Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 6.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
Q1. In the given figure, if BAC = 90° A
and AD  BC. Then,
(a) BD  DC = BC2
(b) AB  AC = BC2
(c) BD  CD = AD2
(d) AB  AC = AD2 B
D
C
Sol. (c): In ADC and ADB,
BDA = ADC = 90° [Given] A
B = DAC = (90° – C)
 ADB ~ CDA
[By AA similarity critierion]
AD AB DB
 = = B C
CD CA DA D
 AD2 = BD  DC
Q2. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm.
Then, the length of the side of the rhombus is
(a) 9 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 20 cm
Sol. (b): Let the length of the side of the rhombus is a cm.
As the diagonals of rhombus bisect at 90° so by Pythagoras theorem
in right angled DOAB,
2 2
2
 d1   d2 
a =     
2 2
2 2
 12   16 
=    
 2  2
= (6)2 + (8)2 = 36 + 64
2
 a = 100
 a = 10 cm
Q3. If DABC ~ DEDF and DABC is not similar to DDEF, then which of
the following is not true?
(a) BC  EF = AC  FD (b) AB  EF = AC  DE
(c) BC  DE = AB  EF (d) BC  DE = AB  FD
Sol. (c): DABC ~ DEDF [Given]
AB AC BC
= = ...(i)
ED EF DF

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, every statement will be true if it satisfies the above relation, i.e.,
LHS from option and RHS from (i).
(a) BC  EF = AC  DF True
(b) AB  EF = AC  DE True
(c) BC  DE = AB  EF False
(d) BC  DE = AB  DF True
AB BC CA
Q4. If in two triangles ABC and PQR, = = , then
QR PR PQ
(a) DPQR ~ DCAB (b) DPQR ~ DABC
(c) DCBA ~ DPQR (d) DBCA ~ DPQR
Sol. (a): Here, vertex P corresponds to vertex C, vertex Q corresponds
to vertex A and vertex R corresponds to vertex B. Symbolically, we
write the similarity of these two triangles as DPQR ~ DCAB.
Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
Q5. In the given figure, two line A
D
segments AC and BD intersect
each other at P such that PA = 6 cm, 6c
m m 30°
PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, 5c
APB = 50° and CDP = 30°, then P
PBA is equal to 50°
2.5
(a) 50° (b) 30° cm
cm
(c) 60° (d) 100° 3
B C
Sol. (d): Considering DAPB and
DDPC
PA 6.0 12
= 
PC 2.5 5
PB 3 PA
= 
PD 5 PC
So, the above solution is rejected.
PA 6
Now, =
PD 5
PB 3.0 6
= 
PC 2.5 5
PA PB
 =
PD PC
APB = CPD = 50° [Vertically opp s]
\ DAPB ~ DDPC [By SAS similarity criterion]
PBA = PCD [Q Corresponding s of similar
Ds are equal]
In DDPC, DPC = APB = 50° [Vertically opp. s]
D = 30°

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 PCD = C = 180° – 50° – 30° = 180 – 80° = 100°

 PBA = 100° verifies the option (d).
Q6. If in two triangles DEF and PQR, D = Q and R = E, then
which of the following is not true?
EF DF DE EF DE DF EF DE
(a) = (b) = (c) = (d) =
PR PQ PQ RP QR PQ RP QR
Sol. (b): In DDEF and DPQR, D Q
D = Q 
E = R  [Given]
 F = P 
 DDEF ~ DQRP
DE DF EF
 = = E F R P
QR QP RP
Hence, (b) is not true.
Q7. In DABC and DDEF, B =E, F = C and AB = 3DE. Then,
the two triangles are
(a) congruent but not similar (b) similar but not congruent
(c) neither congruent nor similar (d) congruent as well as similar
Sol. (b): In DABC and DDEF, A D
B = E 
 [Given]
C = F 
\ DABC ~ DDEF
[By AA similarity criterion] B C E F
So, AB and DE sides are corresponding sides.
But, AB = 3DE [Given]
So, DABC cannot be congruent to DDEF.
So, Ds are similar but not congruent.
BC 1 ar ( DPRQ)
Q8. It is given that DABC ~ DPQR, with  . Then is
QR 3 ar ( DBCA)
equal to
1 1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) (d)
3 9
Sol. (a): DABC ~ DPQR [Given]
2 2
ar ( DABC) BC  1 1
\ =  2   [By area theorem]
ar ( DPQR) QR 3 9
ar ( DPQR) 9
or = =
ar ( DABC) 1
Hence, verifies option (a).

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q9. It is given that DABC ~ DDFE, A = 30°, A

C = 50°, AB = 5 cm, AC = 8 cm and DF = 7.5 cm,
then which of the following is true? 30°

8c
(a) DE = 12 cm, F = 50°

m
5c
(b) DE = 12 cm, F = 100°
(c) EF = 12 cm, D = 100°
100° 50°
(d) EF = 12 cm, D = 30° B C
Sol. (b): DABC ~ DDEF [Given]
AB AC BC
 = =
DF DE FE
5 8 BC
 = 
7.5 DE EF
8  7.5
 DE =  12 cm
5
Now, A = D = 30°
B = F = 180° – 30° – 50° = 100°
C = E = 50°
 Verifies the option (b) i.e., DE = 12 cm, F = 100°.
AB BC
Q10. If in DABC and DDEF, = , then they will be similar, when
DE FD
(a) B = E (b) A = D (c) B = D (d) A = F
Sol. (c): In DABC and DDEF,
AB BC
=
DE FD
Angle formed by AB and BC is B.
Angle formed by DE and FD is D.
So, B = D
\ DABC ~ DEDF [By SAS similarity criterion]
Hence, (c) is the correct answer.
ar ( DABC) 9
Q11. If DABC ~ DQRP,   , AB 18 cm and BC = 15 cm,
ar ( DPQR) 4
then PR is equal to
(a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 8 cm
3
Sol. (a):  DABC ~ DQRP [Given]
ar ( DABC) BC 2
AB 2
 =  [By area theorem]
ar (DQRP) RP 2
QR 2
9 152 18 2
 = 
4 RP 2 QR 2

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

15  15  4
 RP2 =
9
 RP2 = 100
 RP = 10 cm
Hence, verifies the option (a).
Q12. If S is a point on side PQ, of a DPQR such that PS = SQ = RS, then
(a) PR  QR = RS2 R
(b) QS2 + RS2 = QR2
(c) PR2 + QR2 = PQ2 1 2
(d) PS2 + RS2 = PR2
Sol. (c): In DPQR,
PS = SQ = RS P Q
Now, in DPSR, S
PS = SR
 P = 1
[Angles opposite to equal sides in a triangle are equal]
Similarly, in SRQ,
Q = 2
Now, in DPQR,
P + Q + R = 180°[Angle sum property of a triangle]
 1 + 2 + (1 + 2) = 180°
 2(1 + 2) = 180°
 1 + 2 = 90°
 PRQ = 90°
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
PQ2 = PR2 + RQ2
Hence, verifies the option (c).

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 6.2
Q1. Is the triangle with sides 25 cm, 5 cm, and 24 cm a right triangle?
Give reasons for your answer.
Sol. False: By converse of Pythagoras theorem, this D will be right
angle triangle if
(25)2 = (5)2 + (24)2
 625 = 25 + 576
 625  601
So, the given triangle is not right angled triangle.
Q2. It is given that DEF ~ RPQ. Is it true to say that D = R
and F = P? Why?
Sol. False: When DEF ~ RPQ, each angle of a triangle will be
equal to the corresponding angle of similar triangle so
D = R

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

E = P
F = Q
So, D = R is true but F  P.
Hence, it is not true that D = R and F = P.
Q3. A and B are respectively the points P
on the sides PQ and PR of a DPQR such
that PQ = 12.5 cm, PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm and

4c
5c
PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give reasons

m
cm
for your answer.

.5
A B

12
Sol. True: By converse of BPT, AB will

6c
be parallel to QR if AB, divides PQ and

m
PR in the same ratio i.e.,
AP PB Q R
=
AQ BR
5 4
 =
12.5  5 6
5.0 2 2 2
 = or 
7.5 3 3 3
So, AB is parallel to QR. Hence, the given statement AB|| QR is true.
Q4. In the given figure, BD and CE intersect each other at P. Is DPBC ~
DPDE? Why?
Sol. True: In DPBC and DPDE, we have
BPC = DPE [Vertically opposite angles]
BP 5 1
= 
PD 10 2
PC 6 1
= 
PE 12 2
BP PC
 =
PD PE
Hence, DBPC ~ DDPE [By SAS similarity criterion]
Hence, the given statement is true.
Q5. In DPQR and DMST, P = 55°, Q = 25°, M = 100°, S = 25°.
Is DQPR ~ DTSM? Why?
Sol. False: DQPR and DTSM will be similar if its corresponding angles
are equal P S
Q = 25°
P = 55° 55° 25°
 R = 180° – (25° + 55°)
= 180° – 80°
 R = 100° 25°
100°
S = 25° Q R T M

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

M = 100°
 T = 180° – (100° + 25°) = 55°
 Q  T
P  S
R  M
So, DQPR is not similar to DTSM. So, the given statement DQPR ~ DTSM
is false.
Q6. Is the following statement true? Why?
“Two quadrilaterals are similar if their corresponding angles are equal”.
Sol. False: Two quadrilaterals will be similar if their corresponding
angles as well as ratio of sides are also equal. So, the given statement
is false.
Q7. Two sides and the perimeter of one triangle are respectively three
times the corresponding sides and the perimeter of the other triangle.
Are the two triangles similar? Why?
Sol. True: Let the two sides of DABC are AB = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm and
perimeter AB + BC + AC = 13 cm, then BC = 13 – 7 = 6 cm.
According to the question, the sides of another DDEF are
DE = 3  3 = 9,
DF = 3  4 = 12,
and DE + DF + EF = 3  13 = 39
So, EF = 39 – 12 – 9 = 18
DE 9 3
 = 
AB 3 1
DF 12 3
= 
AC 4 1
EF 18 3
= 
BC 6 1
DE DF EF 3
 =  
AB AC BC 1
As the ratio of corresponding sides in two Ds are same then
DDEF ~ DABC by SSS similarity criterion.
Hence, the triangles are similar or the given statement is true.
Q8. If in two right triangles, P
one of the acute angles of one A
triangle is equal to an acute
angle of the other triangle,
can you say that two triangles
will be similar? Why?
Sol. True: In ABC and PQR, B C Q R

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

B = Q = 90° [Given]
C = R [Given]
 DABC ~ DPQR [By AA similarity criterion]
Hence, the statement that two triangles are similar is true.
Q9. The ratio of the corresponding altitudes of two similar triangles is
3 6
. Is it correct to say that ratio of their areas is ? Why?
5 5
Sol. False: If two triangles
are similar, then the ratio of
areas of two triangles will
be equal to the square of the
ratios of their corresponding
sides or altitudes or angle
bisectors,
If DABC ~ DPQR, then
2
ar ( ABC)  AD 
=  
ar ( PQR) PM 
2
ar ( ABC)  3
 =  
ar ( PQR) 5
9 6
= 
25 5
So, the given statement is false.
Q10. D is the point on side QR of DPQR such that PD  QR. Will it be
correct to say that DPQD ~ DRPD? Why?
Sol. False: In DPDQ and DPDR,
PD  QR [Given]
 PDQ = PDR = 90° P
PD does not bisect P.
\ 1  2 1 2
Q  R [Q PQ  QR]
Any ratio of sides are also not equal. So,
DPDQ is not similar to DPDR. Hence, the Q D
R
given statement is false.
Q11. In the given figure, D = C, then is it true
that DADE ~ DACB? Why?
Sol. True: In DADE and DABC,
D = C [Given]
A = A [Common]
\ DADE ~ DACB [By AA similarity criterion]
Q12. Is it true to say that if in two triangls, an angle of one triangle is
equal to an angle of another triangle and, two sides of one triangle are

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

proportional to the two sides of the other triangle, then triangles are
similar? Give reasons for your answer.
Sol. False: Here, the ratio of two sides of a triangle is equal to the ratio
of corresponding two sides of other triangle, although the one angle
of one triangle is equal to one angle of other triangle but, not included
angles of proportional sides are equal.
So, triangles are not similar. Hence, the given statement is false.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 6.3
Q1. In a DPQR, PR – PQ = QR2 and M is a point on side PR such that
2 2

QM  PR. Prove that QM2 = PM  MR.

P
Sol. Given: In DPQR,
PR2 – PQ2 = QR2
 PR2 = PQ2+ QR2
 PR is hypotenuse. 1 M
Also, QM  PR 2
To Prove: MQ2 = MP  MR 3
Q R
Proof: In DPQR,
PR2 – PQ2 = QR2 [Given]
 PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
\ PQR = 90° [By conv. of Pythagoras theorem]
In DQMP and DQMR, [ Sides QM, MP and MR form these]
QM  PR
 1 = 2 = 90°
3 = 90° – R
P = 90° – R
 3 = P
 DQMP ~ DQMR [By AA similarity criterion]
PQ PM QM
 = 
QR QM RM
 QM2 = PM  RM
Hence, proved.
Q2. Find the value of x for which DE ||AB in the given figure.
Sol. In DABC, DE || AB.
AD BE A B
 =
DC EC 3x + 19 3x + 4
3 x  19 3x  4
 = D E
x3 x x
 x(3x + 19) = (x + 3) (3x + 4) x+3 x
2 2
 3x + 19x = 3x + 4x + 9x + 12
C
 3x2 – 3x2 + 19x – 13x = 12

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 6x = 12
12
 x=
6
 x=2
Hence, the required value of x is 2.
Q3. In the given figure, 1 = 2
and DNQS  DMTR.
Prove that DPTS ~ DPRQ.
Sol. Given: In DPQR,
point S is on PQ and T is on PR
such that 1 = 2
and DNSQ  DMTR
To prove: DPTS ~ DPRQ
Proof: DNSQ  DMTR [Given]
 SQ = TR [CPCT] (I)
1 = 2 [Given]
 PT = PS [Sides opposite to equal angles in DPTS] (II)
PT PS
 = [From (I), (II)]
TR SQ
 ST || QR [By converse of BPT]
Now, in DPTS and DPRQ, we have
ST || QR [Proved above]
1 = 3 [Corresponding s]
2 = 4 [Corresponding s]
 DPTS ~ DPRQ [By AA similarity criterion]
Hence, proved.
Q4. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS intersect each other at the point O,
PQ || RS and PQ = 3RS. Find the ratio of the areas of DPOQ and DROS.
Sol. Given: PQRS is a trapezium with
PQ || RS and PQ = 3RS
ar ( POQ)
To find:
ar ( ROS)
Proof: In DPOQ and DROS,
PQ || RS [Given]
 1 = 3 [Alt. int. s]
2 = 4 [Alt. int. s]
 DPOQ ~ DROS [By AA similarity criterion]
ar ( POQ) 2
 PQ 
So, =   [By area theorem]
ar ( ROS)  RS 

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

But, PQ = 3RS [Given]

ar ( POQ) 2
 3RS  9
 =  =
ar ( ROS)  RS  1
Hence, the required ratio is 9 : 1.
Q5. In the given figure, if AB ||DC, A P B
and AC and PQ intersect each other 4 2
at O, prove that OA . CQ = OC  AP
Sol. Given: ABCD, O
AB || DC
and PQ intersect AC at O (in figure) 1 3
To Prove: OA  CQ = OC  AP D C
Q
Proof: In DOPA and DOQC,
1 = 2 
 [Alt. int. s]
3 = 4 
 DOPA ~ DOQC [By AA similarity criterion]
OQ OC QC
 = 
OP OA PA
 OA  CQ = OC  PA
Hence, proved.
Q6. Find the altitude of an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm.
Sol. DABC is an equilateral triangle. [Given]
AB = BC = AC = 8 cm [Given]
AD  BC [Given]
 1 = 2 = 90°
In DADB and DADC,
AB = AC [Sides of an equilateral D]
1 = 2 = 90°
AD = AD [Common]
 DADB  DADC [By RHS congruence criterion]
 BD = DC [CPCT]
BC AB 8
 BD = DC =    4 cm
2 2 2
 By Pythagoras theorem, we have
AD2 + BD2 = AB2
 AD2 + (4)2 = (8)2
 AD2 = 64 – 16
 AD2 = 48
 AD = 4 3 cm

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q7. If DABC ~ DDEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm, EF = 9 cm, FD = 12 cm, then

find the perimeter of DABC.

Sol. Given: In DABC and DDEF,

AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm
EF = 9 cm, FD = 12 cm
To find: Perimeter of DABC
Proof: DABC ~ DDEF [Given]
AB AC BC
\ = 
DE DF EF
4 AC BC
 = 
6 12 9
4
 AC =  12  8 cm
6
4
and BC =  9  6 cm
6
 The perimeter of DABC = AB + BC + AC
= 4 cm + 6 cm + 8 cm = 18 cm
Q8. In the given figure, if DE || BC, then find the ratio of ar (DADE) and
ar ( DECB). A
Sol. Given: In DABC, in which
DE || BC
and DE = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm 2 4
ar ( ADE) D E
6 cm
To find:
ar ( DECB)
1 3
In DADE and DABC, B C
DE || BC [Given] 12 cm
 1 = 2 
 [Corresponding angles]
3 = 4 
 DADE ~ DABC [By AA similarity critrion]
ar ( ABC) 2
 BC 
Now, =
ar ( ADE)  DE 
[Q Ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the squares
of the ratio of their corresponding sides]

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

ar (DECB) + ar ( DADE)  12 
2
 =  
ar ( DADE)  6
ar (DECB) ar ( DADE)
  = (2)2
ar ( DADE) ar ( DADE)
ar (DECB)
 1 = 4
ar ( DADE)
ar (DECB)
 = 4–1=3
ar ( DADE)
ar ( DADE) 1
 =
ar (DECB) 3
Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 3.
Q9. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and P, Q are points on AD
and BC respectively such that PQ|| DC. If PD = 18 cm, BQ = 35 cm and
QC = 15 cm, find AD.
Sol. Given: ABCD is a trapezium in which
AB || CD and
PQ || DC (See figure)
Also, PD = 18 cm,
BQ = 35 cm and QC = 15 cm
To find: AD
Proof: In trapezium ABCD,
AB || CD
PQ || DC
 AB || CD || PQ (I)
In DBCD,
OQ || CD [From (I)]
BO BQ
\ = (II) [By BPT]
OD QC
Similarly, in DDAB,
PO || AB [From (I)]
BO AP
 = (III) [By BPT]
OD PD
From (II) and (III)
AP BQ
=
PD QC
AP 35
 =
18 15
35
 AP =  18 7  6
15

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 AP = 42 cm
 AD = AP + PD = 42 cm + 18 cm = 60 cm
Q10. Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio
2 : 3. If the area of the smaller triangle is 48 cm2, then find the area of
the larger triangle.
Sol. If DABC ~ DDEF, then by area theorem,
ar ( DABC) AB  2
= 
ar ( DDEF)  DE 
But, AB : DE = 2 : 3
and ar (DABC) (smaller) = 48 cm2
48 2
 =  2 
ar ( DDEF)  3
48  9
 ar (DDEF) =  108 cm 2
4
Q11. In a DPQR, N is the point on PR such that QN  PR. If
PN  NR = QN2, then prove that PQR = 90°.
Sol. Given: DPQR in which QN  PR and PN  NR = QN2.
To Prove: PQR = 90°
Proof: In DQNP and DQNR,
QN  PR [Given]
 1 = 2 = 90° P
QN2 = NR  NP [Given]
QN NP QN NR
 = or =
NR QN NP QN N
1
 DPNQ ~ DQNR y 2
[By SAS similarity criterion] x
Q R
P = RQN = x (I)
1 = 2 = 90°
PQN = R = y (II)
In DPQR, we have
P + PQR + R = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]
 x + x + y + y = 180° [Using (I) and (II)]
 2x + 2y = 180°
 x + y = 90°
 PQR = 90°
Hence, proved.
Q12. Areas of two similar triangles are 36 cm2 and 100 cm2. If the
length of a side of the larger triangle is 20 cm, find the length of the
corresponding side of the similar triangle.
Sol. Here, ar (DABC) = 36 cm2, ar (DDEF) = 100 cm2, DE = 20 cm, AB = ?

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

ar ( DABC)  AB  2
If DABC ~ DDEF, then by area theorem =
ar ( DDEF)  DE 

36  AB 
 =
100  DE 

 6 =  AB  [Taking square root]

 DE 
10
6 AB 6  20
or =  AB =  12 cm
10 20 10
 AB = 12 cm. Hence, side of smaller D is 12 cm.
Q13. In the given figure, if
ACB = CDA, AC = 8 cm,
AD = 3 cm, then find BD.
Sol. In DACD and DACB, we have
CDA = ACB [Given]
A = A [Common]
\ DACD ~ DACB [By AA similarity criterion]
AC DC AD 8 DC 3
So, =   = 
AB BC AC AB BC 8
8 3 8  8 64
Now, =  AB = 
AB 8 3 3
64 64  9
BD = AB – AD = 3
3 3
55
= cm = 18.33 cm
3
Hence, BD = 18.33 cm.
Q14. A 15 m high tower casts a shadow 24 m long at a certain time and
at the same time a telephone pole casts a shadow 16 m long. Find the
height of the telephone pole.

Sol. Let TW = 15 m be the tower and SW = 24 m be its shadow. Also, let

PL be the telephone pole and AL = 16 m be its shadow.
Let PL = x metres.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

In DTWS and DPLA,

W = L = 90°
S= A [Each = Angular elevation of sun]
 DTWS ~ DPLA
TW TS WS
 = =
PL PA LA
15 24
 =
x 16
15  16
 x=  52
24
 x = 10 m
Hence, the height of the pole is 10 m.
Q15. Foot of a 10 m long ladder leaning against
a vertical wall is 6 m away from the base of wall.
Find the height of the point on the wall where the
top of the ladder reaches.
Sol. As wall WL = x m is vertically up so by
Pythagoras theorem,
x2 = 102 – 62 = 100 – 36
 x2 = 64
 x = 8m

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 6.4
Q1. In the given figure, if A = C, AB = 6 cm,
BP = 15 cm, AP = 12 cm and CP = 4 cm, then
find the lengths of PD and CD.
Sol. In DABP andD CDP,
A = C [Given]
1 = 2
[Vertically opposite angles]
 DABP ~ DCDP [By AA similarity criterion]
AB AP BP
 = 
CD CP DP
6 12 15 15 12
 =   =
y 4 x x 4
6 12 15
 =  =x
y 4 3
6  x = 5 cm
 y =  2 cm
3
 PD = 5 cm and DC = 2 cm

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q2. It is given that DABC ~ DEDF such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm, DF = 15

cm and DE = 12 cm. Find the lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles.

Sol. DABC ~ DEDF [Given]

AB AC BC
\ = =
ED EF DF
5 7 x
 = 
12 y 15
5 7
 =
12 y
7  12 84
 y=   16.8 cm
5 5
5  15 25
and x=   6.25 cm
12 4
Hence, the length of BC = 6.25 cm and EF = 16.8 cm.
Q3. Prove that, if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to
intersect the other two sides, then the two sides are divided in the
same ratio. A
Sol. Given: In DABC, F G
DE || BC
AD AE D E
To Prove: =
DB EC
Construction: Draw EF  AB and DG  AC. B C
Join DC and BE.
1
ar ( ADE) 2 AD  EF AD
Proof: = 1  (I)
ar ( DBE) DB  EF DB
2
1
AE  DG
ar ( AED) AE
and = 2  (II)
1
ar ( ECD) EC  DG EC
2
Note that DBE and ECD are on same base DE and between same
parallel lines DE and BC.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 ar (DDBE) = ar (DECD) (III)

From equations (II) and (III), we have
ar ( AED) AE
= (IV)
ar ( DBE) EC
From equations (I) and (IV), we have
AD AE
=
DB EC
Hence, proved.
Q4. In the given figure, if PQRS is a
parallelogram and AB || PS, then prove
that OC || SR.
Sol. Given: In DABC, O is any point in the
interior of DABC. OA, OB, OC are joined.
PQRS is a parallelogram such that P, Q, R
and S lies on segments OA, AC, BC and
OB and PS || AB.
To Prove: OC || SR
Proof: In DOAB and DOPS
PS || AB [Given]
 1 = 2 
 [Corresponding angles]
3 = 4 
 DOPS ~ DOAB [By AA similarity criterion]
OP OS PS
 = = (I)
OA OB AB
PQRS is a parallelogram so PS || QR. (II)
 QR || AB (III) [From (I), (II]
In DCQR and DCAB,
QR || AB (III)
 CAB = 5 
 [Corresponding angles]
CBA = 6 
 DCQR ~ DCAB [By AA similarity criterion]
CQ CR QR
 = =
CA CB AB
PQRS is a parallelogram.
 PS || QR
PS CR CQ
 = = (IV)
AB CB CA
CR OS
 = [From (I) and (IV)]
CB OB
These are the ratios of two sides of DBOC and are equal so by converse
of BPT, SR ||OC.
Hence, proved.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q5. A 5 m long ladder is placed leaning towards a vertical wall such

that it reaches the wall at a point 4 m high. If the foot of the ladder is
moved 1.6 m towards the wall, then find the distance by which the top
of the ladder would slide upwards on the wall.
Sol. In figure ELW is a wall. DL and RE are two positions of ladder of
length 5 cm.
Case I: In right angled DLWD,
DW2 = DL2 – LW2
 DW2 = 52 – 42
= 25 – 16 = 9
 DW = 3 m
Case II: RW = DW – DR
= 3 – 1.6 = 1.4 m
In right angled triangle RWE,
EW2 = RE2 – RW2
= 52 – 1.42 = 25 – 1.96
= 23.04
EW = 23.04 = 4.8 m.
 The distance by which the ladder shifted upward = EL = 4.8 m – 4 m
= 0.8 m
Hence, the ladder would slide upward on wall by 0.8 m.
Q6. For going to a city B from city A, there is route via city C, such that
AC  CB, AC = 2x km, and CB = 2 (x + 7) km. It is proposed to construct
a 26 km highway which directly connects the two cities A and B. Find
how much distance will be saved in reaching city B from city A, after
the construction of the highway.
Sol. Distance saved by direct highway = (AC + BC) – AB
 AC  BC so by Pythagoras theorem
AC2 + BC2 = AB2
 (2x)2 + [2(x + 7)]2 = 262
 22x2 + 22 (x + 7)2 = 676
 4x + 4(x2 + 49 + 14x) = 676
2

 4[x2 + x2 + 49 + 14x] = 676

676
 2x2 + 14x + 49 =
4
 2x2 + 14x + 49 = 169
 2x2 + 14x + 49 – 169 = 0
 2x2 + 14x – 120 = 0
 x2 + 7x – 60 = 0
 x2 + 12x – 5x – 60 = 0
 x(x + 12) – 5 (x + 12) = 0

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 (x + 12) (x – 5) = 0
 x + 12 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
 x = – 12 or x=5
(rejected)
 The required distance = AC + BC – AB
= 2x + 2x + 14 – 26
= 4x – 12
= 4  5 – 12 = 20 – 12 [Q x = 5]
= 8 km
Hence, the distance saved by highway is 8 km.
Q7. A flag pole 18 m high casts a shadow 9.6 m long. Find the distance
of the top of the pole from the far end of the shadow.
Sol. Pole PL = 18 m casts shadow LS = 9.6 m
The required distance between top of pole and far end of shadow is
equal to PS as pole is vertical so –L = 90°. P
 By Pythagoras theorem,
PS2 = 182 + 9.62
 PS2 = 324 + 92.16 = 416.16 18 m
 PS = 416.16
 PS = 20.4 m
Hence, the required distance = 20.4 m S
9.6 m
L
Q8. A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 6 m above the level of the
street. If a woman of height 1.5 m casts a shadow of 3 m, then find how
far she is away from the base of the pole.
Sol. In DLPS and DNWS,
Bulb L is fixed at a height of 6 m above the road SP.
Woman and pole are vertical.
 1 = 2 = 90°
S = S [Common]
\ DLPS ~ DNWS [By AA similarity criterion]
LP LS PS
 = =
NW NS WS
6m LS
 =
1.5 m NS 3
6 3x
 =
1.5 3
 4.5 + 1.5x = 18
 1.5x = 18 – 4.5
13.5
 x= =9m
1.5
Hence, the woman is 9 m away from the pole.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q9. In the given figure, ABC, is a

triangle right angled at B and BD  AC.
If AD = 4 cm, and CD = 5 cm then find
BD and AB.
Sol. In DABC,
ABC = 90° [Given]
BD  AC [Hypotenuse]
 BD2 = DA  DC
 BD2 = 4  5
 BD = 2 5 cm
In right angled DBDA,
BD  AC [Given]
 BDA = 90°
 AB2 = AD2 + BD2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
= 4 2  (2 5)2
= 16 + 20 = 36
 AB = 6 cm
Q10. In the given figure, PQR is a
right triangle right angled at Q and
QS  PR. If PQ = 6 cm and PS = 4 cm,
then find QS, RS and QR.
Sol. In DPQR,
PQR = 90° [Given]
QS  PR
 [From vertex Q to hypotenuse PR]
 QS2 = PS  SR (I) [By theorem]
Now, in DPSQ, we have
QS2 = PQ2 – PS2 [By Pythagoraus theorem]
= 62 – 42
= 36 – 16
 QS2 = 20
 QS = 2 5
QS2 = PS  SR (I)
 (2 5)2 = 4  SR
20
 = SR
4
 SR = 5 cm
Now, QS  PR
 QSR = 90°

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 QR2 = QS2 + SR2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

= (2 5)2  52
= 20 + 25
 QR2 = 45
 QR = 3 5 cm
Hence,
 QS 2 5 , RS 5 cm and QR = 3 5 cm.
Q11. In DPQR, PD  QR such that D lies on
QR, if PQ = a, PR = b, QD = and DR = d, then
prove that (a + b) (a – b) = (c + d) (c – d)
Sol. Given: In DPQR, PD ^ QR so 1 = 2.
PQ = a, PR = b, QD = c and DR = d.
To Prove: (a + b)(a – b) = (c + d)(c – d)
Proof: In right angle DPDQ,
PD2 = PQ2 – QD2
[By Pythagoras theorem]
 PD2 = a2 – c2 (I)
Similarly, in right angled DPDR,
PD2 = PR2 – DR2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
 PD2 = b2 – d2 (II)
From (I) and (II), we have
a2 – c2 = b2 – d2
 a2 – b2 = c2 – d2
 (a – b) (a + b) = (c – d) (c + d)
Hence, proved.
Q12. In a quadrilateral ABCD, A + D = 90°. Prove that
AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2
[Hint: Produce AB and DC to
meet at E.]
Sol. Given: A quadrilateral ABCD
in which A + D = 90°.
To Prove: AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2
Construction: Join AC and BD.
Produce AB and DC to meet at E.
Proof: In DADE,
BAD + CDA = 90° [Given]
 E = 90° [Int. angles of a D]
By Pythagoras theorem in DADE and DBCE,
AD2 = AE2 + DE2 (I)
BC2 = BE2 + EC2 (II)

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Adding (I) and (II), we get

AD2 + BC2 = AE2 + EC2 + DE2 + BE2 (III)
By Pythagoras theorem in DECA and DEBD,
AC2 = AE2 + CE2 (IV)
BD2 = BE2 + DE2 (V)
 AC2 + BD2 = AE2 + BE2 + CE2 + DE2 (VI)[Adding (IV) and (V)]
 AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2 [Using (III)]
Hence, proved.
Q13. In the given figure, l || m and line segments AB, CD, and EF are
concurrent at point P.
AE AC CE
Prove that: = =
BF BD FD

Sol. Given: l || m
Line segments AB, CD and EF intersect
at P.
Points A, E and C are on line l.
Points D, F and B are on line m.
AE AC CE
To Prove: = =
BF BD FD
Proof: In DAEP and DBFP,
l || m [Given]
1 = 2  [Alternate interior angles]

3 = 4  [Same reason]
 DAEP ~ DBFP [By AA similarity criterion]
AE AP EP
 = = (I)
BF BP FP
In DCEP and DDFP,
l || m [Given]
7 = 8 
 [Alternate interior angles]
5 = 6 
 DCEP ~ DDFP [By AA similarity criterion]

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

CE CP EP
 = = (II)
DF DP FP
In DACP and DBDP,
l || m [Given]
1 = 2 
 [Alternate interior angles]
5 = 6 
 DACP ~ DBDP [By AA similarity criterion]
AC AP CP
 =  (III)
BD BP DP
AP AC CP CE EP AE
 = = = = =
PB BD DP DF FP BF
AC AE CE
 = =
BD BF DF
Hence, proved.
Q14. In the given figure, PA, QB,
RC, and SD are all perpendiculars
to line ‘l’, AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm,
CD = 12 cm and SP = 36 cm. Find PQ,
QR and RS.
Sol. Given: PA, QB, RC and SD are
perpendiculars on line l.
AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm, CD = 12 cm
S
R
Q
P

E 6 9 12
A B C D l
To find: PQ, QR and RS
Construction: Produce SP and l to meet each other at E.
Proof: In DEDS,
AP || BQ || DS || CR [Given]
 PQ : QR : RS = AB : BC : CD
PQ : QR : RS = 6 : 9 : 12
Let PQ = 6x
then QR = 9x
and RS = 12x
 PQ + QR + RS = 36 cm
 6x + 9x + 12x = 36

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 27x = 36
36 4
 x= 
27 3
4
 PQ = 6   8 cm
3
4
QR = 9   12 cm
3
4
RS = 12   16 cm
3
Q15. ‘O’ is the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD of
a trapezium ABCD with AB || CD. Through ‘O’, a line PQ is drawn
parallel to AB meeting AD in P and BC in Q. Prove that PO = QO.
Sol. Given: In trapezium ABCD, AB || DC.
Diagonals BD and AC intersect at O and POQ || DC ||AB
To Prove: PO = QO
Proof: In DABD, A B
PO || AB [Given]
P Q
AP BO O
 = (I)
PD OD
Similarly, in DBDC,
OQ || DC D C
BO BQ
 = (II)
OD QC
From (I) and (II), we have
AP BQ
=
PD QC
AP BQ
 1 = +1 [Adding 1 on both sides]
PD QC
AP + PD BQ + QC
 =
PD QC
AD BC PD QC
 = or = (III)
PD QC AD BC
In DDOP and DDBA,
AB || PO [Given]
 DPO = DAB 
DOP = DBA  [Corresponding angles]
 DDOP ~ DDBA [By AA similarity criterion]
PO DP
 = (IV)
AB DA
Similarly, DCOQ ~ DCAB [By AA similarity criterion]

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

OQ QC
\ = (V)
AB BC
From (III), (IV) and (V), we have
PO OQ
=
AB AB
 PO = OQ
Hence, proved.
Q16. In the given figure, the line segment B
DF intersect the side AC of DABC at the
point E such that E is mid point of AC and
AFE = AEF. F
BD BF
Prove that: = .
CD CE C A
[Hint: Take point G on AB such that CG || DF.] E
Sol. In the given figure of DABC,
EA = AF = EC
EF and BC meets at D.
BD BF
To Prove: =
CD CE D
Construction: Draw CG || EF.
Proof: In DACG, CG || EF.
Q E is mid-point of AC
 F will be the mid point of AG.
 FG = FA
But, EC = EA = AF [Given]
 FG = FA = EA = EC (I)
In DBCG and BDF,
CG || EF [By construction]
BC BG
 = [By BPT]
CD GF
BC BG BC + CD BG + GF
 +1 = +1  =
CD GF CD GF
BD BF
 =
CD GF
But, FG = CE [From (I)]
BD BF
 =
CD CE
Hence, proved.
Q17. Prove that the area of the semi-circle drawn on the hypotenuse of
a right angled triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of semi-circles
drawn on the other two sides of the triangle.

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 Chapter 6 - Triangles NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. Given: In figure, DABC is right angled at

B. Three semi-circles taking as the sides BC, AB
and AC of triangle ABC as diameter C1, C2 and
C3 are drawn.
To Prove: Area of semicircles (C1 + C2) = Area of
semi-circle C3
Proof: In DABC,
B = 90°
 BC2 + AB2 = AC2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
 (2 r1)2 + (2r2)2 = (2r3)2
[From figure as BC, AB and AC are diameters]
 4(r 1 + r 2) = 4r23  r21 + r22 = r23
2 2

1 2 1 2 1
 r  r = r32
2 1 2 2 2
ar (semi-circle C1) + ar (semi-circle C2) = ar (semi-circle C3)
Hence, proved.
Q18. Prove that the area of the equilateral triangle drawn on the
hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of
the equilateral triangles drawn on the other two sides of the triangle.
Sol. Given: A right triangle ABC.
Let AB = a, BC = b, AC = c and B = 90°.
Equilateral triangles with sides AB = a, BC
= b and AC = c are drawn respectively.
To Prove: Area of equilateral triangle with
side hypotenuse (c) is equal to the area of
equilateral triangles with side a and b.
3 2 3 2 3 2
or  c a  b
4 4 4
Proof: In DABC,
ABC = 90° [Given]
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
 c2 = a2 + b2
3 2 3 2 3 2
 c = a  b [Multiplying by 3 to both sides]
4 4 4 4

 Area of equilateral   Area of equilateral   Area of equilateral
 D with side c   D with side a    D with side b 
Hence, the area of equilateral D with hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of areas of equilateral triangles on other two sides.
Hence, proved.

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