CIRCUIT-ACTION QUIZ ♦ 653

Op-Amp Impedances
12-11 Z;n(NI} = (1 + A.,mz,. Input impedance (noninverting)
Zout
12-12 Zoul(Nt) = l Output impedance (noninverting)
+ A 1B 0

12-13 Z;n(VF) = (1 + A 0 1)Z1n Input impedance (voltage-follower)

Zou/
12-14 Zoul(VF) =l + Ao1
Output impedance (voltage-follower)

12-15 Z;,,(T) a R1 Input impedance (inverting)

I
Zout
12-16 Zout(I) =l + A 0 1B
Output impedance (inverting)

Op-Amp Frequency Responses

12-17 BW = f,u Op-amp bandwidth
Vout 1
12-18 = RC attenuation
V;n Vt + 1211~
Aol(mld)
12-19 Ao1 = Open-loop voltage gain
Vt + 1211~
12-20 O = -tan-1(~) RC phase shift

12-21 fc(tl) = fc(o/)(1 + BAo/(,ni,I)) Closed-loop critical frequency

12-22 BWc1 = BW i(l + BAol(mid))
0 Closed-loop bandwidth
12-23 f T = A,dc(c/) Unity-gain bandwidth.._

TRUE/FALSE QUIZ Answers can be found at www.pearsonhighered.com/floyd.

1. An ideal op-amp has an infinite input impedance.
2. An ideal op-amp has a very high output impedance.
3. The op-amp can operate in both the differential mode or the common m,2_de.
4. Common-mode rejection means that a signal appearing on both inputs is effectively t:ancelled.
5. CMRR stands for common-mode rejection reference.
6. Slew rate determines how fast the output can change in response to a step inpu1.
7. Negative feedback reduces the gain of an op-amp from its open-loop value.
8. Negative feedback reduces the bandwidth of an op-amp from its open-loop value.
9. A noninverting amplifier uses negative feedback.
10. The gain of a voltage-follower is very high.
I I. Negative feedback affects the input and output impedances of an op-amp.

1 12. A compensated op-amp has a gain roll-off of -20 dB/dc:cadc: above the critical frequency.
13. The gain-bandwidth product equals the unity-gain frequency.
14. If the feedback resistor in an inverting amplifier opens. the gain becomes zero.

CIRCUIT-ACTION QUIZ Answers can be found at www.pearsonhlghered.com/noyd.

I. If R1 is decreased in the circuit of Figure 12-18, the voltage gain will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
2. If V,,, = I mV and R1 opens in the circuit of Figure 12-18, the output voltage will
(a) increa~e (b) decn:a~e (c) 1101 changi:

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I 654 • THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

3. If R; is increased in the circuit of Figure 12-18, the voltage gain will

(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
4. If 10 mV are applied to the input to the op-amp circuit of Figure 12-22 and R1 is increased, the
output voltage will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
S. In Figure 12-28, if R
1 is changed from 100 k!l to 68 k!l, the feedback attenuation will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
6. If the closed-loop gain in Figure I2-43(a) is increased by increasing the value of R1, the closed-
loop bandwidth will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
7. If R1 is changed to 470 k!l and R; changed to 10 k!l in Figure I 2-43(b), the closed-loop
is
bandwidth will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change
8. If R; in Figure I 2-43(b) opens, the output voltage will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) not change

SELF-TEST Answers can be found at www.pearsonhighered.com/floyd.

Section 12-1 1. An integrated circuit (IC) op-amp has
(a) two inputs and two outputs (b) one input and one output
(c) two inputs and one output
2. Which of the following characteristics does not necessarily apply to an op-amp?
(a) High gain (b) Low power
(c) High input impedance (d) Low output impedance
3. A differential amplifier
(a) is part of an op-amp (b) has one input and one output
(c) has two outputs (d) answers (a) and (c)
Section 12-2 4. When an op-amp is operated in the single-ended differential mode,
(a) the output is grounded

l (b) one input is grounded and a signal is applied to the other

(c) both inputs are connected together
(d) the output is not inverted
S. In the double-ended differential mode,
(a) a signal is applied between the two inputs (b) the gain is I
(c) the outputs are different amplitudes (d) only one supply voltage is used
6. In the common mode,
(a) both inputs are grounded (b) the outputs are connected together
(c) an identical signal appears on both inputs (d) the output signals are in-phase
7. Common-mode gain is
(a) very high (b) very low
(c) always unity (d) unpredictable
8. If A 0 1 = 3500 and Acm = 0.35, the CMRR is
(a) 1225 (b) J 0,000
(c) 80 dB (d) answers (b) and (c)
9. With z.ero volts on bo1h inputs, an op-amp ideally should have an output equal to
(a) the positive supply voltage (b) the negative supply voltage
(c) zero (d) the CMRR
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.SELF-T EST ♦ 655

op gain of an op-amp is
10. Of the values listed, the most realistic value for open-lo
(a) 1 (b) 2000 (c) 80 dB (d) I00,000
op-amp has bias current s of 50 µA and 49.3 µA. The input offset current is
• 11. A certain
(a) 700 nA (b) 99.3 µA (c) 49.7 µA (d) none of these
lar op-amp increas es 8 V in 12 µs. The slew rate is
12. The output of a particu
(a) 96 V/µ,s (b) 0.67 Vlµs (c) 1.5 Vlµs (d) none of these

Section 12-3 13. The purpose of offset nulling is to

(a) reduce the gain (b) equalize the input signals
(c) zero the output error voltage (d) answers (b) and (c)
14. The use of negative feedback
(a) reduces the voltage gain of an op-amp (b) makes the op-amp oscillate
(c) makes linear operation possible (d) answers (a) and (c)

Section 12-4 15. For an op-amp with negative feedback, the output is
(a) equal to the input
(b) increased
(c) fed back to the inverting input
• (d) fed back to the noninverting input
and an R1of 100 k.O. The closed- loop
16. A certain noninverting amplifier has an R; of 1.0 k.O
gain is
(a) 100,000 (b) 1000 (c) 101 (d) 100
gain
17. If the feedback resistor in Question 16 is open, the voltage
(b) decreases (c) is not affected (d) depend s on R;
(a) increases
of 25. The op-amp has an open-lo op gain
18. A certain inverting amplifier has a closed-loop gain
op-amp with an open-lo op gain of 200,00 0 is substitu ted in the configu -
of 100,000. If another
ration, the closed-loop gain
(b) drops to 12.5 (c) remains at 25 (d) increas es slightly
(a) doubles
19. A voltage-follower
(a) has a gain of I (b) is non inverting
(c) has no feedback resistor (d) has all of these
Section 12-5 20. Negativ e feedbac k
(a) increases the input and output impedances
(b) increases the input impedance and the bandwidth
(c) decreases the output impedance and the bandwidth
(d) does not affect impedances or bandwidth
Section 12-6 21. Bias current compensation
(a) reduces gain (b) reduces output error voltage
(c) increases bandwidth (d) has no effect
Section 12-7 22. The midran ge open-lo op gain of an op-amp
(a) extends from the lower critical frequency to the upper critical frequen cy
(b) extends from O Hz lo the upper critical frequency
(c) rolls off at 20 dB/decade beginning at OHz
(d) answers (b) and (c)
23. The frequency at which the open-loop gain is equal to I is called
' (a) the upper critical frequency (b) the cutoff frequency
(d) the unity-gain frequency
(c) the notch frequency
24. Phase shift through an op-amp is caused by

(a) the internal RC circuits (b) the external RC circuits

(c) the gain roll-off (d) negative foedback