Some Subclasses of Uniformly Convex

Functions involving Certain Fractional

Calculus Operator
K. Suchithra1 , T. Thulasiram2 and R. Sattanathan3
1,2 Department of Mathematics
A.M. Jain College, Chennai - 114, Tamil Nadu, India
1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]

3 Department of Mathematics
D.G. Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, Chennai - 106, Tamil Nadu, India
[email protected]

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) of uni-
formly convex functions defined by a certain fractional calculus op-
erator. Properties like coefficient estimates, growth and distortion
theorems, characterization property, modified Hadamard product, in-
clusion property, extreme points, closure theorem of this class are
studied. Futher, we discuss a class preserving integral operator, radius
of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity and integral mean in-
equality for functions in MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

Keywords and Phrases: Fractional derivative, univalent function,

uniformly convex function, fractional integral operator, incomplete
beta function, modified Hadamard product.

AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45.

1
1 Introduction
Let A denote the class of functions of the form
X∞
f (z) = z + ak z k (1.1)
k=2

which are analytic and univalent in the unit disc U = {z : |z| < 1}. Also
denote by T , the subclass of A consisting of functions of the form
∞
X
f (z) = z − ak z k (ak ≥ 0, z ∈ U ). (1.2)
k=2
∞
X
For g(z) = z − bk z k the modified Hadamard product of f (z) and g(z)
k=2
is defined by
∞
X
(f ∗ g)(z) = z − ak b k z k . (1.3)
k=2

A function f (z) ∈ A is said to be in Sp (α, β) if and only if

 ′ 
zf (z) zf ′ (z)
Re −α ≥β −1 , (1.4)
f (z) f (z)
for some α (−1 ≤ α < 1), β ≥ 0 and all z ∈ U , and is said to be in UCV(α, β),
if and only if  
zf ′′ (z) zf ′′ (z)
Re 1 + ′ −α ≥β , (1.5)
f (z) f ′ (z)
for some α (−1 ≤ α < 1), β ≥ 0 and all z ∈ U .
The classes Sp (α, β) and UCV(α, β) were introduced and studied by Good-
man [2], Rønning [8] and Minda and Ma [5].
Let φ(a, c; z) be the incomplete beta function defined by
∞
X (a)k−1 k
φ(a, c; z) = z+ z (a 6= −1, −2, −3, . . . and c 6= 0, −1, −2, −3, . . . )
k=2
(c)k−1
(1.6)
where (a)k is the Pochhammer symbol defined by
(
Γ(a + k) 1 k=0
(a)k = = .
Γ(a) a(a + 1)(a + 2) . . . (a + k − 1) k = N

2
 We note that L(a, c)f (z) = φ(a, c; z) ∗ f (z), for f ∈ A is the Carlson-
Shaffer operator [1].
For real number µ (−∞ < µ < 1) and γ (−∞ < γ < 1) and a positive
µ,γ,η
real number η operator U0,z : A → A is defined by [6] as
∞
µ,γ,η
X (2 − γ + η)k−1 (2)k−1
U0,z f (z) =z+ ak z k
k=2
(2 − γ)k−1 (2 − µ + η)k−1

which for f (z) 6= 0 may be written as

Γ(2 − γ)Γ(2 − µ + γ) γ µ,γ,η



 z J0,z f (z); 0 ≤ µ < 1
µ,γ,η

 Γ(2 − γ + η)
U0,z f (z) =
 Γ(2 − γ)Γ(2 − µ + γ) γ −µ,γ,η
z I0,z f (z); −∞ < µ < 0



Γ(2 − γ + η)
µ,γ,η −µ,γ,η
where J0,z and I0,z are fractional differential and fractional integral op-
erators [9] respectively.
It is interesting to observe that

Uzµ f (z) = Γ(2 − µ)z µ Dzµ f (z), −∞ < µ < 1

= Ωµz f (z)

and Dzµ is due to Owa [7]. Uzµ is called fractional integral operator of order
µ, if −∞ < µ < 0 and is called fractional differential operator of order µ if
0 ≤ µ < 1.
Let us now consider another operator Gµ,γ,η 0,z defined using the operators
µ,γ,η
U0,z and the incomplete beta function φ(a, b; z) as follows.
For real numbers µ (−∞ < µ < 1), γ (−∞ < γ < 1), η ∈ R+ ,
a 6= −1, −2, −3, . . . and c 6= 0, −1, −2, −3, . . . , the operator Gµ,γ,η
0,z :A→A
is defined by [4] as

Gµ,γ,η µ,γ,η
0,z f (z) = φ(a, b; z) ∗ U0,z (1.7)
X∞
=z+ h(k)ak z k , (1.8)
k=2

where
(a)k−1 (2 − γ + η)k−1 (2)k−1
h(k) = . (1.9)
(c)k−1 (2 − γ)k−1 (2 − µ + η)k−1

3
For −1 ≤ α < 1, β ≥ 0, a function f ∈ A is said to be in the class
Mµ,γ,η (α, β, λ) if and only if

z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
 
Re µ,γ,η ′ − α ≥β µ,γ,η ′ − 1 ,
(1 − λ)Gµ,γ,η
0,z + λz(G0,z ) (1 − λ)Gµ,γ,η
0,z + λz(G0,z )
(1.10)
+ µ,γ,η
for z ∈ U where −∞ < µ < 1; −∞ < γ < 1; η ∈ R and G0,z is given by
(1.8).
Let MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) = Mµ,γ,η (α, β, λ) ∩ T .
It follows that, for µ = γ = 0, a = c = 1, Mµ,γ,η (α, β, λ) reduces to
the familiar class UCV(α, β). Further MT µ,γ,η (α, β, 1) = KT µ,γ,η (α, β) was
studied by [10] and MT µ,γ,η (α, β, 0) = Kµ,γ,η (α, β) was studied by [4].
In this paper the classical definition of fractional calculus and its gen-
eralizations have been applied in obtaining the characterization properties,
coefficient estimates and distortion inequalities and other interesting proper-
ties for the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) of uniformly convex functions.

2 Coefficient Estimates
Theorem 2.1. A function f (z) defined by (1.2) is in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ),
if and only if
∞
X
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)ak ≤ 1 − α (2.1)
k=2

where 0 ≤ α < 1; β ≥ 0, −∞ < µ < 1, −∞ < γ < 1, η ∈ R+ , a 6=

−1, −2, . . . and c 6= 0, −1, −2, . . . .

Proof. Assume (2.1) holds, then we show that f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
Thus, it suffices to show that

z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
 
β µ,γ,η ′ − 1 −Re µ,γ,η ′ − α ≤0
(1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z ) (1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z )

that is,

z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
 
β µ,γ,η ′ − 1 −Re µ,γ,η ′ − 1 ≤ 1−α.
(1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z ) (1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z )

4
we have
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
 
β µ,γ,η ′ − 1 −Re µ,γ,η ′ − 1
(1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z ) (1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z )
z(Gµ,γ,η 2 µ,γ,η ′′
0,z ) + λz (G0,z )
′
≤ (1 + β) µ,γ,η ′ − 1
(1 − λ)(Gµ,γ,η
0,z ) + λz(G0,z )
∞
X
(1 + λ(k − 1))(k − 1)h(k)ak
≤ (1 + β) k=2 ∞ .
X
1− (1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)ak
k=2

This expression is bounded above by (1 − α) if

∞
X
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)ak ≤ 1 − α. (2.2)
k=2

Conversely, we show that f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) satisfies inequality (2.1).

Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and z be real, then by relation (1.8) and
(1.10), we have
∞
X ∞
X
k−1
1− k(1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)ak z (1 + λ(k − 1))(k − 1)h(k)ak z k−1
k=2 k=2
∞ −α ≥ β ∞
X X
1− (1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)ak z k−1 1− h(k)ak (1 + λ(k − 1))z k−1
k=2 k=2

Allowing z → 1 along real axis, we obtain the desired inequality (2.1).

The equality in (2.1) is attained for the extremal function
(1 − α)
f (z) = z − z k , k ≥ 2. (2.3)
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)

Corollary 2.1. Let a function defined by (1.2) be in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
Then
(1 − α)(c)k−1 (2 − γ)k−1 (2 − µ + η)k−1
ak ≤ , k ≥ 2.
[1 + λ(k − 1)][k(1 + β) − (α + β)](a)k−1 (2 − γ + η)k−1 (2)k−1

5
 For the choice of λ = 0, we get the result of [4] which is as follows.

Corollary 2.2. Let a function f defined by (1.2) be in the class Kµ,γ,η (α, β).
Then
(1 − α)(c)k−1 (2 − γ)k−1 (2 − µ + η)k−1
ak ≤ , k ≥ 2.
[k(1 + β) − (α + β)](a)k−1 (2 − γ + η)k−1 (2)k−1

Next, we give the growth and distortion theorem for the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

Theorem 2.2. Let the function f (z) defined by (1.2) be in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
Then
(1 − α)(c)(2 − γ)(2 − µ + η)
Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) − |z| ≤ |z|2 , (2.4)
2a(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(2 − γ + η)

c(1 − α)(2 − γ)(2 − µ + η)

(Gµ,γ,η ′
0,z f (z)) − 1 ≤ |z|. (2.5)
a(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(2 − γ + η)
The equality in (2.4) and (2.5), are attained for the function

c(1 − α)(2 − γ)(2 − µ + η)

f (z) = z − z2.
2a(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(2 − γ + η)

3 Characterization Property
Theorem 3.1. Let µ, γ, η ∈ R such that µ (−∞ < µ < 1), γ (−∞ < γ < 1),
η ∈ R+ , a 6= −1, −2, . . . and c 6= 0, −1, −2, . . . . Also let the function f (z)
given by (1.2) satisfy
∞
X [1 + λ(k − 1)][k(1 + β) − (α + β)] 1
h(k)ak ≤ (3.1)
k=2
1−α h(2)

for −1 ≤ α < 1, β ≥ 0. Then Gµ,γ,η

0,z f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ), where h(k) is
given by (1.9).

Proof. We have from (1.2) and (1.8)

∞
X
Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) =z− h(k)ak z k . (3.2)
k=2

6
Under the condition stated in the hypothesis of this theorem, we observe that
the function h(k) is a non-increasing function of k for k ≥ 2 and thus

2a(2 − γ + η)
0 < h(k) ≤ h(2) = (3.3)
c(2 − γ)(2 − µ + η)

Therefore, (3.1) and (3.3) yields

∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
h(k)ak
k=2
1−α
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
≤ h(2) ak
k=2
1−α
≤ 1.

Hence by Theorem 2.1, we conclude that Gµ,γ,η

0,z f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

Remark 3.1. The equality in (3.1) is attained for the function f (z) defined
by
c2 (1 − α)(2 − γ)2 (2 − µ + η)2
f (z) = z − 2 z2 (3.4)
4a (1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(2 − γ + η)2

4 Results on Modified Hadamard Product

Theorem 4.1. For the functions f (z) and g(z) defined by (1.2), let f (z) ∈
MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and g(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (ξ, β, λ). Then (f ∗g)(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (δ, β, λ),
where
(1 + β)(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
δ =1− (4.1)
(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(β − ξ + 2)h(2) − (1 − α)(1 − ξ)

for h(2) defined by (3.3).

The result is sharp for
(1 − α)
f (z) = z − z2
(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)h(2)
and
(1 − α)
g(z) = z − z2.
(1 + λ)(β − ξ + 2)h(2)

7
Proof. In view of Theorem 2.1 it is sufficient to show that
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (δ + β)]
h(k)ak bk ≤ 1 (4.2)
k=2
1−δ

for δ defined by (4.1).

Now, f (z) and g(z) belong to MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and MT µ,γ,η (ξ, β, λ), re-
spectively and so, we have
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
ak ≤ 1 (4.3)
k=2
1−α
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)]h(k)
bk ≤ 1. (4.4)
k=2
1−ξ
By applying Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to (4.3) and (4.4) we get
∞ p
X (1 + λ(k − 1)) [k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)] p
p h(k) ak bk ≤ 1.
k=2
(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
(4.5)
In view of (4.2) it suffices to show that
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (δ + β)]h(k)
ak b k
k=2
1−δ
∞ p
X (1 + λ(k − 1)) [k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)] p
≤ p h(k) ak bk .
k=2
(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
or equivalently, for k ≥ 2
p
ak b k
p
[k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)] (1 − δ)
≤ p . (4.6)
(1 − α)(1 − ξ) [k(1 + β) − (δ + β)]
In view of (4.5) and (4.6) it is sufficient to show that
p
(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
p
h(k)(1 + λ(k − 1)) [k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)]
p
[k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)]
≤ p (1 − δ)
(1 − α)(1 − ξ)[k(1 + β) − (δ + β)]

8
for k ≥ 2 which simplifies to
(k − 1)(1 + β)(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
δ ≤ 1−
(1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)[k(1 + β) − (α + β)][k(1 + β) − (ξ + β)] − (1 − α)(1 − ξ)
(4.7)
(a)k−1 (2 − γ + η)k−1 (2)k−1
where h(k) = for k ≥ 2.
(c)k−1 (2 − γ)k−1 (2 − µ + η)k−1
Notice that h(k) is a decreasing function of k (k ≥ 2) and thus δ can be
chosen as below
(1 + β)(1 − α)(1 − ξ)
δ =1−
(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)(β − ξ + 2)h(2) − (1 − α)(1 − ξ)
for h(2) defined by (3.3). This completes the proof.
Theorem 4.2. Let the function f (z) and g(z) be defined by (1.2) be in the
class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then (f ∗ g)(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (δ, β, λ) where
(1 + β)(1 − α)2
δ =1−
(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)2 h(2) − (1 − α)2
for h(2) given by (3.3).
Proof. Substituting α = ξ in the Theorem 4.1 above, the result follows.
Theorem 4.3. Let the function f (z) defined by (1.2) be in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
Consider ∞
X
g(z) = z − bk z k for |bk | ≤ 1.
k=2
Then (f ∗ g)(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
Proof. Notice that
∞
X
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)|ak bk |
k=2
∞
X
= (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)ak |bk |
k=2
∞
X
≤ (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)ak
k=2
≤ 1 − α using Theorem 2.1
Hence, (f ∗ g)(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

9
Corollary 4.1. Let the funcion f (z) defined by (1.2) be in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
X∞
Also let g(z) = z− bk z k for 0 ≤ bk ≤ 1. Then (f ∗g)(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
k=2

Next, we prove the following inclusion property for functions in the class
MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ)
Theorem 4.4. Let the functions f (z) and g(z) defined by (1.2) be in the class
∞
X
MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then the function h(z) defined by h(z) = z − (a2k +b2k )z k
k=2
is in the class MT µ,γ,η (θ, β, λ) where

2(1 + β)(1 − α)2

θ =1−
(1 + λ)(β − α + 2)2 h(2) − 2(1 − α)2

with h(2) given by (3.3).

Proof. In view of Theorem 2.1 it is sufficient to show that
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (θ + β)]h(k)
(a2k + b2k ) ≤ 1 (4.8)
k=2
1−θ

Notice that, f (z) and g(z) belong to MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and so

∞  2
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
a2k
k=2
1−α
" ∞
#2
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
≤ ak
k=2
1−α
≤1 (4.9)

∞  2
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
b2k
k=2
1−α
" ∞
#2
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
≤ bk
k=2
1−α
≤1 (4.10)

10
Adding (4.9) and (4.10) we get
∞  2
X 1 (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
(a2k + b2k ) ≤ 1. (4.11)
k=2
2 1 − α

Thus (4.8) will hold if

[k(1 + β) − (θ + β)] 1 [k(1 + β) − (α + β)]2
≤ (1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)
1−θ 2 (1 − α)2
That is, if
2(1 − α)2 (k − 1)(1 + β)
θ ≤1− . (4.12)
(1 + λ(k − 1))h(k)[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]2 − 2(1 − α)2
Notice that, θ can be further improved by using the fact that h(k) ≤ h(2)
for k ≥ 2. Therefore,
2(1 − α)2 (1 + β)
θ =1−
(1 + λ)h(2)[β − α + 2]2 − 2(1 − α)2
where h(2) is given by (3.3).

5 Extreme Points of MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ)

Theorem 5.1. Let
f1 (z) = z (5.1)
and
(1 − α)
fk (z) = z − z k , k ≥ 2. (5.2)
[1 + λ(k − 1)][k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
Then f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) if and only if f (z) can be expressed in the form
∞
X X∞
f (z) = λk fk (z) where λk ≥ 0 and λk = 1.
k=1 k=1
∞
X
Proof. Let f (z) be expressible in the form f (z) = λk fk (z). Then
k=1
∞
X (1 − α)
f (z) = z − λk z k .
k=2
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)

11
Now,
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k) (1 − α)
· λk
k=1
(1 − α) (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
∞
X
= λk = 1 − λ1 ≤ 1.
k=1

Therefore f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

Conversely, suppose that f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Thus,
(1 − α)
ak ≤ , k ≥ 2.
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
Setting
(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
λk = ak , k ≥ 2
(1 − α)
∞
X
and λ1 = 1 − λk we get
k=2

∞
X
f (z) = λk fk (z).
k=1

This completes the proof.

6 Closure Theorem
Theorem 6.1. Let the function fj (z) defined by (1.2) be in the class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).
X∞
Then the function h(z) defined by h(z) = z− ek z k belongs to MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ)
k=2
∞ ℓ
X 1X
where fj (z) = z − ak,j z k , j = 1, 2, . . . , ℓ and ek = ak,j , (ak,j ≥ 0).
k=2
ℓ j=1

Proof. Since fj (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ), in view of Theorem 2.1 we have
∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
ak,j ≤ 1 (6.1)
k=2
(1 − α)

12
 ℓ ℓ ∞
! ∞ ℓ
1X 1X X X 1X
Now fj (z) = z− ak,j z k = z− ek z k where ek = ak,j .
ℓ j=1 ℓ j=1 k=2 k=2
ℓ j=1
∞ ℓ
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k) 1 X
Notice that ak,j ≤ 1, using
k=2
(1 − α) ℓ j=1
(6.1). Thus, h(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

7 Integral Transform of the Class MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ)

For f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) we define the integral transform
1
τ (t)f (tz)
Z
Lτ (f )(z) = dt
0 t

where τ (t) is real valued, non-negative weight function normalized such that
Z 1
τ (t)dt = 1. Note that, τ (t) have several special interesting definitions.
0
For instance, τ (t) = (1 + c)tc , c > −1, for which Lτ is known as the Bernardi
operator.
Let us consider the function
δ−1
(c + 1)δ c

1
τ (t) = t log , c > −1, δ ≥ 0 (7.1)
Γ(δ) t

Notice that for c = 1 we get the integral operator introduced by Jung et al.
[3].
We next show that the class is closed under Lτ (f ) for τ (t) given by (7.1).

Theorem 7.1. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Lτ (f )(z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ).

Proof. By using the definition of Lτ (f ), we have

 δ−1
c 1
1 t log f (tz)
(c + 1)δ
Z
t
Lτ (f ) = dt
Γ(δ) 0 t
 δ−1 ∞
!
1
(c + 1)δ 1
Z X
= log tc z− ak tk−1 z k dt (7.2)
Γ(δ) 0 t k=2

13
Simplifying by using the definition of gamma function, we get
∞  δ
X c+1
Lτ (f ) = z − ak z k . (7.3)
k=2
c+k

Now, Lτ (f ) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) if

∞  δ
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k) c + 1
ak ≤ 1. (7.4)
k=2
(1 − α) c+k

Also, by Theorem 2.1, we have f ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) if and only if

∞
X (1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)
ak ≤ 1 (7.5)
k=2
(1 − α)
 
c+1
Thus in view of (7.4) and (7.5) and the fact that < 1 for k ≥
c+k
2, (7.4) holds true. Therefore, Lτ (f ) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and the proof is
complete.

8 Radius of Starlikeness, Convexity and Close-

to-Convexity
Theorem 8.1. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) is starlike of
order s, 0 ≤ s < 1 in |z| < R1 where

  1
(1 − s)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)] (k − 1)
R1 = inf . (8.1)
k (1 − α)(k − s)

Proof. Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) is said to be starlike of order s, 0 ≤ s < 1, if and only if

z(Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z))
′
 
Re >s (8.2)
(Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z))

or equivalently
z(Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z))
′
− 1 < 1 − s.
(Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z))

14
By simple computations, we get

(1 − s)[1 + λ(k − 1)][k(1 + β) − (α + β)]

|z|k−1 < , k ≥ 2.
(1 − α)(k − s)

Setting R1 = |z|, the result follows.

Theorem 8.2. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Gµ,γ,η

0,z f (z) is convex of
order c, 0 ≤ c < 1 in |z| < R2 where

  1
(1 − c)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)] (k − 1)
R2 = inf .
k k(1 − α)(k − c)

Theorem 8.3. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Gµ,γ,η

0,z f (z) is close-to-
convex of order r, 0 ≤ r < 1 in |z| < R3 where

  1
(1 − r)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)] (k − 1)
R3 = inf .
k k(1 − α)

Theorem 8.4. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Lτ (f ) is starlike of order
p, 0 ≤ p < 1 in |z| < R4 where
1
δ
 
(1 − p)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)](c + k) h(k) (k − 1)
R4 = inf .
k (1 − α)(k − p)(c + 1)δ

Theorem 8.5. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Lτ (f ) is convex of order
q, 0 ≤ q < 1 in |z| < R5 where
1
(1 − q)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)(c + k)δ (k − 1)
 
R5 = inf .
k k(1 − α)(k − q)(c + 1)δ

Theorem 8.6. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ). Then Lτ (f ) is close-to-convex

of order m, 0 ≤ m < 1 in |z| < R6 where
1
δ
 
(1 − m)(1 + λ(k − 1))[k(1 + β) − (α + β)]h(k)(c + k) (k − 1)
R6 = inf
k k(1 − α)(c + 1)δ

15
9 Integral Mean Inequalities for the Fractional
Calculus Operator
Lemma 9.1. Let f and g be analytic in the unit disc and suppose g ≺ f .
Then for 0 < p < ∞,
Z 2π Z 2π
iθ p
|f (re | dθ ≤ |g(reiθ )|p dθ, (0 ≤ r < 1, p > 0).
0 0

Strict inequality holds for 0 < r < 1 unless f is constant or w(z) = αz,
|α| = 1.

Theorem 9.1. Let f (z) ∈ MT µ,γ,η (α, β, λ) and suppose that

∞
X (1 − α)
|ak | ≤ . (9.1)
k=2
h(2)(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]

Also, let the function

(1 − α)
fj (z) = z + z j , j ≥ 2. (9.2)
h(j)(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]

If there exists an analytic function ω(z) given by

∞
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)] X
ω(z)j−1 = h(k)ak z k−1 ,
(1 − α) k=2

then for z = reiθ with 0 < r < 1,

Z 2π Z 2π
µ,γ,η p
|G0,z f (z)| dθ ≤ |Gµ,γ,η p
0,z fj (z)| dθ, (0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, p > 0).
0 0

Proof. By virtue of relation (1.8) and (9.2), we have

∞
X
Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) =z+ h(k)ak z k (9.3)
k=2

and
(1 − α)
Gµ,γ,η
0,z f (z) = z + zj . (9.4)
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]

16
For z = reiθ , 0 < r < 1, we need to show that
Z 2π ∞ p Z 2π p
X
k (1 − α)
z+ h(k)ak z dθ ≤ z+ z j dθ (p > 0)
0 k=2 0 (1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]
(9.5)
By applying Littlewood’s subordination theorem, it would be sufficient to
show that
∞
X (1 − α)
1+ h(k)ak z k−1 ≺ 1 + z j−1 . (9.6)
k=2
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]

Setting
∞
X (1 − α)
1+ h(k)ak z k−1 = 1 + ω(z)j−1 .
k=2
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)]

We note that
∞
j−1 [j(1 + β) − (α + β)](1 + λ(j − 1)) X
(ω(z)) = h(k)ak z k−1 , (9.7)
(1 − α) k=2

and ω(0) = 0. Moreover, we prove that the analytic function ω(z) satisfies
|ω(z)| < 1, z ∈ U .
∞
j−1 (1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)] X
|ω(z)| ≤ h(k)ak z k−1
(1 − α) k=2
∞
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)] X
≤ h(k)|ak ||z|k−1
(1 − α) k=2
∞
(1 + λ(j − 1))[j(1 + β) − (α + β)] X
≤ |z| h(2) |ak |
(1 − α) k=2
≤ |z| < 1 (by hypothesis 9.1)
This completes the proof of Theorem 9.1.

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