Journal of Arts & Humanities

Volume 06, Issue 06, 2017, 52-73

Article Received: 12-05-2017
Accepted: 30-05-2017
Available Online: 22-06-2017
ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1192

A mathematical Phenomenon in the Quran of Earth-Shattering

Proportions: A Quranic Theory Based on Gematria Determining
Quran Primary Statistics (words, verses, chapters) and
Revealing its Fascinating Connection with the Golden Ratio

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud Salim Al-Faqih1

ABSTRACT

As Almighty God has promised to protect the Quran from alteration, corruption or distortion.
Historically, the scripture of the Quran has been subjected to various intense mathematically-based
studies to reveal the protection mechanisms embedded in the composition of the Quran and to
provide evidence of its credibility, authenticity and divinity. Indeed, this study has discovered a
mathematical framework in the Quran based on gematria (Abjad numerals) that provides substantial
evidence of Quran’s divine authorship and its perfect protection from human tampering. Essentially,
this study has proposed a new research direction in numerological studies of the Quran. This study is
textually based on the text delivered to Prophet Muhammad and drawn using the primary 28
alphabets of the Arabic language (Uthmanic manuscript), the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and the
names of the Quran chapters. A numerical value (70.44911244) which is referred to in this study as the
Quran Constant (QC) was derived to represent the mathematical design of the Quran. The Quran
Constant has been found to be fundamental to the current study, whereby the Quran Constant
manifests in all derived mathematical equations. The ratio of the total number of chapters in the
Quran (114) which represents the physical design of the Quran divided by the Quran Constant
(70.44911244) which represents the mathematical design of the Quran gives 1.6181893; it is amazingly
almost equal to the golden ratio. This study has also discovered that Almighty God embedded
mathematical equations in the composition of the Quran that can easily lead to determination of the
Quran’s primary statistics (words, verses and chapters). This study has admirably discovered three
elegant mathematical equations that determine the total number of words, verses and chapters with
great accuracy. More importantly, letters/word ratio calculated in this study can be practically seen as
a validation criterion of both the total number of letters and the total number of words in the Quran.
Finally, what does this proof? It proves that the Quran’s miraculous mathematical structure
discovered in this study provides unequivocal mathematical proof that the Quran was divinely
authored and has been perfectly preserved from the day it was revealed. Indeed, we are witnessing

1 Department of Information Systems, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan. E-mail: [email protected]

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A mathematical phenomenon in the Quran of earth-shattering proportions …

a mathematical phenomenon of earth-shattering proportions~ a miracle beyond earthly justification

and human comprehension.

Keywords: Abjad numerals, golden ratio, mathematical miracle, Muhammad, Quran, theory.
This is an open access article under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

1. Introduction

After introducing the theory of 19 by Rashad Khalifa in 1974 which states that the number 19 is the
Quran’s common denominator, many researchers have pushed their research along the lines of this
theory in an attempt to provide further evidence of the Quran divinity. As a matter of fact, this theory
has taken the world by storm. Even though, this theory was observed to have some fundamental flaws,
it remains a mathematical phenomenon in its own right. Certainly, the theory of 19 has opened new
research venues and frontiers in the science of Quran numerology. Therefore, researchers have been
working diligently hard to achieve sound results to provide convincing proofs of the divinity of the Quran.
Indeed, throughout history, many Muslim scholars have attempted to provide evidence to authenticate
the divine origin of the Quran, particularly for those people who deny the authenticity of the Quran in
the first place. The literary quality of the Quran in textual elegance, content and form has contributed
largely to its acceptance by many non-Muslims. In fact, the Quran has been found by many prominent
academic scholars (Muslims and non-Muslims) to be by large more superior than all popular literary
productions (Tzortzis, 1960; Abdul-Raof, 2000; Khan, 2012; Aram, 2016). Indeed, Quran’s powerful style
is seemingly incompatible with any existing well-known literary works (Abdul-Raof, 2000; Lawrence,
2005; Aram, 2016). More importantly, the Quran has repeatedly challenged the Arabs and non-Arabs to
produce similar chapters or even one chapter. The textual quality of this great divine book has historically
and noticeably helped in providing evidence of divine authorship. However, nowadays many non-
Muslims are not quite convinced of the fact that the Quran is a divine revelation. Indeed, Muslims’
opponents and enemies have been persistently attempting to dispute the Quran’s authenticity and its
remarkably superior character as a literary product. Historically, the Quran has been bombarded with
different allegations, accusations and criticisms that question and even negate its historical authenticity,
legitimacy and morality. However, some have gone even further by claiming without providing any proof
or scientific evidence that the Quran is being the work of multiple hands and of human manufacture.
Above all, many non-Muslims, skeptics and non- believers have deliberately tried to defame the Quran
and Islam altogether.

Many Muslims scholars have invested much efforts in the pursuit of truths and facts of the Quran,
particularly those related to the doctrine of miraculousness of the Quran to substantiate and prove its
credibility and God’s total involvement in revealing the Quran (Khalifa, 1973; Deedat, 1991; Sa’ari and
Borhan, 2003; Taslaman, 2006; Tuncer, 2006; Musa, 2008; Hassan and Redha, 2011; Rajabnejad, 2012; Ta’a
et al., 2012; Azarpour et al., 2014; Saki et al., 2014; Haftador, 2015). As a result, recent research attempts
have emerged to consolidate Quran’s divine authorship using a variety of concepts and methodologies.
The introduction of Rashad Khalifa’s theory of 19 in 1974, whereas the number 19 is the code on which
the Noble Quran is mathematically structured (Khalifa, 1973; Khalifa, 1981), and according to him, the
number 19 numerically acts as a common denominator in many cases in the Quran. Khalifa proclaimed
that his new theory had introduced a new wind in the world of theology. Verily, Rashad Khalifa, the
Egyptian-American biochemist, deliberately betrayed his faith and Muslims by attempting to convince
the world that the Quran is mostly structured according to the mathematical number 19 and the whole
Quran is protected by this number. After the introduction of computers, people came to believe that
many cases assumed true according to Khalifa, had been found erroneous. Indeed, people have definitely
realized and recognized that Khalifa had, in many cases, made intentional mistakes to back his theory
(Malik, 2006; Taslaman, 2006; Pahlevan and Shafiei, 2010; Khan, 2010). Also, Khalifa removed two verses
from the Quran in the intention to convince the world that his theory was comprehensive. Possibly, most
of these conclusions and hoaxes solely were performed by Rashad Khalifa for the purpose of satisfying
his own ego. After all, most of Khalifa’s results are correct and reveal a real phenomenon that
deserves more substantial consideration and attention than it has received. Further, Khalifa’s theory has

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opened a new window for research. As a result, many researchers have turned to Quranic numerology
and become captivated by this research pattern. Indeed, Quranic numerology is still young and on-going
research pattern, and new findings are continuously emerging due to the extensive use of computing
potentials and resources. In fact, since the birth what is called the theory of number 19, many
researchers have been following the same pattern of research that depends basically on counting words
and letters in the Quran to check their divisibility on certain numbers such as 19 and 7. As well as
manipulating chapter numbers and verse numbers to see if there are any mathematical arrangements of
any kind that could produce numerically striking outcomes. Indeed, there have been many interesting
patterns and connections of that nature in the Quran that could not happen by a mere chance and must
be of a divine institution. In similar fashion to Khalifa’ approach, Abdul Daem Al-Kaheel has proved the
importance of number 7 in many cases in the Quran (Al-Kaheel, 2006). In similar capacity, Jarrar (2001)
has also documented many interesting mathematical patterns in the Quran by utilizing the Abjad
numerals system (gematrical system). Indeed, Jarrar has been working hard through Abjad numerals to
find numerical miracles in the Quran to prove Quran’s divine origin.

Apparently, all research works in relation to the numerology of the Quran lack comprehensiveness and
sophistication. In particular, no study has yet included the whole contents of the Quran. Also, most
research studies have focused on manipulating numerical facts about chapters and verses in order to find
certain mathematical patterns that fit a divisibility scenario of some kind. Further, literature lacks
consistent methodologies and appropriate research paradigm in the field of Quran numerology and this
usually creates controversy, confusion, division and raise questions of the plausibility, quality and
viability of the research results. Undoubtedly, in current literature, there are particularly inconsistent
methods in counting letters and words and therefore this frequently brings about criticism of the
numerical conclusions reported by these studies (Philips, 1987). Therefore, given the nature of the
current literature, there is a gap in the current literature arising from the absence of more sophisticated
and advanced research analysis to tackle the complexity of the Quran. Indeed, the current study has the
intention to avoid abovementioned pitfalls. Hence, to ensure full conformance with the first drawing of
the Quran (Uthmanic manuscript), the letter is only counted if it is physically written. Furthermore, the
nature of the approach used in this study is far more sophisticated than previous studies implemented
on all Holy Scriptures.

The primary objective of this study is to present mathematically-based evidence that will indisputably
provide concrete proof to authenticate and support the fact that the message of the Quran is
divinely inspired and codified beyond human capability. Beyond doubt, mathematically-based protection
mechanisms may have been most properly embedded in the composition of the Quran to provide
mathematical means to preserve it. Therefore, the development of the this theory has been highly
motivated and driven by the categorical recognition of the author that Almighty God may have
embedded varying mathematical algorithms, equations and models for protecting the Quran, as well as
to prove its divinity and to emphatically exclude any human influence on the manufacture of the Quran.
Because Almighty God promises that the Quran will always be preserved and protected from any
corruption such as addition or deletion or relocation of any of its verses from chapter to another.
Therefore, Almighty God may have embedded protection mechanisms that based on mathematically-
based algorithmic functions. Therefore unveiling any of these algorithms would help unlock many of the
Quranic secrets, particularly those related to the Quran’s primary parameters (words, verses and
chapters) as well as how the Quran’s design is related to the golden ratio.

Furthermore, this study is set to mathematically and numerically validate and authenticate the first
drawing of the Quran (Uthmanic manuscript) related statistics such as the total number of words, verses
(Ayats) and chapters (Surahs) of the Quran (Figure 1: displays a sample of the first drawing of the Quran).
As far as I am aware, this type of analysis has never been conducted before and no one has yet attempted
to perform such analysis. Possibly, researchers and scholars have not been able to recognize that this
type of analysis could deliver any promising outcomes of any nature to support and back the divine
authorship of the Quran. The current study has diverted away from the traditional approaches that have
been widely and commonly utilized in studying the numerical miracles in the Quran. The new approach is

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A mathematical phenomenon in the Quran of earth-shattering proportions …

apparently a novel one because we strongly believe in the fact that since the Quran is the words of God,
thus the Quran may have come with a built-in mathematically-based algorithms, models and equations
that demonstrate with numerical evidence its divinity and credibility and prove once and for all its divine
authorship. This theory has been developed based on the popular system of Abjad (gematrical) numeral
system. It is an old alphabetic system and the Arabic system of numerology, which is known as Abjad
notation (Abjad numerals), has been very popular long before Islam in which 28 Arabic alphabets are
assigned numerical values (see Table 1). The rest of this study is structured as follows. Section 2 discusses
the concept of Abjad numerals and its historical development and significance. The third section presents
the methodology used in the current study and the results related to the Quran primary statistics and its
related Abjad values. Section 4 discusses the theoretical formulation of the present study. The fifth
section presents the contributions and concluding remarks of this work. Finally, the last section discusses
some of the implementations and future works expected to emerge as a result of developing this new
Quranic theory.

2. Abjad numerals

The intention of this study is to develop a mathematical theory to expose the built-in mathematical
system from which the Quranic basic statistics (words, verses and chapters) can be numerically
calculated with remarkably high level of accuracy. This theory is based purely on numerological
calculations in which each Arabic alphabet (28 alphabets) is assigned a numerical value as shown in Table
1. This decimal numeral system has been known for a long time, whereas in Arabic this numeral system is
referred to as Hisab Al-Jumal (King, 1974; Schanzlin, 1934). In fact, this method of calculation was
extensively utilized long before the revelation of the Quran and even before the development of the
Roman or Arabic numeral systems as we know today (Farooqi, 2003). This numeral system was used in
the early days for mathematical analysis and numerology to predict the future and this type of numbering
systems were commonplace in the annals of history (Farooqi, 2003). However, there is no evidence to
prove the origin of the Arabic system of numerology (Abjad numerals). Historically, the Arabs were
known to be fascinated by this numeral system and they have widely used it for different purposes,
particularly dates of important and interesting events. Historically, the origination of this numerical
system is unknown and still a mystery, even many have declared that this system of numerology is of a
divine origin (Yerachmiel, 2000). However, both Greeks and Hebrews were documented to extensively
use the gematrical numbering systems that accommodates their own languages (Sanders, 1918;
Hirshman, 2000; Blech, 2004; Michell, 2008).

Using this numerical system in the Quran has not yet delivered any prominent results. As a result, people
have fallen into two camps: those who actually think it is a fruitless idea to continue utilizing this
numerical system in the Quranic numerical studies. Because, according to them, no one has yet been able
to find something worthy of recognition and attention (Al-Kaheel, 2012). The other camp is very much
willing to continue experimenting this numerical system in the Quranic mathematical calculations (Jarrar,
2001) because variations in mathematical structures can never be exhaustive. Therefore, if there are not
many brilliant contributions from using this numeral system in the Quran, this does not strictly imply that
this mathematical system can never be of any mathematical value in the numerology of the Quran.
Admittedly, many studies have failed to produce any significant outcome to support the divinity of the
Quran (Al-Kaheel, 2012).

However, some interesting mathematical patterns in the Quran have been reported by Jarrar (2001) who
has been extensively using the gematrical numeral system (Abjad numerals). The current study will use
Abjad numerals system because we believe that its characteristics are mathematically promising. Also,
more importantly, the majority of studies conducted through this numerical system have used this crucial
numeral system naively and superficially. Indeed, these studies have not been sophisticated enough to
make full use of its great potentials and important characteristics. Certainly, this is the first study to
unlock the relevance of this numeral decimal system to the Quran numerology.

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3. Methodology and results

This study is intended to prove that the Quran statistics (words, verses and chapters) for the first drawing
of the Quran can be computed through mathematical structure embedded by Almighty God. The one
trillion dollar question: Does the Noble Quran have embedded mathematical equations that can be used
to reveal its related basic parameters? If this happens to be true, therefore the probability that the Quran
is a human manufacture is comparable to the probability of a hurricane sweeping through a junk-yard
and assembling a fully functional space shuttle. Furthermore, this study is set to prove that the Quran
has been built based on mathematical framework that divinely and supernaturally embedded in the
Quran’s composition.

The Quran was revealed during a period of 23 years and it was drawn in Arabic using the primary 28
alphabets of the Arabic language (See a sample of the first drawing of the Quran: Figure 1). Prophet
Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) had commanded for the Quran to be written and
organized into 114 chapters. As well as, the Quran contains 112 un-numbered Basmalahs (In the name of
God, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful). However, since the revelation of the Quran, naming each
chapter has been a debated issue whether these are determined by revelation or otherwise. In fact, the
majority of scholars have definitely confirmed that naming of each chapter was a divine revelation
inspired to Prophet Muhammad (e.g., Al-Suyuti, 1948). As a result, I believe these names constitute
important textual content to be considered in this study. In conclusion, this study will utilize the textual
content of the following three divine components: (1) the Quran that consists of 6236 verses and 114
chapters, (2) the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and (3) the names of the 114 chapters. Clearly, the current
study suggests that the whole Quran textually consists of the three components because they are all
divinely revealed realities (Al-Suyuti, 1948). Indeed, as far as I am aware, no single study has included all
three components. Apparently, no study has yet considered chapters’ names as an important element
even though most of researchers have been aware of the fact that these names were determined by
divine revelation (Al-Suyuti, 1948). Thus, the Holy Quran as a complete entity textually consists of these
three divine components.

A committee of experts from various Arab countries headed by Abduldaem Al-Kaheel of Syria has worked
hard for almost seven years to develop a digitized copy of the Quran and build software to provide
searching facilities in the Quran. They have set the standards for computing the Quran statistics (letters
and words) that based completely on the first drawing of the Quran: these standards are extremely
fundamental to set the proper rules and guidelines for counting letters and words (Al-kaheel, 2012). In
fact, in the past and today still many researchers have arbitrarily skewed their findings and results to fit
their models through unnecessarily adding letters because the Arabic language has the characteristics
that some letters (primarily vowels and syllables) have heavy emphasis (stress) on them, specifically the
final heavy syllable of a root is normally stressed. Therefore, many researchers would simply double the
count of these letters when necessary to fit the requirements of their mathematical patterns. Also, this
explains why one can find different counts of letters and words of the Quran scattered in literature and
websites. Thus, to guarantee full agreement with the first drawing of the Quran, the letter is only counted
if it is physically written (Al-kaheel, 2012) and this similar to the English Language. This important
requirement has not been considered in the counting process of letters in many studies before therefore
methods of counting have been inconsistent. As a result, there have been many criticisms about the
numerical conclusions of these studies (Philips, 1987). In order to achieve more realistic results, the
current study will follow the rules and the guidelines set by Al-kaheel (2012) because he had established
the proper counting criteria for both letters and words and these, of course, are in full agreement with
the first drawing of the Quran (Uthmanic manuscript). In fact, Uthmanic manuscript is exactly the same
as the first drawing of the Quran (Nöldeke, 1992; Al-kaheel, 2012).

The first upheaval task facing the committee mentioned above was how to write the Quran in a
computerized format, so that the features and functionalities provided by existing software applications
can be applied easily on the digitized format of the Quran. To achieve this objective, the technical
committee headed by Al-Kaheel adopted the same rules used in drawing the first text of the Quran that

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A mathematical phenomenon in the Quran of earth-shattering proportions …

was revealed to Prophet Muhammad. The next thing was performed after converting the Quranic text
into digital format was to check the text for full compliance with the Uthmanic script. Also, a compatibility
check word by word and letter by letter was performed against the digitized document of the Quran
issued by King Fahd Glorious Quran Printing Complex in Saudi Arabia (2017). In addition, a free software
was developed and launched by Al-Kaheel’s technical institution with enormous potentials that make
searching in the Quran is technically easy and 100% accurate (see the latest version: Al-kaheel, 2017). For
example, in an elegant fashion each chapter and each verse can be tracked and traced so that
computation of the total number of letters and words are made easy and 100% accurate. Therefore, as
long as the digitized copy is identical to the Quran in every sense, it is expected that the statistics related
to the counting of letters and words in the Quran to be 100% exact. Indeed, the only reliable Quran
statistics are the data that have been determined proficiently and accurately by the Al-Kaheel. I should
remind readers that they are hundreds of websites and even researchers using and reporting inaccurate
Quranic statistics, particularly with regard to the total number of letters, words, verses and even
chapters. In fact, the most important rule to consider a letter only if it is physically written because this
is consistent with the first drawing of the Quran (Al-kaheel, 2012). Also, the letter "‫( "واوالعطف‬Waaw of
copulative) in Arabic and its equivalent in English is the additive "and relation" is considered an
independent word and this is precisely consistent with the first drawing of the Quran (Uthmanic
manuscript) (Al-kaheel, 2012). In accordance with these considerations, Al-Kaheel’s (2017) software has
produced the results displayed in Figure 2 and written in Arabic/Hindu numerals ([0,0];[1,1];[2,2]; [3,3];
[4,4];[5,5]; [6,6];[7,7]; [8,8];[9,9]). More, this study has added the English equivalent for all numerical
facts in Figure 2. This figure also gives the total number of letters (322604), words (86967) and verses
(6236) of the Quran (the first component of the
whole Quran). More, this figure gives the
frequency of each of the 28 letters in the Quran.
Indeed, these figures are believed to be precisely
what were revealed to Prophet Muhammad.

The whole Quran is textually the sum of all three

divine components (See Table 2 and Table 4): (1)
the Quran which consists of 114 chapters, 6236
Figure 1: A sample of the first drawing of the Quran

verses, 86967 words and 322604 letters,

Figure 2: Quran Statistics (The first drawing of the Quran – Uthmanic text)
(2) the 112 un-numbered Bismillahs (each Bismillah has 4 words and 19 letters) which consist of 448 words
and 2128 letters and (3) the names of the 114 chapters which consist of 115 words (chapter Al-Iimran is a
two-worded name) and 652 letters. The whole Quran consists of 87530 words and 325384 letters (Table
4). For consistency, I should remind readers that chapters’ names have been written in the current study

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in a way that it conforms to the first drawing of the Quran (see Table 2). Finally, this study will calculate
the total Abjad value of the 325384 letters for use in the forthcoming analysis.

This study will compute the Abjad value (gematrical value) of the Quran based on the first drawing of the
Quran, the text that was vocally revealed in Arabic through angel Jibrail to the Prophet Muhammad and
drawn in 28 alphabets under the guidance and direct command of the Prophet himself with a minimal
number of diacritics and symbols. The text that will be included in the current study is the total sum of
the text of the three divine components of the Holy Quran. The first step in the current study is to
calculate the total Abjad value (AV) of the Quran, and this is equal to the sum of the Abjad values of the
three divine components of the Quran as already mentioned. First, from Table 3, it is apparent that the
calculated Abjad value of the Quran (114 chapters, 6236 verses, 86967 words and 322604 letters) equals
23378278. Second, the total Abjad value of the 19 letters that constitute the Bismillah is 786, thus the
total Abjad value of the 112 un-numbered Bismillahs is (=112×786) 88032 (Table 4). Third, the total Abjad
value of the 652 letters of the names of the 114 chapters is 40234 (Table 2). Finally, the total Abjad value
(AV) of the Holy Quran is the sum of the three components (23378278+88032+40234) which equals
23506544 (Table 4). Indeed, this is the first study to incorporate the full text of the Quran in a single study
because most of the existing research studies have included only a small portion of the Quran. Thus,
effectively, the current study will be more relevant to the Quran (as a whole entity) than previous studies.
The importance of the total Abjad value calculated in this study (23506544) lies in the fact that this
number incorporates the total Abjad value of the whole Quran. Apparently, the total Abjad value of the
whole Quran acts as a protection mechanism to protect the Quranic text from human tampering and
addition.

Further, the current theory recognizes that the total sum of the number of every individual verse (the
cumulative sum of verse numbers) in the Quran is an important parameter for the purpose of achieving
the objective of the current study, because this parameter has direct key role to play in protecting the
structure of the Quran. Because any change in the Quran with respect to deleting a verse or moving a
verse from chapter to another chapter or adding a verse to the Quran or minor distortion of the Quran’s
physical arrangement will force this parameter to change, therefore this parameter is extremely
important from mathematical structural design perspective. As a result, this study calculates the total
sum of the number of every individual verse (see Table 2), for Example, chapter 1 has 7 verses so its sum
is 1+2+3+4+5+6+7=28 and chapter 2 has 286 verses so its sum is 1+2+3+…+286=41041, and this goes
through the rest of the Quran giving the final total of 333667 (Table 2): a unique prime number in its own
right. Apparently, the cumulative sum of verse numbers of the Quran (333667) plays a central role in
protecting the organizational structure of the Quran from distortion of its physical arrangement.
Therefore, this golden number (333667) acts as a protection mechanism to protect the Quran’s structural
arrangement. Indeed, this prime number has unique mathematical properties that have long fascinated
mathematicians (see subsection 4.1 below). Therefore, selecting the cumulative sum of verse numbers
to equal 333667 must be the act of a supernatural intelligence. This is a substantial verification that a
supernatural Designer/Creator should have been involved in the Quran’s design and development.
Finally, in the coming sections, we will observe the importance of the total Abjad value (AV) of the Quran
(23506544) and the total numbers of each individual verse in the Quran (333667) in the development of
this important Quranic theory.

Table 1: Abjad values of the Arabic alphabet

Sequential 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Value
Arabic ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬
Alphabet
English alif baa jeem daal haa waaw zaay Haa Taa yaa kaaf laam meem noon
Transliteration aa b j d h w z H T y k l m n
Symbol
Abjad Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50

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Sequential 15 16 17 18 19 12 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Value
Arabic ‫س‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ث‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫غ‬
Alphabet
English seen aayn faa Saad qaaf raa sheen taa Thaa khaa thaal Daad DHaad ghayne
Transliteration s ’a f S q r sh t th kh dh D DH gh
Symbol
Abjad Value 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Table 2: Total number of verses, total sum of numbers of verses, total number of letters of chapters’
names and total
Abjad value of chapters’ names.
Sequential Chapter Chapter Number Total Sum Number of Abjad Value of
Number Name Name of Verses of Numbers Letters of Chapter’s
(Arabic) ^ (English) of Verses Chapter’s Name Name
1 ‫الفاتحه‬ al-Fatihah 7 28 7 525
2 ‫البقره‬ al-Baqarah 286 41041 6 338
3 ‫ال عمران‬ Al-Imran 200 20100 7 392
4 ‫النسا‬ an-Nisa’ 176 15576 5 142
5 ‫المايده‬ al-Ma’idah 120 7260 7 91
6 ‫االنعام‬ al-An`am 165 13695 7 193
7 ‫االعراف‬ al-A`raf 206 21321 7 383
8 ‫االنفال‬ al-Anfal 75 2850 7 193
9 ‫التوبه‬ at-Taubah 129 8385 6 444
10 ‫يونس‬ Yunus 109 5995 4 126
11 ‫هود‬ Hud 123 7626 3 15
12 ‫يوسف‬ Yusuf 111 6216 4 156
13 ‫الرعد‬ ar-Ra`d 43 946 5 305
14 ‫ابراهيم‬ Ibrahim 52 1378 7 259
15 ‫الحجر‬ al-Hijr 99 4950 5 242
16 ‫النحل‬ an-Nahl 128 8256 5 119
17 ‫االسرا‬ Al-Isra 111 6216 6 293
18 ‫الكهف‬ al-Kahf 110 6105 5 136
19 ‫مريم‬ Maryam 98 4851 4 290
20 ‫طه‬ Ta Ha 135 9180 2 14
21 ‫االنبيا‬ al-Anbiya’ 112 6328 7 95
22 ‫الحج‬ al-Hajj 78 3081 4 42
23 ‫ المومنون‬al-Mu’minun 118 7021 8 223
24 ‫النور‬ an-Nur 64 2080 5 287
25 ‫الفرقان‬ al-Furqan 77 3003 7 462
26 ‫ الشعرا‬ash-Shu`ara’ 227 25878 6 602
27 ‫النمل‬ an-Naml 93 4371 5 151
28 ‫القصص‬ al-Qasas 88 3916 5 311
29 ‫العنكبوت‬ al-`Ankabut 69 2415 8 579
30 ‫الروم‬ ar-Rum 60 1830 5 277
31 ‫لقمان‬ Luqman 34 595 5 221
32 ‫السجده‬ as-Sajdah 30 465 6 103
33 ‫االحزاب‬ al-Ahzab 73 2701 7 50
34 ‫سبا‬ Saba’ 54 1485 3 63
35 ‫فاطر‬ Fatir 45 1035 4 290
36 ‫يس‬ Ya Sin 83 3486 2 70
37 ‫الصافات‬ as-Saffat 182 16653 7 603
38 ‫ص‬ Sad 88 3916 1 90
39 ‫الزمر‬ az-Zumar 75 2850 5 278

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40 ‫غافر‬ Ghafir 85 3655 4 1281

41 ‫فصلت‬ Fussilat 54 1485 4 600
42 ‫الشوري‬ ash-Shura 53 1431 6 547
43 ‫الزخرف‬ az-Zukhruf 89 4005 6 918
44 ‫الدخان‬ ad-Dukhan 59 1770 6 686
45 ‫الجاثيه‬ al-Jathiyah 37 703 7 550
46 ‫االحقاف‬ al-Ahqaf 35 630 7 221
47 ‫محمد‬ Muhammad 38 741 4 92
48 ‫الفتح‬ al-Fath 29 435 5 519
49 ‫الحجرات‬ al-Hujurat 18 171 7 643
50 ‫ق‬ Qaf 45 1035 1 100
51 ‫الذاريات‬ ad-Dhariyat 60 1830 8 1343
52 ‫الطور‬ at-Tur 49 1225 5 246
53 ‫النجم‬ an-Najm 62 1953 5 124
54 ‫القمر‬ al-Qamar 55 1540 5 371
55 ‫الرحمن‬ ar-Rahman 78 3081 6 329
56 ‫الواقعه‬ al-Waqi`ah 96 4656 7 213
57 ‫الحديد‬ al-Hadid 29 435 6 57

Continue Table 2
Sequential Chapter Chapter Number Total Sum of Number of Letters Abjad Value of
Number Name Name (English) of Numbers of of Chapter’s Chapter’s
(Arabic)^ Verses Verses Name Name
58 ‫المجادله‬ al-Mujadilah 22 253 8 114
59 ‫الحشر‬ al-Hashr 24 300 5 539
60 ‫الممتحنه‬ al-Mumtahanah 13 91 8 574
61 ‫الصف‬ as-Saff 14 105 4 201
62 ‫الجمعه‬ al-Jumu`ah 11 66 6 149
63 ‫المنافقون‬ al-Munafiqun 11 66 9 358
64 ‫التغابن‬ at-Taghabun 18 171 7 1484
65 ‫الطالق‬ at-Talaq, 12 78 6 171
66 ‫التحريم‬ at-Tahrim 12 78 7 689
67 ‫الملك‬ al-Mulk 30 465 5 121
68 ‫القلم‬ al-Qalam 52 1378 5 201
69 ‫الحاقه‬ al-Haqqah 52 1378 6 145
70 ‫المعارج‬ al-Ma`arij 44 990 7 345
71 ‫نوح‬ Nuh 28 406 3 64
72 ‫الجن‬ al-Jinn 28 406 4 84
73 ‫المزمل‬ al-Muzammil 20 210 6 148
74 ‫المدثر‬ al-Mudathir 56 1596 6 775
75 ‫القيامه‬ al-Qiyamah 40 820 7 187
76 ‫االنسان‬ al-Insane 31 496 7 193
77 ‫المرسالت‬ al-Mursalat 50 1275 8 762
78 ‫النبا‬ an-Naba’ 40 820 5 84
79 ‫النازعات‬ an-Nazi`at 46 1081 8 560
80 ‫عبس‬ `Abasa 42 903 3 132
81 ‫التكوير‬ at-Takwir 29 435 7 667
82 ‫االنفطار‬ al-Infitar 19 190 8 372
83 ‫المطففين‬ Al-Mutaffifeen 36 666 8 300
84 ‫االنشقاق‬ al-Inshiqaq 25 325 8 583
85 ‫البروج‬ al-Buruj 22 253 6 242
86 ‫الطارق‬ at-Tariq 17 153 6 341
87 ‫االعلي‬ al-A`la 19 190 6 142

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88 ‫الغاشيه‬ al-Ghashiya 26 351 7 1347

89 ‫الفجر‬ al-Fajr 30 465 5 314
90 ‫البلد‬ al-Balad 20 210 5 67
91 ‫الشمس‬ ash-Shams 15 120 5 431
92 ‫الليل‬ al-Layl 21 231 5 101
93 ‫الضحي‬ ad-Duha 11 66 5 849
94 ‫الشرح‬ ash-Sharh 8 36 5 539
95 ‫التين‬ at-Tin 8 36 5 491
96 ‫العلق‬ al-`Alaq 19 190 5 231
97 ‫القدر‬ al-qadr 5 15 5 335
98 ‫البينه‬ al-Bayyinah 8 36 6 98
89 ‫الزلزله‬ Az-Zalzala 8 36 7 110
100 ‫العاديات‬ al-`Adiyat 11 66 8 517
101 ‫القارعه‬ al-Qari`ah 11 66 7 407
102 ‫التكاثر‬ at-Takathur 8 36 7 1152
103 ‫العصر‬ al-`Asr 3 6 5 391
104 ‫الهمزه‬ al-Humazah 9 45 6 88
105 ‫الفيل‬ al-Fil 5 15 5 151
106 ‫قريش‬ al-Quraish 4 10 4 610
107 ‫الماعون‬ al-Ma`un 7 28 7 198
108 ‫الكوثر‬ al-Kauthar 3 6 6 757
109 ‫الكافرون‬ al-Kafirun 6 21 8 388
110 ‫النصر‬ an-Nasr 3 6 5 371
111 ‫المسد‬ Al-Masad 5 15 5 135
112 ‫االخالص‬ al-Ikhlas 4 10 7 753
113 ‫الفلق‬ al-Falaq 5 15 5 241
114 ‫الناس‬ an-Nas 6 21 5 142
Total 6236 333667 652 40234
Note: ^Chapters’ names are written in accordance with the first drawing of the Quran.

Table 3: The Abjad value of the Quran (322604 letters)

Number Letter in Letter in Letter’s Letter Frequency Total Abjad Value
Arabic English Abjad Value
1 ‫ا‬ aa 1 52655 52655
2 ‫ب‬ b 2 11491 22982
3 ‫ج‬ j 3 3317 9951
4 ‫د‬ d 4 5991 23964
5 ‫ه‬ h 5 17194 85970
6 ‫و‬ w 6 25676 154056
7 ‫ز‬ z 7 1599 11193
8 ‫ح‬ H 8 4140 33120
9 ‫ط‬ T 9 1273 11457
10 ‫ي‬ y 10 25746 257460
11 ‫ك‬ k 20 10497 209940
12 ‫ل‬ l 30 38102 1143060
13 ‫م‬ m 40 26735 1069400
14 ‫ن‬ n 50 27268 1363400
15 ‫س‬ s 60 6010 360600
16 ‫ع‬ ’a 70 9405 658350
17 ‫ف‬ f 80 8747 699760
18 ‫ص‬ S 90 2074 186660
19 ‫ق‬ q 100 7034 703400
20 ‫ر‬ r 200 12403 2480600
21 ‫ش‬ sh 300 2124 637200

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22 ‫ت‬ t 400 10520 4208000

23 ‫ث‬ th 500 1414 707000
24 ‫خ‬ kh 600 2497 1498200
25 ‫ذ‬ th 700 4932 3452400
26 ‫ض‬ D 800 1686 1348800
27 ‫ظ‬ DH 900 853 767700
28 ‫غ‬ gh 1000 1221 1221000
Total 5995 322604 23378278

Table 4: Total number of letters, words and Abjad value of the whole Quran: the three divine components
Component Number of Letters Number of Words Abjad Value (AV)
The Quran (6236 Verses) 322604 86967 23378278
The 112 un-numbered 2128 (19×112) 448( 4×112) 88032 (786×112)
Basmalahs^
Names of chapters (Surahs) 652 115 40234
Total 325384 87530 23506544
Note: ^ Each Basmalah consists of 4 words and 19 letters with a total Abjad value of 786.

4. Theory

4.1 Quran constant

This study recognizes the importance of the numerical value that represents mathematically the
combination of both the textual content and the organizational structure/arrangement of the Quran.
This numerical value will be referred to in the current study as Quran Constant (QC). Indisputably, this
constant should not permit any change in the text (omissions or additions) or change in the physical
structure of the Quran (moving verses from chapter to another or deleting a verse or adding a verse).
Indeed, this constant (QC) provides a protection mechanism against any attempt to change the text or
the organizational structure of the Quran. The Quran Constant will instantaneously expose any slight
distortion of the Quran’s text or physical structure/arrangement. Overall, the Quran Constant can be
considered as the numerical value that represents the mathematical design of the Quran from both
textual and organizational structure perspective.

Mathematically, the total Abjad value (AV) of the whole Quran (the Quran consists of 325384 letters with
total Abjad value equals 23506544) can be used to represent the textual content of the whole Quran (see
Table 4). Definitely, any change to the text of the Quran will be directly reflected upon the total Abjad
value, especially additions or omissions or textual distortion. It is apparent that the total Abjad value of
the Quran can be perceived as being the value that controls the text in the Quran, this implies that any
distortion to the text will force the total Abjad value to change. Therefore, the first value to be considered
in determining the Quran Constant is logically the total Abjad value of the Quran (AV=23506544).

The second numerical value must have the mathematical properties that control the organizational
structure of the Quran. Definitely, the structural design of the Quran is basically related to chapters and
verses and how verses are distributed among different chapters, each chapter has certain number of
verses ranging from 3 to 286 verses. The distribution of verses among chapters has been historically
confirmed to be a divine institution (Haleem, 2005). The chapter/verse distribution is an important
criterion to gauge the way the Quran is structurally organized into chapters. The one and the only
numerical value which can be potentially a candidate to play the role of preserving the
structure/arrangement of the Quran is the cumulative sum of verse numbers (333667) (Table 2).
Definitely, this numerical value governs the organizational structure of the Quran, whereby it does not
permit any movement of any verse from chapter to another or adding or deleting a verse. Thus, this
important number acts as a protection mechanism against any attempt to tamper with the physical
structure/arrangement of the Quran.

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Up to now, this number (333667) has not been given its due in all studies conducted in relation to the
numerology of the Quran. However, this number, 333667, will be the cornerstone of this study since its
value has a direct influence on the organizational structure/arrangement of the Quran. Surprisingly, this
number has many unique attributes and characteristics that make it one of the most important, if not,
THE most important six-digit prime number. As far as the Quran is concerned, the sum of its digits
(3+3+3+6+6+7) equals 28 (which is the total number of Arabic alphabets) and this number (28) plays an
important role in the forthcoming analysis of current study. Further, if we multiply each digit of this prime
number with the next digit and add the results (3  3+3  3+3  6+6  6+6  7), it gives 114 and this equals
the total number of the Quran chapters. Furthermore, this 6-digit prime number has many interesting
mathematical properties that distinguish it from all 6-digit prime numbers. First, 333667 prime factor is
the largest prime factor of the palindrome 12345678987654321. Second, the greatest prime factor of 9-
digit repdigit is 333667. Third, when any 3-digit number is multiplied by 333667 and 3, the result will
always be the same 3-digit number replicated 3 times. For example, 111x333667x3=111111111. Truly, it can
never be a mere coincidence that the sum of the Quran verses numbers equals 333667 because this
unique six-digit prime number is unlikely to be used in the design of the Quran through human
involvement at the time when the Quran was revealed 1400 years ago. Definitely, today’s numbering
systems didn’t exist at the time of the revelation of the Quran and obviously no human at that time may
have appreciated the unique and interesting mathematical properties of this prime number (333667).
Therefore, it must be a divine power supernaturally designed the Quran in such a way that the total sum
of the Quran verses numbers equals 333667.

The Quran Constant (QC) can be considered as the numerical value that exposes any slight distortion or
change in the Quran’s text and/or its structure/arrangement. Since Almighty God promised to protect the
Quran from both textual and structural distortions so the Quran Constant can be the mathematical
measure to achieve that protection. Thus, to serve this objective, the Quran Constant will be derived by
dividing the total Abjad value of the Quran (23506544) with the cumulative sum of verse numbers in the
Quran (333667). We write
23506544
Quran Constant(Q C)   70.44911244. (1)
333667
QC is a measure of Abjad value per each value of the cumulative sum of verse numbers. Thus, one can
say that the Quran was mathematically coded and structured based on the numerical value of the Quran
Constant. Therefore, the Quran Constant is a measure of mathematical design of the Quranic contents.
This implies that when the Quran was revealed 1400 years ago, Almighty God designed and constructed
the Holy Quran in such a way that each value of the cumulative sum of verse numbers holds a value of
70.44911244 of Abjad value. Further, the current theory recognizes that since the Quran Constant
numerically resembles the way Quran was mathematically designed, structured and configured.
Consequently, the Quran Constant must have the keys to unlock the secrets of the Quran, such as
unleashing numerically the Quran statistics (words, verses and chapters) and revealing the Quran’s
numerical connection with the golden ratio.

4.2 Quranic golden ratio

The golden ratio (Ф) is mathematically simple and usually approximated to 1.618. There are many
interesting mathematical properties that have been attributed to the golden ratio which make it unique
among all numbers (Kak, 2009). The golden ratio has pervasively manifested in the design and
construction of many living and non-living objects in nature. Indeed, the golden ratio possesses the
mathematical properties and characteristics that numerous natural objects and phenomena seem to
follow. Many scientists have called the golden ratio as God’s fingerprint which shows up all over in nature
(Livio, 2008; Zonnefeld, 2015). In nature, any product design based on golden ratio seems to be naturally
connected with a Creator - the Master Engineer. Categorically, this divine ratio is a naturally occurring
mathematical principle. Many believe that the golden ratio is a fundamental characteristic of the universe
(Hejazi, 2004; Livio, 2008; Kak, 2009). Because of the golden ratio’s unique mathematical properties, all

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divine scriptures have been extensively subjected to varying degrees of numerical analysis to associate
them in a way or another to the golden ratio in order to prove their divinity, credibility and divine
authorship (Man, 2002). In fact, the golden ratio has been reported to have an interesting theological
trajectory. As far as I am aware, as yet, no research findings have been reported to have linked any of
the divine scriptures to the golden ratio.

One of the main intentions of this study is to demonstrate if there is any numerical connection between
the Quran and the golden ratio. Indeed, it has been proved beyond doubt that many living and non-living
objects follow the mathematical rules and properties of the golden ratio. Definitely, if the Quran was
crafted by Almighty God it is most likely that there exists a connection between the Quran and the golden
ratio. The current study proposes that if there is a basis for a supernatural intelligent design in the Quran
then logically the golden ratio may have been the primary foundation for its overall design.

The current study has already computed an index called the Quran Constant (QC) that governs the
aspects of textual content and physical structural design of the Quran. Thus, it is mathematically
demonstrable to suggest that this numerical index symbolizes the mathematical design of the Quran. In
other words, the Quran has been transformed into an index called the Quran Constant (QC=70.44911244)
that can be used to guarantee the preservation of both the text and the structure/arrangement of the
Quran. Consequently, this index will be carried forward in this study for further analysis. Furthermore, it
is known that the Noble Quran has various important numerals that constitute its structure and design.
The most highly visible among Muslims is the total number of chapters, whereby the Quran is comprised
of 114 chapters of varying lengths ranging from 3 to 286 verses and each verse varies in length from two
letters to a full page. In other words, the text of the Quran is physically organized in 114 chapters and was
performed through divine total involvement according to multiple references (Yauri et al., 2012; Almujalli,
2014; Aboul-Enein, 2016). Therefore, an important question to be asked, is there any quantitative
connection between the Quran Constant (70.44911244) and the total number of chapters (114)? We write
114 114
  1.618189301. (2)
QC 70.44911244
It is remarkably interesting that the ratio of the total number of chapters of the Quran (114) which
represents the physical design of the Quran and the Quran Constant (70.44911244) which represents the
mathematical design of the Quran is extremely in close agreement with the ideal golden ratio
(1.6180339887) and the ideal/calculated ratio is within 99.99%. Highly accurate evaluation of the golden
ratio in the Quran and other Holy Books has never been achieved before, even though, many different
studies of varying methodologies, approaches and techniques have been implemented on all
monotheistic scriptures (Man, 2002). Definitely, this remarkable result is extraordinarily compelling
evidence that provides a clear support for the divine authorship of the Quran. More importantly, this
study has its own unique peculiarity in comparison with other studies since it has incorporated all textual
content of the Quran, including the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and the names of Quran chapters.
Therefore, the calculated golden ratio in this study revealing a strong connection with the whole textual
content of the Quran, unlike most previous studies and analysis which have focused primarily on a small
subset of the Quran (Akhtaruzzaman and Shafie, 2011).

Undoubtedly, this important result comprehensively proves that the Quran is structured in a way that it
follows the golden ratio pattern and therefore according to a superhuman intelligent design. The
presence of the golden ratio in the design and structuring of the Quran implies that there must be a
Creator for this Holy Book (Livio, 2008). Indeed, without any reasonable doubt, this mathematical
phenomenon cannot happen by sheer coincidence or chance because the probability of having this great
mathematical phenomenon in the design of the Quran is almost infinitesimal. In conclusion, the numerical
evidence provides by this study is so thoroughly convincing and conclusive to the effect that anyone can
unequivocally believe that the Quranic design and development must be meticulously inspired and
conducted by superhuman power of Almighty God.

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4.3 Words total in the Quran

The development of a mathematical relationship or an algorithmic equation to determine the total

number of words in a human authored book is so overwhelmingly impossible task. In fact, it is absolutely
unattainable to link numerically the relationship between the total number of letters and the total
number words in a human designed book. Such scenario could only be achievable if supernatural
intelligent design has been responsible for authoring the book. The big question: does the Quran have
an embedded mathematical formula that leads to the knowledge of the ratio of the total number of
letters and the total number of words?

To answer this, we need to compute a numerical value that represents one of the mathematical
characteristics of the Abjad numerals. As far as I am aware, no one has yet used this mathematical
property of the Abjad numerals in the numerology of the Quran. The importance of this numerical value
has clearly manifested in the current study because this study has observed that Almighty God embeds a
unique mathematical relationship between this numerical value and the Quran Constant that will
surprisingly lead to the ratio of the total number of letters and the total number of words of the Quran
with extremely high accuracy. This numerical value is given the symbol,  A . In the Abjad numerals
system the 28 Arabic alphabets are assigned values from 1,2,3,…to 7,8,9, then 10,20,30,….to 70,80,90,
then 100,200,300…..to 1000) (Table 1). We define  A mathematically as follows

28 1
A   AV(n)
, (3)
n 1
where AV(n) is the Abjad value of the nth alphabet (Table 1). Thus

28
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
A    (    ...     ...  
AV(n) 1 2 3 9 10 20

90 100 200
 ... 
900 1000
). (4)
n 1
Therefore
263857
A   3.1411547619. (5)
84000

This numerical value is a property of the Abjad numerals and constant for any textual book written in
Arabic language whether it is a divine scripture or human authored book. Surprisingly, the sum of the
first 28 digits of πA (πA=3.141154761904761904761904761) is equal to 114, the total sum of the Quran’s
chapters.

We recall that the Quran Constant (QC) has been computed and is directly proportional to the Abjad
value of the Quran. However, πA was calculated and it is inversely proportional to the Abjad value.
Therefore, generally we expect that there is an exponential relationship between the two numerical
values: QC and πA, (Figure 3), such as
1
QC  , (6)
A
or
QC   Aq LW , (7)
where q LW is an exponential proportionality constant. By taking the natural algorithm of both sides of
equation and substitute for QC and πA, we get

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log e (QC) log e (70.44911244)

q LW    3.717391219. (8)
log e ( A ) log e (3.1411547619)
Remarkably, the result ( q LW =3.717391219) obtained is almost practically identical to the actual ratio of
the total number of letters divided by the total number of words (letters/word ratio) in the Holy Quran
(325384/87530= 3.717399749). Further, according to this result, the total number of words in the Quran
can be calculated to give
Total Quran' s letters 325384
Total number of words    87530.20085. (9)
q LW 3.717391219
According to the first drawing of the Quran (the way the Quran was written and documented under the
direct guidance and supervision of Prophet Muhammad), the actual total number of words in the Quran
is 87530 (Table 4). This is a miraculous correspondence between the theoretical result obtained by the
current study and the Quran (the actual/calculated ratio is within 99.9998%). More importantly, the
calculation of q LW can be seen largely as a validation
criterion of both the total number of letters and the
total number of words in the Quran. Definitely, the
mathematical formula obtained in this study proves
without any reasonable doubt that Almighty God, in
a supernatural way, embedded the ratio of the total
Figure 3: Letter/word relation
number of letters and the total number words in a
mathematical system that governs the structural design and composition of the Quran. Definitely, this
amazing mathematically-based invisible, unobservable phenomenon in the Quran as manifested by the
numerical determination of the total number of words provides an overwhelming tangible, brilliant and
convincing proof of its authenticity and divine revelation. Certainly, there can be no natural or earthly
explanation of this mathematical phenomenon.

4.4 Verses total in the Quran

It is never an easy task to provide the theoretical means to evaluate the total number of verses in the
Quran because how words of the Quran are distributed among verses can never be known or predicted
mathematically. In fact, some verses are two letters words and some between one-half and one full-page.
However, this type of analysis could be practically possible if Almighty God has embedded some
mathematical structure that lends itself to simplify the computation.

For the calculation of the total number of verses in the Quran and in accordance with how the Quran is
mathematically structured, we need to derive another important mathematical properties of the Abjad
numerals, whereby the current study has noticed that such value together with the Quran Constant (QC)
will numerically simplify the mathematical calculation of the ratio of total number of verses divided by
the total number of letters through a hierarchical mathematical structure corresponds with the chain of
verse-word-letter system. This numerical value (q V ) is defined as

28
qV   AV(n), (10)
n 1
where AV(n) is the Abjad value of the nth alphabet (Table 1). Therefore

28
qV   AV(n)  (1  2  3  ...9  10  20  ...  90  100  200  ...900  1000)  5995. (11)
n 1

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Again, this numerical value ( q V =5995) is constant whether the text under investigation is of divine
nature or human-authored nature. If we add up the four digits (5+9+9+5), it surprisingly gives 28. The
hierarchical mathematical structure of the chain of verse-word-letter system plays an important role in
determining the total number of verses in the Quran. In fact, we need to develop two relationships to
compute the total number of verses through the chain of verse-word-letter system because verses are
composed of words and words are composed of letters. The interrelation between the two values (QC
and q V ) can be utilized in accordance with how Almighty God structures the relationships between them
to evaluate the total number of verses of the Quran. In the current theoretical study, we need to realize
that the heart of all calculations is the Quran Constant. Indeed, in accordance with how Almighty God
embeds the mathematical structure in the Quran’s composition, the mathematical relationships between
verses, words and letters can be grouped in two (see Figure 4):
(1) The first relationship (r1) between q V and QC, the relationship between them is linear because each
of them was defined and derived based on direct proportionality with the Abjad value.
(2) The second relationship (r2) consists of two links: the first link between q V and πA, and this link is
exponential because πA was defined and derived based on inverse proportionality with the Abjad value
(AV). The second link is between πA, and QC, and this link has already been investigated in the previous
section and it is an exponential one. Apparently, in accordance with how Almighty God embeds the
mathematical structure in the Quran, the two relationships are interrelated with verse per letters ratio in
the following manner:
q VL  r1  r2 , (12)
where q VL is the ratio between the total number of verses divided by the total number of letters. In
order to comply with how Quran has been mathematically structured, we need to take the natural
algorithm of both sides of equation (12), so we get

log e (q VL )  log e (r1 )  log e (r2 ). (13)

Therefore, as discussed above (Figure 4) we substitute in equation (13) for log e (r1 ) by log e (QC/q V ) and
for log e (r2 ) (this relation consists of two links and its numerical value is equal to the multiplied values of
both links and this complies with the way the Quran mathematically structured) (see Figure 4) by

log e ( A ) log e (QC) log e (QC)

*  .
log e (q v ) log e ( A ) log e (q v )

We have

log e (q VL )  log e ( )
QC
qv
log (QC)
 e
log e (q v )
. (14)

We substitute for QC and q V in equation (14), we obtain

log e (q VL )  log e ( 70.44911244

5995
) 
log e (70.44911244)
log e (5995)
 -4.443790428  0.489142044. (15)
Thus
loge (qVL )  3.954648384. (16)
Consequently
q VL  0.019165406 Verse/lett ers. (17)

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Therefore
Total number of verses  325384  0.019165406  6236.116466. (18)

The actual total number of verses in the Quran= 6236 (Table 2). The amazing correspondence between
the calculated numerical value and the actual value (the actual/calculated ratio is within 99.998%)
provides concrete evidence that the
Quran is a definitive divine revelation.
Indeed, the elegant relationship in
equation (14) embedded by Almighty
God, the Master Engineer, is
straightforward and yet there is no
earthly explanation of how different
parameters in the Quran and the
mathematical properties Abjad numeral
system are structured and arranged to
achieve this remarkable mathematical
phenomenon. Figure 4: Verse/letters relations

4.5 Chapters total in the Quran

Any attempt to compute the total number of chapters in the Quran is undoubtedly extremely challenging
and unachievable task. Apparently, how the Quran was organized into chapters is simply mysterious to
humans. There is no trace of any kind of how verses were distributed among the 114 chapters and these
are varying in length from 3 to 286 verses. Any successful effort to evaluate the total number of chapters
in the Quran must be implemented through mathematical structure that divinely embedded in the
Quran’s composition. The current study will expose the secret and unlock the mathematical knowledge
necessary to derive the equation from which the total number of the chapters can be simplistically
determined.

The normal chain of the Quran consists of chapter-verse-word-letter. However, the current study has
observed that the mathematical structure embedded in the Quran only provides tracking of three
parameters (chapter-verse-word). The interrelated relationships between these three parameters
(chapter, verse and word) will be analyzed for the purpose of determining the equation for the ratio of
words per chapter.

To achieve this objective, we need first to determine a numerical value that plays a central role in the
forthcoming numerical analysis. This numerical value (q C ) will be used in the current study together
with QC, and q V to derive the equation needed to determine the ratio of words per chapter in the Quran.
The definition of q C mathematically will be as follows
28  1 
qC     AV(n). (19)
n  1 
AV(n)

It is clear that the two expressions inside the square bracket in equation (19) are similar to those defined
for πA and q V (See equations (3) and (10)). On simplification of equation (19), we have

28
qC   1  [1  1  1  ...  1  1  1]  28. (20)
n 1

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This is very interesting numerical value and it represents the total number of Arabic alphabets which is
the same as the total number of digits the Abjad numeral system consists of. Thus, q C is a constant value
and a characteristic of the Abjad numerals whether the text is divine-based or human-based. The
mathematical relationships between chapters, verses and words can be grouped in two as set by the
divinely embedded mathematical structure of the Quran (see Figure 5, no link between q V and QC exists
in this figure because there is no connective relationship between words and letters in the process of
calculating the total number of chapters):
q C and q V the relationship is linear because q V was defined and
(1) The first relationship (r3) between
derived based on direct proportionality with the Abjad value (AV) and q C is a constant value.
(2) The second relationship (r4) consists of two links: the first link between q C and πA, and this link is
exponential one because πA was defined and derived based on inverse proportionality with the Abjad
value. The second link is between πA and QC, and this link has already been investigated and it is an
exponential one. Actually, with regard to how Almighty God embeds the mathematical structure in the
Noble Quran, both relationships (r3 and r4) are interrelated with words per chapter ratio as follows

q WC  r3  r4 , (21)

where q WC is words per chapter. Similar to the above, we take the natural algorithm of both sides of
equation (22), thus we have

log e (q WC )  log e (r3 )  log e (r4 ). (22)

Consequently, as discussed above (Figure 5) we substitute in equation (22) for log e (r3 ) by log e (q V /q C )
and log e (r4 ) (this relation consists of two links and its numerical value equals the multiplied values of
both links and this agrees with the way the Quran is mathematically structured) (see Figure 5) by

log e ( A ) log e (QC) log e (QC)

*  .
log e (q C ) log e ( A ) log e (q C )

We have

log e (q WC )  log e ( )
qV
qC

log e (QC)
log e (q C )
. (23)

We substitute for the values of q V , q C and QC in equation (23), we get

log e (q WC )  log e ( )
5995
28

log e (70.44911244)
log e (28)
 5.366476557  1.27689961  6.643376167. (24)
Therefore
q WC  767.6824469 Words per chapter. (25)
However, it is more appropriate to calculate letters per chapter ( q LC ) because this theory has been
developed primarily around Quran’s letters (however, the difference in calculating the total number of
chapters in the Quran whether we use words per chapter or letters per chapter are too small to be
significant). We write (letters/chapter=letters/word*words/chapter)
qLC  qLW  q WC, (26)

where q LC is letters per chapter and q LW (= 3.717391219 ) is letters per word (see subsection 4.3).

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 Al-Faqih, JAH (2017), Vol. 06, No. 06: 52-73

On substitution for q LW and q WC in equation (26), we have

q LC  3.717391219  767.6824469  2853.7759871 Letters per chapter. (27)

Consequently

Total Quran letters

Total number of chapters in the Quran 
Letters per chapter
325384
  114.01876. (28)
2853.7759871
However, the Quran is physically
organized in 114 chapters (Surahs). This
study provides a theoretical value of the
total number of chapters (=114.01876).
This incredible agreement between the
theoretical result of this theory and the
actual value (the actual/calculated ratio is
within 99.984%) proves that Quran is
mathematically designed and
structured far beyond human capability
and comprehension. The truth of the
matter is that no human element will
have the capacity to even come close to Figure 5: Words/chapter relations
realize how the Quran is organized in 114 chapters in order to make this powerful mathematically-based
phenomenon a reality. In conclusion, this mathematically-based theory is probably the most solidly
concrete, thoroughly convincing, absolutely conclusive, extraordinarily impeccable and theoretically
provable discovery of all time that provides an overwhelmingly clear manifestation of God’s revelation
of the Quran.

5. Contributions and concluding remarks

One of the most prominent features of this theory that it is totally based on text delivered to Prophet
Muhammad and drawn using the primary 28 alphabets of the Arabic language which consists of 6236
verses and physically organized in 114 chapters (Uthmanic manuscript). A letter is counted if it is physically
written (similar to English language) and this precisely corresponds to the first drawing of the Quran.

A key contribution of this work is the determination of the Quran Constant (70.44911244) which
represents the mathematical design of the Quran. This numerical value can be used for preserving the
Quran from any distortion and alteration. The Quran Constant has proved to be of vital importance for
the determination of many important numerical features in the Quran such as the total number of
Quran’s primary Quran statistics (words, verses and chapters). This is the first study to prove beyond any
reasonable doubt that the mathematical design of the Quran is predominantly based on the golden ratio.
Indeed, this theory has definitely revealed that the Quran’s mathematical composition follows the golden
ratio principles. Indeed, the present finding provides clear evidence of supernatural intelligence in the
design of the Quran.

One of the most seminal contributions of this theory is the determination of the Quran primary
parameters. This theory has revealed that the Quran was mathematically-structured through divinely
embedded design based on the Abjad numerical system, and as a result elegant equations have been
derived for calculating the Quran basic statistics (words, verses and chapters) with extremely high
accuracy. More significantly, the ratio between the total number of letters divided by the total number
of words ( q LW =3.717391219) determined in this study can be practically seen as a validation criterion of
both the total number of letters and the total number of words in the Quran. What has been achieved

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A mathematical phenomenon in the Quran of earth-shattering proportions …

regarding the primary Quran statistics in this study is in itself a remarkable contribution, and this provides
overarching evidence that the Quran is inimitable and a supernatural force beyond human capability has
been involved in its design, institution and authorship.

Based on the findings of the current theory, it has been mathematically supported that the Quran as a
divine entity is composed textually of three components: the Quran that consists of 6236 verses (114
chapters), the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and the names of the 114 chapters. Indeed, this is the first
study to acknowledge theoretically and mathematically that the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and the
names of the Quran’s chapters are divinely inspired. This is by itself a notable contribution.

This is the first study to have discovered that the Quran was structured and organized according to Abjad
numerals. This implies that the Quran has been mathematically coded via Abjad numerals, which is in
itself a great contribution in its own right. This proves beyond doubt that the Quran was divinely inspired.
To the best of my knowledge this is the first study to prove theoretically that the gematrical numeral
systems is the mathematical language that governs the structure and design of a monotheistic book like
the Quran. What does this mean? For one thing, it means that we are witnessing a mathematical-based
phenomenon of earth shattering proportions. Also, this proves that Abjad numerals are valid
numerological decimal systems. Thus, Abjad numerals cannot be thought of any more as borne out of a
mere randomness or chance. Indeed, I would like to go further by stating that gematrical-based systems
are most likely to be divinely-inspired. Given the nature of the results of the current study, one can
categorically recognize that the Quran is perfectly protected and preserved from all forms of changes
and alterations. This implies that the Quran has never undergone any type of distortion or loss or any
corruption or alteration or tampering from the day it was revealed some 1400 years ago. Therefore, this
theory has authenticated the first drawing of the Quran and proved the credibility of the Uthmanic
manuscript which is identical to the original revealed text. Indisputably, the divine authorship and
authenticity of the Quran have been theoretically established and confirmed.

Finally, the outcomes of this theory genuinely provide further evidence to substantiate and consolidate
that Muhammad is a true Messenger of God.

6. Implications

Indeed, beyond any doubt, this study has brought about a new research direction and new research
thinking in numerological studies of the Quran. As a result, a new door is now open for new research
venues and new insights in the science and frontiers of Quran numerology. Apparently, it is expected
that scientists and researchers will carry out more extensive research on the Quran using Abjad numerals.
Indeed, these areas of research have been misjudged and misinterpreted before because of the negative
attitudes of few leading researchers in the field who have been always pushing research away from using
the concept of gematria in the science of the Quran numerology. This is because, according to them, no
one has yet achieved any significant outcome in that regard. In addition, the current theory could prove
potentially useful for revealing new mathematical trends, patterns and structures in the Quran that will
genuinely provide further proof to authenticate and substantiate the fact that the message of the Quran
is divinely protected and brilliantly codified beyond human capability (study in preparation).

7. Acknowledgement

I thank my wife for all her care, wisdom, understanding, patience, encouragement and support over the
years and for being my motivation when days were tough.

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