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Lecture 5 6 and 7 - Forced Convection

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9 views46 pages

Lecture 5 6 and 7 - Forced Convection

Uploaded by

abdthakur22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 4

Forced Convection
Part A - Laminar Flow
1. Laminar Flow Over A Flat Plate

Lecture 5
Boundary Layer Definitions and Characteristics

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Boundary Layer Thickness (δ)

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Displacement Thickness (δ∗ )

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(Contd.)

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Momentum Thickness (θ)

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(Contd.)

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Energy Thickness (δe)

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(Contd.)

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Momentum Equation for Hydrodynamic Boundary
Layer Over a flat plate.

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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Blasius Exact Solution for Laminar Boundary Layer Flows

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

Lecture 6
(Contd. Blasius Exact Solution for
Laminar Boundary Layer Flows)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

u/U

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(Contd.)

Lecture 7
(Contd. Blasius Exact Solution for
Laminar Boundary Layer Flows)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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Von Karman Integral Momentum Equation
(Approximate Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Analysis)

• Since it is difficult to obtain the exact solution of


hydrodynamic boundary layer equation given below, even for
simple geometry as flat plate (moreover the proper similarity
variable is not known or does not exist, for many practical
shapes).

• Therefore, a substitute procedure entailing adequate accuracy


has been developed which is known as “Approximate Integral
Method” and this is based upon a boundary-layer momentum
equation derived by Von-Karman.

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(Contd.)

• Von Karman suggested a method based on momentum


equation by the use of which the growth of a boundary layer
along a flat plate, the wall shear stress and drag force could be
determined (when the velocity distribution in the boundary
layer is known).

• Starting from the beginning of the plate, the method can be


used for both laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

• Figure in the next slid shows a fluid flowing over a thin plate
(Placed at zero incidence) with a free-stream velocity equal to
U.

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(Contd.)
• Consider a small length dx of the plate at a distance x from the
leading edge as shown in fig. 7.5(a) below; the enlarged view of
the small length of the plate is shown in Fig. 7.5(b).

• Consider unit width of the plate perpendicular to the direction of


flow.

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

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(Contd.)

• End of the Lecture.

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