AUTOMATIC DRYRUN CONTROL OF MOTOR 2015-

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CONTENTS

Sr.No. Particular Page No

1 Introduction.
2 Principle.
3 Block diagram.
4 Components used in circuit.
5 Component description.
6 Working.
7 Use of this project.
8 Advantages.
9 Disadvantages.
10 Result & Conclusion.
11 Future scope.
12 Bibliography.
13 Reference.

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ABSTRACT

In that in Agricultural large amount water is used for the pumping for pumping
the water mostly induction motor are used .But in most cases stored water in the Well, Tank is
low .In some cases motor runs continuously in operation.

When load on motor decreases then motor draws the heavy current If motor runs
for long period then temperature of winding increase. If this happen for long period then
insulation becomes weak &gets damaged.

To avoid such condition this type of circuit used. It consist of Two leads of wire,
Transistor, Micro controller Atmel 89c52, ULN2003, Relay. Two leads of wire are dipped in
water. When water level goes below the lead of wire then it gives low level signal to the
transistor .Transistor amplifies the signal & send towards the micro controller .The output of the
micro controller is passed to ULN2003 & it send towards the relay .

If water level goes below the leads then it gives the low level to micro controller
& it gives signal to relay and stop the motor.

Under normal working condition leads of wire in water and it gives the high
signal to microcontroller and motor is in on condition.

For relay and microcontroller use 12&5v DC supply is used .This supply is
obtained from DC power supply.

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AKNOWLEDGMENT

This work is just not an individual contribution till its completion. I take this
opportunity to thank all for bringing it close to the conclusion. First of all I would like to thank my
guide Prof. Gidde A.C. continuously assessing my work providing great guidance by timely
suggestions and discussions at every stage of this work.
Thanks to Prof. Kadam P.D. Head of Department of Electrical engineering for providing
all facilities without which this seminar work would not have been possible. I sincerely thank to
Prof. A.D. Ingale Principal, SVERI’s COE (POLY.), Pandharpur.

Name of Student
1) Mr. Kshirsagar Rahul Bapu

2) Mr. Bhanvase Sachin Haridas

3) Mr. Shingate Kanifnath Mahadev

4) Mr. Chandanshive Atul Haridas

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INTRODUCTION

In day by day the water level in the earth is decreases due to Increasing global
warming, increasing consumption of water for Agricultural, Industrial, Commercial & Domestic
purposes.

In that in Agricultural large amount water is used for the pumping for pumping
the water mostly induction motor are used .But in most cases stored water in the Well, Tank is
low .In some cases motor runs continuously in operation.

When load on motor decreases then motor draws the heavy current If motor runs
for long period then temperature of winding increase. If this happen for long period then
insulation becomes weak &gets damaged.

To avoid such condition this type of circuit used. It consist of Two leads of wire,
Transistor, Micro controller Atmel 89c52, ULN2003, Relay. Two leads of wire are dipped in
water. When water level goes below the lead of wire then it gives low level signal to the
transistor .Transistor amplifies the signal & send towards the micro controller .The output of the
micro controller is passed to ULN2003 & it send towards the relay .

If water level goes below the leads then it gives the low level to micro controller
& it gives signal to relay and stop the motor.

Under normal working condition leads of wire in water and it gives the high
signal to microcontroller and motor is in on condition.

For relay and microcontroller use 12&5v DC supply is used .This supply is
obtained from DC power supply.

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OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The principle of automatic dry run control of motor is that whenever the water
level in the well is falls below the two leads provided in the well. Then the conductivity between
two leads is disconnected then it gives the signal to the transistor. Transistor gives signal to the
microcontroller port pin P2.0

In microcontroller one program is set, there are two conditions in program are as
follows-

1) Whenever the conductivity between two leads is disconnected then microcontroller gives
the 0 signal to relay.

2) Whenever the leads are in conducting state then microcontroller gives 1 signal to relay.

This signal is given to relay through ULN – 2003. Relay acts as a switch between
motor and supply circuit.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

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COMPONANT USED IN CIRCUIT:-

SR.NO. COMPONANT

1 Microcontroller 89c52

2 Transistor BC748

3 Resistor

4 Capacitor

5 Crystal oscillator

6 ULN 2003

7 Relay

8 Regulator 7805,7812

9 Diode

10 PCB (Zero)

11 LED

12 1 Phase IM

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Description:-

Microcontroller:-

AT89C52 microcontroller Pin Diagram and Pin Functions

......................................................................................................................
...........

......
..................................................................................................................

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XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.

XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output port, it can sink
eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state will function
as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during
accesses to External memory. In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when Emitting
1s. Port 0 emits code bytes during program verification. In this Application, external pull-ups are
required.

Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have 1s
written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups, and in that state can be used as inputs.
As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the
internal pull-ups.

Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order
address byte during accesses to external memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it
uses the strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s.

Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. It also serves the functions
of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows:
Port Pin Alternate Function
P3.0 RxD (serial input port)
P3.1 TxD (serial output port)
P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6 WR (external data memory write strobe)
P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe)

VCC: Supply voltage

VSS: Circuit ground potential.

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TRANSISTOR

A transistor is a device used to amplifier switchelectronicsignals and electrical

power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to
an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes
the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be
higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify signal. Today, some transistors
are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in circuits. The transistor is the
fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic
systems. Following its development in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter, and
William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for
smaller and cheaper radios,calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on

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the milestones in electronics, and the inventors were jointly awarded the 1956 Physics for their
achievement.

RESISTOR

A typical axial-lead resistor

Type Passive

Working principle Electric resistance

Two common schematic symbols

Axial-lead resistors on tape. The component is cut from the tape during assembly
and the part is inserted into the board. A resistor is a passivetwo-terminalcomponent that
implements resistances a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same
time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit

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current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate lines among other uses.
High-power resistors, that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as
part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp
dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

CAPACITOR

Type

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A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passivetwo-terminalcomponent

used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors
vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors(plates) separated by a dielectric(i.e.
an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils
or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The no conducting dielectric acts to
increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include
glass,ceramic,plastic film,air,vacuum,paper,mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used
as parts of circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does
not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of a field between its plates.

When there is a difference across the conductors (e.g., when a capacitor is

attached across a battery), an field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to
collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate. If a battery has been
attached to a capacitor for a sufficient amount of time, no current can flow through the capacitor.
However, if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, a current can
flow. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, its capacitance. Capacitance
is defined as the ratio of the electric charge Q on each conductor to the potential difference V
between them. The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F), which is equal to one coulomb per
volt(1 C/V). Typical capacitance values range from about 1 pF (10−12 F) to about 1 mF (10−3
F). The larger the surface area of the "plates" (conductors) and the narrower the gap between
them, the greater the capacitance is. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a small
amount of current and also has an electric field strength limit, known as the breakdown voltage.
The conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ULN2003

The ULN2003A is an array of seven NPN transistors capable of 500mA, 50V

output. It features common-cathode diodes for switching inductive loads. It can come in
PDIP,SOIC,Spoor TSSOPpackaging. [1] [2]In the same family are ULN2002A, ULN2004A, as
well as ULQ2003A and ULQ2004A designed for different logic input levels.

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Contents-

• 1 Darlington Transistor
• 2 Features
• 3 Applications
• 4 References
Darlington Transistor A Darlington transistor (also known as Darlington pair) achieves very high current
amplification by connecting two bipolar transistors in direct DC coupling so the current amplified by the
first transistor is amplified further by the second one. The resultant current gain is the product of those of
the two component transistors:

The seven Darlington pairs in ULN2003 can operate independently except the common cathode diodes
that connect to their respective collectors.

Features:-The ULN2003 is known for its high-current, high-voltage capacity. The drivers can be
paralleled for even higher current output. Even further, stacking one chip on top of another, both
electrically and physically, has been done. Generally it can also be used for interfacing with a stepper
motor, where the motor requires high ratings which cannot be provided by other interfacing devices.

Micrograph of chip die.

Main specifications:

• 500 mA rated collector current (single output)

• 50 V output (there is a version that supports 100 V output)
• Includes output fly back diodes

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RELAY

Step 1: What is a relay?

For the beginner, a relay can be a very difficult application to first understand, it was for
me, i spent 3-4 days researching for a simple explanation as to how a relay works, and quite recently
found myself being asked for an explanation, by a clueless knob who didn't understand. In simple terms, a
relay is a device that uses an electromagnet to mechanically pull two connections together to complete a
circuit, in the exact same way your finger mechanically pushes two contacts together in a toggle switch.

A relay is used wherever a small low power device or power supply needs to switch on a
much larger one, usually completely isolated from the signals power source, or at a much higher voltage
than the signal could provide.

However this is usually not enough to help someone really grasp the idea of how these
mysterious boxes work. Move over to the next step for a better explanation along with an flash animation
to show you how it all works.

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A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state
relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as
amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another
circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor or other loads is called a contractor. Solid control power circuits with no moving
parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated
operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical
circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed
by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

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7805 IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A regulated power supply is very much essential for several electronic devices
due to the semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate of current as well as
voltage. The device may get damaged if there is any deviation from the fixed rate. The AC
power supply gets converted into constant DC by this circuit. By the help of a voltage regulator
DC, unregulated output will be fixed to a constant voltage. The circuit is made up of linear
voltage regulator 7805 along with capacitors and resistors with bridge rectifier made up from
diodes. From giving an unchanging voltage supply to building confident that output reaches
uninterrupted to the appliance, the diodes along with capacitors handle elevated efficient signal
conveyable.

Description:
As we have previously talked about that regulated power supply is a device that
mechanized on DC voltages and also it can uphold its output accurately at a fixed voltage all the
time although if there is a significant alteration in the DC input voltage.
ICs regulator is mainly used in the circuit to maintain the exact voltage which is
followed by the power supply. A regulator is mainly employed with the capacitor connected in
parallel to the input terminal and the output terminal of the IC regulator. For the checking of
gigantic alterations in the input as well as in the output filter, capacitors are used. While the
bypass capacitors are used to check the small period spikes on the input and output level. Bypass

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capacitors are mainly of small values that are used to bypass the small period pulses straightly
into the Earth.

REGULATOR 7812

The 78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx, MC78xx...) is a family of self-contained

fixed linear regulator integrated. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits
requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the
family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805
has a 5-volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts). The 78xx line are positive voltage
regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground. There is a related
line of 79xx devices which are complementary negative voltage regulators. 78xx and 79xx ICs
can be used in combination to provide positive and negative supply voltages in the same circuit.
78xx ICs have three terminals and are commonly found in the TO-220form factor, although they
are available in surface-mount, TO-92, and TO-3packages. These devices support an input
voltage anywhere from around 2.5 volts over the intended output voltage up to a maximum of 35
to 40 volts depending on the model, and typically provide 1 or 1.5 amperes of current( though
smaller or larger packages may have a lower or higher current rating).

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Advantages
• 78 xx series ICs do not require additional components to provide a constant, regulated
source of power, making them easy to use, as well as economical and efficient uses of
space. Other voltage regulators may require additional components to set the output
voltage level, or to assist in the regulation process. Some other designs (such as a
switched-mode power supply) may need substantial engineering expertise to implement.
• 78xx series ICs have built-in protection against a circuit drawing too much current. They
have protection against overheating and short-circuits, making them quite robust in most
applications. In some cases, the current-limiting features of the 78xx devices can provide
protection not only for the 78xx itself, but also for other parts of the circuit.

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PN JUNCTION DIODE
The effect described in the previous tutorial is achieved without any external voltage
being applied to the actual PN junction resulting in the junction being in a state of equilibrium. However,
if we were to make electrical connections at the ends of both the N-type and the P-type materials and then
connect them to a battery source, an additional energy source now exists to overcome the potential
barrier. The effect of adding this additional energy source results in the free electrons being able to cross
the depletion region from one side to the other. The behavior of the PN junction with regards to the
potential barrier’s width produces an asymmetrical conducting two terminal device, better known as the
PN Junction Diode.
A PN Junction Diode is one of the simplest Semiconductor Devices Loading product
data. around, and which has the characteristic of passing current in only one direction only. However,
unlike a resistor, a diode does not behave linearly with respect to the applied voltage as the diode has an
exponential current-voltage ( I-V ) relationship and therefore we cannot described its operation by simply
using an equation such as Ohm’s law.
If a suitable positive voltage (forward bias) is applied between the two ends of the PN
junction, it can supply free electrons and holes with the extra energy they require to cross the junction as
the width of the depletion layer around the PN junction is decreased.
By applying a negative voltage (reverse bias) results in the free charges being pulled
away from the junction resulting in the depletion layer width being increased. This has the effect of
increasing or decreasing the effective resistance of the junction itself allowing or blocking current flow
through the diode.
Then the depletion layer widens with an increase in the application of a reverse voltage
and narrows with an increase in the application of a forward voltage. This is due to the differences in the
electrical properties on the two sides of the PN junction resulting in physical changes taking place. One of
the results produces rectification as seen in the PN junction diodes static I-V (current-voltage)
characteristics. Rectification is shown by an asymmetrical current flow when the polarity of bias voltage
is altered as shown below.

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Junction Diode Symbol and Static I-V Characteristics.

But before we can use the PN junction as a practical device or as a rectifying device we
need to firstly bias the junction, i.e. connect a voltage potential across it. On the voltage axis above,
“Reverse Bias” refers to an external voltage potential which increases the potential barrier. An external
voltage which decreases the potential barrier is said to act in the “Forward Bias” direction.
There are two operating regions and three possible “biasing” conditions for the standard Junction Diode
and these are:

• 1. Zero Bias – No external voltage potential is applied to the PN junction diode.

• 2. Reverse Bias – The voltage potential is connected negative, (-ve) to the P-type material and
positive, (+ve) to the N-type material across the diode which has the effect of Increasing the PN
junction diode’s width.

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• 3. Forward Bias – The voltage potential is connected positive, (+ve) to the P-type material and
negative, (-ve) to the N-type material across the diode which has the effect of Decreasing the PN
junction diodes width.

1 PHASE IM

Principles of operation

A three-phase power supply provides a rotating magnetic field in an induction motor.

Inherent slip - unequal rotation frequency of stator field and the rotor. In both induction and synchronous
motors, the AC power supplied to the motor's stator creates a field that rotates in time with the AC
oscillations. Whereas a synchronous motor's rotor turns at the same rate as the stator field, an induction
motor's rotor rotates at a slower speed than the stator field. The induction motor stator's magnetic field is

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therefore changing or rotating relative to the rotor. This induces an opposing current in the induction
motor's rotor, in effect the motor's secondary winding, when the latter is short-circuited or closed through
an external impedance The rotating flux induces currents in the windings of the rotor in a manner similar
to currents induced in a transformer's secondary winding(s). The currents in the rotor windings in turn
create magnetic fields in the rotor that react against the stator field. Due to Lenz's Law, the direction of
the magnetic field created will be such as to oppose the change in current through the rotor windings.

The cause of induced current in the rotor windings is the rotating stator magnetic field, so
to oppose the change in rotor-winding currents the rotor will start to rotate in the direction of the rotating
stator magnetic field. The rotor accelerates until the magnitude of induced rotor current and torque
balances the applied load. Since rotation at synchronous speed would result in no induced rotor current,
an induction motor always operates slower than synchronous speed. The difference, or "slip," between
actual and synchronous speed varies from about 0.5 to 5.0% for standard Design B torque curve induction
motor The induction machine's essential character is that it is created solely by induction instead of being
separately excited as in synchronous or DC machines or being self-magnetized as in permanent magnet
motors.
For rotor currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor must be lower than that of
the stator's rotating magnetic field (); otherwise the magnetic field would not be moving relative to the
rotor conductors and no currents would be induced. As the speed of the rotor drops below synchronous
speed, the rotation rate of the magnetic field in the rotor increases, inducing more current in the windings
and creating more torque. The ratio between the rotation rate of the magnetic field induced in the rotor
and the rotation rate of the stator's rotating field is called slip. Under load, the speed drops and the slip
increases enough to create sufficient torque to turn the load. For this reason, induction motors are
sometimes referred to as asynchronous motors. An induction motor can be used as an induction generator,
or it can be unrolled to form a linear motor which can directly generate linear motion.

Synchronous speed

AC motor's synchronous speed, , is the rotation rate of the stator's magnetic field,

Where has the same unit as which is the motor supply's frequency and
where is the number of magnetic poles [That is, for a six-pole three-phase motor with three pole-
pairs

set 120° apart, equals 6, thus which equals 1,000 RPM (16.67 Hz) and 1,200 RPM (20 Hz)

respectively for 50 Hz and 60 Hz supply systems.

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Slip

Typical torque curve as a function of slip, represented as 'g' here.

Slip, , is defined as the difference between synchronous speed and operating speed, at the
Same frequency, expressed in rpm or in percent or ratio of synchronous speed. Thus

Where is stator electrical speed, Is rotor mechanical speed. ] Slip, which

varies from zero at synchronous speed and 1 when the rotor is at rest, determines the motor's torque.
Since the short-circuited rotor windings have small resistance, a small slip induces a large current in the
rotor and produces large torque. At full rated load, slip varies from more than 5% for small or special
purpose motors to less than 1% for large motor. These speed variations can cause load-sharing problems
when differently sized motors are mechanically connected. Various methods are available to reduce slip,
VFDs often offering the best solution.
Torque

See also: Fleming's left-hand rule for motors

Standard torque

Speed-torque curves for four induction motor types: A) Single-phase, B) Polyphase cage, C) Polyphase
cage deep bar, D) Poly-phase double cage

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Typical speed-torque curve for NEMA Design B Motor. The typical speed-torque
relationship of a standard NEMA Design B polyphase induction motor is as shown in the curve at right.
Suitable for most low performance loads such as centrifugal pumps and fans,DesignB motors are
constrained by the following typical torque ranges:Breakdown torque (peaktorque), 175-300 percent of
rated torque • Locked-rotor torque (torque at 100% slip), 75-275 percent of rated torque • Pull-up torque,
65-190 percent of rated torque. Over a motor's normal load range, the torque's slope is approximately
linear or proportional to slip because the value of rotor resistance divided by slip, , dominates
torque in linear manner. As load increases above rated load, stator and rotor leakage reactance factors
gradually become more significant in relation to such that torque gradually curves towards
breakdown torque. As the load torque increases beyond breakdown torque the motor stalls.
Starting
See also: Motor controller

There are three basic types of competing small induction motors: single-phase split-phase
and shaded-pole types, and small polyphase induction motors. Although polyphase motors are inherently
self-starting, their starting and pull-up torque design limits must be high enough to overcome actual load
conditions.
• In two-pole single-phase motors, the torque goes to zero at 100% slip (zero
speed), so these require alterations to the stator such as shaded-polesto provide starting torque. A
single phase induction motor requires separate starting circuitry to provi Inputs compatible with
Tolland 5-V Choplogic

• Applications-
Typical usage of the ULN2003A is in circuits for relays, lamp and LED displays,
stepper motors, logic buffers and line drivers.
de a rotating field to the motor. The normal running windings within such a single-phase motor can cause
the rotor to turn in either direction, so the starting circuit determines the operating direction.
In certain smaller single-phase motors, starting is done by means of a shaded pole with a
copper wire turn around part of the pole. The current induced in this turn lags behind the supply current,
creating a delayed magnetic field around the shaded part of the pole face. This imparts sufficient
rotational field energy to start the motor. These motors are typically used in applications such as desk fans
and record players, as the required starting torque is low, and the low efficiency is tolerable relative to the
reduced cost of the motor and starting method compared to other AC motor designs.
Larger single phase motors are split-phase motor sand have a second stator winding fed
with out-ofphase current; such currents may be created by feeding the winding through a capacitor or
having it receive different values of inductance and resistance from the main winding. In capacitor-start

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designs, the second winding is disconnected once the motor is up to speed, usually either by a centrifugal
switch acting on weights on the motor shaft or a thermistor which heats up and increases its resistance,
reducing the current through the second winding to an insignificant level. The capacitor-run designs keep
the second winding on when running, improving torque. A resistance start design uses a starter inserted
in series with the startup winding, creating reactance.
Self-starting polyphase induction motors produce torque even at standstill. Available
cage induction motor starting methods include direct-on-line starting, reduced-voltage reactor or auto-
transformer starting, star-delta starting or, increasingly, new solid-state soft assemblies and, of course,
VFDs.
Polyphase motors have rotor bars shaped to give different speed-torque characteristics.
The current distribution within the rotor bars varies depending on the frequency of the induced current. At
standstill, the rotor current is the same frequency as the stator current, and tends to travel at the outermost
parts of the cage rotor bars (by skin effect). The different bar shapes can give usefully different speed-
torque characteristics as well as some control over the inrush current at startup. In wound rotor motors,
rotor circuit connection through slip rings to external resistances allows change of speed-torque
characteristics for acceleration control and speed control purposes.
Speed control

Typical speed-torque curves for different motor input frequencies as for example used
with variable-frequency drives. Before the development of semiconductor power electronics, it was
difficult to vary the frequency, and cage induction motors were mainly used in fixed speed applications.
Applications such as electric overhead cranes used DC drives or wound rotor motors (WRIM) with rings
for rotor circuit connection to variable external resistance allowing considerable range of speed control.
However, resistor losses associated with low speed operation of WRIMs is a major cost disadvantage,
especially for constant loads. Large slip ring motor drives, termed slip energy recovery systems, some
still in use, recover energy from the rotor circuit, rectify it, and return it to the power system using a VFD.
In many industrial variable-speed applications, DC and WRIM drives are being displaced by VFD-fed
cage induction motors. The most common efficient way to control asynchronous motor speed of many
loads is with VFDs. Barriers to adoption of VFDs due to cost and reliability considerations have been
reduced considerably over the past three decades such that it is estimated that drive technology is adopted
in as many as 30-40% of all newly installed motors.

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ADVANTAGES

1) Simple circuitry.
2) Less power consumption.
3) Reduced redundant operation of motor &also reduces It can be handled easily by un-
skilled person.
4) It reduces energy bill.
5) High sensitivity.
6) Less maintenance cost.

DISADVANTAGES

1) Requires constant DC supply.

2) It requires protection from environmental impact.

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RESULT

Whenever there is a water in the well goes bellow the two conducting leads then relay
disconnect the motor from supply.

CONCLUSION

1) From this project we conclude that the dry run of 1 phase IM controlled by
microcontroller
2) From the project we conclude that we can control the dry running of induction motor
and it reduces the maintenance cost of motor. Also conserve the electricity & helps to
save the electricity.
3) As time required for rewinding of motor is more so reliability of motor is not
maintained .From this project we can maintained reliability of motor

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FUTURE SCOPE

In day to day life the electricity plays an important role in development of

human life. But the generation of electricity is from conventional sources of energy such as Coal,
Water etc.which are more costly and on the path of depleting hence it is necessary to adopt the
concept of energy conservation.

This circuit is helpful in stopping the redundant operation of electric motor which
increases life of motor also conserves the electricity due to which other consumers does not
suffers the loss of electricity.
It can be used in domestic as well as agricultural applications. This circuit
eliminates the need of extra inspection as it automatically turns OFF the motor during dry run.

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REFERENCE

Books Referred:
1) 8051 microcontroller architecture programming and application.
-Kenneth Ayala.

2) 8051 microcontroller & application.

-Ajay Deshmukh.

3) 8051 microcontroller architecture

- Programming & application.

Websites Referred:
1) WWW.microcontroller based project.com
2) WWW.dry run control of motor by using 8051 microcontroller.

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