Health 9 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

1. To save lives
Quarter 3 2.
3.
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
INSTRUCTOR: Mrs. Louvia Rhynss Rojas 4. To prevent further injury

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER

1. Gentle - does not cause pain and

panic.
2. Observant - notice all signs
First Aid - is an immediate and 3. Resourceful - makes the best use
temporary care given to a person who of things around
suddenly gets ill or injured 4. Tactful - does not frightened the
victim
- Also includes self help and home 5. Sympathetic - comforts and
care if medical assistance is not reassures the victim
available or delayed.
- It can mean between life and
death in extreme cases.
- Know the limits of first aid. We
can give more harm than good
in some instances.

First aider - anyone who gives first aid.

ROLES OF FIRST AID

- It is a bridge that fills the gap

between the victim and the
physician
- It is not intended to compete
with or to take place of the
services of the physician
- It ends when the services of the
physician begins.

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 Parts of the body to check for
circulation/pulse

1. Temporal bone
(Head)

TWO WAYS TO CONDUCT

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION WHEN
GIVING FIRST AID:

Signs - are details discovered by

applying new sense-sight, touch,
hearing and smell during the course 2. Branchial (Ear)
of the examination.

Symptoms - are sensations that the

victim feels or experiences and may
be able to describe (Ex. Nausea, 3. Carotid (Neck)
Vomiting, Heat, and Impaired
sensations).

TWO TYPES OF SURVEYS

Primary Survey - is used when the

victim is unconscious and to find
out and immediately treat
life-threatening conditions.

C - Check for Consciousness

A - Open the Airway

B - Check for Breathing

C - Check for Circulation

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 - Cold packs can be used as
cold compress.
- Hot compress is also used to
allow normal blood
circulation.
- Cold and Hot compress are
Dressing - is a piece of sterile cloth applied alternately for closed
that covers a wound to prevent wounds and/or contusions
infection and/or stop a bleeding

Bandages
TECHNIQUES IN APPLYING A - Are used to apply pressure to
DRESSING bleeding for covering wounds
1. Wash hands and wear gloves and burns.
if possible. - Provides support for
2. Unwrap the dressing as close immobilization for broken
to the wound as possible. Be bones, sprains, and strains.
sure not to touch the wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the
dressing slips over the TWO PHASES OF BANDAGING
victim’s skin while you are
trying to position it, discard ● Open Phase Bandaging - used
and use a fresh one. for wounds on top and back
4. Place the dressing over the of the head, chest, back,
wound. hand, and foot and arm sling.
5. Use a dressing that is large ● Cravat Phase Bandaging -
enough to extend at least 1 used for wounds that need
inch beyond the edges of the extra support like wound on
wound. the eye, forehead, ear, cheek,
6. If body tissue or organs are jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg,
exposed, cover the wound elbow, knee, palm, and for
with a dressing that will stick. sprained ankle. The narrower
7. Then secure the dressing with the cravat, the greater
a bandage or adhesive tape. pressure it will give.

Cold Compress

- Used to reduce swelling and

relieve pain
- Usually used for sprains and
strains.

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 3 KEY USES OF BANDAGING

1. To apply pressure into For chest injury

bleeding wounds
2. To cover wounds or burns
3. To provide support or to
immobilize a broken bone, a
sprain or a strain. CRAVAT PHASE BANDAGING

PARTS OF THE BANDAGE For shoulder injury

For arm injury

1. Point
2. Base
For leg injury
3. End/Tail

OPEN PHASE BANDAGING

For foot injury

(can be used for

For head injury ankle injury)

For hand injury

For face injury

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Wounds

- is a break in the continuity of FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN

a tissue in the body. It may be TRANSPORTING A VICTIM
closed in which there is no break
or damage in the skin. 1. Weight and height of the
- Is also called hematoma or victim
contusion 2. Status of the victim
- A wound may be open in which (conscious or unconscious)
there is a break in the skin. 3. Environment (safe, smooth
floor, narrow or wide)
4. Special need considerations
KINDS OF OPEN WOUND (injuries of the victim)

Puncture - is a piercing WAYS TO TRANSPORT A VICTIM

wound caused by nails,
needles and other pointed (one man carry)
objects.
Fireman’s Carry - the easiest
way to transport a light and
smaller victim
Abrasion - is caused by
rubbing or scraping the
skin against a rough
Piggyback - used when the
surface.
victim is conscious. Usually
used when the victim is
smaller than the first aider.
Incision - is a cut caused by
any sharp object.

Shoulder Drag - used when

the floor is smooth, short
Laceration - is a blunt distance support.
breaking or tearing of soft
tissues usually resulting
from mishandling tools and
Fireman’s Drag or Tied hands
other accidents.
Crawl - used when the first
Avulsion - is a forcible aider and the victim must
tearing or partial tearing crawl underneath a low
away of tissues. structure.

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Blanket Drag - used
when the victim is
seriously injured
and should not be
lifted.

(Two man carry)

Chair/Seat Carry - when

there are two first raiders
and a chair is available.

(Three or more - man transport)

Hammock Carry - imitates

a hammock to carry and
hold the victim horizontal
(with two or more aiders).

Bearer Alongside Carry -

carriers will stay on the
uninjured side of the
victim.

Six Man Lift and Carry

- when there are six
first aiders.

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 Sprain

- Is an injury to the
ligament of a bone due
to accidental tearing or
Fracture overstretching.

- Is a break or Strain
crack in a bone - Is an injury to the
- An open fracture muscles which is a
pierces the skin result of improper
surface while in use of the muscle.
a closed fracture, the skin above
is intact.

First aid: First aid:

- Check vital signs - Rest the injured part

- Do not move the injured part. - Apply ice
- Stop bleeding if there is any - Compress the injured part
- If you have to move the victim, - Elevate the injured part.
immobilize the broken part by
splinting.
- Seek medical help immediately
Heat exhaustion

- Is caused by loss of
Dislocation salt and water due to
excessively high
- Is a partial or temperatures. This
complete may lead to head
displacement of stroke or even death.
the bones

First aid:
First aid:
- Transport the victim to a cool
- Call for help immediately place/shade
- Splint the affected part - Give them plenty of water
- Do not try to move a dislocated - Checking for vital signs
part to force it back into place. - Seek medical help.
- Apply ice on the injured ice to
reduce swelling.

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 ➔ Check their mouth if obstruction
Food poisoning is not removed, repeat the back
blows and abdominal thrust
- Is caused by consuming food or
➔ If the obstruction is still not
drinks that are contaminated
cleared, call for an ambulance
with bacteria or viruses.
and continue until help arrives.

First aid:
Drowning
- Help the person to lie down and
- Occurs when air cannot enter
rest.
the lungs due to water. It can
- Give them plenty of water to
cause sudden death when taken
drink and a bowl to use if he
for granted.
vomits.
- Call for medical help if the
condition worsens.
First aid:

- Lay the person on their back.

Choking - Check breathing and open the
airway.
- Result when a foreign object
- Give rescue breaths and chest
blocks the throat
compressions if necessary.
- If the person is
breathing, place them
First aid: in the recovery position.
- Treat for hypothermia
- Ask the person if they are
by removing wet
choking (this confirms if they are
clothing and covering
actually choking or just an act)
them with a dry blanket.
- Encourage them to cough.
- When the person cannot speak
or stop coughing, do the
following:
➔ Give them five back blows
➔ Stand behind them and help
them lean forward
➔ Support their chest with one
hand and give five sharp blows
between the shoulder blades
with the heel of your hand.

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 - Wear disposable gloves and
Heart attack place a sterile dressing or
bandage over the burn to
- Is caused by sudden obstruction
protect it from borne infection
of blood supply to the part of the
(Disease that results from an
heart muscles.
infection transmitted to humans
and other animals by
blood-feeding arthropods, such
First aid: as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas.)
- Call for medical help.
- Help the person sit or lie down
- Reassure the victim and treat for
with their head elevated.
shock.
- Call for medical help.
- If the person is conscious, give
them a full-dose aspirin and
advise them to chew it slowly Burns
(Aspirin helps make the blood
- Are often due to domestic
thin enough to make the
incidents such as touching hot
bloodstream faster).
things such as a hot iron, friction
- Constantly monitor the vital
(rope burn) or spilling boiling
signs. Be prepared to give rescue
water on the skin.
breaths and chest compressions.

First aid:
Chemical burns
For minor burns:
- May occur when electricity
passes through the body. - Flood the injured area with cold
- May also occur when harsh water.
chemicals come into contact - Put on gloves and cover the area
with your skin, eyes or any tissue with sterile non-adhesive
in your body, they can destroy dressing or bandage. (not
cells. tending to stick)

For severe burns:

First aid: - Help the person to lie down and
prevent the burnt area from
- Make sure that contact with the
coming into contact with the
electrical source is broken.
ground.
- Flood the site of injury at the
- Douse the burn with plenty of
entry and exit points of the
cold liquid.
current (electricity) with plenty
of cold water.

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 - Seek for medical assistance. Do
not delay medical help. First aid:

- Wear disposable gloves and - Move the person immediately to

gently remove any rings, a cool place/shade.
watches, belt, shoes, or - Remove as much of their outer
smouldering clothing before the clothing as possible.
tissues begin to swell. (burn - Call for medical help.
slowly with smoke but no flame.) - Wrap the person in a cold, wet
- Carefully remove any burnt sheet and keep the sheet wet
clothing, unless it is sticking to until their temperature drops to
the skin. Cover the burnt area 30℃.
with non-adhesive dressing or - If the person returned to normal
bandage. temperature, replace the wet
- Continue to monitor vital signs. sheet with a dry one.
- Reassure casualty and treat for - Monitor vital signs until help
shock. arrives.
- If the temperature rises, repeat
the cooling process.
Heat stroke

- Is caused by a failure of the

“thermostat” in the brain to
regulate body temperature.
When this happens, the body
becomes seriously heated.

Symptoms:

- Red skin
- Dizziness
- High fever
- Vomiting
- Strong sense of heartbeat
- Headache

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Stroke

- Is a condition in which the blood

supply to a part of the brain is
suddenly and seriously impaired
by a blood clot or ruptured blood
vessel.

First aid:

- If the person is conscious, help

them to lie down with their head
and shoulder slightly raised and
supported.
- Incline their head to the
affected side and place a towel
on his shoulder to absorb any
dribbling.
- Call for medical assistance.
- Loosen any tight clothing.
- Monitor vital signs and reassure
the victim.
- If the victim is unconscious, give
rescue breaths and chest
compressions.
- Call for an ambulance or call for
medical help.

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