown

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 50

 The characteristics of a personal/desktop computer and its uses

• A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and

price make it feasible for individual use.
• Personal computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather
than by a computer expert or technician.
• Unlike the large, costly minicomputers and mainframes, time-sharing by many
people at the same time is not used with personal computers.
1.4 Types of Computers

- Personal/Desktop Standalone Networked

• Can be used as a standalone • Share resources

computer in your home for personal • Share files
or work use. • Shared Drives
• Tends to be connected to own printer • Central Storage
and internet connection. • Online Gaming

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 51

 The characteristics of a laptop computer and what it is used for (standalone and
networked)
• Is a small personal computer.
• They are designed to be more portable than traditional desktop computers, with
many of the same abilities.
• Laptops are able to be folded flat for transportation and have a built-in keyboard
and touchpad.

1.4 Types of Computers

- Laptops
Standalone Networked

Can be used for either personal or work • Connect to Internet

use for; • Share resources
• Completing work • Share files
• Communication • Shared Drives
• Gaming • Central Storage
• Online Gaming

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 The characteristics of a tablet computer and what it is used for (wireless and
3G/4G)

• A tablet computer (a.k.a tablet), is a mobile device, typically with a mobile

operating system and touchscreen display and no keyboard, and a rechargeable
battery in a single, thin and flat package.
• They make use of SIM cards to give it access to the cellular network.
• They can do what other personal computers do, but lack some input/output (I/O)
1.4 Types of Computers abilities that others have.
• Modern tablets resemble smartphones, the only differences is that tablets are
-Tablet Computers larger than smartphones.
Wireless 3G/4G

Tablets are able to connect to 4G is a mobile communications

any wireless networks. standard intended to replace
3G, allowing wireless Internet
Users are able to use the access at a much higher speeds.
internet as long as they are in
range. Would allow for internet
connection on the move.
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 The characteristics of smart phones and what it is used for in computing terms

• Smart phones can use traditional methods to make phones calls and send
messages using mobile network.
• Smart phones have operating systems which allows them to run multiple
applications.
• Like the Tablets Computers Smart Phones have many features including:
• Touch Technology
• Internet connection (Wireless/3G/4G)
• Sensors
1.4 Types of Computers • Cameras

Uses
- Smart Phones
• Sending and receiving of emails, text, photographs and multimedia messages
• Registering contacts
• Calculator, currency, alarm, etc. functions
• Browsing the internet using a mobile browser
• Playing games
• Video chat
• Point of sale terminal when paying for goods or services
• Barcode scanning
• creating high quality photographs or video
• Determining user's exact location utilizing GPS (global positioning system) satellites
9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 54
 Type of computer Advantages Disadvantages

Desktop/Personal • Always connected to the mains. • Not portable

Computer • Monitors can come in any sizes • Takes up more desk space.
• Can be upgraded and parts easily • Separate components like keyboard,
replaced. mouse, monitor, speakers etc.
• Tend to have a higher specifications • Loose cables which could be trip
than laptop computers. hazards.

The advantages Laptop computer • Its portable due to small size and
weight.
• Limited battery life.
• Laptops are difficult to repair and
and • Battery can be recharged.
• Can connect wireless to internet.
upgrade.
• Can be stolen or lost.

disadvantages • No loose cables. All components

connected together.
• Some users find it difficult to use
pointing device

of Tablet computer • High definition anti glare display.

• Wireless , 3G/4G & Bluetooth
• Limited memory compared to
laptops.
each type connection.
• Data can backed up or synchronised
• Expensive to use 3G/4G internet
• Typing can be more difficult

of with other devices.

• Touch screen technology
compared to a normal keyboard.
• Not all files are compatible with
• Battery life longer than a mobile tablets.
computer phone.
Smart phone • Small in size and easier to carry • Small screens make it difficult to
around. read.
• Can be used whilst on the move • Battery life is short
using wireless or 3G/4G Connectivity. • Could be misplaced or stolen
• Touch screen technology • Limited storage/memory compared
to other types of computers.
• Slow data transfer rates
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 See attached on the Teams platform;
Evaluation  Worksheet on Types of Computers.docx

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 56

  Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of computer?

 A desktop computer (PC) is always connected to a power source so you do not

have to worry about the battery running out. In addition a PC is easier to
upgrade as individual components can be replaced. Furthermore the PC tends
have a higher performance compared to laptop, tablet and smart phones.
However the PC is not portable and loose cables could be a trip hazard. More
desk space is required for the PC and separate components such a mouse and
keyboard would have to be purchased also. The main advantage of using the
laptop computer is that it is portable and it does not need to be connected to a
power source all the time. However the battery is limited and would require a
Evaluation regular charge. Some users may also find using the touch pad quite difficult to
maneuver the pointer on the screen. However no additional components would
have to be purchased as the touchpad, keyboard and screen are built into the
monitor. On the other hand the laptop could be lost or stolen. The Tablet is even
more portable than the laptop and tends to have a longer battery life compared
the laptop and smartphone. In addition It can either connect to the internet
wirelessly or via mobile networks. In contrast the screen is smaller on a
tablet and it may be more difficult to create resources compared to laptop or PC.
The smart phone is more portable than a tablet and like the tablet can connect to
internet either wirelessly or through the mobile networks. The performance and
storage of the smart phone will be limited compared to the other computers. Some
users may also find it difficult the touch screen difficult to use due to the smaller
screen.
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  Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a
teacher of using a tablet computer instead of another
type of computer.

 The advantage of using a tablet device in the class

room is that it is more portable than a PC or laptop.
Internet can be accessed in most places either
Evaluation wirelessly or via mobile networks (4G). However the
tablet will have a smaller screen than a monitor or
screen on a laptop. In addition the tablet is not as
portable as a smart phone. On the other hand specific
applications may be used to help the students interact
with the lesson. Nevertheless it may prove more difficult
to create worksheets and lesson resources on the tablet
compared to using a PC or laptop.
9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 58
 See attached on the Teams platform;
Unified Test  Christmas Term – Unified Test Question Paper

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 59

 ❑1.5 Impact of Emerging Technology
 Learning objectives
 Describe how emerging technologies are having an impact on everyday life
(e.g. artificial intelligence biometrics, vision enhancement, robotics, quantum
cryptography, computer-assisted translation, 3D and holographic imaging,
virtual reality)
Types and components  Suggested teaching activities
of  Give learners a case study about the benefits and drawbacks of 3D printing
computer systems … and discuss as a whole class, e.g. prosthetic/artificial limbs.
 Extension activity: Ask learners to research the Edward Snowdon case and
the exposure of encryption keys being forced to be revealed. Ask them to
discuss in groups how they feel about this and do they agree with it.
 Developing 3D printed artificial limbs. These are for war veterans that have
lost limbs in combat: www.wired.com/2014/03/next-big-thing-missed-bionic-
limbs-3d-printed-worlds-war-wounded/
 News US and Canada: www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-23123964

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 60

 Lesson outlines:
✓Describe and discuss how emerging technologies are having an impact
on everyday life:
✓Artificial Intelligence (AI)
✓Biometrics
Impact of Emerging ✓Vision Enhancement
Technologies ✓Robotics
(W & I) ✓Quantum Cryptography
✓Computer-assisted Translation
Key Words: ✓3D and Holographic Imaging
Cloud, E-book, E-book ✓3D Printing
reader, ✓Virtual Reality
Remote, Share,
✓ Cloud Computing
Streaming, Google Docs
✓ E-books.

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 61

 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Is computer systems that can simulate human intelligence
(able to make decisions typically made by a human).

Examples:

✓ The PR2 robot is being programmed to complete a number of specific

Impact of Emerging Technologies tasks just like a human.
…
✓ Deep Blue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM.
It is known for being the first piece of artificial intelligence to win both a
chess game against a reigning world champion.

✓ Self-parking cars currently on the market are not completely

independent, but they do make parallel parking much easier.

As seen in the movies AI could be potentially used in the military and police force.

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos

• However the issue would be whether a robot could demonstrate empathy in certain situations 62
 2. Biometrics
Biometrics authentication is used as a form of identification which recognises
individuals body parts. Biometrics uses unique characteristics of the human which
means it can not be replicated by other people.

❑ Finger Printing
Impact of • Staff can scan their finer prints to sign in and out of work.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging…
• Police can use finger print to authenticate an individual’s identity.
• Some laptops use finger prints biometrics to gain access to the system
Technologies … ❑ Eye Recognition
• The iris of the eye is scanned for recognition purposes.
• No physical contact is required to scan the iris which may be useful in some cultures.
• Immigration at airports use eye recognition to prevent people travelling with fraudulent
documentation

❑ Facial recognition and

❑ Voice recognition are also other forms of biometrics. The main purpose of biometrics is to
improve security with regards to access to computer systems.

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 3. Vision Enhancement
This uses video technology which is projected to the user though the lens. The system
can bring distant objects closer and into focus.

Impact of
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging
…
Technologies … • The vision enhancement system amplifies infrared light so that an image can be
clearly seen even in darkness.

• Militaries across the world use this technology to complete missions and carry
out surveillance at night

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 4. Robotics
Robotics are used commonly in the manufacturing industry typically completing
labour intensive jobs.
They can be programmed to complete specific tasks or used manually.

❑ Benefits of robots
Impact of • No human intervention is required once the robot has been programmed.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging
… • Robots can complete tasks with more precision including robotic surgery.
• Robots can work in extreme conditions or environments
Technologies …
❑ How Robots are used factories

• Lift heavy items into from place to place

• Assemble parts together to create things
• Join parts together using glue, or by welding (melting metal)
• Paint items

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 5. Quantum Cryptography
This is a technology that enables for secured communications whilst online.
Commonly use in online shopping and banking website to secure data.

Impact of
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging
…
Technologies …

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 6 . C o m p u t e r - a s s i s t e d Tr a n s l a t i o n
Google Translate is an example of computer assisted translation. The human user can
either type or speak into a microphone.
The information will then be translated in to the selected language

Impact of
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging
…
Technologies …

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 7. 3D and Holographic Imaging

This is a technology that allows 3D images to be produced. A holographic image

moves in the same way as the original image in three dimensions (3D)

How Holograms are created:

Impact of
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging • Splitting a laser beam.
… • Half the light (object beam) is
Technologies … reflected of the object onto a
photographic plate
• The other half of the light
(reference beam) is reflected off
a mirror onto the same
photographic plate .
• The hologram is produced when
the two light beams meet on the
9/28/2023
photographic plate
Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 68
 8. 3D Printing

Give learners a case study about the

benefits and drawbacks of 3D printing
and discuss as a whole class, e.g.
Impact of prosthetic/artificial limbs.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging
… Developing 3D printed artificial limbs.
Technologies … These are for war veterans that have
lost limbs in combat:
www.wired.com/2014/03/next-big-
thing-missed-bionic-limbs-3d-printed-
worlds-war-wounded/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx
0Z6LplaMU

News US and Canada:

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 69
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-
 9. Virtual Reality
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=HBNH8tzs This is an artificial environment that is created with software. The user will normally
fVM wear a head mounted display which will simulates their physical presence in places in
the real world or imaginary worlds.
Hardware used in VR

Impact of Emerging Technologies Uses: Input

… • Wand or joystick
• Training: Allow professionals to conduct training in a
Impact of virtual environment without the threat of any physical
• Treadmill
• Pressure mats
harm.
Emerging • Education: Looking inside of an ancient building or ruins
• Data/tactile gloves with sensors
• device (HMD)/Microphones
• Computer Games: users are able to immerse themselves
Technologies … into a gaming platform.
• Steering/gaming wheels/consoles
• Pedals
• Sports: It is used as an aid to measuring athletic • Paddles
performance as well as analysing technique • Cameras
• Construction: An organisation can not only render the • Motion sensors
resulting structure in 3D but also experience them as they • Joystick / controllers / driving wheel
would in the real world.
• Virtual museums Output
• Virtual theme parks • Headset/head mounted displays/goggles
• Virtual tours • Speaker/headphones
• Design of sports clothing • Monitor/projector
• Flight simulation • Olfactory devices
• Battlefield/combat simulation • Haptic/tactile
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C r e a t etraining
d by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos • Virtual Retina Display (VRD) 70
• Driving simulation
 10. Cloud Computing

This is where users store their documents, programs and data on the Internet rather than on
their own computers with internet connections.

Impact of Emerging Technologies

… Uses: Advantages:
Impact of • Streaming music: where users play the • Lower cause because many programs in
Emerging audio directly from the Internet server
where it is stored
the cloud are free.
• More accessibility
Technologies … • Google Docs: is a free software on the • Saves time
internet (spreadsheets, word • Increased storage space
processors, presentation and drawing • Backups
programs). It is useful for group projects • Sharing of data from any location
because group members can work on
the document without been in the Disadvantages:
same room . • Security risks
• Google drive • Less accessibility
• Microsoft One Drive • Quality of software
• Etc. • Increased costs
9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 71
 11. Electronic books and Online newspapers

Impact of Emerging Technologies

…
• These are digital versions of traditional
printed publications.
Impact of • Are readable on a variety of electronic Advantages:
Emerging devices such as:
• Desktop PC’s
• Less paper
• Saves storage space.
Technologies … • Laptops • cheaper to buy
• I-Pads • Instant access to books and newspapers
• Phones
• Amazon Kindles (known as ‘e-book
readers' or 'e-readers’ ) Disadvantages:
• Health and safety
• E-books are created to replace • Piracy
many of old printed books, while some • Usability
new publications are created only • High initial costs
as e-books with no printed versions at
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allC .r e a t e d b y A n o z i e C . ( I C T , D o w e n C o l l e g e Lagos
 Nov 2016, Paper 11
 9 Virtual reality has an impact on everyday life.
(a) Name two devices that could be used with a virtual reality system.
1 ........................................................................................................................... .....................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................... .....................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Virtual reality systems tend to be associated with gaming, but they are used in many different
areas in everyday life.
Give two uses for virtual reality in everyday life.
1 ........................................................................................................................... .....................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................... .....................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
ANSWER
9 (a) Two from:
Wand or joystick
Treadmill
Pressure mats
Evaluation Data gloves
Headset/head mounted displays/Head mounted device(HMD)
Goggles
Steering/gaming wheels/consoles
Pedals
Paddles
Cameras
Motion sensors [2]

(b) Two from, for example:

Virtual museums
Virtual theme parks
Design of sports clothing
Flight simulation
Battlefield/combat simulation
Virtual tours
Medical training
Walkthroughs
Driving simulation
Any reasonable answers [2]
9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 73
 Nov 2017, Paper 12
 2 Complete the following sentences, using the most appropriate
technology from the list below.
a 3D printer artificial intelligence batch processing biometrics
a dot matrix printer a microphone a password a robot
a scanner a speaker
(a) A printer that is capable of producing physical objects is called
.........................................................................................................[1]
(b) The use of a computer to perform tasks that mimic or duplicate
the functions of the human brain is called
.........................................................................................................[1]
(c) A device used in a car production line to assemble a car is called
.........................................................................................................[1]
(d) Authentication techniques that use fingerprints or retina scans is
called
.........................................................................................................[1]
 ANSWER 2(a) a 3D printer 1

2(b) artificial intelligence 1

2(c) a robot 1

9/28/2023 C r e a t e d b y A n o z i 2(d)
e C biometrics
. ( I C T , D1o w e n C o l l e g e L a g o s 74
 ANSWER
 June 2018, Paper 11
 14 Many computer systems use
virtual reality. 14(a) Two from:
(a) Explain what is meant by virtual Three-dimensional, computer generated environment
reality. It can be explored and interacted with, by a person
................................................................. Can manipulate objects or perform a series of actions
............................................ Replicates an environment
Makes use of the sensory experience
................................................................. 2
.................................................................
.................................................................
.....................................................
.................................................................
................................................................. 14(b) Two from:
......... [2] Virtual reality headset / head mounted display / Virtual reality
(b) Name two pieces of hardware goggles
used in virtual reality systems. Speakers / headphone
1.............................................................. The tactile glove
Joystick / controllers / driving wheel
............................................. 2
2..............................................................
.........................................[2]

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 75

  June 2018, Paper 12
 4(c) A security process that uses photons to enable secure
communication is called
.............................................................................................................................
.............. [1]
 ANSWER

quantum cryptography 1

9/28/2023 Created by Anozie C. (ICT, Dowen College Lagos 76

 June 2018, Paper 12
 14 Some smartphones connected to the internet can allow the user to point their
phone’s camera at an object or image to display information about it on the phone’s
screen. The object acts like an item in a search engine. This is called augmented
reality.
One example of its use is in mobile games, where the user tries to catch characters
from the game as the characters appear to walk in the streets.
Explain, using examples, other ways in which augmented reality could be used in
everyday life.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
Max three types of use from:
Gather information
 ANSWER Can be used as a direction finder
Visualise what something will look like in real life
Could be used for facial recognition
Max three examples from:
Examples of gathering information about a building / painting / products
Giving information about the area you are moving in / finding your way in an
airport / railway station / shopping mall etc.
Used by archeologists / architects / interior designers / try on clothes / trying
makeup / colour of clothing / placing furniture point it at a word to link to the
thesaurus / get its meaning / translation / modern landscape / room
9/28/2023 C r e a t e d b y A n o z i e Used
C . ( by
I C the
T , police
D o w eto
n recognise
C o l l e g esuspects
Lagos 77
4
 TOPIC YEAR PAPER QUESTION
1. Types And Components Of June 2016 11 2, 3
Computer Systems June 2016 12 2. 4c. 18
Nov 2016 11 1a,b,c,d. 2a,b,c. 9a,b
Nov 2016 12 2a,b
Nov 2016 13 1, 2a,b,c
June 2017 11 1a,b,c,d, 3, 14
June 2017 13 2
Nov 2017 11 5b
IGCSE ICT Nov 2017
Nov 2017
12
13
2a,b,c,d. 15
1b,d, 2

PAST PAPERS June 2018

June 2018
11
12
1b, 14a,b
1a,b,c,d, 4c, 14
June 2018 13 1a,b,c, 2
Nov 2018 11 6
Nov 2018 12 1, 5
Nov 2018 13 1

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