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What is Python?
Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released
in 1991.
It is used for:
 web development (server-side),

 software development,
 mathematics,
 system scripting.
What can Python do?
 Python can be used on a server to create web applications.

 Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
 Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files.
 Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics.
 Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development.
Why Python?
 Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc).
 Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
 Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some
other programming languages.
 Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it is
written. This means that prototyping can be very quick.
 Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-oriented way or a functional way.
Good to know
 The most recent major version of Python is Python 3, which we shall be using in this
tutorial. However, Python 2, although not being updated with anything other than
security updates, is still quite popular.
 In this tutorial Python will be written in a text editor. It is possible to write Python in an
Integrated Development Environment, such as Thonny, Pycharm, Netbeans or Eclipse
which are particularly useful when managing larger collections of Python files.
Python Syntax compared to other programming languages
 Python was designed for readability, and has some similarities to the English language
with influence from mathematics.
 Python uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed to other programming
languages which often use semicolons or parentheses.
 Python relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define scope; such as the scope of
loops, functions and classes. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for
this purpose.
Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
Creating Variables
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
Example
x=5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)
Case-Sensitive
Variable names are case-sensitive.
Example
This will create two variables:
a=4
A = "Sally"
Python Conditions and If statements

Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:
 Equals: a == b
 Not Equals: a != b
 Less than: a < b
 Less than or equal to: a <= b
 Greater than: a > b
 Greater than or equal to: a >= b
These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if statements" and loops.
An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.
Example
If statement:
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
In this example we use two variables, a and b, which are used as part of the if statement to test whether
b is greater than a. As a is 33, and b is 200, we know that 200 is greater than 33, and so we print to
screen that "b is greater than a".
Indentation
Python relies on indentation (whitespace at the beginning of a line) to define scope in the code.
Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for this purpose.
Example
If statement, without indentation (will raise an error):
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a") # you will get an error
Elif
The elif keyword is Python's way of saying "if the previous conditions were not true, then try this
condition".
Example
a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
Elif
The elif keyword is Python's way of saying "if the previous conditions were not true, then try this
condition".
Example
a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
elif a == b:
Else
The else keyword catches anything which isn't caught by the preceding conditions.
Example
a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
elif a == b:
else:
print("a is greater than b")
Python Loops
Python has two primitive loop commands:
 while loops
 for loops
The while Loop

With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.
Example
Print i as long as i is less than 6:
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i=i+1
The while loop requires relevant variables to be ready, in this example we need to define an indexing
variable, i, which we set to 1.
Python For Loops

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or
a string).
This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works more like an
iterator method as found in other object-orientated programming languages.
With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.
The range() Function

To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use the range() function,
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments
by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.
Example
Using the range() function:
for x in range(6):
print(x)
Note that range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.
The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is possible to specify the starting
value by adding a parameter: range(2, 6), which means values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6):
Example
Using the start parameter:
for x in range(2, 6):

print(x)

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What is Python?

 web development (server-side),

What can Python do?

 Python can be used on a server to create web applications.

Python Syntax compared to other programming languages

A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.

This will create two variables:

Python Conditions and If statements

An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.

If statement, without indentation (will raise an error):

The while Loop

Print i as long as i is less than 6:

Python For Loops

The range() Function

Using the range() function:

Using the start parameter:

for x in range(2, 6):

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