Android Developer Fundamentals V2

Activities and
Intents

Lesson 5

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Activities and
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2.1 Activities and Intents

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Contents
● Activities
● Defining an Activity
● Starting a new Activity with an Intent
● Passing data between activities with extras
● Navigating between activities

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 Activities
(high-level view)

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What is an Activity?
● An Activity is an application component
● Represents one window, one hierarchy of views
● Typically fills the screen, but can be embedded in other
Activity or a appear as floating window
● Java class, typically one Activity in one file

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What does an Activity do?
● Represents an activity, such as ordering groceries,
sending email, or getting directions
● Handles user interactions, such as button clicks, text
entry, or login verification
● Can start other activities in the same or other apps
● Has a life cycle—is created, started, runs, is paused,
resumed, stopped, and destroyed
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Examples of activities

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Apps and activities
● Activities are loosely tied together to make up an app
● First Activity user sees is typically called "main activity"
● Activities can be organized in parent-child relationships in
the Android manifest to aid navigation

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Layouts and Activities
● An Activity typically has a UI layout
● Layout is usually defined in one or more XML files
● Activity "inflates" layout as part of being created

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Implementing
Activities

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Implement new activities
1. Define layout in XML
2. Define Activity Java class
○ extends AppCompatActivity

3. Connect Activity with Layout

○ Set content view in onCreate()

4. Declare Activity in the Android manifest

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1. Define layout in XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Let's Shop for Food!" />
</RelativeLayout>
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2. Define Activity Java class

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
}

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3. Connect activity with layout

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
Resource is layout in this XML file
}

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4. Declare activity in Android manifest

<activity android:name=".MainActivity">

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4. Declare main activity in manifest
MainActivity needs to include intent-filter to start
from launcher
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
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Intents

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What is an intent?
An Intent is a description of an operation to be performed.
An Intent is an object used to request an action from
another app component via the Android system.

Originator App component

Intent Action
Android
System
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What can intents do?
● Start an Activity
○ A button click starts a new Activity for text entry
○ Clicking Share opens an app that allows you to post a photo

● Start an Service
○ Initiate downloading a file in the background

● Deliver Broadcast
○ The system informs everybody that the phone is now charging
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Explicit and implicit intents
Explicit Intent
● Starts a specific Activity
○ Request tea with milk delivered by Nikita
○ Main activity starts the ViewShoppingCart Activity
Implicit Intent
● Asks system to find an Activity that can handle this request
○ Find an open store that sells green tea
○ Clicking Share opens a chooser with a list of apps
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Starting
Activities

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Start an Activity with an explicit intent
To start a specific Activity, use an explicit Intent
1. Create an Intent
○ Intent intent = new Intent(this, ActivityName.class);

2. Use the Intent to start the Activity

○ startActivity(intent);

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Start an Activity with implicit intent
To ask Android to find an Activity to handle your request,
use an implicit Intent
1. Create an Intent
○ Intent intent = new Intent(action, uri);

2. Use the Intent to start the Activity

○ startActivity(intent);

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Implicit Intents - Examples
Show a web page
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);
startActivity(it);
Dial a phone number
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:8005551234");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
startActivity(it);
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How Activities Run
● All Activity instances are managed by the Android runtime
● Started by an "Intent", a message to the Android runtime to
run an activity
User clicks MainActivity FoodListActivity OrderActivity
launcher icon What do you want to do? Choose food items...Next Place order

Intent: Start app Start main Intent: Shop Start choose Intent: order Start finish
Android activity Android food activity Android order activity
System System System

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 Sending and
Receiving Data

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Two types of sending data with intents
● Data—one piece of information whose data location can
be represented by an URI

● Extras—one or more pieces of information as a collection

of key-value pairs in a Bundle

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Sending and retrieving data
In the first (sending) Activity:
1. Create the Intent object
2. Put data or extras into that Intent
3. Start the new Activity with startActivity()

In the second (receiving) Activity:

1. Get the Intent object, the Activity was started with
2. Retrieve the data or extras from the Intent object
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Putting a URI as intent data
// A web page URL
intent.setData(
Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"));

// a Sample file URI

intent.setData(
Uri.fromFile(new
File("/sdcard/sample.jpg")));
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Put information into intent extras
● putExtra(String name, int value)
⇒ intent.putExtra("level", 406);
● putExtra(String name, String[] value)
⇒ String[] foodList = {"Rice", "Beans", "Fruit"};
intent.putExtra("food", foodList);
● putExtras(bundle);
⇒ if lots of data, first create a bundle and pass the bundle.
● See documentation for all
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Sending data to an activity with extras
public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE_KEY =
"com.example.android.twoactivities.extra.MESSAGE";

Intent intent = new Intent(this,

SecondActivity.class);
String message = "Hello Activity!";
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE_KEY, message);
startActivity(intent);

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Get data from intents
● getData();
⇒ Uri locationUri = intent.getData();
● int getIntExtra (String name, int defaultValue)
⇒ int level = intent.getIntExtra("level", 0);
● Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
⇒ Get all the data at once as a bundle.
● See documentation for all
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Returning data to the starting activity
1. Use startActivityForResult() to start the second Activity
2. To return data from the second Activity:
● Create a new Intent
● Put the response data in the Intent using putExtra()
● Set the result to Activity.RESULT_OK
or RESULT_CANCELED, if the user cancelled out
● call finish() to close the Activity
1. Implement onActivityResult() in first Activity
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startActivityForResult()
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
● Starts Activity (intent), assigns it identifier (requestCode)
● Returns data via Intent extras
● When done, pop stack, return to previous Activity, and
execute onActivityResult() callback to process returned
data
● Use requestCode to identify which Activity has "returned"
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1. startActivityForResult() Example

public static final int CHOOSE_FOOD_REQUEST = 1;

Intent intent = new Intent(this, ChooseFoodItemsActivity.class);

startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_FOOD_REQUEST);

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2. Return data and finish second activity
// Create an intent
Intent replyIntent = new Intent();

// Put the data to return into the extra

replyIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REPLY, reply);

// Set the activity's result to RESULT_OK

setResult(RESULT_OK, replyIntent);

// Finish the current activity

finish();
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3. Implement onActivityResult()
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode,
int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == TEXT_REQUEST) { // Identify activity
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) { // Activity succeeded
String reply =
data.getStringExtra(SecondActivity.EXTRA_REPLY);
// … do something with the data
}}}
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Navigation

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Activity stack
● When a new Activity is started, the previous Activity
is stopped and pushed on the Activity back stack
● Last-in-first-out-stack—when the current Activity ends,
or the user presses the Back button, it is popped from the
stack and the previous Activity resumes

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 Activity Stack
After viewing shopping
cart, user decides to add
more items, then places
order.

OrderActivity
Place order
CartActivity CartActivity
View shopping cart View shopping cart
FoodListActivity FoodListActivity FoodListActivity
Choose food items Choose food items Choose food items
MainActivity MainActivity MainActivity MainActivity
What do you want to do? What do you want to do? What do you want to do? What do you want to do?

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Two forms of navigation
Temporal or back navigation
● provided by the device's Back button
● controlled by the Android system's back stack

Ancestral or up navigation
● provided by the Up button in app's action bar
● controlled by defining parent-child relationships between
activities in the Android manifest
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Back navigation
● Back stack preserves history of recently viewed screens
● Back stack contains all the Activity instances that have been
launched by the user in reverse order for the current task
● Each task has its own back stack
● Switching between tasks activates that task's back stack

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Up navigation
● Goes to parent of current Activity
● Define an Activity parent in Android manifest
● Set parentActivityName
<activity
android:name=".ShowDinnerActivity"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity" >
</activity>

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Learn more

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Learn more
● Android Application Fundamentals
● Starting Another Activity
● Activity (API Guide)
● Activity (API Reference)
● Intents and Intent Filters (API Guide)
● Intent (API Reference)
● Navigation

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What's Next?

● Concept Chapter: 2.1 Activities and Intents

● Practical: 2.1 Activities and intents

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END

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