HISTORY

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Pre Independence

Bhai Ram Singh


• 1858 - 1916
• Born and brought up in Sikh family of Rasulpur, near Batala, Punjab,
• Student at the Mayo School of Arts
• Most of his work fits under the style of Indo-Saracenic architecture
• Ram was mainly an engineer and contractor

Lahore Museum Aitchison College, Lahore Chamba House, Lahore


Aitchison College
• A mosque was constructed for religious education
of Muslim students, and a Dharamsala was also
made.

• Its buildings speak the story of the people once


lived and governed this very piece of land.

• Motifs also show artists affiliation or influence


towards a certain religion or time or theory.

• Its Architecture provides vivid evidence of the


priorities of the English where the building
practices and techniques of the Great Mughals
were apparently irreversibly lost.

• It stands tall to represent the magnificent


craftsmen ship and skill of Architect where we also
find the influence of furniture design and also a
beautiful collage of Islamic, Victorian and Hindu
motifs.
• Aitchison College in Lahore, one of Pakistan's most prestigious institutions, was
founded in 1886. The college was established on land that was originally part of
the Minto Park (now Iqbal Park) area .

• Aitchison Hall (Old Building): Constructed between 1887 and 1890, this iconic
structure showcases a blend of British colonial architecture with intricate
detailing and grandeur .

• Gates and Entrances: Ornate gates and entrances reflect a blend of Mughal and
colonial architectural styles, featuring intricate carvings and ornamental details.

• Courtyards and Gardens: Expansive courtyards and meticulously maintained


gardens enhance the aesthetic appeal, providing tranquil spaces for reflection,
recreation, and communal gatherings .

• Modern Additions: The college has witnessed architectural enhancements and


modern additions, balancing its historical legacy with contemporary design
elements, including academic buildings, sports complexes, and residential halls .

• Architectural Elements: The college's architecture encompasses a range of


architectural elements, including Moorish arches, domes, and decorative
features, reflecting the diverse influences that have shaped its illustrious
campus . 4
• Aitchison College in Lahore, Pakistan, features a mosque-like structure that serves as a place of worship for Muslim
students . Here are some details about the mosque:
• Construction: The mosque was built in 1900 for the religious education of Muslim students .
• Architect: The architect of the mosque is not specified, but it is known that Bhai Ram Singh designed the main building of
the college, and Master Ziaud din Chughtai designed other buildings in the complex, including a mosque in Bhawalpur .
• Importance: The mosque holds significant importance for Muslim students, providing a dedicated space for prayer and
religious activities .
• Coexistence: The mosque coexists with other religious structures on campus, including a Hindu temple (mandir) and a
Gurdwara for Sikh students, promoting interfaith harmony and coexistence .
Post Independence
Achyut Purushottam Kavinde
• 9 February 1916 – 28 December 2002
• Born and brought up in Konkan region of Maharashtra
• He was influenced by his father who was an artist and so he chose Sir J.J
School of Arts, Mumbai
• He graduated in the year 1942
• He did the further studies in Harvard
• In 1947 he returned to India and joined Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research
• He was the founder of the firm Kanvinde, Rai and Chaudhary Architects
along with Shaukat Rai
• Philosophy- Advocating Asymmetry, Use of Vernacular Knowledge and Blend
of Vastushashtra and Brutalism.
Isckon Temple
• Isckon Temple, New Delhi
• Built in 1995
• Influenced by local materials, climate and
social conditions.
• Brings out the spiritual culture of India
• Use of carved stones, wood and marble.
• Naturally lit and ventilated
Design Process:
• As a student of Walter Gropius, Achyut Kanvinde's
design is heavily influenced by the Bauhaus style of
architecture.
• His design process is a series of trials and errors in
combining Bauhaus style with Brutalism.
• This is without compromising on the Vaastu aspects
of the design and finding unique ways on using local
material.
• A famous sketch of Kanvinde's is of the ISKCON
Temple in New Delhi.
• The sketch has the shikhara and kalasha details, along
with the suitable material for them.
• The temple faces west, and it has 3 Shikharas topped
with ribbed circular motif.
• There are circular openings in shikharas and the
corners are also removed which allows light and
ventilation into the temple.

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IIT Kanpur
• Achyut was a Contemporary Architect
• He was considered as one of the Forefathers of the
Indian Modern Architecture
• In 1959 he was given the opportunity to design this
grand Kanpur campus
• 420-hectare flat site, outskirts of Kanpur

• IIT Kanpur was established by an Act of Parliament in 1960 by


the Government of India.
• The institute was started in December 1959 in a room in the
canteen building of the Harcourt Butler Technological
Institute at Agricultural Gardens in Kanpur.
• In 1963, the institute moved to its present location, on
the Grand Trunk Road near Kalyanpur locality in Kanpur district.
• Reflects the culture and aspirations of a young Independent India.
• Emphasis on functionality, open spaces, and connecting walkways
influenced by the Bauhaus style.
• Blocky, cubic, plain and undecorated surfaces, flat roofs and RCC
slabs were key principle elements.
• The academic area comprises the central library, departmental
buildings, research centres, lecture hall complex, tutorial block and
auditorium.
• The student hostels and other facilities like Students Activities Centre,
sports complex lie outside the academic area.
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Pre Independence Post Independence
• The designs were more intricate and decorated as The designs became more refined and simple, very
they were also influenced by the mughal geometric and minimalistic.
architecture.

• It used materials like stone and bricks which used to While post architecture started using materials like
improve the appearance of the building over time. concrete, class, steel and other materials which require
constant maintenance.

• Architecture of this period used to have thick walls to These buildings were dependent on the
provide support and strength. reinforced concrete and hence thinner walls.

• Pre independence buildings used to have more Post independence buildings lacked these elements and
of decorated columns, domes, arches and capitals. were more simple.
Thank You
Khushi Bhanushali - 05 | Dhwani Dak - 15 | Diya Lunkar - 36 | Mahimaa Parekh - 40 | Khushi Salmawala - 50 | Bhoomi Suthar - 63

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