DATA LODICS AND DESIGN LAB MANUAL

LAB 1
Task 1: Simple Led Circuit
Objective:
To understand the basic principles of an electrical circuit by connecting a 6V
battery, a resistor, and an LED in series. The experiment demonstrates how
current flow and resistance impact the operation of an LED.
Components Required:
 1 x 6V Battery
 1 x 10-ohm Resistor
 1 x LED (Aqua)
 Connecting wires
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:

1. Connecting the Battery:

o Place the 6V battery in the circuit as the power source. Connect the
positive terminal of the battery to one end of the resistor.
2. Adding the Resistor:
o Connect the other end of the resistor to the anode (positive leg) of
the LED. The resistor is essential to limit the current passing through
the LED.
3. Connecting the LED:
o Connect the cathode (negative leg) of the LED back to the negative
terminal of the battery to complete the circuit.
4. Observation:
o When the circuit is completed, the LED will light up, indicating
current flow.

Task 2: LED Circuit with Potentiometer and

Ammeter
Objective:
To understand how a potentiometer can control the brightness of an LED by
varying the resistance, and how to measure current and voltage in a circuit using
an ammeter and voltmeter.

Materials Required:
 1 x 9V Battery
 1 x 1k ohm Potentiometer
 1 x LED (Aqua)
 1 x Ammeter
 1 x Voltmeter
 Connecting wires

Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:

1. Connecting the Battery:

o Connect the 9V battery as the power source for the circuit.

2. Adding the Potentiometer:

o Insert the potentiometer (RV1) into the circuit. The potentiometer
will allow you to adjust the resistance, controlling the current flow
and the brightness of the LED.

3. Connecting the Ammeter:

o Place the ammeter in series with the circuit to measure the current.
In this setup, the ammeter reads 0.01A (10mA), which is within the
safe operating range of the LED.

4. Connecting the LED:

o Connect the LED (D2) in series with the potentiometer. The LED will
light up when the circuit is completed.

5. Connecting the Voltmeter:

 o Attach the voltmeter across the LED to measure the voltage drop.
The reading of 2.22V shows the voltage needed to power the LED.

Task 3: LED Circuit with DIP Switch and Logic

Toggle
Objective:
To control the state of multiple LEDs using a combination of a logic toggle (digital
signal) and a 3-position DIP switch. This experiment demonstrates the
functionality of digital logic control in electrical circuits.
Materials Required:

 1 x Logic Toggle (1/0)

 1 x 3-Position DIP Switch
 1 x LED (Aqua)
 1 x LED (Blue)
 1 x LED (Green)
 Connecting wires

Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:

1. Setting the Logic Toggle:

o Start by setting the logic toggle to 1 (ON state). This simulates the
power supply to the circuit. When the toggle is set to 1, current can
flow through the circuit. When set to 0, no current will flow, and all
LEDs will remain off.

2. Configuring the DIP Switch:

o The 3-position DIP switch controls which LEDs receive current from
the logic toggle. Each switch corresponds to one LED (Aqua, Blue, and
Green).
o Toggle each switch to the ON position to allow current to pass to the
associated LED.

3. Connecting the LEDs:

o Connect each LED (Aqua, Blue, and Green) to the output terminals of
the DIP switch (pins 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Ensure that all LEDs are
grounded.

4. Testing the Circuit:

o Set the logic toggle to 1 to simulate the power on state.
o Toggle each switch of the DIP switch ON and OFF to observe how
each LED responds. The LEDs will light up when their corresponding
switch is ON, and the logic toggle is set to 1.
o Set the logic toggle to 0 to simulate the power off state. All LEDs
should turn off regardless of the DIP switch positions.
 LAB 2
Task 1: IC 7400 Circuit Simulation
Objective:
To simulate and analyze the behavior of the IC 7400 quad 2-input NAND gate in
Proteus ISIS, using labeled connections to link inputs and outputs between parent
and child sheets. The simulation includes power supply, ground connections, and
LEDs to monitor the outputs.
Components Required:

 1 x IC 7400 (quad 2-input NAND gate)

 4 x LEDs (D1, D2, D3, D4)
 8 x Logic Toggles (Input switches)
 1 x Power Pin (5V)
 1 x Ground (GND) Pin
 Input/Output Pins (in parent sheet and child sheet)
 Labeled connections between parent and child sheets

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1 Parent sheet

 Figure 2 Child sheet

Procedure:

1. Opening the Simulation:

o Launch Proteus ISIS and load the IC 7400 circuit, which includes both
a parent sheet and a child sheet.

2. Circuit Setup:
o Parent Sheet: Contains the input/output pins connected via labels to
the child sheet. The logic inputs are controlled by logic toggle, and
the outputs are displayed using LEDs.
o Child Sheet: Implements the NAND gates (U1, U2, U3, U4), each with
two inputs and one output. The input and output pins are linked to
the parent sheet via labels.

3. Label Usage:
 o Use labels to connect the input/output pins of the parent sheet to
the respective pins in the child sheet.
o The labels ensure that the signal routing from the parent sheet inputs
flows correctly to the child sheet's logic gates, and the outputs are
fed back to the LEDs on the parent sheet.

4. Input Manipulation:
o Use the input toggles in the parent sheet to set input combinations
for the NAND gates (in the child sheet).
o The outputs are displayed using LEDs in the parent sheet.

5. Expected Behavior:
o The output of a NAND gate is LOW (0) only when both inputs are
HIGH (1).
o For all other input combinations, the output will be HIGH (1), lighting
up the corresponding LED.
 LAB 3

Task 1: Daily Life Logic Circuits

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3 Parent sheet

 Figure 4 Child sheet

1. Automatic Door Lock System (Using AND Gate)

Description:
The door will automatically lock when both the door is closed and the lock switch
is activated. This circuit uses an AND gate, which outputs HIGH (locks the door)
only when both inputs are HIGH.
Components:

 Inputs:
o Toggle switch 1 for "Door Closed"
o Toggle switch 2 for "Lock Activated"
 AND Gate: U1
 Output: LED to represent the door lock status
2. Seatbelt Warning System (Using OR Gate)
Description:
The seatbelt warning light will turn on if either the seatbelt is unfastened or the
car door is open. This is achieved using an OR gate, which outputs HIGH if either
input is HIGH.
Components:

 Inputs:
o Toggle switch 1 for "Seatbelt Fastened"
o Toggle switch 2 for "Car Door Closed"
 OR Gate: U2
 Output: LED to represent the warning light

3. Water Level Indicator (Using NOR Gate)

Description:
The water pump turns on when both the low water level and overflow sensors are
OFF. This circuit uses a NOR gate, which outputs HIGH only when both inputs are
LOW.
Components:

 Inputs:
o Toggle switch 1 for "Low Water Level Sensor"
o Toggle switch 2 for "Overflow Sensor"
 NOR Gate: U3
 Output: LED to represent the pump status

4. Burglar Alarm System (Using NAND Gate)

Description:
The burglar alarm will trigger when the security system is armed, and both the
motion detector and window/door sensor are inactive. This circuit uses a NAND
gate, which outputs LOW only when both inputs are HIGH.
Components:

 Inputs:
o Toggle switch 1 for "Motion Detector"
o Toggle switch 2 for "Window/Door Sensor"
 NAND Gate: U4
 Output: LED to represent the alarm status

5. Fan Control System (Using XOR Gate)

Description:
A fan will turn on when either the temperature sensor or the manual override is
activated, but not both. This circuit uses an XOR gate, which outputs HIGH when
only one of the two inputs is HIGH.
Components:

 Inputs:
o Toggle switch 1 for "Temperature Sensor"
o Toggle switch 2 for "Manual Override"
 XOR Gate: U5
 Output: LED to represent the fan status

Procedure:
1. Opening the Simulation:
o Launch Proteus ISIS and create a new schematic for each circuit.
o For each circuit, add the necessary logic gate (AND, OR, NOR, NAND,
XOR) along with two toggle switches for inputs and one LED for the
output.

2. Circuit Setup:
o For each scenario, connect the input toggles to the corresponding
logic gate and link the output of the logic gate to an LED.
o Ensure that all components are powered using a VCC (5V) pin and
grounded using a GND pin.
3. Input Manipulation:
o Use the input toggles to apply different input combinations to each
logic gate and observe the behavior of the LED, which represents the
system's output.

4. Testing the Circuit:

o Test all possible input combinations for each circuit and verify the
output based on the truth table for the corresponding logic gate.
 LAB 4
Task 1: Controlling Servo Motors and LEDs with
Arduino UNO
Components Required:

1. Arduino UNO (ARD1) - Microcontroller to control the servos and LEDs.

2. Battery (BAT1) - Provides power to the circuit.
3. LEDs (D1, D2) - Represent the two LEDs, which are connected to digital
pins.
4. Servos (SERVO1, SERVO2, SERVO3, SERVO4) - Four servos connected to
pins 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the Arduino.
5. Resistors (for LEDs) - Recommended 220Ω resistors to limit current to the
LEDs.
6. Wires - For connections between Arduino, LEDs, servos, and battery.

Connections:

1. LED1 (D1) connected to Pin 8 of the Arduino, with the cathode going to
ground.
2. LED2 (D2) connected to Pin 9 of the Arduino, with the cathode going to
ground.
3. Servo1 (IMAN) connected to Pin 12.
4. Servo2 (NIDA) connected to Pin 11.
5. Servo3 (NOOR) connected to Pin 10.
6. Servo4 (ser) connected to Pin 13.
7. Battery provides power to the Arduino board through the Vin pin.

Steps to Build:

1. Place the Arduino UNO on the breadboard or protoboard.

2. Connect the servos to the specified pins (10, 11, 12, 13) and ensure that the
ground and power pins of each servo are connected to the 5V and GND on
the Arduino.
3. Connect LED1 (D1) to pin 8 with a current-limiting resistor (220Ω), and
connect its cathode to ground.
4. Connect LED2 (D2) to pin 9 with a 220Ω resistor, and its cathode to ground.
 5. Connect the battery to the power lines of the circuit to power the servos
and LEDs.
6. Upload the modified Arduino code to the Arduino UNO.
7. Observe the LED lights turning on and off during the servo movements.

This setup should allow you to control both the servos and the LEDs in your
project.

Circuit Diagram:
LAB 5 & 6