Earth Science

11
Earth Science – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 14: Solid Wastes
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Mariel C. Villamor
Editor: Ronald C. Dumapias
Reviewers: Name
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Earth Science
11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module14
Solid Wastes
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth Science 11 Self-Learning Module on Solid Wastes!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Earth Science Self-Learning Module on Solid Wastes!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

The module is about solid wastes.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe how people generate solid waste as they make use of various
materials and resources in everyday life;
2. identify the sources of solid wastes and their management; and
3. cite ways of reducing the production of waste at home, in school, and
around the community.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT an idea behind solid waste management?
a. Disposal b. Stop waste generation
c. Storage and collection d. Control of waste generation

2. What plan should we make for the disposal of solid waste?

a. Use of waste management plan
b. Integrated waste management plan
c. Reducing of waste management plan
d. Recycling of waste management plan
3. The term ‘Municipal Solid Waste’ is used to describe which kind of solid waste?
a. Hazardous
b. Non-hazardous
c. Nontoxic
d. Toxic

4. Why are plastics difficult to recycle?

a. Because it is very hard material
b. Because of different sizes of plastic
c. Because it is very adhesive in its nature
d. Because of different types of polymer resins

5. Which of the following can be recycled many times?

a. Aluminum b. Plastic
c. Organic materials d. Wood
 RECAP
Soil is an essential resource that must be managed appropriately to prevent
degradation of properties that control its vital functions. Tillage is an important
management practice used to create good soil-seed contact, control weeds, and
manage crop residues, but if used excessively, it can negatively affect soil physical,
chemical and biological properties and lead to a decline in soil quality and failure to
fulfill those functions.

Soils have important direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity,

water quality, and the global climate. Soils make it possible for plants to grow by
mediating the biological, chemical, and physical.

Soil quality is the capacity of each soil to function, within its natural or managed
ecosystems, to sustain productivity, enhance water and air quality, support human
and animal health, and habitation.

The way people use land can affect the levels of nutrients and pollution in soil.
Any activity that exposes soil to wind and rain can lead to soil loss. Farming,
construction and development, and mining are among the
main activities that impact soil resources. Over time, many farming practices lead to
the loss of soil.

LESSON

Solid waste - wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and
other trash

Kinds of Solid Wastes

Domestic Wastes - wastes generated by household activities

•means any no putrescible waste, consisting of combustible materials, such as

paper, cardboard, yard clippings, wood, or similar materials, generated in a dwelling,
including the real property upon which it is situated, containing four living units or
less.

Commercial Wastes - wastes that are generated by commercial establishments

•waste from premises that are used either wholly or predominantly for trade,
business, sport, recreation or entertainment including waste produced by a business
in the home.

example: usually consists of a mixture of heavy loads of timber, concrete, bricks, tile,
rubble, metal, plastics, plasterboard, cardboard, and paper.
Institutional Wastes - wastes generated by institutions

•produced from institutions such as schools, hospitals, or prisons. These

include waste not typically found in households but also hazardous wastes in some
circumstances. These wastes include liquid, sludge, solid, and hazardous waste, but
not domestic

The types of industrial waste generated include cafeteria garbage, dirt and gravel,
masonry and concrete, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents, chemicals, weed grass and
trees, wood and scrap lumber, and similar wastes.

Municipal Wastes - wastes generated due to municipal activities

•more commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday items we use and

then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing,
bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from
our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses.

Construction and Demolition Wastes - wastes generated from construction sites

•The construction sector produces high quantities of wastes, over80% being

solid waste which is dumped. Some of these wastes may have particular health,
safety and environmental concern, such as, asbestos materials with lead-based
paint coating and lighting waste.

Industrial Wastes

•discarded solid materials of industrial operations

•include dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metal, oil, solvents,
chemicals, scrap lumber, even vegetable matter from restaurants. Industrial
waste may be solid, liquid or gaseous.
What is Solid Waste Management?

•Refers to garbage or trash management

•A system for handling all of the world’s trash be it municipal waste collection,
recycling programs, dumps and incinerator.
Why do we have to manage our wastes?

•Foremost mounting problem to most countries

•Hazardous to human health
•Causes depletion for land (landfills)
•Can cause land pollution

Waste Management Laws in the Philippines

•Republic Act 7924

•Mandates MMDA to formulate and implement policies, standards, programs

and projects for proper and sanitary waste disposal management in the cities
and municipalities in Metro Manila.
•Local Government Code of 1991

•LGUs are responsible for collecting solid wastes in their perspective area
of jurisdiction.

•Republic Act 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000)

•Defines and sets parameters of Solid Waste Management

•Segregation at source
•Separate collection of waste materials
•Strict implementation of materials recovery system including recycling
•Prohibiting open burning
•Penalty is not less than 300 Php but not more than 1,000 Php or community
service of not more than 15 days.

How to Reduce Waste at Home?

•Get to know the rules of recycling
•Ditch the plastic bags
•Make a meal plan
•Start relying on the usable containers
•Start composting
•Learn to repair rather than discard
•Stop using disposable plates
•And at the very least, stop buying plastic water bottles, please.

How to Reduce Waste in School?

•No waste lunches •Make recycled paper
•Set up a compost •Use Reusable Item
•Use less paper •Don't toss it, donate it

How to Reduce Waste around the Community?

•Reduce the amount of waste created, especially toxic products and products that
cannot be recycled
•Separate wastes where they are made to make them easier and safer to handle

•Recycle materials and organize for government and industry to develop

community recycling programs.
•Collect, transport, and store wastes safely. Respect and pay fair wages to the
people who do this work.

•Safely dispose of all wastes that cannot be reused or recycled

•And at the very least, stop buying plastic water bottles, please.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

Answer the following questions briefly.

1. How can you help the local authorities in their action to minimize generation of
solid waste in your own community?

2. Why is there a need for dumpsites, such as the Payatas dumpsite?

Activity 2

Solid Waste

Across
1. wastes generated by household activities
4. wasted or spoiled food and other refuse
5. unwanted or unusable materials
Down
2. waste from premises that are used either wholly or predominantly for trade
3. discarded solid materials of industrial operations
Activity 3

Cryptogram
Each of the blanks has a number underneath it. Fill in the letters that
correspond to the numbers below the blanks to solve the phrase .

Solid Waste Management

WRAP-UP

Question: What possible hazards are associated with improper waste disposal? Are
there government regulations to control this?

Question: Can landfills cause pollution to the local environment?

VALUING

In the next 30 years, Metro Manila alone will generate approximately 230 million
cubic meters of solid waste– enough to fill the country’s largest shopping mall over
175 times (Asian Development

Republic Act (RA) 9003 provides for the establishment of the Provincial Solid
Management Board. Among the functions of the board is the development of a
provincial solid management plan. As an individual or group assignment, ask the
learners to interview or find out from the municipal officers the province’s or
municipality’s solid waste management plan and how it is being implemented.

Question: What is the most important reason for waste collection?

 POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which material has the greatest percentage of the weight of solid waste?
a. food waste b. plastic c. paper d. yard waste

2. This law Mandates MMDA to formulate and implement policies, standards,

programs and projects for proper and sanitary waste disposal management in the
cities and municipalities in Metro Manila.
a. Republic Act 7924 b. Republic Act 7934
c. Republic Act 8924 d. Republic Act 8934

3. Why burning waste is not an acceptable practice of solid waste management?

a. Because it is very costly
b. Because it requires lot of space
c. Because it requires modern technologies
d. Because it causes several environmental issues
4. What is the very least thing that you can do to reduce solid waste?
a. By reusing b. By means of recycling
c. By means of composting d. By stop buying plastic water bottles

5. What does the three R’s of recycling stand for?

a. Recycle Reduce Replace b. Recycle Reuse Reduce
c. Reduce Replace Rethink d. Replace Rethink Reuse
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. A 5. waste 5. landfill 5. B
4. D 4. garbage 4. composting 4. D
3. A 3. industrial 3. reusing 3. D
2. A 2. commercial 2. reducing 2. A
1. B 1. domestic 1. recycling 1. A
Pretest Activity 2 Activity 3 Posttest

References
Kearns, Landess. “9 Simple Ways To Reduce Waste In Your Home.” HuffPost.
HuffPost, April 4, 2019. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reduce-home-
waste_n_57912d0be4b0fc06ec5c4b56.

“Hesperian Health Guides.” A Community Solid Waste Program - Hesperian Health

Guides. Accessed July 15, 2020.
https://en.hesperian.org/hhg/A_Community_Guide_to_Environmental_Healt
h:A_Community_Solid_Waste_Program.

“Earth Science.” Google Drive. Google. Accessed July 15, 2020.

https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/14DiwRhFXD0wvdJjSiv9QNfVT0
n70v3Uc?fbclid=IwAR0bf4Nel3XWwASU3n6ltkkRvvA01Jnp0X_0KoxweLl8FpO
WhreTdVT4I3U.

Bacinschi, Zorica, Cristiana Zizi Rizescu, Stoian Elena Valentina, and Cezarina
Necula. “(PDF) Waste Management Practices Used in the Attempt to Protect the
Environment.” ResearchGate. unknown, July 22, 2010.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262323926_Waste_management_
practices_used_in_the_attempt_to_protect_the_environment.