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Practical-3 Lathe Operations

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31 views5 pages

Practical-3 Lathe Operations

Uploaded by

adstrokemarketing
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Lab Manual

Practical No :

Aim: To Study of Demonstration of Lathe operations.

Working Principle:
The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports
called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly held and
supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work. The normal cutting operations
are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right anglesto the axis of the work.

LATHE OPERATIONS:

The lathe machine is an accurate and versatile machine on which many operations can be
performed. These operations are:

1. Turning
a. Plain Turning : Plain turning is the operation of removing excess amount of material
from the surface of a cylindrical job.

b. Step Turning : Step turning produces various steps of different diameters.


Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Lab Manual

2. Facing : The facing is a machining operation by which the end surface of the work piece is
madeflat by removing metal from it.

3. Parting : The parting or cutting off is the operation of cutting away a desired length of
theworkpiece, i.e., dividing the workpiece in two or more parts.

4. Drilling: Drilling is the operation of producing a cylindrical hole in the workpiece.

5. Reaming : The holes that are produced by drilling are rarely straight and cylindrical in
form.The reaming operation finishes and sizes the hole already drilled into the workpiece.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Lab Manual

6. Boring : The boring operation is the process of enlarging a hole already produced by drilling.

7. Knurling :

The knurling is a process of embossing (impressing) a diamond-shaped or straight-line pattern


into the surface of workpiece. Knurling is essentially a roughening of the surface and is done to
provide a better gripping surface.

8. Grooving : Grooving is the act of making grooves of reduced diameter in the workpiece.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Lab Manual

9. Threading : Threading is the act of cutting of the required form of threads on the
internal orexternal cylindrical surfaces.

10. Forming :
The forming is an operation that produces a convex, concave or any irregular profile on
the workpiece.

11. Chamfering operation:


It is the operation of getting a beveled surface at the edge of a cylindrical workpiece. This operation
is done in case of bolt ends and shaft ends. Chamfering helps to avoid damage to the sharp edges
and protect the operation getting hurt during other operations. Chamfering on bolt helps to screw the
nut easily.

12. Tapping:
Tapping is the operation of cutting internal threads of small diameter using a multipoint cutting tool
called the tap. In a lathe, the work is mounted on a chuck or on a faceplate and revolved at a very
slow speed. A tap of the required size held on a special fixture is mounted on the tailstock spindle.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Workshop Lab Manual

Machining Parameters:

Cutting Speed:- The cutting speed (v) of a tool is the speed at which the metal is removed
by the tool from the workpiece . In lathe it is peripheral speed of the work past the cutting
tool expressed in meters per minute.
𝜋𝑑𝑛 𝑚
Cutting speed =
1000 𝑚𝑖𝑛

d = diameter of work in mm
n = r.p.m. of work

Feed: the feed of a cutting tool in a lathe work is the distance the tool advances for each
revolution of the work . feed is expressed in millimeter per revolution.

Depth of cut:
The depth of cut (t) is the perpendicular distance measured from the machined surface to
the uncut surface of the workpiece.
𝑑1−𝑑2
Depth of cut =
2

d 1 – diameter of the work surface before machining.


d2 – diameter of machined surface.

Conclusion:
We discussed lathe has a wide range of applications in manufacturing industries. Performing any
operation on the lathe is much easier than other machines and learning about this machine is equally
easier.

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