Summary of Introduction to C++ Programming (UNIT 1 & 2)
1. Programming Paradigms
- Procedural Programming: Focuses on functions and procedures to perform tasks. It utilizes
global data, which can make program maintenance challenging.
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Centers around objects, which encapsulate data and
functions. Key OOP principles include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
2. Core OOP Concepts
- Objects and Classes: Objects are instances of classes (blueprints), holding both data and
functions.
- Encapsulation: Combines data and methods in a single unit, restricting external access to data
directly, thus enhancing security and integrity.
- Inheritance: Allows creation of new classes derived from existing ones, promoting code reuse.
- Polymorphism: Supports multiple forms, allowing functions and operators to behave differently
based on input types and context.
3. Basic C++ Syntax
- Tokens: The smallest units of C++ code, including keywords, identifiers, constants, and
operators.
- Data Types: C++ provides primitive types (int, char, float) as well as derived and user-defined
types (e.g., arrays, structures, classes).
- Operators: C++ includes a variety of operators, such as arithmetic, relational, logical, and
assignment operators.
4. Control Structures
- Loops: Supports `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops for repetitive tasks.
- Conditional Statements: Includes `if`, `if-else`, and `switch` structures to enable decision-making
in programs.
5. Input/Output
- C++ uses `cout` (output) and `cin` (input) with the `<<` and `>>` operators respectively to handle
basic input and output operations.
6. Sample Programs
- Several examples demonstrate basic C++ programming concepts, including the use of loops,
conditional statements, arithmetic operations, and simple program structures.
7. Common Programming Tasks
- Examples include tasks like temperature conversion, currency conversion, and basic arithmetic
operations using fractions. These programs reinforce C++ syntax and logic structures.
8. IDE Recommendations
- Instructions for compiling C++ programs using Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like
Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, and GCC on various platforms are included to assist beginners.
