NUMPY ARRAYS

OBJECTIVE: To print the dimension, shape and the number of bytes of an array.

1 IMPORT
[27]: import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)
x1 = np.random.randint(10, size=6)
x2 = np.random.randint(10, size=(3, 4))
x3 = np.random.randint(10, size=(3, 4, 5))

[41]: import numpy as np

np.random.seed()
a=np.random.randint(100)
print(a)
print("dtype: ", x3.dtype)

3
dtype: int32

[55]: x1

[55]: array([5, 0, 3, 3, 7, 9])

2 POSITIVE INDEXING
[57]: x1

[57]: array([5, 0, 3, 3, 7, 9])

[60]: x1[5]

[60]: 9

3 NEGATIVE INDEXING
[64]: x1[-2]

[64]: 7

1
 [66]: x1[-4]

[66]: 3

4 INDEXING TWO DIM ARRAY

[68]: x2[1,3]

[68]: 8

[70]: x2[0,0]

[70]: 3

5 MODIFYING IN ARRAY
[83]: x2[1, 2] = 11
x2

[83]: array([[ 3, 5, 2, 4],

[ 7, 6, 11, 8],
[ 1, 6, 7, 7]])

[90]: x1[0] = 7.1254

x1

[90]: array([7, 0, 3, 3, 7, 9])

6 SUB ARRAY
[98]: x= np.arange(15)
x

[98]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14])

7 SLICING
[102]: x[:4]

[102]: array([0, 1, 2, 3])

[123]: x[8:16]

[123]: array([ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14])

2
 8 MULTI DIM ARRAY
[125]: x2

[125]: array([[ 3, 5, 2, 4],

[ 7, 6, 11, 8],
[ 1, 6, 7, 7]])

[126]: x2[::2, ::3]

[126]: array([[3, 4],

[1, 7]])

[127]: x2

[127]: array([[ 3, 5, 2, 4],

[ 7, 6, 11, 8],
[ 1, 6, 7, 7]])

9 ACCESSING ROW & COLOUMNS

print(x2[:, :2])

[[3 5]
[134]: [7 6]
[1 6]]

print(x2[:, 0])

[3 7 1]

[141]: 10 Reshaping of Arrays

[154]: x = np.array([1, 2, 3])

x

[154]: array([1, 2, 3])

[156]: x.reshape((3, 1))

[156]: array([[1],
[2],
[3]])
3
 11 Array Concatenation and Splitting

[162]: x=np.array([1])
y=np.array([4,3])
np.concatenate([x,y])

[162]: array([1, 4, 3])

[168]: m=np.array([3])
np.concatenate([x,y,])

[168]: array([1, 4, 3])

[169]: np.concatenate([x,y,m])

[169]: array([1, 4, 3, 3])

12 Splitting of arrays
[176]: x = [1, 2, 3, 99, 99, 3, 2, 1]
x1, x2, x3 = np.split(x, [3, 5])
print(x1, x2, x3)

[1 2 3] [99 99] [3 2 1]

[194]: grid= np.arange(45).reshape((5, 9))

grid

[194]: array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
[18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26],
[27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
[36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44]])

[201]: upper, lower = np.vsplit(grid, [2])

print(upper)
print(lower)

[[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17]]
[[18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26]
[27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35]
[36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44]]

[206]: left, right = np.hsplit(grid, [1])

print(left)

4
 print(right)

[[ 0]
[ 9]
[18]
[27]
[36]]
[[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
[10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17]
[19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26]
[28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35]
[37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44]]

13 The Slowness of Loops

[246]: import numpy as np

np.random.seed(0)
def compute_reciprocals(values):
output = np.empty(len(values))

for i in range(len(values)):
output[i] = 1.0 / values[i]
return output
values = np.random.randint(1, 10, size=5)
compute_reciprocals(values)

[246]: array([0.16666667, 1. , 0.25 , 0.25 , 0.125 ])

14 UFuncs
[30]: import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)

def compute_reciprocals(values):
output = np.empty(len(values))
for i in range(len(values)):
output[i] = 1.0 / values[i]
return output

values = np.random.randint(1, 10, size=5)

result = compute_reciprocals(values)
print(result)

[0.16666667 1. 0.25 0.25 0.125 ]

5
[253]: print(compute_reciprocals(values))
print(3.1 / values)

[0.16666667 1. 0.25 0.25 0.125 ]

[0.51666667 3.1 0.775 0.775 0.3875 ]

15 Array arithmetic
[8]: import numpy as np
x = np.arange(4)
print("x =", x)
print("x + 5 =", x + 5)
print("x - 5 =", x - 5)
print("x * 2 =", x * 2)

x = [0 1 2 3]
x + 5 = [5 6 7 8]
x - 5 = [-5 -4 -3 -2]
x * 2 = [0 2 4 6]

[9]: -(0.5*x + 1) ** 2

[9]: array([-1. , -2.25, -4. , -6.25])

16 Absolute value
[13]: X = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2])
abs(x)

[13]: array([0, 1, 2, 3])

# Trignometric functions
[16]: theta = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 3)

[17]: print("theta = ", theta)

print("sin(theta) = ", np.sin(theta))
print("cos(theta) = ", np.cos(theta))
print("tan(theta) = ", np.tan(theta))

theta = [0. 1.57079633 3.14159265]

sin(theta) = [0.0000000e+00 1.0000000e+00 1.2246468e-16]
cos(theta) = [ 1.000000e+00 6.123234e-17 -1.000000e+00]
tan(theta) = [ 0.00000000e+00 1.63312394e+16 -1.22464680e-16]

6
[22]: x = [-1, 0, 1]
print("x = ", x)
print("arcsin(x) = ", np.arcsin(x))
print("arccos(x) = ", np.arccos(x))
print("arctan(x) = ", np.arctan(x))

x = [-1, 0, 1]
arcsin(x) = [-1.57079633 0. 1.57079633]
arccos(x) = [3.14159265 1.57079633 0. ]
arctan(x) = [-0.78539816 0. 0.78539816]

[0.16666667 1. 0.25 0.25 0.125 ]

[28]:

[ ]:
INFERENCE: Numpy, pandas, scipy, seaborn and statsmodels packages
were installed