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    L12 D1 Notes

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    L12 D1 Notes

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    uca.country

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    of 7

    第十二课 对话一 在饭馆吃饭

    Learning Objectives:
    1. Ask if there are seats available at a restaurant
    2. Order some Chinese dishes
    3. Describe your dietary preferences and restrictions
    4. Ask for recommendations
    5. Rush your order
    6. Pay for your order and give change

    Authentic Expression:
    fú wù yuán qǐnɡwènnín jǐ wèi
    服务 员 ： 请 问您几位？ 王朋：两位！

    1
    ------------------------------------点喝的-----------------------------------------------

    生词：
    1. 饭馆(儿) fànguǎn(r) n restaurant
    2. 好像 hǎoxiàng v to seem; to be like
    3. 位子 wèizi n seat
    4. 服务员 fúwùyuán n waiter; attendant
    服务 fúwù v to give service to
    2
    5. 桌子 zhuōzi n table
    6. 点菜 diǎn cài vo to order dishes (in a restaurant)
    菜 cài n (of food) dish; course
    7. 盘 pán m plate; dish
    8. 饺子 jiǎozi n dumplings (with vegetable and/or
    meat stuffing)
    9. 素 sù adj vegetarian; of vegetables
    10. 家常豆腐 jiācháng dòufu n home-style tofu
    11. 豆腐 dòufu n tofu; beancurd
    12. 放 fàng v to put in
    13. 肉 ròu n meat
    14. 碗 wǎn m bowl
    15. 酸辣汤 suānlàtāng n hot-and-sour soup
    酸 suān adj sour
    辣 là adj spicy; hot
    汤 tāng n soup
    16. 味精 wèijīng n monosodium glutamate (MSG)
    17. 盐 yán n salt
    18. 白菜 báicài n bok choy
    19．刚 gang adv. just
    20. 卖完 màiwán VC sold out
    21. 青菜 qīngcài n green/leafy vegetable
    22. 冰茶 bīngchá n. iced tea
    冰 bīng n. ice
    23. 渴 kě adj thirsty
    24. 这些 zhè(i)xiē pr these
    一 yì 些 xiē some (measure word for an indefinite amount)
    3
    25. 够 gòu adj enough
    26. 饿 è adj hungry; to starve
    27. 上菜 vo shàng cài to serve dishes
    28. 好 adj (indicating that something is ready)
    29. 筷子 （ 双） kuài zi chopsticks
    30. 刀子（ 一 把） dāo zi knife
    31. 叉子（ 一 把） chā zi fork
    32. 勺 子 ( 一 把) sháo zi spoon

    语法 Grammar
    1.一（Measure Word）也没/都没+Verb 一个都没有了！一个都不是！
    These structures are used to form an emphatic negation meaning “not at all” or “not even one.”
    A. Subject + 一(yī) + Measure Word + Object + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb
    1) 小李一个朋友也没有。 (Little Li does not have a single friend.)
    2) 爸爸今天一杯茶都没喝。 (My father didn‘t have a single cup of tea today.)
    3) Practice: This month is summer break. I don’t have any test at all./ don’t have homework at all. 暑假, 考
    试
    B. Topic (+ Subject) + 一 + Measure Word + 也/都+ 不/没 + Verb
    1) 这些衬衫我一件也不喜欢。 (I don’t like any of these shirts.)
    Practice: a. The younger brother cannot wear any of his older brother’s shoes.)
    b. We don’t know any of these schools.
    C. Subject + 一点儿 + Object + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb
    1) 他去了商店，可是一点儿东西也没买。. (He went to the store, but he didn’t buy anything at all.)
    2) 妈妈做菜一点儿味精都不放。 (Mom doesn’t use any MSG in her cooking.)
    Practice：
    a. He is very hungry, but he doesn’t want to eat anything at all. 饿
    b. Change above 3 sentences to topic Comment form.
    *** If the noun after 一 (yī) is countable, a proper measure word should be used between 一 and the noun, as in
    (1), (2), (3), and (4).
    ***If the noun is uncountable, the phrase 一点儿 is usually used instead, as in (5) and (6).
    The following sentences are incorrect XXX:
    (1a)WRONG *小李没有一个朋友。
    4
    (3a) WRONG 这些衬衫我不喜欢一件/我不喜欢一件这些衬衫。
    . (5a) WRONG 他东西没买一点儿。
    D. The construction 一点儿 (yìdiǎnr) + 也/都 + 不 can also be used before an adjective to express emphatic
    negation.
    1) 这儿的冬天一点儿也不冷。 (Winter here is not cold at all.)
    2) 那个学校一点儿也不漂亮。. (That school is not pretty at all.)
    3) 这杯冰茶一点儿都不好喝。 (This glass of iced tea doesn’t taste good at all.)
    Example 1 This movie is not interesting at all.
    这个电影一点儿都不好看！
    Summarize：
    A Sub. 一 MW Obj 都/也+ 不/没 Verb
    B Sub. 一 点 Obj 都/也+ 不/没 Verb
    C Obj Sub. 一 MW 都/也+ 不/没 Verb
    D Obj 一 点 都/也+ 不 Adj.

    Practice 1.: 一...也/都 + 不/没...


    Example:
    没, 写字, 个 ➔ 我一个字也没写。

    1.不 买衣服➔ 他一件衣服都不买。


    2.不 看电影➔ 我们一个电影都不看。（uncountable noun,一点儿）
    3.没 有钱➔ 他一点儿钱都有没有。
    4.没 吃饭 ➔ 我一点儿饭都没吃。
    5.没 买鞋➔ 他一双鞋 都没有。（have no shoe）

    2. Adverb 多/少 + V 多放，少放，多穿，少穿，多吃，少吃...


    多 and 少 are two adjectives whose usage is rather unusual. To express the idea of doing something “more”
    or “less,” one places 多 (duō) or 少 before the verb.
    1) 爸爸告诉妈妈做菜的时候少放盐，多放点 儿糖。
    (Dad asked Mom to add less salt and more sugar when she cooks.)
    2) 上中文课得多说中文，少说英文。. (In Chinese class, one should speak more Chinese and less
    English.)
    “多/少 (duō/shǎo) + verb” construction can sometimes denote a deviation from the correct amount or
    number.
    3) 你多找了我一块钱。You gave me one dollar too many.
    4) 老师说要写五十个字，我写了四十五个，少写了五个。I wrote forty –five characters. It was five
    short。

    5
    多+verb 少+ verb
    1．我希望多用一点时间看书。 1．妈妈告诉我少看电视。
    2．妈妈希望我能多吃一点儿... 我想少吃一些.....
    3．多玩 少玩
    4. 多去 少去
    5. 多 走路 少 开车

    3. 刚 (gāng) vs. 刚才 (gāngcái) As an adverb,


    A: 刚 denotes that the action or change in situation took place in the most recent past.
    我哥哥刚从中国来，一个朋友都没有。(My older brother just came from China. He doesn’t have a
    single friend here.)
    我刚洗完澡，舒服极了。. (I just showered, and feel so great.

    1．As an Adverb, denotes that 1. 他刚买了十双鞋。为什么你又给


    the action or change took place in 他买了一双。
    the most recent past （PAST 2. 小谢刚去过日本。
    TENCE）
    刚 just 2．刚 (gāng) can be followed by 他刚走了两天。
    an expression that indicates the *X 他刚才走了两天
    duration of time。
    **刚才 cannot be followed by
    duration time.
    3. A sentence including 刚 cannot 1）我刚吃饭。
    have 了 (le) at the end. (Did， 2）我刚吃完饭。
    Just) 2）A：明天的考试你开始准备了
    吗？ (Have you started preparing for
    tomorrow’s test?)
    B: 我刚开始准备。(I just got started.)
    1．It is a noun that refers to the 1) A: 你知道王朋在哪儿吗？
    time shortly before the act of 2) B: 他刚才在这儿，我不知道
    刚才 a speaking. 他去哪儿了. ( He was here a
    moment ago moment ago, I don’t know
    where he went. )
    Similar: : 他（1 mins ago）在这儿。

    2.A sentence that includes 刚才 他刚才给你打电话了。


    often ends with 了 。
    刚 can’t

    B: 刚才 is a noun that refers to the time shortly before the act of speaking.

    6
    a. 弟弟刚才吃了十五个饺子，喝了两碗 酸辣汤。 (My younger brother finished fifteen dumplings and
    two bowls of hot and sour soup a moment ago.)
    b. Practice: I just got off the red line, and will switch (change) 换 to yellow line.

    4. Resultative Complements (I)


    1) Following a verb, an adjective or another verb can be used to denote the result of the action, hence the
    term resultative complement.
    2) 小白菜卖完了。. (Baby bok choy is sold out.)
    3) 你找错钱了。. (You gave me the incorrect change.)
    4) 那个人是谁你看清楚了吗？
    5) 太好了，这个字你写对了. (Great! You wrote this character correctly.)
    Generally, the negative form of a resultative complement is formed by placing 没 or 没有 (before the verb.
    1) 小白菜还没卖完 (Baby bok choy is not sold out yet.)
    2) 那个人我没看清楚。 (I didn’t see clearly who that person was.)
    3) 糟糕，这个字你没有写对。. (Shoot! You didn’t write this character correctly.)
    Following certain verbs, the use of an adjective as the resultative complement is not random. In those cases, it
    is advisable to take the combination of the verb and the complement as a whole unit.
    Verb+ 错 写错了， 听错了， 服务员上错菜了。我很生气。
    看错（人）了，
    找错（钱）了。
    Verb+ 对 说对了。
    没说对。
    说错了。
    verb+ 完 吃完了
    没吃完
    Verb+ 清楚 听清楚了
    没听清楚。
    Verb+好了 看好了。
    Done 吃好了。
    睡好了。

    5.好 (hǎo) as a Resultative Complement


    好 (hǎo) can serve as a complement following a verb, indicating the completion of an action. It often
    indicates readiness to start the next action or event.
    1) 饭做好了，快来吃吧. (The food is ready. Come and eat.)
    2) 功课做好了，我要睡觉了。 (My homework is done. I want to go to bed.)
    Practice： a. (I’ve already bought the dress for you. You can wear it for the party tomorrow night.)
    c. The meal is ready. 饭做好了， 做完了。
    d. We have finished our Chinese homework. 我的功课做完了、做好了。

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