CAT LO! PROGRAMME TITLE: POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA COMPUTER APPLE Nd) COURSE coves mcs-012 “OURSE TITLES COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ASSEMBLY ASSIGNMENT CODES PGDCA (I) /012 /ASSTGNMENT (202.0 STUDY CENTRESIZIS KARNATAKA REGTONALENGG. CoLL-(iZISP) ENROLMENT No, + 2000469492. NAME : ROHIT KUMAR ADDRESS MERU AADHT A PARTS, FLATH 204, SILVER SPRING LANOUT, BANGauee SIGNATURE 2 Rohit Kusron , DATE ¢ 02/0s/2020 Scanned with CamScannerQt ©) Tnstruchian Diagrom os iF |pe 0 20 «| Pe 4 ap — 1F [LOAD a _ tr tFlLoanc Load C | IR 2°] aod & 2| ADD & —— 21 |store A STORE A : LF MAR FD [oooh A [ee (oooh |A aaa Fe [(FF38)5 18 ~ SR ee l(Freah |e cee bee FR |G@A2F)h Je (STAGE -1) FE) (2A2F)b |C CSTAGE-2), ° 21 [pe 8 22 Pe 1 7 1 : t tr [LOAD Cc | aApoe fe if [LOAD Cc STORE A ire 2o/ADD B 20{/ABD B 241 |STORE A , 2) /STORE A ' 20 |mae ef 21 MAR ' ' FRR [2Séayn] ro [roouyR fa (FPSO |eape ep [GaseaIR |, C296AIn] MER FE [(FF3BIh |@ | 7 csTage-3) FE [CFFSB)h ig stage 4) FF l(2a2F)n le FE[(AZAH le Process and Execution . . hair yesbecHve Lsteb § 2 The instruction aint tha dato i@ stored in ckives location. Progrom counter CPC) hag tha qeldrey of fort instruction. to be executed (PCHLF) 2) srep2> The content of Pe has bean pased to Money. Adarey, Ragister MARI > Content of locsdéen pomtsd by MAR Hoy bean powed to MRR ragien: Cantent of MER W further bowed to TR te exer ihe, nstraction» AMAR ELE) Scanned with CamScanner> Pc point to the next instruction (PC 20) S)StepBz MAR gets tha volus from PC and subsequently MBR gota Populated by the volte pomted, by MAR. Than TP executed ond instruction . 7 Pe © 24 1 4) Steb4s In similar wag TR executes the lost tastruciten and Storing the addition yatue to A | SPC & pointedl to naxt instruction at22. Airthamadic using signed 28 complement > Hox Number Carry Out Signed 2'2 complement TS Nomber Cary out Sar =e FF3B8 new OOll 1ol) 2A DF oo10 L010 0010 L113 ipo LO ¢ oo1o 190 u Resutt* L 5 sthan os tha voLADA wa Ta cony ot bit wsdl) Not be, OveNrUare D2 bib field. Qb) dy Decimal C34 1245451210 —F LL OO LoLL ONO OLOF 1110 1100 9111 0000 Binary Hexadecimal ? CBSSECtO WD) Hexadecimal! acto! FEDCBAS > 144 334565) WW) sreing hee “Ln Fle nome), means blank-” >|obelx201 2Ge1 X 69 \X6C 12 65 [429] [age] 461] Lod] LOS]X20] xas] Aro] xX esixe1y It Gal RAS LAZO [20-421 KOC] X OI Cel xGh] 129. WW) octat . Dedmal CF #66432)6 > 2092314 Scanned with CamScannerQe) F =(CA’+ By? + CW +B’)! = (A+B) + A+B) = (re) * CA+8) = (A+B) + (A+B) = UR +BIA +A = AK >| + AB +BB " >| BA -B +A-B +0 “OS >I + =R + B+B) + Rk Qld) FLAB-C-D) = S b0,2-6.8,10, 14) cp AR ok on fo do] 4 oO Ha: CK-Mop) rey opr) C> AxAel) Scanned with CamScannerI ot wiumon LO iH @cd (CA@cHO +A BCDIFCABCD + aABcB)- =Acd CAB) +€A cH COtE) ZR CD + ACE = cB CAA) = eos oo) fetiti B= 29 CA-B) =OoLL wy asst | oer TO Ave . Aozh 4 ¥ Moca Carry Out Full m7 Yq] [adeler Sein] adder cot Fust tm] odder fc Sozs Scanned with CamScanner|ee The basic puspore of a muttiblaxer Us t© comb one or more Signals cwel transmitting ona a single channel. >A 2x1 mMubiblaxer consets of two inputs, ona select npa and ene outpet. > Tha block Hagom uw os below. J coi Bee output) — Select(s) > The truth table dabermy on tha sclector switching Select] Inputs [O/p ©: Tofo fo |O |o|{! 1 afi fofa 1 fifi ft Do | STP select Une is tow, tha output eoill be Switchad to imped Else ip the select tine & high output wll be switched to Di info. cobove example, tha beDleon exprewioh of outbat > Bosed onthe will be ¥ = DeS + DiS =D 7 : SK Y= Doe + PS J > S (select i/p> QQ) Dota Value dtSourca = Litt Dota recaived ot Soure = LOLL As por Hownmings correction Coda, tre number of error Correction bite Should be a -1> Nei As pas tho Urput data te of 4 bib: ind > 2t-1y444 DS 1S>g “Scanned with CamScannerThus ; 1043 consider 4 odd parity bie os ewrer Garrectts Pee Source daca, data odd ‘portly Ba [Bs | Ba [Bi [Pr(bi-bs -ba[P lr babi] Palbs rove] (bibs, bal ryip fa 3 9 Oo for] Destination dota data odd parity ba | ba] ba] By [Pilbi-bs, ba) [Oalbs, ba bv [Da(bs,o4, bs) |Da(bs, ba 4) fo Ji fa 1 1 1 O° Rua, Py- Dy -P2- Da ,Pa-Ps ctifteng, So t+ & Cloor thod bs bit recoived usith exror, So, the error cain be fixed by complementry ba bib from *o! to’ Qh) The S-R flip flop, ene of tha most bosic sequantial logic crrewit & bovis an one bit memory bestoble device that hos foo Mpads. Tha Mpub'S’ sets tha davica whereay tho imped “RI reacts the some. 7 Tre cross coupled. gater are associated esith nother inbut C Clock pula), SMa logic dogrom for SR Hib-Hob in os below. Rg PIP tmere ie no clock Signal Ge C=0 + tnan there no Unpack of RoondS yotue ontha Output: > hen clock Sagnal changer from O tol and S=1,R=0.4ne outbat ots 12 set (Q=0,a21) STF R21,S=0 Od Clock Signa} chonger from 0 to). Output voles ger vraser (Q20, Scanned with CamScanner? TL both Rand S becomes 1 during clock Pulse » than a tha ouput %& Undefined. > Characteristic toble ond exatetien table bared an above Condi tien» Cc |S TR Jaceniy [ew Ren, SR 2 | 9] 9 Nochange} ofofolx L | O[L [o-Resak Oo TL Ti 16 Jt 1 fo Ji-set 1 [o]fo fi 1 [1a proms ft fe] @-G) Asynchronous Counter *— The wales resesrad ag cpble counter, og tha Change , which OCLUB Ln Qwclty to increment tha counter ripples +hrovan tt from ena end to the ofr. Tha £Ub Cop, change stobe ot differant timer due te absana OF internal clock, which Comey tha daloy Known as bro pogqotion saloy. > Sychronows Coun terse — TAA B algo Known os paratlel equntera: all the Hib tops tw) tha cquunter change, atote at tha somt timMe-The counterg are aaven by a Single tommen ack pulse of on ternal Mock. As & rogult,al the ttib flop are criven simul Koneousty . > Difference, 2- Tha mejor difference batwetn there two t& the terres The SYN chronsuy Counter Lé MUCh fester os Mere ix no Probagsicen alo: Secon y daseto prasena of on internal lock Sasegning, ome La plamenting a synchronoyy counter more. oe compared to on aaynchrensud Counter, QQ) Below are following ciifferenca. betwoar Fixed point and Footing. pomt numbers t- FIXED PoinT DA reprentation of veal cata tybe for Q number that hes a fixed number of digits after therad3x point FLOATING PoINT So .o4 to Se bhort a trade off between venga and precision Scanned with CamScannerf) Used to represent 4 Samited i) Used to rebresent a wide rohge of Tonge Of Vases Voltas . . ) Higher Perfomance WY) Lower performance WW) More exible Wy) Less flexible > TEEE 454 rapresentodion for card For 40, Sign bit BO ond 0 sign ber lade For zero -tha exponent and the Sugn ficond Uo Os Tus 9 in sig! i a8 follow + +O +0 o9000000 0990999 99999090999 90090000 -OF 1 —_:0000000 99909909999999H5909090000 ingle Precision number > (-B2°25)10 Um TEEE #54 Single peesi on: s Binary of 82:25 = 10000010} EL-O0000O1 K2 giqn EL , Biased exponent = 12% +S = 132 = 49000100 Signi ficond = 000000) The final number in TEEE #54 ig (-32-2S)19 = 110000160 9000001 009000009 90990000 > (O-O00125h0 Wm TEBE 78+ LO-000125)15 =0-00000099000019990011 = 1-0090001) x93 sign = O Exponent = Signi fi cond = 0000011 (0-00012S)10 =O O11 0010 9909011 00000000 00900000 1oF 13.2114 =0111 0010 Quastien 2 (@) Main marmorg word size = 32 bila (4 bytey Mam —mamor) SIZ@ =16MB 22°F Bytes = 24 22 goed = 2 cooray 2 Cacha momory size = 16 blocky cache meunory block Site = Gq bite D> L block of coche = 2 words of RAM Block offset = loys Casords per block) = log, @9 21 Scanned with CamScanner| GW) Direct Cache Mopbing wo Size of mom mamory addvep =22 (2 words) Number of words in cacha mamorg = 16K? eae Sm 222,25 > Tag =22-S - block offset = 16 bits D> 5 bite for tndax Memory addrer for CAFFOARIn le OL O LLA LLL QOOOLOIOL OL rae TO Brock offset Tag Block acivey Cache adarey t- Tag > (SFCUn Tndex > (1S)h Gi) Assouedtive Cache Mapping § >The block Can be onywhare On che cache, > The block addres ts aheckad directly C9 OU Location of aad cacha mamory WD) Two wog set Associative Cache mabbing § Number of block ty aseh = 2 Number of Seta . 16/2 =2 nz 22,Tog bir ELF bat. Prdex £4 bMS Thus, o8 pes tha, memory mappings Cache aclleey for (14 FOAB In ik OLOL LILLE L10G 0010 1LHIOL1 NS Tey Tndax Tog 2 COBFESy Tndox 2 LSIh Scanned with CamScanner