Summer Internship Report
Summer Internship Report
AN INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted by
ANUSHIYA R 962821106012
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
AUGUST 2024
i
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENIGINEERING, NAGERCOIL
(A CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI)
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
ii
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that
OF COMPLETION
ANUSHIYA R
Address: 13/11, 2nd Floor,
Duraiswamy Pillai St, West
A STUDENT OF THIRD YEAR, B.E ELECTRONICS AND
Tambaram, Chennai - 600045
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING NAGERCOIL,
HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE 1 MONTH
INTERNSHIP ON “REAL TIME APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT USING IOT (INDUSTRY 4.0)”
FROM 04.05.2024 TO 04.06.2024.
Director
iii
ABSTRACT
of embedded systems and IoT technologies, which are driving forces in the
modern era of Industry 4.0. Throughout the program, I had the opportunity to
IoT, and Raspberry Pi. A major highlight of the internship was the development
of a health monitoring system using the Raspberry Pi Pico W. This system was
designed to continuously monitor key health indicators such as heart rate, SpO2
levels, and blood pressure, and transmit the data to the cloud via the ThingSpeak
IoT platform. The project also included the design and development of a mobile
application that interfaced with the system, allowing users to view real-time
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
1. COMPANY PROFILE 1
ADVANCEMENT
2. STUDY 7
system
v
2.2 NETWORK 9
2.2.3 RF Technology 11
Pi Pico W
2.5.1 IR Sensor 19
vi
2.5.2 Ultrasonic Sensor 20
2.7 PYTHON 27
2.7.1 Tuples 27
2.7.2 Lists 28
2.7.3 Loops 28
2.7.3.1 While 28
2.7.3.3 If Statement 31
2.7.3.5 Nested – If 33
2.8 RASPBERRY PI 4 34
3. MY PROPOSAL 43
3.1INTRODUCTION 43
vii
3.5.3 Features 45
3.5.6 Buzzer 49
3.10 IMPLEMENTATION 54
3.11 RESULT 55
3.12 CONCLUSION 61
REFERENCE 64
APPENDICE 65
viii
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
2.5 IR Sensor 20
2.9 Raspberry Pi 35
x
3.11 Sample output 2 58
xi
CHAPTER 1
COMPANY PROFILE
1
1.3 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
2
1.4 COLLABORATIVE ALLIANCES
Strategic partnerships and collaborations are key to our success at Polenza Tech
Solutions. We work closely with leading technology companies, educational
institutions, and research bodies to enhance our capabilities and extend our
reach. These collaborative alliances enable us to offer a broad range of services,
including IoT Lab Setup and Training, where we assist institutions and
businesses in establishing IoT labs and provide extensive training to ensure the
efficient use of these facilities. By leveraging the strengths of our partners, we
are able to deliver comprehensive solutions that meet the complex needs of our
clients.
The primary learning objectives for the one-month internship in real- time
application development within the framework of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and the Internet of Things (IoT), specifically under the Industry 4.0 paradigm,
were as follows:
Learn to create and optimize data pipelines that ensure efficient data
acquisition, processing, and transmission.
4
Prototype Development and Testing:
Explore strategies for handling large volumes of data and ensuring the
robustness of real-time systems.
Polenza Tech Solutions has been recognized for its commitment to innovation
and excellence through various awards and certifications. These accolades
affirm our position as a leader in the safety and security industry and highlight
the significant milestones we have achieved. From launching cutting-edge
products to forming strategic partnerships, each milestone reflects our
dedication to pushing the boundaries of what is possible and setting new
standards in the industry.
Company Services:
5
3. Hands-On Workshops and Value-Added Courses: Designed to impart
practical skills, our workshops and courses cover a wide range of topics,
including IoT, AI, and security technologies.
6
clients, helping them navigate the challenges of an ever-evolving technological
landscape.
7
CHAPTER 2
STUDY
8
Fig.no.2.1 Embedded System Architecture
b. A-D Converter: An analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal
sent by the sensor into a digitalsignal.
c. Processor & ASICs: Processors assess the data to measure the output and
store it to the memory.
d. D-A Converter: A digital-to-analog converter changes the digital data fed
by the processor to analog data
e. Actuator: An actuator compares the output given by the D-A Converter to
the actual output stored and stores the approved output.
9
2.2 NETWORK
3. Cloud Integration: Many IoT devices send their data to cloud platforms
like ThingSpeak, AWS IoT, or Azure IoT Hub, which provide analytics,
storage, and user interfaces.
4. Security: Networks in IoT must be secure to protect data and devices from
threats like hacking, data breaches, and unauthorized access. Encryption,
VPNs, firewalls, and secure communication protocols are essential.
10
2.2.3 RF TECHNOLOGY
Two-Way Radios
i. Bluetooth
Wireless Headsets
Smartphones
Speakers
Wearable Devices
11
ii. Wi-Fi
Home Networks
Public Hotspots
Offices
IoT Devices
Industrial Sensors
IoT devices are not traditional computing devices but are designed to send data,
receive instructions, or both.
Arduino microcontrollers are versatile platforms used for both beginner and
industrial-level projects. These microcontrollers can take input from various
12
devices and then execute tasks based on the programmed instructions,
delivering outputs in a human-readable form.
Input and output devices are essential components in embedded systems and
IoT projects, as they allow microcontrollers or computers to interact with the
physical world. Input devices gather data from the environment or users, while
output devices deliver the results of processing, either visually, audibly, or
mechanically.
13
indicators, messages, or numerical data from sensors.
14
o Mechanical Actuators: Motors and servos convert electrical signals into
movement, allowing the system to perform mechanical tasks like rotating
objects, moving parts, or actuating levers.
o Audio Devices: Speakers and buzzers generate sound, commonly used for
alarms, notifications, or audio feedback.
Pushbuttons
Potentiometers
Temperature Sensors
Fingerprint Sensors
Smoke Sensors
Keypads
LEDs
Motors
Relays
Seven-Segment Displays
15
2.4 CONTROLLER
The Raspberry Pi Pico is ideal for low-power, real-time applications such as:
16
o Sensor Data Collection: Reading temperature, humidity, light, motion,
or other environmental data.
The Raspberry Pi Pico W builds on the Pico’s foundation but adds Wi-Fi
connectivity, making it even more powerful for IoT applications. It uses the
same RP2040 microcontroller but incorporates the Infineon CYW43439
wireless chip, enabling 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi support.
Same Core Features as the Pico: It retains the same dual-core ARM
Cortex-M0+ processor, 26 GPIO pins, and other hardware features from
the Raspberry Pi Pico.
IoT Projects: Connecting sensors and devices to the cloud for remote
data monitoring and control.
17
Home Automation: Automating and controlling home devices like
lights, alarms, and cameras over Wi-Fi.
Both the Raspberry Pi Pico and Pico W can be used for various applications,
including:
Educational Projects: The Pico boards are perfect for learning about
microcontrollers, sensors, and communication protocols through hands-
on projects.
Robotics: Both boards can be used to control robots, servos, and motors,
but the Pico W allows remote control over Wi-Fi, making it perfect for
wireless robotic systems.
18
2.4.4 Programming the Raspberry Pi Pico and Pico W
The Raspberry Pi Pico and Pico W can be programmed using MicroPython and
C/C++, making them accessible to both beginners and advanced users.
2.5 SENSORS
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the
physical environment. The input can be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure,
19
or
11
0
any number of other environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal
that is converted to a human-readable display at the sensor location or
transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing.
2.5.1 IR SENSOR:
5. IR Sensor Specifications:
Mounting hole
11
1
Fig.no.2.5 IR Sensor
Ultrasonic Specifications:
Power Supply: DC 5V
20
Resolution: 0.3 cm
The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor that comes
with a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to
output the values of temperature and humidity as serial data. Humidity is the
measure of water vapor present in the air. Humidity measurement determines
the amount of moisture present in the gas that can be a mixture of water vapor,
nitrogen, argon, or pure gas etc.… Humidity sensors are of two types based on
their measurement units. They are a relative humidity sensor and Absolute
humidity sensor. DHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor.
DHT11 Specifications:
Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
Output: Serial data
Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
21
Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%
PIR sensors are widely used in security systems, automatic lighting, and
occupancy sensing applications due to their low power consumption and
efficiency. They often include a lens system, such as a Fresnel lens, which
helps to focus infrared radiation onto the pyroelectric element, enhancing
the sensor’s range and accuracy.
22
Fig.no.2.8 PIR Sensor
ThingSpeak is IoT Cloud platform where you can send sensor data to the cloud.
You can also analyze and visualize your data with MATLAB or other software,
including making your own applications. ThingSpeak includes a Web Service
(REST API) that lets you collect and store sensor data in the cloud and develop
Internet of Things applications. It works with Arduino, Raspberry Pi and
MATLAB (premade libraries and APIs exists) But it should work with all kinds
of Programming Languages, since it uses a REST API and HTTP.
23
o Click the Get Started for Free button
24
o Login the page
25
o API Key and profile sheet
Update this write API key to python code and read the values in
ThingSpeak
26
2.7 PYTHON:
2.7.1 TUPLES:
Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable. Tuple is one of 4
built- in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are
List, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage. A tuple is a
collection which is ordered and unchangeable.
27
2.7.2 LISTS:
Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable. Lists are one of 4
built- in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are
Tuple, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage. Lists are
created using square brackets:
2.7.3 LOOPS
2.7.3.1 WHILE:
SYNTAX:
while expression:
statement(s)
EXAMPLE:
28
OUTPUT:
As discussed above, while loop executes the block until a condition is satisfied.
When the condition becomes false, the statement immediately after the loop is
executed. The else clause is only executed when your while condition becomes
false. If you break out of the loop, or if an exception is raised, it won’t be
executed.
if condition:
else:
while condition:
else:
29
EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
For loops are used for sequential traversal. For example: traversing a list or
string or array etc. In Python, there is no C style for loop, i.e., for (i=0; i<n; i+
+). There is “for in” loop which is similar to for each loop in other languages.
Let us learn how to use for in loop for sequential traversals. It can be used to
iterate over a range and iterators.
SYNTAX:
statements(s)
30
EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
2.7.3.3 IF STATEMENT:
SYNTAX:
if condition:
# Statements to execute if
# Condition is true
31
EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
SYNTAX:
if (condition):
# condition is true
else:
# condition is false
32
EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
SYNTAX:
if (condition1):
33
EXAMPLE:
OUTPUT:
2.8 RASPBERRY PI 4
Raspberry Pi is popularly used for real time Image/Video Processing, IoT based
applications and Robotics applications.
Raspberry Pi is slower than laptop or desktop but is still a computer which can
provide all the expected features or abilities, at a low power consumption.
34
The CPU speed of Raspberry Pi varies from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz. Also, it has
onboard SDRAM that ranges from 256 MB to 1 GB.
Raspberry Pi also provides on-chip SPI, I2C, I2S and UART modules.
Fig.no.2.9 Raspberry Pi
Raspberry pi Specification:
35
Port extension: 40-pin GPIO
Peripherals: 17 x GPIO
Weight: 45 g.
36
o Click on the link for the Raspberry Pi Imager that matches
your operating system.
When you launch the installer, your operating system may try to block you from
running it. For example, on Windows I receive the following message:
37
o If this pops up, click on More Info, and then Run anyway.
o In the Raspberry Pi Imager, select the OS that you want to install and the
SD card you would like to install it on
Note: You will need to be connected to the internet the first time for the the
Raspberry Pi Imager to download the OS that you choose. That OS will then be
stored for future offline use. Being online for later uses means that the
Raspberry Pi imager will always give you the latest version.
38
o Then simply click the WRITE button
o Wait for the Raspberry Pi Imager to finish writing
o Once you get the following message, you can eject your SD card
39
o Visit the link https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/
o Scans IP address for connected Raspberry pi and select it and copy the
IP address.
40
STEP 3: Download VNC Viewer Application Download VNC Viewer
o Visit the link https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/
41
o When the download finishes, click it to launch the installer
42
CHAPTER 3
MY
PROPOSAL
HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This project aims to develop a real-time health monitoring system that can
measure and analyze three key vital signs: heart rate, SpO2 (oxygen saturation),
and blood pressure. The system will utilize a microcontroller (Raspberry Pi Pico
W) to interface with sensors and transmit data wirelessly to a server for
monitoring. This chapter outlines the methodology, hardware configuration, and
software design for implementing the system.
Once the data is acquired, the Raspberry Pi Pico W processes the information to
determine the user’s vital signs. The processed data is then transmitted via the
microcontroller’s Wi-Fi module to an external server for real-time monitoring
and analysis. This system also includes an alert mechanism, where LEDs and a
buzzer are used to provide immediate feedback in case of abnormal or critical
health conditions. The LEDs light up when specific thresholds are crossed, and
the buzzer sounds when multiple critical conditions are detected, ensuring
prompt attention is drawn to any health anomalies.
43
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Pico W
44
3.5 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
3.5.3 Features
The Raspberry Pi Pico W boasts several key features that make it ideal for this
application:
45
3.5.4 Sensors and Measurement Devices
MAX30100
GPIO Pins: For this sensor, you’ll use I2C pins (GPIO4 for SDA and GPIO5 for
SCL), not ADC pins. The heart rate is read via digital signals, so no direct
analog pin connection is needed.
46
SpO2 Sensor
MAX30102
How It Works: This sensor also measures SpO2 by using a similar optical
method as the heart rate measurement. It calculates the oxygen saturation
level in the blood by analyzing the light absorption changes at different
wavelengths.
Analog Signal Reading: The MAX30100/MAX30102 provides digital
output over I2C, and you won’t need to connect it to ADC pins directly. Data
is read via I2C communication.
GPIO Pins: As with the heart rate sensor, use I2C pins (GPIO4 and GPIO5) for
communication. SpO2 data is obtained digitally, not through analog signals.
47
Blood Pressure Sensor
BMP280/BME280
Connection:
GPIO Pins: If using I2C, you connect it to GPIO4 (SDA) and GPIO5 (SCL). If
using an analog sensor, you connect the analog output to an ADC pin.
Purpose: Used to provide visual alerts for abnormalities in heart rate, SpO2,
and blood pressure.
48
Connection: Connected to GPIO pins for visual feedback when specific
thresholds are exceeded (e.g., low heart rate, low SpO2, or abnormal blood
pressure).
Functionality: Different colors or patterns can indicate various conditions,
such as a green LED for normal readings and red LEDs for alerts.
3.5.6 Buzzer
Purpose: Activated to alert the user of critical conditions, such as low heart
rate, low SpO2, or low blood pressure.
Connection: Connected to a GPIO pin for triggering the buzzer when
critical thresholds are met.
Functionality: Emits sound to provide an audible alert when certain vital
signs fall below preset thresholds.
The software for the system is designed using the Arduino IDE,
leveraging Wi-Fi and analog input libraries. The key features include:
49
Wi-Fi Connectivity: The system connects to a Wi-Fi network using the
SSID and password provided in the code. The Wi-Fi capability enables the
real-time transmission of health data to a remote server or cloud platform.
Alert System: Based on the processed data, the system turns on LEDs to
indicate when values fall below safe thresholds. Additionally, if multiple
vitals indicate critical levels, the buzzer is activated as an urgent alert.
The system utilizes ThingSpeak for cloud-based data storage and visualization.
Each vital sign is uploaded to a dedicated channel on ThingSpeak, allowing
real- time monitoring via a web dashboard. This integration is critical for
enabling remote access to health data, which can be visualized through dynamic
graphs and alerts.
ThingSpeak handles:
Visualization of heart rate, SpO2, and blood pressure trends over time.
50
values as query parameters. These requests are then sent to ThingSpeak
using the Wi-Fi client, where the data is stored in specific channels for each
vital sign. ThingSpeak’s API key is used to authenticate these requests,
ensuring secure data transfer.
51
Field Parameters: Each sensor value is sent to a corresponding field in
the ThingSpeak channel (e.g., field1=heartrate, field2=spo2).
The microcontroller then waits for a response from ThingSpeak to confirm that
the data has been successfully uploaded. If the data transfer is successful,
ThingSpeak processes the data for visualization and further analysis.
Real-time data visualization: Users can see their heart rate, SpO2, and
blood pressure metrics on their phones in real-time.
The microcontroller processes the raw data from the sensors, mapping it to
appropriate ranges for heart rate, SpO2, and blood pressure:
52
Heart Rate: 60-100 bpm
SpO2: 90-100%
These values are then sent to ThingSpeak and displayed on the mobile app for
monitoring.
The system continuously monitors the vital signs and triggers alerts based on
pre- set thresholds:
If critical conditions are detected, such as heart rate dropping below 65 bpm or
SpO2 below 92%, the buzzer is activated, and notifications are sent to the
mobile app.
The data is transmitted to ThingSpeak via HTTP requests. Once the data is on
the platform, it can be accessed through the ThingSpeak API by the mobile
application, which retrieves and displays the data in real-time.
53
The mobile app serves as the primary user interface for remote monitoring,
enabling users to view health metrics on the go. The ThingSpeak and mobile
app are integrated through the below command.
Go to command prompt:
Cd IOTPROJECT
3.10 IMPLEMENTATION
54
ThingSpeak Configuration: Set up channels on ThingSpeak for each
vital sign. Generate an API key for secure data transmission and
configure the ThingSpeak platform to receive and display the data.
SpO2 (%): This parameter measures the oxygen saturation level in the
blood. A normal reading of 98% indicates adequate oxygenation, while
values below 95% may trigger warnings to address potential respiratory
issues.
55
in these measurements could indicate hypertension or hypotension,
requiring immediate attention.
Example
Category Parameter Description
Values
Heart Rate
Heart Rate Measured beats per minute 72 bpm
(bpm)
Indicates abnormalities in
SpO2 LED ON/OFF
SpO2
56
Example
Category Parameter Description
Values
The second table details the operational status of the alert system, which
includes LED indicators and the buzzer used to signal critical health conditions.
57
LED Indicators: The LED indicators provide immediate visual feedback
on the status of each vital sign. For instance, if the heart rate or SpO2
readings are abnormal, the relevant LED will turn on to indicate the need
for attention
58
Buzzer: The buzzer serves as an urgent alert mechanism, sounding off
when critical conditions are detected, such as a heart rate below 65 bpm
or SpO2 below 92%. This ensures that the user is promptly notified of
severe health concerns that require immediate action.
Sensor
Thresholds Alert Status
Reading
Heart Rate Below 70 bpm LED On, Buzzer On (if < 65 bpm)
59
The data collected by the system is seamlessly integrated with ThingSpeak,
where the Field Parameters section organizes and displays each health metric—
heart rate, SpO2, and blood pressure—in dedicated fields. These fields provide
real-time updates and graphical representations, allowing for easy trend analysis
and interpretation of the results. Additionally, ThingSpeak's alert features
complement the mobile application by offering immediate notifications when
any field value deviates from the norm, further enhancing the system's
reliability and responsiveness.
60
Fig.no.3.13 Mobile Application Data with Alerts
3.12 CONCLUSION:
61
Overall, the project demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating
IoT technology with health monitoring systems. Future work will focus on
refining the system's accuracy, enhancing data analytics capabilities, and
exploring additional features such as predictive analytics and long-term health
tracking. This approach will not only improve the system's reliability but also
contribute to more informed health management and proactive care.
62
CHAPTER 4
The summer internship at Polenza Tech Solutions (OPC) Private Limited has
been an invaluable learning experience, deepening my understanding of
embedded systems and IoT within the context of Industry 4.0. During this
period, I engaged in hands-on projects using tools such as Wokwi simulation,
ThingSpeak, and Raspberry Pi Pico W. One of the key projects involved the
development of a real-time health monitoring system, which allowed me to
sharpen my technical skills and explore the significant impact of IoT on various
industries, particularly in healthcare.
The integration of IoT devices with cloud platforms for real-time data analysis
and monitoring highlighted the future potential of smart, interconnected
systems. Additionally, my work in mobile application development underscored
the importance of user-friendly interfaces in enhancing the accessibility and
utility of technological solutions.
This internship has not only equipped me with practical knowledge and
problem- solving abilities but also reinforced my passion for IoT and embedded
systems. The experience has provided a solid foundation for my future
academic research and professional work, inspiring me to pursue further
advancements in this field.
Looking forward, I aim to delve deeper into the convergence of IoT with other
emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning. My goal is to explore
innovative applications that can further revolutionize industries, particularly in
areas such as healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation. I am excited to
contribute to the development of next-generation IoT solutions that are not only
technically sophisticated but also socially impactful.
63
REFERENCE
1. Kumar, R., Singh, A., and Gupta, M. (2024) ‘Smart Health Monitoring
System Based on IoT,’ International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA), Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 55-68.
2. Mondal, S., Bhattacharya, A., and Banerjee, A. (2024) ‘An IoT-Based
Health Monitoring System Using Cloud Integration,’ Journal of Emerging
Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 190-202.
3. Patel, P., Mehta, R., and Kumar, S. (2023) ‘IoT-Enabled Smart Health
Monitoring System for Remote Patients,’ International Journal of Computer
Sciences and Engineering (IJCSE), Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 123-135.
4. Singh, B., Lopez, D., and Ramadan, R. (2023) ‘Internet of Things in
Healthcare: A Conventional Literature Review,’ Health and Technology,
Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 789-805.
5. Kumar, R., Verma, S., Sharma, A., and Singh, R. K. (2023) ‘IoT-Based
Real- Time Health Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi,’ International
Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology (IJEAST), Vol. 21,
No. 1, pp. 76-89.
64
APPENDICE
#include <WiFi.h>
// Wi-Fi credentials
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
65
// Connect to Wi-Fi
Serial.println("Connecting to Wi-Fi...");
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
int attempts = 0;
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
attempts++;
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi
connected"); Serial.print("IP
address: ");
} else {
66
Serial.println("");
67
Serial.println("Failed to connect to Wi-Fi");
pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
Serial1.begin(9600);
void loop() {
68
float spo2 = map(spo2Raw, 0, 4095, 90, 100); // Simulated SpO2 (90-
100%)
Serial.print(heartRate);
Serial.print(spo2);
Serial.print(bloodPressure);
Serial.println(" mmHg");
Serial1.print(heartRate);
Serial1.print(spo2);
Serial1.print(bloodPressure);
Serial1.println(" mmHg");
69
// Conditions to control LEDs and buzzer
} else {
} else {
} else {
// Critical condition: if all values are below critical levels, sound the buzzer
61
0
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); // Turn on buzzer
} else {
delay(16000);
long map(long value, long fromLow, long fromHigh, long toLow, long toHigh)
{
70