5 The Link Layer and Local Area Networks 19841 Somme ne May Mart 9688, Summer, at? nett Sommers Mats? ves one Dee net Maps, Sumer shs4s697, Mo, ates, Summer ota? Mo, 3 Doe 1 det Map, summers, 48 a7IER introduction and Link Layer Services + To serie he ton ner, dt nk yee the sek roi 1 by the Le re yal lier + Sone part ein of dts ek per incae wll enad sen ntere fo he evork Ine, ming fw con enor decom an ee co, woe fomating an sequencing Al thas se ery inpoan ncn ot ‘acm ad ly lem Sgn dt ink er [ERE seevices Proviad tothe Network Layer 1+ The pinay rrponaiy of data Ik layer provide servis tenet Ine he pe mie serge etek eo The ovo dala nk her communis ith cach oe by dla Sink cone 1) Umetnoniagedcomectness save 1s th ae ages ts uackowleged for of nein. He te source ‘Dachn sede dia th etnaon mache bot ey clean Fortin no encore he ats at ‘te acerca aa ot nen covered By he pe 2) Aetnonfaded connactnias sree ig enowedged cooecionan neice each dla fae singed by he tes me Wy en foe ow edt 2) Acted connector sence * Adcowidged cnmcion sericy abla + commen pie oda ‘Gemini ich fie muerte tesa sd creping scnowndpenat iss rca. Te tars i cred oat nc Pe EEL Faning Fring th date tke ayer spars & meager ne sn Semin oo her memes wt deine By ng TREO SUGAR tt tr ee “Phys ner cape hee ba and rf he etn Te tenant Gar Lara 0 eed ny te eel et ‘tt ean 1+ Atte destino he chu eat 4+ The bling of tis enum by naring spas o ine gape ald fing ‘Se Heel siky fo out ang td mk ert anon so fame aed aang ‘oe can bo fave ot In a ring, ha no nad fr ‘ning he our fh ey he lca be ed 4 Slee 1 ATM she amp of fed in ming ERED Voie 5 Foing 1 avr ae faping nd of he me and the epg of he ne fame 1 Deo ha [slrmaton ae also rule of 8 ti Talerconane err decon of eat ‘octane a i mali oie a 81 Fame Bas ll pot 1+ To parton fe ute net SME ag add the begining 2d (een of aru The fag ora of pots deen sei rcs ‘nal sat red of ne EBM RBLEATOU oat ae+ ler centering was sic for tet dat emi The Ag (Gul ssid oe any cui a nd fr coma. 1 When wend ter pero noon mach gap uae eo ‘ag coud alt prt fe ration Soca pte se. Wen ‘evr ecu he tenn ha mh det tik ae ace he cotter 1 Toss ths pre bye ing ws tel Byte stating 2 mle aed the data ein of he ee, Wen ee act ‘it sare ptr a ap. The dt sco ne wih ayaa ye Tie Ste nly caled the Escape Chater (SO) wh har» pred it Fig 522 shows yi eig. ae Tal i Hl S12 ope tog + Whenever th ie enc he ESC hrc, eon a ab ssn ds eat hrc a tn a dling a 1 ake weap dc pt fhe tet an ene a tw att second ne spat of tt EREDY rt Pret “+ faethe dt scion x ae i sec fit ob pnd ‘byte upper layer a ta ppc, si a ea. Mos pote pal hen tg 0 ets gg ol ed te ling & pce sald it he outing chr seam. The focal powrinmgo 160-40 TQN TAT HOH EET YO eate i. 1 8 sng 1+ Each re ep an cde wth spac ptr, OD le ag ‘Wh ive cnmctve Tae enn in the tata se 2 ins otgang seu ERED ror conrot 1+ Toma he prope oun ale avery fas the denice, a \ehoovlegemen atoll be set By the Jotaton etwas The meer me {ek pce mes Berg ote ce gre ceeds oat Sebring tome + ie se se pate smog es fe aad + Essen ogni at er oting i wg 1 Atanas sanders and caer an ode Ak guns nantes othe Cugoing nes sre panbined 20 tit ie cer ct puch ‘eta og Tse et npr ut ek EXE Few conti “+ When the sender wig oft chief iy ole mace an ‘nvr son tow or hat laid machin, Than te tanita wl ent ‘Es ana ne ecto apt he ‘Honan RateaT Aw baa he Rm ALCON? saw a me1+ er the train 6 are at tan pa the rer wl iy ot ‘Seabee hele hes ay re snd lt fo ee oe + To pret hi, fle contol manne coprind wh icas otck ‘edwen ojang was tanta cos age +The most cooman banat thigh Ae Rpt ee + ror cn Dots Link Layer (DL) ad an Automate Rapa Ragu (G0) ie ememinion of dan ee cae 1" Camage mer 2 ent fer Ln nove (GRIER ee snasznsarenn act afin, jt ang mlb rtd? Seton The up 11101200 Tne sw ain cir ed ri yo wake or som 2 Wh fang? pl el lag ef [orc Are i AT 4 tng x [once ee a ps rte Sct = 7 Mineo NTN 1 a ef he pth a a i pa of ge? (i fr nor rte rng a Pr eee] EB Error correction and Detection Techniques + ts tanminon fom one deri ate dave wih cmp acy Publ agh nto An sedate read nunc ed he ‘Seen rel Erste ig he a neni en Pot Mote op Her cate hve the ror Bt rate 10", wih be an wept ESR PBUEADO at + 1 ae aly dt see pst of 4 mange wil be changed in Hanis any aso ote, crenagnt wrens cans he gv a a [nop we ce pty ck cy the Ire el nd payor ‘igo tr deter ate oO Ramon for emo 1 the power suppty se apm is realy at heed vgs ‘compere nyt ope tly 2 Spm may be opting a ooh oper 5) Ca om cet sal an corp he seat Beno ras, nin dacs he a al oe we 5) Vaage lee not proper ter rth th syto ip ough he wie (6 irs cece i made stn by he les of prcily, pecay wih cempute mei ‘oem proper sequent ata delvey of me the det, scisowidgeant shou be set By the Sion rte The ee els ‘heh speci onl fats bring pote or mpage seu Be erg me +1 sender ces «pie sng ese re has aed sab. + Emp ogni at hing gn wg ‘ir tener and cers en erased. Alo sagan uber the uty mes are manned x0 hat the scar an deus sem rian Tse he et npr pat her dee EERE yee ot rors + Tho gral yp of era can ai 1) Sng it or 2) Bat 1 Sole Beer Teas that ony 1 ofa pon dt it changed fm 3 9 oO ‘Sige evr and er condones on Et dt tat 1+ Asin en can che pees fw a, whe # Sigh doe artnet nga rea sacar to ne te cert esi af» ge De Sg rahe ly eo es ESR RUE net ie2) burt enor htm bt ee mean Ba 2 or or i in dat tae caged ‘ib cued inp ma Not a he lif bate ee rer a phe du RE eve benis “Spectog ai pt ea aage aed + pies rSTeTerel Shotiuetftemmieainn Sa te be ya nd al 9 rosa {ester er wot tpt chk te mc 2 {S°Caoe et gain ASE Gur oe chee ‘upp ng of sre sn en psy chk appended Sein down np 22) No at mer of 16 an edad sng vay een I a do tog © Swamied and spleen tani then ‘eters siege 00 (ar) ort0 a] the rouing mar oT {Mon cin emer ated he nr a eer oe {Svat br nee hw many es ceed agi re a ‘roman bc fo mae i er mle at for gs f any Hg se pty cc ‘abide een ang To ee at ded ng nse he tere ve ta fer not be ‘Sonu my oder i oe oe ce an mye aber pene + 1s rotenone endngy i atte anot of Inet etd oe show th ee ia ae ‘Spe py ek cof gh 9, eaten is nore ‘epi eh cn 1/01) ebay ena + Sed tri at ey dn hi wi a ot se ‘ron Re wc of er detonate Poy Siegen are dant one FEB tess + edu fom of ere dtc who ih data et ma ‘ime ie tae A he ee sie tor are cpr nd fy te cone ta 6:5 retreats ee a, ae hat een ey eo, Rdany ‘hare edandaney ad mene manda When the da nt singh cance, cl cher reddy, thomas he ate i eee sg, ti el msg eddy + Acct type of reandany wed wah hart mags fo tani he same mp seen ines At the eer ae sa gen mame fhe mesg re ‘heme aur ob sl bac BER ben vor Corctn +The aiiy 1 detect when tmeinon hs tee chmged is cle exer Seton. Whe vos deed ay stay bf how «send 4+ Te ero dette Lig cly to we Hay ee Ha oc A sgl bi crore ene a ut ee 1+ tera comin, se eo Know the exact mabe fi ht ecm 1nd that oo i e atage EERE Fevers tre Coren es Rann ‘+ te Farr Enot Conecton (FQ, the waste is cnn the acl data long wah dheking is whi lw th he decom and cometon of my px hares + FBC prfonad on spt wih lage tanieion delay Tee #0 ‘eget fr enestng th meses eg eas fot A Tas pe of iietrecr esting see is cote come by this thd Whenever ihe eel of aang an cone ene PC + Common by reananiion 4 tigen which has et te secures ofa er and ah de send to ge BEBE coang + dundangy achive tough vr cong schemes Coding She oe ‘vide no eo ae tok coding) Conwentnal cing ROR ALE Aro Tron RaLeATOW Ae oe meecomtente ee 4822 shows the gee ile of costing Iolo athe, we ae ony the ips 8 femmes OWN Rrcumple tbe madae {Fite seen ge etree Tino ary whe you amber to deena cine, FEB ick cosa 1 ta Sack coding, mage ive it Meck: Bach ck sn i Kbit nt ‘le dato. Rea is) ado ech lak make hgh eK sr Thong st Basse ald odeweds Pg 523 stow te words in nec CED CY oe GE] a yon WF, cambiation ‘cation a pone 623 bate sn oder ‘he Moc coding prose ienetouns etme ator is avap nol ha ame coer EER cre omcion 1 Fang pe ae ed fr deci re te ck cating "BOG SLED tte 1) The scar a tf va codon 2) The xg codeword hw chung ana ne 1g S24 hows he ai of ck ling ln er dtr “+ Te sender rated otf ato yg 4 greta ape (he rls an proce ofecoig Hah coder send tthe meer ay ange dome tari, + IF be rsd coord ih sa one of val eoowndy, the word scopi the comapanding dune ie citadel for we He rev oder is ot ab is dca +10 be cadet corapi ding Wain bat Se ee wend Blok cating an det ony sige ere. Teo OF moe ees iy main dee FEED ere corcton + Fig. 525 stows te exor ometon proces Hor caecton pl or ‘eu han re dtc,1+ inet scion the rr nade to the xg deed en Mie une ct enant s e eelor roe hn fr or Sn, RB ang nce Homing Hs ar ere into the menage a the random ons Haig Caden ror concn coe Ib mat comple fom he an pat ‘Seid peng eo bis. Lt wr conde nme which eto ‘Sm and cc The tl leg of mage ton = 91 AR ta cring dt ance fen ered a bt ade {Fae 1001 ae adword, hn th creping i erin thew fr coders 9 tin The number Wt prtnw Which 9 ‘cio le ie ced tw hamming ttn, te ceo a mag ace apart il ogee cme ee ‘ear ermine placements aryl of te harming Hn Be inp ang hedoae, bet een te pci fe tegen fhe ‘eg stare The manber of inthe mga Sed df lem nn of ning Bs be ted The ation at (Genunb of haneang He Ba Mato = 62 hee Me Naber of na manage + At aning tence of ming i he acta placement of thei ito Se mange permed Hamming code wort st fins» Spon at ne tx eh sy mam mgm mp Hm pay eck a td ean pone connie sce Ie en pty (can ere re 1 poe cobs of pry suns sar “oa 2 bie ae ar ws catnip tegen i uly ht pis oer to Be ame Tour py ae Py ay Ut coir allowing a E-e-e-E-a-e The pay ae nse nt the menage Poon of he panty Be ‘ald west inry me yobs by ae Nat te pay ck for sce 5:18 en Ae te feist.2nere 10 The pty senda it poston 1 for even py for bt pss 1 335 7,910 in ea pnton cote een mae feo 2 Te pty iP 6 nee at pontn 2. een pty er tps 238710 5) The pay it Py 6 eed at Me pon fr een pasty of the penton 65.6712 1 Te pay bit mrt postin 8 fr een pity ofthe it poston 1 er mering the party Benen oF od pty cn be a ach psy ‘Scie by edt its heck Whence pa nent me [Bef ea fe puny checks The eben faa sce he {eine wheter thre ar mo ener oie wh Poon sn enor rare. ‘One rver Kawa wre he rece change a lin at Minimum hang Satan a) 1 The minima honing ace the slot hamming dstrce ewe ll pon pe tf wore + Tota he ve of dere dhe hain dno betwen a wed td sc sll sn (REIDY Fi ni hn tna of hedge ge els Staton Hanning dane of en ded 00 on) » 2 0, = 2. a0, 10) =2 ‘aon, 10) = 2 ont, 10)=2 aa, 10) =2 The dn = 2 hat te hing ds or ath of the lig ended Setaton 4 0000, 09) = 1. AD, 1) = 2 etn, i) 0 ae, 2) +0 "Eom RENO. ae Taecn Rana ae aa rond $14 retention (SERRE ng eae Tat, what etd Foe fe Sling eer evan occ iusaseu careieaeaties pastes etnies ‘sca ca ein do (CERIN sn en in ot ty fk fe ing i stem oa: sr ee Sire Tate en ec mpacertes orhor ares ‘it ae codeword in color and separate for emphasis. ney EBB] rer tock costing + teats tok code the eve ORION fy to vad cdo ce mer a codeword. Amit ck ees ted tay ban Yo 2 et (Set rear lak cde TONGA AALAND soe maa ‘ee rumber fin tabs nv codewor ae 22d 2G. 1,10, So he mina hamming tar py = 2 + at erie th dated and we “+ he aboww tit ube of ts he nono codewonde se (con = 3,019 = 3 and (a0) 4S or orca we he = 3 KERB oyctc Redundancy Check 1+ Paty met detec oly old nts oer To oem i wen Piymnil cles er deecon method teed. Dupri coder ile ‘Sewing check is nh ors of Chee Redundancy Cade (CRC). Teese ‘onl ealed Cyl Reandany Coes CR 1+ Te ory of polo eale i ered fom a ech of materi ald alga ttn. The Bory of CRC ches I evlpe by wg ges nd ivweich Th obra un whe of oe + Pagmomicoe re od ih Fame anion ha A ig tf ck espera or nc me area Hed on cri the ae TO ABLETON at reecs yt a Sf Se hr on elt iS et Cn Se aa et ae ROS Sas eee + ne po ih e le n LOST Sar SS a ees Seal ca ah hain he So foes Se ype Bd ps Shntate scons SM Gy we mk ti Bg ai 9 pe pa 2 ht eo pe 9 pend seein ab en tee ey eta ey LSSMimyewaecen Sanne oa Worn fe La ane dt ow CAC woke Suppne we wg nd thee et ne preter pobnomint w GO) = ap 4: Append sth end ft sing. The mnber oO i these he degree a pe canal Chen 8 Ta eng aces O00 fp 2 Dok by Gh Wein wate age 2 19 ent ce ‘whee Qn he ante co este et = non ‘Sing = HO» Ar appending sTne100 ome sao tf tooo: Mae Sap 3: Dain Ts) = Be - a nse, ‘Note th teeing Ti acu the ane ing B wi the appended placed yy Ther tani teeing FEI Poon ‘A pte of O an scan be presented a pote with cout of 0 fd. The power of each em shows the potions ofthe i te eotint 1 pec irre he ig bettas = DBP be pela + Toren te tn 01110 ert SSneech hy lr OF et we when and ot ee a em BEER ogo Poa + The ders of pani the ght poner he pom For eam, tee degre of porumias? 4 1 Tm ALCO sa tt Tec saa at ae4+ along mex pla rin 00/609 whe TO)siegee oP ant and (BEE oye gts Let ie lings ‘= Mma wth nr cots iy) = Dane 9) Cast 109 = Goma 0) = Ewe 0 = Sine 1 ot a eo sith nissan ee dec fale eet ny eee et ot fd he mlatop among the sent codeword, rt ved tapi npn, he cer ermal oh gear ‘erwomi BEEEL vray oy cate 1) Bay inpleneted i ada ete 2 yee coer alate when iplenentdin hanae 9 ve god perma ik dein ge BE emo she ee and Stancard parr "+ CRC ie widely ed in Local Aca Neworks (LANG), where thee re standard / Hedtetadleeot een (CEERI cnr C2 ser mae LOG pur yo 3) = xead Salton For polyoma deen THO where 1) = moe compa Howe, 9) ca = ‘tevin epee we cy 1 Adin aed ened = +) tay preteen ddd he sm of te set codon an et, The ectier reas toe rider hed owed by ga opt ye, We can wes orien ontet “Recintadwend _ ob), od ae vse sido a “Theo ra fi: maT ‘Sap 15 Append Oo he nd fh ing TO, 1+ Asin ne emi whe psn fe i ig i uh te fo ae yh fg) tar at lt to ta he ufc or, te ied by. “hedge of payers GX) =2¥ 03224 Soe append eo tang 70, ‘Apption ROW RCN an THEA NALA oa ha wecoma 5:30 atta eine tts The seg hemes ‘p25 che 0 by GRD. Aer aprnsing 9) Hse OE Asay ‘tee To oni by Sa _msaoe \ EERIE rnc Be rid 0001 end he gtr pli orem (= 100 Dow CRC ot Sot: Agen by 4 0 eae cect of) ‘ebay opt of ds) =1100110 000 aon TOETT ERD Reminder ial od fo re 98 Treeito000 + sioorettools 100A Ke fence CEERI re nse 10 6 et ng ERC rer din rt Asuming Be CRC poem ie, dtm he mane ha Se emit es mt re et el By Selaton We ike be mesg HUD, append 8 and die by 10 The mainder is OU; nat we fawn be engin ese With be emt ‘pend or 00 CEERI oe scum sors emia wing tnd CRC mth The acne bol ++, ha el BE i. Al ein rr dein nd ering cb wth ene Do] Senet pyomil = 001 Acta ing Messge nasi HONCHO ase TREO ALCON soe at mecomnts 5:2 unter mee Ane ny Tiorettitioo1e cae Jae 7M semi, CHO, ak agp tt De SHO Wa ee FR? “ho plyomi epeon f TORR MLCT cae a Her edge fh expen 48614 ‘hag D+ besome 06}. Coating he ae oR on ITO “Tard th va of R= 000 cee 7 et 6 = an De eH ee 2 it le ening ek 7S fe et pl ade i fr fe | ne wg ego A Mien ge Ae TTT 4 td a ein es ge 5. la CR oi ag onEBB Hou Dora Semeas] + HDLC i he mt ip dla ol prot Ak th a fo ‘nay th preteen prose wich ee se or ‘erat snd hanno enloyed i HDLC + Te HDLC pts a neta anda! hatha en ied by BO fo he on tth pingent and mali as ee ee in bth mit npr nae aught so HDLC now widely scape, «mer of Inge ‘Denno ot shrew we Be own coy The ede mre sDCC Bymour Dia nk Coil) an ABCC? Crone Dat Commiatne Coa Pesere) wes ed by the Amero Nato Scns tii (ANS, + To atid «iy of sptetony MDLC danas te pero sate These 19 Pinay tion: Piney ston has the repnsiy for cetling he ern fhe Pe toe byte ima ae aed command 29 Secondary stn Sey son cpr ur the conto the peiaey ‘Son Frees nds scnary a lo verpren The ray una ‘Sunt ga ks itch weary Stn fe ie 19 Combined sin: combines the fees of rey and stay. A ‘cote en yi both corm and repens + Stee HCC ater ea gel pupe dt Ek oil pros The ‘hetero ep in feet newer cigs st 1a pt wth ange rary and nay 1) Matipe oth ag nity and mule scm Pint opi wih > pines and osc ‘Al tone cota ted in 5 (9) © 831 1 Pointing ry an secondary aE Pumpin 1) Muti wth sng primary nd mute seconderer a= aa remy Someta rer “set [oe | "a 35 Pog at ate comin soe +The fumes sent by primary taten 0 te mcondry eon at Anon a nmin dow th sendy Be psy ropenee +o angatore shown inp (ad (i) hve age Pinay sin ee own w wabalnced eonSgurtons Usbumced angton sapere bal fl ipo nhl dupes enero, +The configuration npr (i) ht to pinary stains ands knwo baled centration, Bled configs suppor both fal duplex nd al apn mn Shh st hn th yah cy, yo (EEE operations! Mode of HoLC HDLC as fowing da anor mods 1) Normal Repese Made (DO. 2) Ayer alae! Mode (ABA, 1) Noma Repos Made (NEM) Ths tod in unblnet emgrtonsThere ae one pry stn ent itl sonar stator 1A pay stn can end comand scndary ste cn ly apo 1+ Rg 532 sho Neal Response Mode (NEM. The RM ed froth pot and mull Hs TEENA ALERT sett meor -scxeectns tte compte an i th 25 teeta EEE Fomes Tn ADUC both dat an coma meager ae cared 8 snd oat fa, ‘Umber ames (anes) ‘he wed for finn ch aks al icin Tne dees fom ft at they do nt scan any akon nomatn, wh {2 emaon ames (eames Te cary the sual frmiton of daa ana only er ose a ‘Mas mes cn teed ogy back schaolagment formation ling ISH nt mene cin wen stag pene A TRS UCT et re 1) superar ames (Stranes) sine namie THOU ws sycene ara, A arnt [rg aime] co] wn | F [Pn + Fa 534 shows the sect a ame The gad col it i ese come os | om {alee th tomato dt ‘los spe now oe baer een The FOS od tag Ble {sowing da ads ace Eo Fg eld +1 ae 9 sigue a pte at bah th ede of th Pe 634 YOLE tame [Eine winch rari he tof the fame and nd of eT gh of fag Batt + Aas ls + Addis Sl a dation svn. Thea ald ‘aly eb gba can be ead + Cont fe + Cont fk chin ne mumbare Alo cots te eowadgment of tat Col fd 6 eng layer be of le gh at sel nab of 1+ FOS (ame Check Sequencing ade alee fo he EEE contro Fete onto el for Hr Hie oe dened cay ets fom he natok ae TS fd aso ‘nce foe ad eee cna ton 638 cont fl me Trani Race ng ta ae a :— 5:28 etna nde tat 1g S85 et ctl in eas, + Tet deine th pe 80 he he ene an ae + Ne ew dee nate NS, Su mr P/F Sat 8 wth ad purpose. Ti ld a hen maybe pl ef. + Lae St pend ote acolo munber whe pany taking on a Smee 1 Same doe ae krone i. $946 eho the Sm ‘Te] or ea i 634 Same + etn 2s cot de Thi a he fe en me + Tina 3 bs aed NO) corned oe acknepant aber (ACK) oe pine does manber(NAK) depening en te of St +The 2 bis ca cade edt dene te pe of Sime Hel. Types of 1) Hae) 3) Re Gl samen — 2 Rae Not Rely (NR) Sec Rajt SED as [2 meeneey SI dee ACK mie 1g NA nb Sat [Steir dene NA nt Cone! Fal or nee 7 Uae cam Sfomton fed, boone ed for sytem mmgcnent ‘rman ete dt Fe'ia7 ues THONG RALEATON i i en + Wes code a ied int tonto 28 pe Mle 4 P/F and & ‘hits ater te P/F eee 2 har tng reef HOLE EI Poinete-Point Protocot + FP sw most omen wad pote for amit temo dat The serie poised By PP? ae 2) Termin ofan ote 2) Netto be ev tabi ke 5) Bespin of itn dt ie fame 4) Auten of devi. 4+ PPP can opt between plstopant tara ik in fall plex mode. EERE Frane Format “FUP rane frais o HDIC. Fig. S41 owe FPP ee emt as sven ie i APP ta ama 1 ig fd: Te gfe ens oun of FP fume ech fame ei sn wn with lag al eBid 1 yn eh 2 Addins ld: Ad ald nines the a of rttion Adm Bal {hye a), When te ade el cote a1 Le IN, a nde lana sees ae et he ames dc feo 1000 Tae indices were Hames ee dos nt CON 10 Fe ald: Pots ns te efron of dt el The poe Shade ee bye ang Team RBC sa ate9 Data ald Tht tine he ac (Fama Chck Stee GCS: To FCS Geld 2 tte Jang and contin (CRCeade tcl Be ae (EEE Tronstion state o ease The eg of hi 42 tn ar 9 1 Ae ate 6 he ese nk nt The ca ot sett a 2 Link bing a Yn ait fhe rl pine st he feminion then non sa into he nk elas ate Under te at tne pguston Bee th ev On suction the Ceneecon el sha al thre ei no He ie. 5) thee teh atin ate tly cd by one The ators set een mbeon pokes On sue het, the ‘croc ene nu af ats tre the it nk 19 fxdange of dt ste Te area xorg ne In a ‘cchenge of dl ed The cnn tried aly ar esate fee pise wa in 15 Terme ink ste: A ets echange eve sere pct a why ewer nd pir dg be nk Tao RATER fw a eae aa IEEE ne cont Protect 0%) The Lc poms fc of ing mang, cig et ‘Sto i in mre meng nee ‘Revere Le? peat cag ng aes Se Sted ng sede te at Lp Ti pd ne ‘ = Fle. 844 LCP frame In PP fame 19 Code ld Cade ld 1 yn hgh Th code ld tne he ype of UCP pelt Thee sre Bro pes of LOP pace > Congraton put Unk "minason a ink toring pocket 21D eID eid bye eg I ld ae atch herp wh is ply pct The eqn nd pers vale Bw pd in coesponding id ep ace, 2) Length: The nth ld bts dene he ee gh of UCP pase, TOR ABLETON Ae no moeEE tuple access, = 1+ One farce of LAN stat ts Beckne shard chro neni Ink wh vide al ur ace fo he tami ale fy be pombe Shao ere os sting sister casing Aa Spas led and bcos ald 1+ To socte te confit a manta of diferent contol mechs or set ‘ror hve be devi tn order ane iB of LANY, l ‘SyncnousTOM ie +The schoo TDM aucun farther ded it conten mato (random se) a deemiinemchs one! et) 9 Aton 1) Care See Matis (CMA) 1) COMA wih Calista Dato (SHA/CD) 1) Rape etn, Conald see 6 LAN can be peromed ino pe 1) Cmte tecigue +n tale thngue mae node dcr which (nfm: Ti able gt Bld. any adi fri sd by UCP pce tore th Sel Ler pct oes 1 "Toe CP pcan be catered acon the aon, (EEE network contol Protocol (NCP) Te PPP ace Newerk Corr Prt (NCE) when nee chang of dts thi NCP ist of pote which lone tape of dt nto 1+ event negation rt ely dats in aye but etd er a. ‘Test of pocket tat ah td eae ancora fo TP paces sled Intemetwed Fatal Con Frocl PEP The oat FF pew torn ni 848, 3 cotta ele + nd geen & pe Me tl da fr RP pt (ty. Te eit men pe eeecany case aaa JRC pay sch hing ee ol ae (eh ICP pc on ee 4: fon paged) Sd gmat conspending code ass hoo in Table ng. 581 dha be ‘ype ace Ts sg seine te ed OORT an |1 ford emeantatn mllrop cl fd ind eens to coed ‘+ Teta opel bos inrmaton he eon he toad 1+ Theses tn eminent nile. Ti sem inated in Pi 882 = | poner al i 1 A Matin Acs Contd AC) prt slp or te He he ot compte tes oly. mesa to each station, eoiing wth emir reat th bd ne. ‘+n radio commento seen stone share Oo funy ands oe fe runing and ee fr ig + sates communion cack atten i aad 4 ce in a pik ‘goon nd ta I nr net oe ale Th le snd ck th silo cent ogueny ban allo ow Sk ny band + toa sandm at meth, cah sition hi th ih the mean ebot ing tla by tar sin, Homer i ore thn ee ttn is de ‘hres me tick cl dt fe wl be thar oped ot ERE sons 1 The ALOHA pros wt dep a the tery of Ha the ely {37 ALOHA vas deweped for packet ro tees Howeret, i ‘pla any ds tase mean +n yeem when map ers yt snd manage fo ter tations tough 2 Common bent chanel cn sce oon hig ed fm. Tr heme sinplst ponble and ajc. Ie ‘Syrcttoour caw a no carton aman st The Baie Iden f ALOHA sen 4 apple 10 any em in whi “coon wes re cmp oe ae of le hed al + vn ston end dt ante into my acid 2 ate sane tne ‘Theda ston cde and bare pl wo sg oid so tee Eack son woul nly wal aso Enea ry gan BERET roe ons "The cil ALOHA prt claps ALOHA. Thee at ech talon ‘Ri thr se pny alison tn fas fm ret ses. + Rg S61 shows he recline ape ALOHA (Seg Sar on ex pp) te pure ALOHA. potas on sltlagements em the eee. ‘Whe ween fe espe caer toa an ack Ue minowiipenn! dest sve ser ine ol fod, he ston manes (hue tame fa een eyed an nde he Fae + Whenever oes 4 py th chan the ae ote wl Be a Cots nts wl be ua the et bt em Ene ners wh ot {he at be fee nt ished both esl Be teal doe nd ‘RWI SUED at in Reon ALTER ane oetiara ate 1a ee yt od es fr uth fa il oie sin Poe ALOHA det whan the out prod pn ch Wa {Tne st of tie ering me The rr wl ap ‘ad me clase Ta wc ce ne (Gee Pg 52 on net) ‘he tne ot pe gah as pol ound tp propagation dy, tc ee Ses af ane gus to mn ee Beton he 0s wy wpe es »T et all he pak free se lng And each tous one tne at teen) Canny nro end pst Aa ey Hf nye er 1's gemacht Sw yal ty se pct Bol Code th the Doping sit A Scent ALOHA pata ston bes ie he a fre neti Rs on 0 ing at ‘Bove tne a ey ew "RoW ARDEATON fw nt ree Pama Go) mee a | the being of pct nd of pit Th fro packs oetap y ‘oe emben— atepes Tie 2 Wot Pie ALMA et sy) aa eps Re (Ci le wih te Se, ie 803 Vara pte fr pea ‘em BLED ett heTe ought § ls dete a average sual lc tt Betw ‘tan pe nt ne The of ine ltteer Aang al pct oan re in. Sc ely on pac per alt (Gre maui th muna rue oS 1. When calen nim sre o tpt fst and pr aval hao ees wed, The ling $ sone {efi le he average mbar of packet pr sat tne which ae sre to te eon for tassios y ter I dented By GT ‘ugh i exponen terme of fir do wale CPt G on re any rae been Dy cna capacity (he manu senble ought for parce pe of as chee aad he py fh haa + Tofnd he eoghpat of chanel, ta ae athe pcb) hat pn ened rng gen tine flows 3 Pec bcs wih &| fom erin 082), ‘Me meinom tng on AG £05, ono RaaaTO an pean ‘+ Ts eae tte Bet hal itn ht an Babee asad 3% for pure ALOHA med 1 The aractge of pare ALOHA pial simpy, whch an rr ow ost ersten sece no Rca erie tee te ‘rc. Bah ston nso 2 poi whncer i bulor ae oe The erage smh fie! creel aan ie, mania Snre ‘ieten iy 64 Hof te alate apy (EERE ss none ‘+ Se doe ALOHA, tha tines vied no tne oe nd then lowe warrants The i excel tobe pact taurine All ee are Bsc! te lt ta wna «wt ener act ma secmise ey ah tenet pole rn st Camu th std ti nls cn I redel oe pact tine one pd end a al ‘+ Teramiukn atte fr fur network ae and en rtramion dle {er caliding pce ted ALOWA le wn ni 54 camargpetes Lom eeamien °F. 4 Teason tant nd ian ewnmion| ‘St ting pet nea Lon TSR REDO sa attnet Pron and Con of ste ALOHA amu co 2 Time's il io ea en ty stein te ine fo aero fa 1 Node to tone ame ni abn of te 4 Sods 5. tw eon nodes tat ol nodes detec clsion Rf the a “hotgh f sted ALONA chaps sited ALOHA, Opts aie synced fon The probity weet = 669 rom pation 662) s=Ge 665) ‘The mein ought cut C= = seas ah er ft ALA Tm a te on a + Th ten betwen te afd afc and he ouput sw nF 65 Sautos01uo=18 1 Sings noe cn cnn ae fl of 2 Hy ec ch deepen cls weno eae, 2 Simpl plane. (SIRE cit sou 5 pre ALOHA wt ili tao: For par ALOHA, oho Si re by BERRI te 12 et eg 101 fe le, 1 Wt he fet pic 6? ya ogy? ead ell nda? Solan For sed ALOHA chant 2 Pahty of stg tain ing at ie i= » S= Geet a25e089 Aaa (For lati ALOHA, Se mani a = He G+ 23 a sbeond Ga ae evenedeee ee sisi te Fee me vy it IEEE carrier sense Multiple Access Protocol 1+ Te low mana tcoghpt of he ALOHA chs ut the wage a natn tri ee of ue lino Ts wanage ca be dca ty welding maneisone that se tan to ese cals. BY tnang Se Idi fr th pence fs ciel rm le Sais, 8 tins Eemine whch here ba ogg tein. 1+ CSMA segues ch an A nen he maton er ig. CSA ‘in oder hr posy oer bu rot elie +The pmo calito ll xt Dc of popgnn Say. A sation may fev the medion and finde, cy Bonn he at ety ante tn rt yt been ee nase Tine Th ler in for COMA se the propagation te I. Te he te de fora gal propagate on ote fh eum othe other. +g 5646 shows he vel tina or COMA. Stn A send fae ai ‘io aces the ight aan Dat e+ Tp Fe: 8 Var pf In oa + The he rll ae D)Nepernt SMA. 2 Yeni CSA. 5 ppt CSA, 1 Al de prea ae difrng by te acon t be any any stn ae Senin te rie fe he 1) Nowpentan COMA ‘+ nen-poniit CSMA, when ston Reig pace ame fo tani nd fede tat be = man pepettn dn at ction see i forthe pap of ing aly “Spon dowcng en of po remit Bt wats 3 anon ped ‘mean opin hc or ay 1+ ig 547 toes Sow aig orton pene SMA. (See 547 on vis pe) 2 pm Sah 1 Any eon withing tans, onto the chanel comnocly a he Ga! i and hn ts mealy with ry ene, hee Be + en oro nee wating neon ured Se ‘eh ste el test sen a he ef Easy pen th a ech ‘il wt nen enon fine and wl an eng oben. + Avi he or hen pete CEMA, he frm of peice CSMA ‘ret pono he chan! ey He. F588 shows he fw dag prises CSA Finca e o Sn) er 6 Fw pat or pitt OMA 2) pei CSA 1 Tmt te patty of clon im pert COMA, not al te wang 1+ nen + ston bcos ray Ho a an i the al Be ae ther ween wt rota po dle tana yen et th {prota ga1=p fe ered Ht bo lee aon either tansy Fe 80 Pow sate for part IEEE carer Sense Mule Acess with Colsion Detection eth CSMA and ALOHA shen coir are ee fae tamu ‘item cn tin dandy song he wneenan when nln etc he re Sp sn i Cn ton MAUED) * COMAICD fhe ment cmmunly ied pres or LAN CSMA/CD spectiaios wer deca any ty Digs Bom Contin (DEC), nd Reo Tie nck aed wor Toe BEE 82 COMA/CD std for LAN ued on Eure peso +The base pos ht «ston wth a menage send mit mao the ane! ce any ote ani ding ate stn sending the ‘send ton mint wat dru th vending ston hat Hl Then ty ec! rg I otn wa eng athe ine at fet ed eR RRO fa a eecore “he pas fom ach sation wil prenponson the cael a ged Tol te dco hy fh eng ttn Ta eae + A pposcl reguse fr tang ten to menor the chanel whe setng ech i msgs anf ee sch “ls + When colle a Bee decd, cach of sing Hoe oi cee ning, wat for random length of ie, ad then Sy aan. Bs of oct teminuton of tunnison tine and tandvidn smved. Thee GQO/CD ie more ect tan ALOHA, sti ALOHA and CA . foe t 1 CSWA/CD networks work Beton Stan malepant play sh tes) sce Seton ‘athe meio he alo he Soetoeeae 1+ CSUA/CD a ay dead ‘Sta sn ado enon Bg S4t0 taste cu, ‘Sica A ‘and auton Dae the 3) Son A ties came re sting pa eg, | Sition B aC ae may fo NN aoee aoao 15) Elf eolson rope A 1 A, A tp asin, 1 eds jm sigs Noe wasting bot here ae 8 sig on ba TES ELE eta an Secemeteey Se ed ad 2) 108s T ‘3)10mROADS6 ‘atts > SE we CS ES ears eae Gem) ‘tearer San oa a> sang pn in 7 fee = Gx ronda emer Fi. 51 Ponca omc ‘nde liable eet eg X00 met. + Mander sigal code uc at the batind lvl of asin. Ia rouard wars, Dienst Pin Sl eying (DPS) tlt net ‘he Manchester encoded salto ange fom 1 iy S61 shows the owchr fr CSMA/CD proc suo erovatgut Thought of CSMA/CD ptr hn tf pao ta ALOHA + Forget meted th mina Googe rand 0% when G = 1 + Roop ith man pt in 0 0 when Gi (EEE carer Senso Mule Access wth Colision Avoidance 1+ Wins reves emote CRA/CD in he MAC alae sn eine ‘he sy rv and tt ati seine =r ie of CSAC TH ROUT atacome 5:48 Denaro ine 1 4 den nets mach of the sent emery elt tami, The ‘el at very te weg. Thelen mya ny 5 10 [eet tonal nergy. Ti et eal or ec clon dato, We ‘dt set olson on Wels netic Ey et be ete, So CAC enteral a tot + Cols aoe ng ce me ‘neon ae Coen Widow Adkrovdgmens Fig S812 te al re td of CSMA/CA —— Fe aes couch aoe Callas oie by dlr aren cre the cane ound te hen ane chanel found th ston de tl nil walt or 1 pd fie eld th tera Suc 3) +e CSMA/CA the IFS can alo be dt ie te ry of «tion of ft ao ht sng sate BS ba hr py + wn ht ay a ra be a a + Ts meth ge the pty oh ton wh he ange wang tie Aetrowntanes + The maybe corp sng the anemic The postive newldgrent {nd ete oon hp sane Gt her sre the ae 1g S41 hows he Beha for CSMA/CA TRE RLATON? at ie Fe. 5:1 Rontet er COHN Thc of wis natok poset As ding msg 1B, at {Cie te ange and ene wie Tengo th nek wel Sd he sere gd mii a tt ee A + The pole can be ood pn af Aa a ide ach ter Hee is ele th denne rob ESHA ALE Ae tn1+ 5614 tow ade A ting feted toe Prt ua Ba 3 want eum eage 10 AB vil nd te mah heey 0B eC ements fren #8 wea Sent my Xl pret = ig 415 hows de B naa. 1. ALOHA pin wif ALOHA prot 2 8nd AD pts 1 ee ie alee tl ger Aa em AEA nd tal Fe 8514 wrong aon on A my cSitch beeper i Eat ER 5 Die a Nie Cs Yomi CTT las te ain ree = 2. pa ci pa et IE plan atous =r ete CSA Me 7h NT 28 cma ct te ig 2 ph sta AL hel hi a 2a sea Dat Doreen 2 pa te 204 pata, oo eee EB contro Access 1. nth he nn cnt ne aot fed we ation hp od ‘Woe RALSTON on Be corte Reem Paing Token psig EEE reservation 1. ele ning at ste nde to mak a enon, Fg. 57: shove the vation ne me i. 7 Reena see mined 2 Number of von eg aber of aon, EB rating 1. Paling wos wih ooo. 2 One device dg a primary stn and ther devi soy ation. {Al in echang plas gh primary ee tying orl econ all paling 7 St de nd pl ade re et acoso poling tn pling, pinay dere ee dt 9 nal id, rimay en en data sendy deve 10 Links ava primary dv ent senting a cing ay dt 1 fre snding ats he peary cess are (SEL fame 12. SEL fe inde ad of teed secendry device. ean RAE ett2-6 une tot iat (RI «cs te 15 Fee te enim fo? Seti Type poppin pe in LAN 20 me rope a nal espe ian ei = 237510651 = 5 ie CQEEIEED) cine mesmo i tio fo MAN wh wes SMA Unw = iy ane Bcc sine tees + Meg it a te et Pal At ash Cnt 1 Camnte of teme Sorts Sacer sepa Sree 1 po) cit he tp Era (0 EIB ic sityr + ke fe i ne! a pee ae a EET Frans Fomt 1 Bhenet doo at roids any mem foraging ved fas, ng # what known se a alae + Team ol of he MAC shown ng, 88 628023 Frame oma 4 Prumbie Ay ten of aerating an ed by he ie fo sh "tsycvoeon Each me cnn th bt pti 11000 The pan pone nly an lta» Sng pine The rel achat e pe pe dn po ee 12 tat Fame Dt (SF): The sogrce LIE, which iden he act Stat fhe re ae eh ete tae the fit ote the ne 4 Dastnaton Adin (DA): The DA fi 6 ble a eps the ston oe Ae Cm ay aw so spo + 4, Saree Aas (A): Tha SA fl sh 6 ys and oe he psa ares ofthe sender of the packet ” ne Stang or ype: Lng of LLC date eld in set or Ehret Type fei ‘pending on wher the ee norms othe IEE 8 nda eter Chet ‘pect In iter cn the sau ae i, eigen sn SP some te: Dt play ELE ia 8 yn» in of EERE Frame Lint "An Beret fame neds have alma lng S12 i 6 i. Ps ‘fh gt te eae ane he ter 32 shows the nian ‘moun ng fhe fame ee Fg 582 cone ap) + AF cont 18 byt of Bade and he Se 6 yh of SA + 6 ba of DAs 2 bye of enh +4 Hero CRC han tu agi fs | ‘Se uppr layer ok 18 + yen, an RETO at i ie