ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 1

Lecture 10-13: Non-homogeneous PDE with constant coefficients

Case-I: Algebraic Function (Polynomial function):

 3 2
Problem -1: Solve Dx  Dx D y  6 Dx D y z  x 2  y 2 .
2

 3 2 2

Solution: Given that, Dx  Dx D y  6 Dx D y z  x 2  y 2 ......................(i)
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 3  m 2  6m  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1]

or, m m 2  m  6  0 
or, m ( m  2)( m  3)  0
or, m  0, 2,  3
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y )   2 ( y  2 x)   3 ( y  3 x) where  is an arbitrary function.
x2  y2
Again the particular solution is z p 
 3 2
Dx  Dx D y  6 Dx D y
2

x2  y2
or, z p 
Dx ( Dx  2 D y )( Dx  3D y )
x2  y2
or, z p 
 Dy   D 
Dx3 1  2  1  3 y 
 Dx   Dx 
1 1
1  2Dy   3D y 
 3 1 
Dx  Dx
 1 
Dx
 x 2
 y2 
  
= 1+ + +⋯⋯ 1− + − ⋯ ⋯ (𝑥 + 𝑦 )

= 1− + −⋯⋯ (𝑥 + 𝑦 )

= (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) + (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − ⋯ ⋯

= (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − (2𝑦) + (2) − 0 + 0 − ⋯

x5 x3 y 2 x 4 y 7 x5
   
60 6 12 60
2x5 x3 y 2 x 4 y
  
15 6 12
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
2x5 x3 y 2 x 4 y
 1 ( y )   2 ( y  2 x)   3 ( y  3 x )    Ans.
15 6 12

Case-II: Exponential function:

1 1
(a) e axby  e axby , if F (a, b)  0.
F ( Dx , D y ) F ( a, b)
r
 a 
(b) if F ( a, b )  0 then we can write F ( Dx , D y )   D x  D y  g ( D x , D y ) where g ( a, b)  0
 b 
ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 2
 2
Problem -2: Solve Dx  2 Dx D y  D y z  e 2 x3 y .
2

 
Solution: Given that, Dx  2 D x D y  D y z  e 2 x 3 y ......................(i)
2 2

Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 2  2m  1  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1 ]
or, m  1,  1
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x) where  is an arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  e 2 x 3 y
Dx  D y 2
1
or, z p  e 2 x 3 y
2  32
1 2 x 3 y
or, z p 
e
25
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
1 2 x 3 y
 1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x)  e Ans.
25
Problem - 3: Solve Dx  2 D y  Dx  3D y z  e 2 x  y .
2

Solution: Given that, Dx  2 D y  Dx  3D y z  e 2 x  y ......................(i)

2

Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is (m  2) 2 (m  3)  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1 ]
or, m  2, 2,  3
Hence the complementary solution, zc  1 ( y  2 x)  x 2 ( y  2 x)  3 ( y  3x) where  is an arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  e 2 x y
D x  2 D y  D x  3D y 
2

1 1
or, z p   e 2 x y
Dx  2 Dy  5
2

1 x
or, z p   e 2 x  y [since denominator become zero for
5 2Dx  2 D y 
D x  2, D y  1 so multiplying
numerator by x and differentiating
denominator with respect to Dx ]
1 x 2 2 x y
or, z p   e [Again apply the same procedure]
5 2 1
x2
or, z p  e 2 x  y
10
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
1 2 x y
 1 ( y  2 x)  x 2 ( y  2 x)   3 ( y  3 x)  e Ans.
10
Problem - 4: Solve 4( r  s )  t  16 Log ( x  2 y )
 
or, 4 Dx2  4 Dx D y  D y2 z  16 Log ( x  2 y) .
 
Solution: Given that, 4 Dx2  4 Dx D y  D y2 z  16 Log ( x  2 y) ......................(i)
 ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 3
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is 4m 2  4m  1  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1]
1 1
or, m  ,
2 2
 1   1 
Hence the complementary solution, zc  1  y  x   x 2  y  x  where  is an arbitrary function.
 2   2 
1
Again the particular solution is z p  16 Log ( x  2 y )
4 Dx  4 Dx D y  D y2
2

[since denominator become zero for D x  1, D y  2 so multiplying numerator by x and differentiating

denominator with respect to Dx ]
x
or, z p  16 Log ( x  2 y )
8 Dx  4 D y
x2
or, z p  16 Log ( x  2 y ) [Again apply the same procedure]
8
or, z p  2 x 2 Log ( x  2 y)
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
 1   1 
 1  y  x   x 2  y  x   2 x 2 Log ( x  2 y ) Ans.
 2   2 

 3 2
H.W. Problem -5: Solve Dx  2 Dx D y  Dx D y  2 D y z  e x y .
2 3

x
Ans. z  1 ( y  x)   2 ( y  x)   3 ( y  2 x )  e x  y
2
Case-III: Sine and cosine function:
1 sin( ax  by ) 1 sin(ax  by )
(a) 2 
= 2 
if F ( a 2 ,  ab,  b 2 )  0
F ( Dx , Dx D y , D y ) cos( ax  by ) F (a ,  ab,  b ) cos(ax  by )
2 2

 2 2

Problem -6: Solve Dx  5 Dx D y  6 D y z  sin( 4 x  y ) .
 2 2

Solution: Given that, Dx  5 Dx D y  6 D y z  sin( 4 x  y ) ......................(i)
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 2  5m  6  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1 ]
or, m  3, 2
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  3 x)   2 ( y  2 x) where  is an arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  2 2
sin(4 x  y )
Dx  5 Dx D y  6 D y
1
or, z p  sin( 4 x  y )
 16  20  6
1
or, z p   sin( 4 x  y )
2
1
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p  1 ( y  3 x)   2 ( y  2 x)  sin( 4 x  y ) Ans.
2
 3 3

Problem -7: Solve Dx  7 Dx D y2  6 D y z  cos( x  2 y ) .
ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 4
 3 3

Solution: Given that, Dx  7 Dx D y2  6 D y z  cos( x  2 y ) ......................(i)
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 3  7 m  6  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1 ]
or, (m  1)( m  2)(m  3)  0
or, m  1,2,3
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  x)   2 ( y  2 x)   3 ( y  3x ) where  is arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  3 3
cos( x  2 y )
Dx  7 Dx D y2  6 D y
1
or, z p 
Dx  D y  D  Dx D y  6D y2 cos( x  2 y)
 2
x 
1
or, z p 
Dx  D y   1  1 2  6  2 2 cos( x  2 y)
 2

or, z p 
D  D  cos( x  2 y )
x y

25D  D  2
x
2
y

or, z p 
D  D  cos( x  2 y)
x y

25 1  2 
2 2

1
 sin( x  2 y )  2 sin( x  2 y )
or, z p 
75
1
or, z p  sin( x  2 y )
75
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
1
 1 ( y  x)   2 ( y  2 x)   3 ( y  3 x)  sin( x  2 y ) Ans.
75
Case-IV: Special method:
(a) If F ( D x , D y ) z  f ( x, y ) and complementary solution is z   ( y  mx )
then let, y  mx  c or, y  c  mx
So the particular solution z p   f ( x, c  mx )dx
Problem -8: Solve r  s  6t  y cos x .
 2
or, Dx  D x D y  6 D y z  y cos x
2

 2 2

Solution: Given that, Dx  D x D y  6 D y z  y cos x ......................(i)
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 2  m  6  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1]
or, m  3, 2
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  3 x)   2 ( y  2 x) where  is an arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  2 2
y cos x
Dx  Dx D y  6 D y
1
or, z p  y cos x
( Dx  3D y )( Dx  2 D y )
1
( D x  3D y ) 
or, z p  (c1  2 x) cos xdx [∵ 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑐 − 2𝑥]
 ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 5
1
or, z p  c1 sin x  2x sin x  cos x 
( Dx  3D y )
1
or, z p  (c1  2 x) sin x  2 cos x
( Dx  3D y )
1
or, z p  y sin x  2 cos x
( D x  3D y )
or, z p   (c2  3 x) sin x  2 cos xdx [∵ 𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 3𝑥]
or, z p  c2 cos x  3 sin x  3 x cos x  2 sin x
or, z p  (c 2  3 x ) cos x  sin x
or, z p   y cos x  sin x
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
 1 ( y  3x)   2 ( y  2 x)  y cos x  sin x Ans.
 2 2
Problem -9: Solve Dx  2 Dx D y  D y z  2 cos y  x sin y
 2 2

Solution: Given that, Dx  2 Dx D y  D y z  2 cos y  x sin y ......................(i)
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 2  2m  1  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1]
or, m  1,  1
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x) where  is an arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  2 2
(2 cos y  x sin y )
Dx  2 Dx D y  D y
1
or, z p  (2 cos y  x sin y )
( Dx  D y )( Dx  D y )
1
( Dx  D y ) 
or, z p  (2 cos(c  x)  x sin(c  x)dx [∵ 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 𝑥]

1
or, z p  2 sin(c  x)   x cos(c  x)  sin(c  x) 
( Dx  D y )
1
or, z p  sin(c  x)  x cos(c  x)
( Dx  D y )
1
or, z p  sin y  x cos y
( Dx  D y )
or, z p   sin( c  x)  x cos( c  x)dx [∵ 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 𝑥]
or, z p   cos( c  x )  cos( c  x )  x sin( c  x )
or, z p  x sin y
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p  1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x)  x sin y Ans.

 3
Problem -10: Solve Dx  Dx2 D y  Dx D y2  D y z  e x cos 2 y .
3

 3 3

Solution: Given that, Dx  Dx2 D y  Dx D y2  D y z  e x cos 2 y ......................(i)
ECE/Math-2217 (MHU) 6
Let, z   ( y  mx ) be the trial solution of the corresponding homogeneous part of Eq. (i).
So, the auxiliary equation is m 3  m 2  m  1  0 [By putting D x  m, Dy  1 ]
or, (m  1)(m 2  1)  0
or, 𝑚 = −1, 1, −1
Hence the complementary solution is z c  1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x)   3 ( y  x) where  is arbitrary function.
1
Again the particular solution is z p  3 3
e x cos 2 y
Dx  D D y  Dx D y  D y
2
x
2

1
or, z p  e x 3
cos 2 y
( Dx  1)  ( D x  1) D y  ( Dx  1) D y2  D y
3 2

1
or, z p  e x 3 2 2 3
cos 2 y
Dx  3Dx  3Dx  1  Dx D y  2 Dx D y  D y  Dx D y2  D y2  D y
1
or, z p  e x cos 2 y
1 1 1 2
 0  Dx  0  3  0  3  1  0  Dy  0  2 Dy  Dy  0  D y  ( 2 2 )  ( 2 2 ) D y
Dx Dx Dx
1
or, z p  e x cos 2 y
1  Dy  4  4Dy
ex 1
or, z p  cos 2 y
5 Dy 1
e x Dy 1
or, z p  cos 2 y
5 Dy 2  1
e x Dy  1
or, z p  cos 2 y

5  22 1 
ex
or, z p   2 sin 2 y  cos 2 y 
 25
ex
2 sin 2 y  cos 2 y 
or, z p 
25
Hence the general solution is z  z c  z p
ex
 1 ( y  x)  x 2 ( y  x )   3 ( y  x)  2 sin 2 y  cos 2 y  Ans.
25