Determine the current flowing through an element if the charge flow is given by: (a) q(t) = (3t + 8) mC
(b) q(t) = ( 8t 2 4t 2 )C
(c) q(t) =( 3e 1 5e 2t )nC
Solution: (a) i = dq/dt = 3 mA (b) (b) i = dq/dt = (16t + 4) A (c) (c) i = dq/dt = (-3e-t + 10e-2t) nA
2.Find the charge q(t) flowing through a device if the current is: (a) i(t) = 3A, q(0) = 1C (b) i(t) =(2t + 5)mA, q(0) = 0 Solution:
(a) q(t ) i(t )dt q(0) 3t 1
(b) q(t ) i(t )dt q(0) t 2 5t
3.The charge entering the positive terminal of an element is q 5 sin 4t
mC ,while the voltage across the element (plus to minus) is v 3 cos 4t V . (a)Find the power delivered to the element at t = 0.3s; (b)Calculate the energy delivered to the element between 0 and 0.6s. Solution: (a) i = (dq/dt) = 20 cos 4t mC
P = vi = 60 cos2 (4t ) mW
At t = 0.3s, p = vi = 60 cos2 (4 0.3) mW = 123.37 mW
0. 6 (b) W = ptdt 60 0 cos 2 (4t ) dt 58.76 mJ 4.Find the power absorbed by each of he elements in Fig.4. t
Solution: p1 = 30(-10) = -300 W p2 = 10(10) = 100 W p3 = 20(14) = 280 W p4 = 8(-4) = -32 W p5 = 12(-4) = -48 W
5.Two electric circuits,represented by boxes A and B,are connected as shown in
Fig.5. The reference direction for the current i in the interconnection and the reference polarity for the voltage v across the interconnection are as shown in the figure. For each of the power in the interconnection and state whether the power is flowing A to B or vice versa. (a) i = 10 A, v = 125 V (b) i = 5 A, v = -240 V (c) i = -12 A, v = 480 V (d) i = -25 A, v = -669V
solution: [a] p = (30)(6) = 180 W 180 W from A to B [b] p = (−20)(−8) = 160 W 160 W from A to B [c] p = (−60)(4) = −240 W 240 W from B to A [d] p = (40)(−9) = −360 W 360 W from B to A
6.If q（t） has the waveform shown in Fig. E1.5, determine the corresponding current waveform.
Solution: Based on Eq. (1.2), i（t） can be calculated and then plotted. First let’s express q and i as a function of t:
I(t) is equal to the slope of q(t).
7.[6%] The resistive network shown below is connected to a SISTor B. The SISTor is a nonlinear device withi -vcharacteristic shown below. Find the current idrawn by the SISTor and the voltage v across the SISTor. 8.For the following resistor network find the equivelent resistance between the following nodes: a)R 𝑒𝑞 (a, b) b) R 𝑒𝑞 (g, h) c) R 𝑒𝑞 (c, d) d)R 𝑒𝑞 (g, b) assuming nodes c and d are shorted together. Solution: a) We can starting by combining the 3 series resistors from nodes c to e to f to d in series (the same current flows through all 3) and continue from there.
b) The easiest way to find R 𝑒𝑞 (g, h) is to recognize that it just so happens that R 𝑒𝑞 (e, f) = R 𝑒𝑞 (a, b) which we already found in part a) to be 4kΩ.
c) We can remove the 1kΩ on the most right and do the same work like above. d) After shorting c and d, the equivalent resistance is found by combining the series and parallel combinations appropriately. 9.In a certain application, the circuit must be designed to meet these two criteria: (a)V𝑜 /V𝑠 = 0.05 (b) R 𝑒𝑞 = 40kΩ
If the load resistor 5kΩ is fixed, find and to meet the criteria.
Solution: Let R1 and R 2 be in kΩ R 𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ∥ 5𝑘Ω = 40𝑘Ω R2 ∥5𝑘Ω 0.05 = 1−0.05 𝑅1
We obtain R1 = 38𝑘Ω, 𝑅2 = 10/3𝑘Ω 10.A voltage divider is to be designed so that 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑘𝑣𝑠 at no load (𝑅𝐿 = ∞) and 𝑣𝑜 = 𝛼𝑣𝑠 at full load 𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑜 . Note that by definition α < 𝑘 < 1. a) Show that 𝑘−𝛼 R1 = R0 𝛼𝑘
and 𝑘−𝛼 R 2 = 𝛼(1−𝑘) R 0
b) Specify the numerical values of R1 and R 2 if k = 0.85, α = 0.80 and 𝑅0 =
34kΩ. c) If 𝑣𝑠 = 60V, specify the maximum power that will be dissipated in R1 and R2. d) Assume the load resistor is accidentally short circuited. How much power is dissipated in R1 and R 2 ?
Solution:
a) 𝑅2 at no load: vo = 𝑘𝑣𝑠 = 𝑅 𝑣𝑠 1 +𝑅2
𝑅𝑒 𝑅 𝑅 at full load: vo = 𝛼𝑣𝑠 = 𝑅 𝑣𝑠 ,where 𝑅𝑒 = 𝑅 𝑜+𝑅2 1 +𝑅𝑒 𝑜 2
c) Maximum dissipation in 𝑅2 occurs at no load, therefore, [(60)(0.85)]2 𝑃𝑅2 = = 183.6 𝑚𝑊 14167 Maximum dissipation in 𝑅1 occurs at full load. [60 − 0.80(60)]2 𝑃𝑅1 = = 57.60 𝑚𝑊 2500
d) 602 𝑃𝑅1 = = 1.44 𝑊 = 1440 𝑚𝑊 2500 𝑃𝑅2 =0 𝑊
11. Use a Y-to-△ transformation to find
(a) i0 ; (b) i1 ; (c) i2 ; (d) the power delivered by the ideal current source in the circuit. 20 × 50 + 50 × 100 + 100 × 20 Ra = = 80Ω 100 20 × 50 + 50 × 100 + 100 × 20 Rb = = 160Ω 50 20 × 50 + 50 × 100 + 100 × 20 Rb = = 400Ω 20 240 × R b R1 = = 96Ω 240 + R b 300 × R a 1200 R2 = = Ω ≈ 63.16Ω 300 + R a 19 500 × R c 2000 R3 = = Ω ≈ 222.22Ω 500 + R c 9 R1 513 ∴ i′ = × I总 = A ≈ 0.25A R1 + R 2 + R 3 2038 Ra 54 (2)∴ i1 = × i′ = A ≈ 0.053A Ra +300 1019 Rc 114 (1) i0 = × i′ = A ≈ 0.112A Rc +500 1019
12.(a) Find the resistance seen by the ideal voltage source in the circuit. (b) If vab equals 400V, how much power is dissipated in the 31Ω resistor?
120 × 80 (1)R ab = 1.5 + 12.5 + 18 + = 80Ω 120 + 80 Vab 400 (1)Iab = = = 5A R ab 80 120 i= × 5 = 3A 120 + 80 P = i2 R = 32 × 31 = 279W
13. Resistor networks are sometimes used as volume-control circuits. In this
application, they are referred to as resistance attenuators or pads. A typical fixed-attenuator pad is shown in the figure below. In designing an attenuation pad, the circuit designer will select the values of R1 and R 2 so that the ratio of vo /vi and the resistance seen by the input voltage source R ab both have a specified value. (a) Show that if R ab = R L, then R2L = 4R1 (R1 + R 2 ), vo R2 = 2R . vi 1 +R2 +RL
(b) Select the values of R1 and R 2 so that R ab = R L = 600Ω and vo /vi =0.6.
(a) (2R1 + R L )R 2 + 2R1 = R L 2R1 + R L + R 2 2R1 R 2 + R 2 R L + 4R21 + 2R1 R L + 2R1 R 2 = 2R1 R L + R2L + R 2 R L R2L = 4R21 + 4R1 R L 6002 = 4 × R1 × (R1 + R 2 ) (b){ R2 0.6 = 2R1 +R2 +600
R1=75Ω，R2=1125Ω
14.[8%] The variable resistor R in the circuit in figure below is adjusted until va equals 60V. Find the value of R.
Solution: Hint: Ia = Va/Ra = 5A Va-ground = 5A * (18Ω+12Ω) = 150V Apply KCL to this node, then solve all the current Answer: R = 15Ω
15.[10%](a)Find the voltage vy in the circuit in figure blow.
(b) Show that the total power generated in the circuit equals the power absorbed.
Solution: [a] To find iβ, write a KVL equation around the left-hand loop, summing voltages in a clockwise direction starting below the 15.2V source: −15.2V + 10,000i1 − 0.8V + 6000iβ = 0 Solving for iβ 10,000iβ+ 6000iβ= 16V so 16,000iβ= 16V Thus, iβ=16/16,000= 1mA Now that we have the value of iβ, we can calculate the voltage for each component except the dependent source. Then we can write a KVL equation for the right-hand loop to find the voltage vy of the dependent source. Sum the voltages in the clockwise direction, starting to the left of the dependent source: −vy − 14,500iβ+ 25V − 6000iβ= 0 Thus, vy = 25V − 20,500iβ= 25V − 20,500(10^−3) = 25V − 20.5V = 4.5V
[b] We now know the values of voltage and current for every circuit element. Let’s construct a power table: Element Current Voltage Power Power (mA) (V) Equation (mW) 15.2V 1 15.2 p = −vi −15.2 10 k 1 10 p = Ri^2 10 0.8V 1 0.8 p = −vi −0.8 200 30 6 p = Ri2 180 Dep. source 29 4.5 p = vi 130.5 500Ω 29 14.5 p = Ri2 420.5 25V 29 25 p = −vi −725 16.[10%] Find v1and vgin the circuit shown in figure blow when v0equals 5 V.
Solution: 40i2+5/40+5/10= 0; i2= −15.625 mA v1= 80i2= −1.25 V 25i1+(−1.25)/20+(−0.015625) = 0; i1= 3.125 mA vg= 60i1 + 260i1= 320i1 Therefore, vg= 1 V
