Exercise: Classes and Objects

This document defines the exercises for the "Python Fundamentals" course at @SoftUni Global
Please submit your solutions (source code) to all the below-described problems in Judge.
Note: Submit only the classes in the judge system for all tasks. Test your classes with your code to see if they work
correctly.

1. Storage
Create a class Storage. The __init__ method should accept one parameter - the capacity of the storage.
The Storage class should also have an attribute called storage - empty list, where all the items will be stored.
The class should have two additional methods:
 add_product(product: str) - adds the product in the storage if there is enough space for it
 get_products() - returns the storage list

Example
Test Code Output
storage = Storage(4) ["apple", "banana", "potato",
storage.add_product("apple" "tomato"]
)
storage.add_product("banana
")
storage.add_product("potato
")
storage.add_product("tomato
")
storage.add_product("bread"
)
print(storage.get_products(
))

2. Weapon
Create a class Weapon. The __init__ method should receive a number of bullets (integer). Create an
attribute called bullets to store that number. The class should also have the following methods:
 shoot()
o If there are bullets in the weapon, reduce them by 1 and return a message "shooting..."
o If there are no bullets left, return: "no bullets left"
 __repr__()
o Returns "Remaining bullets: {amount_of_bullets}"
o You can read more about the method here: link

Example
Test Code Output
weapon = Weapon(5) shooting...
print(weapon.shoot()) shooting...
print(weapon.shoot()) Remaining bullets: 3

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 print(weapon) shooting...
print(weapon.shoot()) shooting...
print(weapon.shoot()) shooting...
print(weapon.shoot()) no bullets left
print(weapon.shoot()) Remaining bullets: 0
print(weapon)

3. Catalogue
Create a class Catalogue. The __init__ method should accept the name of the catalogue (string). Each
catalogue should also have an attribute called products, an empty list. The class should also have three more
methods:
 add_product(product_name: str) - adds the product to the products' list
 get_by_letter(first_letter: str) - returns a list containing only the products that start with
the given letter
 __repr__ - returns the catalogue info in the following format:
"Items in the {name} catalogue:
{item1}
{item2}
…
{itemN}"
The items should be sorted alphabetically in ascending order.

Example
Test Code Output
catalogue = Catalogue("Furniture") ["Chair", "Carpet"]
catalogue.add_product("Sofa") Items in the Furniture catalogue:
catalogue.add_product("Mirror") Carpet
catalogue.add_product("Desk") Chair
catalogue.add_product("Chair") Desk
catalogue.add_product("Carpet") Mirror
print(catalogue.get_by_letter("C")) Sofa
print(catalogue)

4. Town
Create a class Town. The __init__ method should receive the name of the town (string). Each town has a
latitude - "0°N" upon initialization and a longitude - "0°E" upon initialization. It should also have 3 more
methods:
 set_latitude(latitude) - sets a latitude
 set_longitude(longitude) - sets a longitude
 __repr__ - returns a representation of the object in the following string format:
"Town: {name} | Latitude: {latitude} | Longitude: {longitude}"

Example
Test Code Output
town = Town("Sofia") Town: Sofia | Latitude: 42° 41'
town.set_latitude("42° 41\' 51.04\" N") 51.04" N | Longitude: 23° 19'
town.set_longitude("23° 19\' 26.94\" E") 26.94" E

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 print(town)

5. Class
Create a class Class. The __init__ method should receive the name of the class. Each class should also have 2
empty lists - students and grades. Create a class attribute __students_count equal to 22. The class should
also have 3 additional methods:
 add_student(name: str, grade: float) - adds the student and the grade in the two lists if
there is free space in the class
 get_average_grade() - returns the average of all existing grades formatted to the second decimal
point (as a number)
 __repr__ - returns the string (single line):
"The students in {class_name}: {students}. Average grade: {average_grade}".
The students must be separated by a comma and a space: ", ".

Example
Test Code Output
a_class = Class("11B") The students in 11B: Peter, George, Amy.
a_class.add_student("Peter", 4.80) Average grade: 4.77
a_class.add_student("George", 6.00)
a_class.add_student("Amy", 3.50)
print(a_class)

6. Inventory
Create a class Inventory. The __init__ method should accept only the __capacity: int (private attribute)
of the inventory. You can read more about private attributes here. Each inventory should also have an attribute
called items - empty list, where all the items will be stored. The class should also have 3 methods:
 add_item(item: str) - adds the item in the inventory if there is space for it. Otherwise, returns
"not enough room in the inventory"
 get_capacity() - returns the value of __capacity
 __repr__() - returns "Items: {items}.\nCapacity left: {left_capacity}". The items
should be separated by ", "

Example
Test Code Output
inventory = Inventory(2) not enough room in the inventory
inventory.add_item("potion") 2
inventory.add_item("sword") Items: potion, sword.
print(inventory.add_item("bottle")) Capacity left: 0
print(inventory.get_capacity())
print(inventory)

7. Articles
Create a class called Article. The __init__ method should accept 3 arguments: title: str, content:
str, and author: str. The class should also have 4 methods:

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  edit(new_content: str) - changes the old content to the new one
 change_author(new_author: str) - changes the old author with the new one
 rename(new_title: str) - changes the old title with the new one
 __repr__() - returns the following string "{title} - {content}: {author}"

Example
Test Code Output
article = Article( Temperature in Italy - Syracuse, a
"Highest Recorded Temperature", city on the coast of the Italian
"Temperatures across Europe are island of Sicily, registered
unprecedented, according to scientists.", temperatures of 48.8 degrees
"Ben Turner" Celsius: B. T.
)
article.edit(
"Syracuse, a city on the coast of the
Italian island of Sicily, registered
temperatures of 48.8 degrees Celsius"
)
article.rename(
"Temperature in Italy"
)
article.change_author(
"B. T."
)
print(article)

8. * Vehicle
Create a class Vehicle. The __init__ method should receive a type, a model, and a price. You should also
set an owner to None. The class should have the following methods:
 buy(money: int, owner: str)
o If the person has enough money and the vehicle has no owner, returns: "Successfully
bought a {type}. Change: {change}" and sets the owner to the given one
o If the money is not enough, return: "Sorry, not enough money"
o If the car already has an owner, return: "Car already sold"
 sell()
o If the car has an owner, set it to None again.
o Otherwise, return: "Vehicle has no owner"
 __repr__()
o If the vehicle has an owner, returns: "{model} {type} is owned by: {owner}".
o Otherwise, return: "{model} {type} is on sale: {price}"

Example
Test Code Output
vehicle_type = "car" Sorry, not enough money
model = "BMW" Successfully bought a car. Change: 5000.00
price = 30000 BMW car is owned by: George
vehicle = Vehicle(vehicle_type, BMW car is on sale: 30000
model, price)
print(vehicle.buy(15000,

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 "Peter"))
print(vehicle.buy(35000,
"George"))
print(vehicle)
vehicle.sell()
print(vehicle)

9. * Movie
Create a class Movie. The __init__ method should receive a name and a director. It should also have a
default value of an attribute called watched set to False. There should also be a class attribute
__watched_movies which will keep track of the number of all the watched movies. The class should have the
following methods:
 change_name(new_name: str) - changes the name of the movie
 change_director(new_director: str) - changes the director of the movie
 watch() - change the watched attribute to True and increase the total watched movies class attribute (if
the movie is not already watched)
 __repr__() - returns "Movie name: {name}; Movie director: {director}. Total
watched movies: {__watched_movies}"

Example
Test Code Output
first_movie = Movie("Inception", Movie name: Inception; Movie director: Me.
"Christopher Nolan") Total watched movies: 2
second_movie = Movie("The Movie name: The Matrix; Movie director:
Matrix", "The Wachowskis") The Wachowskis. Total watched movies: 2
third_movie = Movie("The Movie name: My Movie; Movie director:
Predator", "Shane Black") Shane Black. Total watched movies: 2
first_movie.change_director("Me")
third_movie.change_name("My
Movie")
first_movie.watch()
third_movie.watch()
first_movie.watch()
print(first_movie)
print(second_movie)
print(third_movie)

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