Python 3 Cheat Sheet

Comments String Concatenation Filter, Map, and Reduce

# This is a comment word1 = "Hello" from functools import reduce
word2 = "Python"
''' sentence = word1 + ", " + word2 lst = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
This is a
block words = evens = filter(
of ["The","quick","brown","fox", lambda x: x % 2 == 0, lst)
comments "jumps","over","the","lazy", print(evens) # [2, 4, 6, 8]
''' "dog"]
print(' '.join(words)) squares = map(lambda x: x ** 2, lst)
""" print(', '.join(words)) print(squares) # [1, 4, 9,
This is another # 16, 25, 36,
block # 49, 64, 81]
of Getting Inputs
comments total = reduce(
""" name = input( lambda s, x: s + x, lst)
"What is your name?") print(total) # 45
year_born = input(
Strings "Enter your year born: ")
Exceptions Handling
# use single or double quotes current = 2018
str_1 = "This is a string" my_age = current - int(year_born) try:
str_2 = 'This is another string' # need to convert string to int a = input('Enter first num: ')
b = input('Enter second num: ')
result = a/b
Length of Strings Defining Function except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(e)
length = str(len(str_1)) def do_something(): except: # catch all exceptions
print("In do_something()") e = sys.exc_info()[0]
print(e)
Special Characters else: # no exception
Calling Function print(result)
print("Col 1\tCol 2\tCol 3") finally: # do this regardless of
print("Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3") do_something() # exception or not
print("End of program")
path_1 = "c:\\windows\\"
sentence_1 = Function with Parameters
'He\'s allergic to cats' Raising Exceptions
def add_nums(x,y):
return x+y def perform_division(a,b):
Multi-lines if b == 0:
print(add_nums(5,6)) # 11 raise ZeroDivisionError
long_str = """This is a long print(add_nums(y = 6,x = 5)) # 11 return a/b
long
long
string""" Optional Parameters try:
result = perform_division(5/0)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
def merge(lst, spacer=" "): print(e)
Raw String s = ""
for item in lst:
raw1 = s = s + str(item) + spacer Lists
r"The \n is the newline character" return s
int_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5] mix_list = [3.14, 5, "Hello"]
String Formatting print(merge(list1)) list_of_list = [int_list, mix_list]
print(merge(list1,"-"))
fname = "Wei-Meng" print(merge(list1, spacer = "*")) print(len(int_list)) # 5
lname = "Lee" print(merge(spacer = "*", print(len(mix_list)) # 3
lst = list1)) print(len(list_of_list)) # 2
print("%s %s" %(fname, lname))
# Wei-Meng Lee
Global Variable print(int_list[0])
print(int_list[1])
# 1
# 2
print("%s %s" %(lname, fname))
# Lee Wei-Meng count = 0
def addcounter(): Inserting and Removing
print("{} {}" .format(fname, lname)) global count
# Wei-Meng Lee count = count + 1 Items
print("{0} {1}" .format(fname,
lname)) Lambda Functions # insert 9 into index 3
int_list.insert(3, 9)
# Wei-Meng Lee print(int_list)
def square(n): # [1, 2, 3, 9, 4, 5]
print("{1} {0}" .format(fname, return n**2
lname)) # insert 8 into index 20; appended
# Lee Wei-Meng print(square(5)) # 25 # to the end instead
int_list.insert(20, 8)
print(f"{fname} {lname}") g = lambda n: n**2 print(int_list)
# Wei-Meng Lee print(g(5)) # 25 # [1, 2, 3, 9, 4, 5, 8]

# remove element at index 3

n = int_list.pop(3)
print(n) # 9
print(int_list)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8]

# error; pop index out of range

n = int_list.pop(20)
V2.0 © Wei-Meng Lee , Developer Learning Solutions, http://www.learn2develop.net All rights reserved.
Ranging List Comprehension While Loop
r = range(5) # r is [0,1,2,3,4] nums = [1,2,3,4,5] max = 10
print(r[0]) # 0 cubes = [n ** 3 for n in nums] count = 1
print(r[-1] # 4; -1 is for last print(cubes) while (count <= max):
# element ''' print(count) # prints 1 to 10
print(r[-2]) # 3; -2 is for second [1, 8, 27, 64, 125] count += 1
# last element '''

even_cubes = [ n ** 3 for n in nums Tuples

Slicing if n % 2 == 0 ]
print(even_cubes) pt_a = (7,8)
print(r[-2:]) # [3,4]; second last ''' pt_b = 3,4
# element onwards [8, 64] print(pt_a) # (7, 8)
print(r[:3]) # [0,1,2]; first 3 ''' print(pt_b) # (3, 4)
# element
print(r[1:3]) # [1,2]; index 1 and pt_a[1] = 7 # Error
# up to before 3 Making Decisions
print(r[1:-1]) # [1,2,3]; without
# the first and last raining = True Dictionaries
print(r[2:-2]) windy = False
heights = {}
x = r[:] # make a copy of r if raining: heights = { "john": 176,
print(x) # [0,1,2,3,4] print("Wet!!!") "peter": 158,
"susan":170
if not raining:
Membership print("Dry!!!")
}
print(heights["peter"])
print(heights["jack"]) # Error
two_in_list = 2 in r if raining and windy:
nine_in_list = 9 in r print("Cold!!!") heights["mary"] = 168
print(heights["mary"])
print(two_in_list) # True if raining or windy:
print(nine_in_list) # False print("Cool!!")
Dictionary Membership
List Concatenation Comparison have_john = "john" in heights
have_jack = "jack" in heights
r.extend([5,6]) your_age = 30
print(r) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, my_age = 35 print(have_john) # True
# 5, 6] print(have_jack) # False
s = r + [7,8,9] if my_age > your_age:
print(s) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, print("I am older than you!")
# 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] elif my_age < your_age: Sets
s.append(10) print("You are older than me!")
print(s) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, else: items = set()
# 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, print("We are both as old!") items.add("Apple")
# 10] items.add("Orange")
if (your_age == 100): items.add(1)
List Unpacking print("You are a centenarian!")
items.add("Durian")
if (your_age != 100): items.remove("Durian")
scores = [70,55,90] print("You are not a
math, science, english = scores centenarian!")

print("math: %d" %math)

# math: 70 Ternary Condition
print("science: %d" %science) num = 5
# science: 55 parity =
"even" if num % 2 == 0 else "odd"
print("english: %d" %english) print(parity)
# english: 90

_, _, english = scores For Loop

# only interested in english
print("english: %d" %english) for x in range(1, 15, 2):
# english: 90 print(x) # prints 1 3 5 7 9
# 11 13
Enumerating a List for x in range(10):
print(x) # prints 0 to 9
seasons = ['Spring', 'Summer',
'Fall', 'Winter']
for i, season in enumerate(seasons): Break
print(i, season)
for x in range (10):
for i, season in enumerate(seasons, print(x) # prints 0 to 5
start=1): if (x == 5):
print(i, season) break

Continue
for x in range (10):
if (x == 5):
continue
print(x) # prints 0 to 9,
# excluding 5

V2.0 © Wei-Meng Lee , Developer Learning Solutions, http://www.learn2develop.net All rights reserved.