See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/345240274

Consumers' preference index of some selected sweetmeat products available in

Bangladesh

Article · September 2020

CITATIONS READS

0 284

5 authors, including:

Md abdul Matin Tanni Chanda

Patuakhali Science and Technology University Patuakhali Science and Technology University
13 PUBLICATIONS 113 CITATIONS 19 PUBLICATIONS 73 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Md Ashraful Islam Md Imran Omar

Patuakhali Science and Technology University Bangladesh Rice Research Institute
24 PUBLICATIONS 102 CITATIONS 27 PUBLICATIONS 82 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Value chain analysis of rice and its byproducts in Bangladesh View project

Transforming rice breeding through capacity enhancement of BRRI: Market research perspective View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Md Imran Omar on 03 November 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Australian Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN Number (2208-6404)
Volume 4; Issue 3; September 2020

Original Article

Consumers’ preference index of some selected sweetmeat

products available in Barisal City Corporation of Bangladesh
Golam Sarowar Munna1, Md Ashraful Islam1*, Md Imran Omar2, Tanni Chanda1,
Md Abdul Matin1
1
Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology
University, Barisal Campus, Barisal, Bangladesh, 2Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Agricultural Research
Institute, Joydevpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire at different locations of Barisal City Corporation regarding the consumers’ preference
to different sweetmeats products. A total of 70 respondents of different age categories were directly interviewed to serve the purpose of the
study. Level of preferences for different sweetmeats was categorized as high, medium, low, and no preference. The respondents of all ages
represented that Dhai is the top among the highly preferred sweetmeat products (41% of total response), more than 27% responses of medium
preference were to Rasagolla, and approximately 16% of the no preference response were directed to Chhana and Khirsha, respectively.
Computed preference index (CPI) of different sweetmeats for all the respondents was calculated. The rank order on the basis of CPI for different
sweetmeats was Dhai > Rasagolla > Rasamalai > Monda > Kalojam > Samdesh > Malaikari > Chamcham > Dry misty > Chhana > Khirsha.
We have also analyzed and discussed the effect of age of the consumer on the preference toward different sweetmeat items. Dhai, Monda,
Rasagolla, and Rasamalai were mostly preferred by the respondents aged <50 years. Dhai, Rasagolla, and Rasamalai are also preferred most
by people above 50 year of age but they like Monda to the least level. Overall, preference toward different sweetmeat products by consumers
of different age category varies widely. While Dhai, Rasagolla, Rasamalai, and Malaikari are preferred by most consumers irrespective of age,
majority of the consumers showed no preference to products such as Khirsha and Chhana. Further study in a broader scale can help sweetmeat
shops to figuring out the products most preferred by consumers of different age and categorization of product for different consumer groups.
Keywords: Sweetmeat, Preference index, age category, consumer survey
Submitted: 31-08-2020, Accepted: 16-09-2020, Published: 30-09-2020

INTRODUCTION sweetmeats such as Dhai, Rasagolla, Rasamalai, Malaikari,

Chamcham, Kalojam, Samdesh, Rajvog, Kanchagolla,
Sweetmeats are foods rich in sugar with milk. It is really Rosokadam, and Khirsha are being produced from milk.
difficult to find someone who does not like sweets. Bangladeshi However, most commonly named dairy sweet products in
people also prefer to eat milk made sweets. In Bengali’s daily Barisal are Rosogolla, Blackjam/Blackjamun/Kalojam, Yogurt,
life without milk made sweets, no festivals can be celebrated. Chamcham, Malaikari, Samdesh, Chhana, Dry misty, Khirsha,
For that reason, sweetmeat shops are found everywhere in and Monda.
Bangladesh. A huge number of milk made sweetmeat industries
established to fulfill the demand of mass people in Bangladesh. Similar to milk, sweetmeats are healthy and delicious food
These sweetmeat industries produce hundreds of items across due to its high nutritive and therapeutic value. Indigenous
the urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Commonly made sweetmeats are unparallel in taste, flavour and feel, and
sweetmeat products are available in four categories, such as very popular milk products in Bangladesh. In this era of
dry sweet, wet sweet, yogurt, and others. Various types of industrialization, food habit of common people is changing

Address for correspondence: Md Ashraful Islam, Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal Campus, Barisal, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected]

Available at www.aujst.com 312

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

day by day and an increased demand and consumption pattern Selection of Sweetmeats
of milk products are seen due to rapid growth of population Different types of sweetmeats were selected based on
as well as income and their status. That’s why a good number consumption patterns by the consumers of different areas.
of entrepreneurs have already come forward to deal with Dhai, Rasagolla, Malaikari, Rasamalai, Chamcham, Kalojam,
sweetmeat business by brand value in sweetmeat production Samdesh, Chhana, Dry misty, Khirsha, and Monda were
and marketing. selected for this study purpose.

Sweetmeats encompasses an important place in the diet of Age

Bengalis and at their social festivities. It is a ritual to distribute Age of respondents were recorded in terms of actual years
sweetmeats at different religious offerings. Conventionally, from birth to the time of interview or assumed based on their
Bengalis distribute sweets among neighbors and relatives on statement. Age was expressed as numerical round figures.
a variety of occasion such as birthday, engagements, wedding,
and examinations success. Because Bengali misty (sweets) Selection of Consumers
made from different curd, they form an important part of daily In this study, 70 consumers were selected from different
diet. The sweetmeat industry has flourished because of its close locations in Barisal City Corporation in Bangladesh.
links with social and religious ceremonies. Competition and Consumers of different ages and representative of all places
changing tastes have helped to create many new sweets, and within the Barisal City Corporation jurisdiction were
today, this industry has grown not only within the country but communicated beforehand for the consent to participate in this
has also been spread abroad. study, final study group was selected randomly from within
the agreed participants.
Occasions and sweetmeats are the two inseparable part of
Bengali tradition as Bangladeshi people are very much fond Preparation of Interview Schedule
of sweetmeats. In this country, people could not think to The interview schedule was prepared to meet the objective of the
celebrate any auspicious events without sweetmeats. Not only study. A preliminary schedule was tested for recording data to be
in the country, Bangladeshi sweetmeats also famous to all over obtained from consumer. The contents and appropriateness of
the world. A huge variety of sweetmeats are produced in our the interview schedule were judged by the advisory committee.
country; they are mostly different from other according to their A draft interview schedule was prepared keeping in mind
sizes, colors, and tastes. Akanda (2000)[1] and Roy et al. (2002) the following things such as (i) to test appropriateness of the
[2]
carried out research works based on processing and marketing selected sweetmeat items, (ii) to test and verify completeness
of sweetmeats in some selected areas of Bangladesh. However, of the questionnaire, (iii) to identify ambiguous questions,
there is no specific and systematic study in this regard based on and (iv) to assess the respondents’ feedback. A simplified data
uses, consumer preferences, and marketing of milk products. A collection sheet was constructed for the final interviewing of the
good number of studies have been conducted on consumption participants, initial preliminary observations and feedbacks were
pattern of sweetmeats in Bangladesh. However, to the best of our incorporated in the final form for ese of information gathering.
knowledge, some sporadic study on consumer preferences for The questions were listed in a logical and sequencial order for
sweetmeats are conducted in Bangladesh with non-conclusive respondents’ convenience such that no information is missed.
findings that could suggest sweetmeat manufacturers regarding
consumers’ preference. This gap in knowledge has inspired Collection of Data
us to conduct a study on consumer preference of sweetmeats The whole survey was conducted by the first named author after
on a pilot scale. The study, therefore, may serve as a basis for the preparation of the final data collection sheet. Data were
further extensive study covering the countrywide market of collected from the selected respondents by direct interviewing.
sweetmeat products. The specific objectives of the study were With prior concent, the aims and objectives of the study were
to determine the consumer preferences to different sweetmeat explained to the respondent so that they can fearlessly and
products available in Barisal City Corporation of Bangladesh happily share information with the researcher of the designated
and thereby helping the sweetmeat manufacturers to shape study. The information were collected in a friendly manner
products range based on customer demand. with explanation of questions while needed. Upon reaching
to every respondent, information collection happened in a
MATERIALS AND METHODS logical sequence in the form of everyday discussion. Rapport
building has been considered crucial before going to the
Study Area and Duration questions relating to our purpose of the study. After completion
The present study was conducted at different locations in of each interview, the schedule was checked to be sure that all
Barisal City Corporation of Bangladesh and data were collected the answers of the questionnaire were collected. To minimize
by direct interviewing of participants from April to September errors, data were collected in local language and units, and
2016. these were subsequently converted into appropriate standard

Available at www.aujst.com 313

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

text and units. The respondents name, address and contact understanding and in-depth analysis of preference of a respondent
information were used to amend information in case of any to sweetmeats was computed using the following formulae[3]:
confusion during data processing.
Computed Preference Index (CPI) = Chp× 3 + Cmp× 2 + Clp×
Measurement of Dependent Variable 1 + Cnp× 0
Preferences of sweetmeats were dependent variable for this
study. To measure the preference of sweetmeats, a consumer Where,
selected sweetmeats were identified during choice of the Chp = Consumers with high preference
interview schedule. A 4-point numerical rating scale was Cmp = Consumers with moderate preference
developed to explore the extent of preference of sweetmeats. Clp = Consumers with little preference
The weights were assigned to each of the responses as described Cnp = Consumers with no preference
in Table 1. Respondents’ age category is given in Table 1a.
The CPI value for a sweetmeat could range from 0 to 210 (since
Preference score of a respondent could range from 0 to 3, 0 the total respondents were 70), 0 indicating no preference and
indicating no preference, 3 indicating high preference, 2 indicating 210 the very high preference.
moderate preference, and 1 indicating little preference. For clear
Data Analysis
Table 1: Extent of preference and their measurements [5] Collected data were checked and crosschecked before transferring
Extent of preference Weightss to the computer. In analyzing the data, pivot tables and statistical
methods in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, 2017) were
No preference at all 0
used to fulfill the objectives of the study.
Little preference 1
Moderate preference 2
RESULTS
High preference 3
A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire at
Table 1a: Age category of the respondents interviewed different locations in Barisal City Corporation of Bangladesh
Age Respondents Total respondents regarding the consumers’ preference to different sweetmeats
Up to 30 years 17 70 products. The age category of the respondents is given in
Table 1a. It is evident that about 50% of the respondents were
30–50 years 34
of the middle-aged (30–50 years) adult peoples, representing
Above 50 years 19 mostly the employed demographic group in the society.

Table 2: Preference to different sweetmeats among all the respondents irrespective of age
Name of sweetmeat Level of Preference Total response for
High Medium Low No preference each sweetmeat
Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of category
response total* response total response total response total
Dhai 32 41.0 28 17.0 3 1.8 7 2.0 70
Rasagolla 8 10.3 45 27.3 10 5.9 7 2.0 70
Rasamalai 14 17.9 28 17.0 20 11.8 8 2.2 70
Malaikari - 0.0 14 8.5 9 5.3 47 13.1 70
Kalojam - 0.0 19 11.5 20 11.8 31 8.7 70
Chamcham - 0.0 7 4.2 22 13.0 41 11.5 70
Samdesh 1 1.3 2 1.2 31 18.3 36 10.1 70
Chhana - 0.0 1 0.6 11 6.5 58 16.2 70
Dry misty - 0.0 1 0.6 26 15.4 43 12.0 70
Khirsha - 0.0 0 0.0 12 7.1 58 16.2 70
Monda 23 29.5 20 12.1 5 3.0 22 6.1 70
Total response for preference category 77 100 165 100 169 100 358 100 770
*Determined based on total response within specific preference category.

Available at www.aujst.com 314

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

Level of preferences to different sweetmeats by respondents the respondents said that they had no preference for each of
of all ages is given in Table 2. Table 2 represents that Dhai Chana or Khirsha.
was the top among the highly preferred sweetmeat products
(41% of responses), more than 27% of responses showed Computed preference index (CPI) of different sweetmeats for
medium preference for Rasagolla and more than 16% of all the respondents is presented in Table 3. The rank order on
the basis of CPI for different sweetmeats was Dhai > Rasagolla
Table 3: Computed preference index (CPI) of different > Rasamalai > Monda >Kalojam > Samdesh > Malaikari
sweetmeats for all respondents >Chamcham > Dry misty > Chhana > Khirsha.
Name of Probable Probable Calculated
Sweetmeat minimum CPI maximum CPI CPI On the basis of consumer preference of sweetmeats from
Dhai 0 210 155 computed preference index (CPI), sweetmeats can be
Rasagolla 0 210 124 classified into three categories (Table 4). Low preference
category was designated for Khirsha, Dry misty, and Chhana
Rasamalai 0 210 118
with a CPI less than 30, moderate preference was assigned for
Malaikari 0 210 37 CPI range from 30 to 79 which represented by Chamcham,
Kalojam 0 210 58 Kalojam, Malaikari, and Samdesh. Any product with CPI
Chamcham 0 210 36 greater than 80 was considered as high preference category,
Samdesh 0 210 38 that is, Dhai, Rasagolla, Rasamali, and Monda in our study
Chhana 0 210 13 based on consumers’ age.
Dry misty 0 210 28
We have also analyzed and discussed the effect of age of the
Khirsha 0 210 12 consumer on the preference toward different sweetmeat items.
Monda 0 210 114 Table 5 represents the preference to different sweetmeats for
the respondents aged less than 30 years. Dhai, Monda, and
Table 4: Classification of sweetmeats on the basis of Rasagolla were mostly preferred by the respondents of this
CPI for all the respondents age category.
Preference Ranges Sweetmeats
category of CPI Computed preference index (Table 6) for this age category
Low 0–29 Khirsha, Dry misty, Chhana also suggests that Dhai, Monda, Rasagolla, and Rasamalai are
preferred most by peoples under 30 years of age.
Moderate 30–79 Chamcham, Kalojam, Malaikari,
Samdesh
Table 7 shows that people of 30–50 years mostly prefers Dhai,
High Above 80 Dhai, Rasagolla, Rasamalai, Monda Monda, Rasagola, and Rasamalai. This is also supported by

Table 5: Preference to different sweetmeats for the respondents aged <30 years
Name of sweetmeat Level of preference Total
High Medium Low No preference response
Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of
response total* response total response total response total
Dhai 8 44.4 7 15.2 - - 2 2.5 17
Rasagolla - 0.0 12 26.1 2 4.7 3 3.8 17
Rasamalai 1 5.6 7 15.2 6 14.0 3 3.8 17
Malaikari - 0.0 2 4.3 2 4.7 13 16.3 17
Kalojam - 0.0 8 17.4 4 9.3 5 6.3 17
Chamcham - 0.0 2 4.3 5 11.6 10 12.5 17
Samdesh 1 5.6 1 2.2 7 16.3 8 10.0 17
Chhana - 0.0 - 0.0 5 11.6 12 15.0 17
Dry misty - 0.0 1 2.2 8 18.6 8 10.0 17
Khirsha - 0.0 - 0.0 2 4.7 15 18.8 17
Monda 8 44.4 6 13.0 2 4.7 1 1.3 17
Total response for preference category 18 100 46 100 43 100 80 100 187
*Determined based on total response within specific preference category.

Available at www.aujst.com 315

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

CPI of different sweetmeats for respondents aged between 30 Dhai, Rasagolla, Rasamalai, and Malaikari are preferred by
and 50 years (Table 8). most consumers irrespective of age, whereas majority of the
consumers showed no preference to products such as Khirsha
Tables 9 and 10 represent that Dhai, Rasagolla, and Rasamalai and Chhana. Monda was mostly preferred by consumers
are preferred most by people above 50 years of age but they aged less than 50 years. The differences in the preference to
like Monda to the least level. different sweetmeat products by consumers of the different
age groups can be attributed to individual differences in the
choice of products based on taste, flavor, and price, however,
DISCUSSION are representative of the fact that preference of sweetmeat
product changes across demographic groups may be due to
Overall preference toward different sweetmeat products by physiological, mental, and health issues[4]. Our findings are
consumers of different age categories varies widely. However, consistent with Mila et al.[5] who discussed that “consumers
while purchasing dairy products look for freshness, quality,
Table 6: Computed preference index (CPI) of different taste and texture, variety, and convenience. The socioeconomic
sweetmeats for respondents aged <30 years condition of consumers, namely, income status, occupational
Name of Probable Probable Calculated position, educational level, age, and region is the major
sweetmeat minimum CPI maximum CPI CPI determinants of the consumption patterns of milk and milk
Dhai 0 51 38 products. Since the consumers are not homogenous, the
Rasagolla 0 51 26 consumption pattern of milk such as quantum of purchase,
Rasamalai 0 51 23 source of purchase, and brand preference is continually
varying”.
Malaikari 0 51 6
Kalojam 0 51 20 The preference of any food item and per capita consumption
Chamcham 0 51 9 can also be influenced by sex as is indicated by Wang and Li[6]
Samdesh 0 51 12 that average consumption of all dairy products by adult men
Chhana 0 51 5 in the United States was 276, 25, 256, and 290 g/capita/d and
Dry misty 0 51 11 for women 203, 206, 202, and 240 g/capita/d in 1977–78,
1989–91, 1994–95, and 1999–2004, respectively. Although the
Khirsha 0 51 2
participants of our study were within the same City Corporation
Monda 0 51 38 area, there cultural background may be different and may have

Table 7: Preference to different sweetmeats among respondents aged between 30 and 50 years
Name of sweetmeat Level of preference Total
High Medium Low No preference response
Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of
response total* response total response total response total
Dhai 15 34.9 14 15.7 2 2.6 3 1.8 34
Rasagolla 3 7.0 24 27.0 5 6.4 2 1.2 34
Rasamalai 10 23.3 16 18.0 6 7.7 2 1.2 34
Malaikari - 0.0 12 13.5 4 5.1 18 11.0 34
Kalojam - 0.0 5 5.6 13 16.7 16 9.8 34
Chamcham - 0.0 4 4.5 13 16.7 17 10.4 34
Samdesh - 0.0 - 0.0 15 19.2 19 11.6 34
Chhana - - - - 4 5.1 30 18.3 34
Dry misty - 0.0 - 0.0 9 11.5 25 15.2 34
Khirsha - 0.0 - 0.0 5 6.4 29 17.7 34
Monda 15 34.9 14 15.7 2 2.6 3 1.8 34
Total response for preference category 43 100 89 100 78 100 164 100 374
*Determined based on total response within specific preference category.

Available at www.aujst.com 316

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

affected preference to sweetmeat products (Shepherd and 6000–9000; iv) Tk. 9000–12,000; and v) >Tk.12,000. Among
Raats[7]; Hoogland et al.[8]). milk and milk products, the major allocation of expenditure
was devoted to liquid milk followed by sweetmeats and
Roy et al.[2] examined “the consumption pattern of milk and powder milk and other milk products. The municipality town
milk products among different income groups in some selected households consume more milk, sweetmeats, and Dhai than
area in Bangladesh. Family data were collected through rural and metropolitan city. On the other hand, metropolitan
household survey during September 2001–May 2002 for 179 households consume more powder milk, condensed milk, ghee,
selected household from three different areas of Bangladesh, and ice cream”. Income, mobility, media access (Tse et al.),[9]
comprising 40 from rural, 61 from municipality town, and 71 and availability of more options (Kim et al.)[10] to choose from
from metropolitan city households form the basis. The sample a range of sweetmeat products may also have affected the
households were classified into five income groups on monthly preference indices of available sweetmeat products.
income as follows: i) < Tk. 3000; ii) Tk. 3000–6000; iii) Tk.
The sample size and range of products included in this study
Table 8: Computed preference index (CPI) of different are not large enough to utilize the findings of this study in a
sweetmeats for respondents aged between 30 and 50 years
generalized form for sweetmeat shopkeepers of Bangladesh,
Name of Probable Probable Calculated however, this study forms the basis of further study and clearly
sweetmeat minimum CPI maximum CPI CPI shows that sweetmeat manufacturers should be aware of
Dhai 0 102 75 demographic groups of their market to meet their satisfaction
Rasagolla 0 102 62 and also to grab the opportunity of market share with novelty
Rasamalai 0 102 68 in products targeting different age groups of interest.
Malaikari 0 102 28
Kalojam 0 102 23 CONCLUSION
Chamcham 0 102 21
Samdesh 0 102 15 Preference to different sweetmeat products by consumers
Chhana 0 102 4 of different age category varies widely. However, Dhai,
Rasagolla, and Rasamalai are preferred by most consumers
Dry misty 0 102 9
irrespective of age. Consumers over 50 years of age showed
Khirsha 0 102 5
less preference for Monda, whereas majority of the consumers
Monda 0 102 75 showed no preference to products such as Khirsha and

Table 9: Preference to different sweetmeats among respondents aged more than 50 years
Name of sweetmeat Level of preference Total
High Medium Low No preference response
Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of Positive % of
response total* response total response total response total
Dhai 9 52.9 7 23.3 1 2.1 2 1.8 19
Rasagolla 5 29.4 9 30.0 3 6.3 2 1.8 19
Rasamalai 3 17.6 5 16.7 8 16.7 3 2.6 19
Malaikari - - - 0.0 3 6.3 16 14.0 19
Kalojam - - 6 20.0 3 6.3 10 8.8 19
Chamcham - - 1 3.3 4 8.3 14 12.3 19
Samdesh - - 1 3.3 9 18.8 9 7.9 19
Chhana - - 1 3.3 2 4.2 16 14.0 19
Dry misty - - - 0.0 9 18.8 10 8.8 19
Khirsha - - - 0.0 5 10.4 14 12.3 19
Monda - - - 0.0 1 2.1 18 15.8 19
Total response for preference category 17 100 30 100 48 100 114 100 209
*Determined based on total response within specific preference category.

Available at www.aujst.com 317

 Munna, et al.: Preference index of Bangladeshi sweetmeats

Table 10: Computed preference index (CPI) of different Medicine of Patuakhali Science and Technology University
sweetmeats for respondents aged more than 50 years as a research report by G. S. Munna under the supervision of
Name of Probable Probable Calculated M. A. Islam for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of
sweetmeat minimum CPI maximum CPI CPI the degree of B. Sc. in Animal Husbandry (Hons).
Dhai 0 57 42
Rasagolla 0 57 36 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Rasamalai 0 57 27
We acknowledge the contribution of all participants in this
Malaikari 0 57 3
survey-based research work.
Kalojam 0 57 15
Chamcham 0 57 6
REFERENCES
Samdesh 0 57 11
Chhana 0 57 4 1. Akanda AM. Processing and Marketing of Sweetmeats in
Dry misty 0 57 9 Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh. Mymensingh: MS Thesis,
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural
Khirsha 0 57 5
University; 2000.
Monda 0 57 1 2. Roy BK, Haque KS, Islam MR, Hasanuzzaman M, Rahman MM.
Consumption pattern of milk and milk products among different
income levels in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Pak J Nutr
Chhana. All the consumers together constitute the consumer
2002;1:282-7.
market. Consumers play the key role in guiding an economy 3. Jamal MM. Preference of Dropout Rural Youth in Selected
to the production of goods and services that they demand. Agricultural and Non-agricultural Activities for Self-employment.
Consumer’s research is extremely important to market strategy Mymensingh, Bangladesh: M.S. Thesis. Department of
of sweetmeat products, because knowledge of the factors Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural
influencing consumers’ buying behavior and consumer’s University; 1996.
preference toward a product can help increase market share. 4. Solomon MR. Consumer Behavior. 5th ed. Singapore: Pearson
Education Private Limited; 2003.
5. Mila FA, Raha SK. Consumers’ preference for processed milk- A study
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS in Mymensingh town. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2012; 10:267-76.
6. Wang Y, Li S. Worldwide trends in dairy production and
M. A. Islam conceptualized the design of the experiment and consumption and calcium intake: Is promoting consumption
developed the structured interview schedule, and G. S. Munna of dairy products a sustainable solution for inadequate calcium
collected data for this experiment. Data organization, analyses, intake? Food Nutr Bull 2008;29:172-85.
and drafting of the original manuscript were conducted 7. Shepherd R, Raats MM. The Psychology of Food Choice.
by M. A. Islam, M. I. Omar, and G. S. Munna. T. Chanda and Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing; 2007.
M. A. Matin contributed to the writing: Critical discussion and 8. Hoogland CT, de Boer J, Boersema JJ. Transparency of the meat
editing and fitting the manuscript into present format. chain in light of food culture and history. J App 2005;45:15-23.
9. Tse DK, Belk RW, Zhou N. Becoming a consumer society:
A longitudinal and cross-cultural content analysis of print
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST advertisements from Hong Kong, the people’s republic of China,
and Taiwan. J Consu Res 1989;15:457-72.
The original draft of this manuscript was prepared and 10. Kim JO, Forsythe S, Gu Q, Moon SJ. Cross-cultural consumers
submitted to the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary values need and purchase behavior. J Con Mar 2002;19:481-502.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0

International License.

Available at www.aujst.com 318

View publication stats