Paper 1 – Set A Answer Key

Regn No: _________________

Name: ___________________
(To be written by the candidates)

5th NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

FOR
ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS- November, 2007

PAPER – 1: General Aspects of Energy Management & Energy Audit

Date: 17.11.2007 Timings: 0930-1230 HRS Duration: 3 HRS Max. Marks: 150

General instructions:
o Please check that this question paper contains 7 printed pages
o Please check that this question paper contains 64 questions
o The question paper is divided into three sections
o All questions in all three sections are compulsory
o All parts of a question should be answered at one place

Section – I: OBJECTIVE TYPE Marks: 50 x 1 = 50

(i) Answer all 50 questions
(ii) Each question carries one mark
(iii) Please darken the appropriate oval in the OMR answer sheet with HB Pencil or
Black Colour Ball Pen , as per instructions

1. The first major commercial energy consuming sector in the country is

a) industry b) agriculture c) residential d) transport

2. Select the source of stored mechanical energy

a) water b) compressed air c) coal d) electricity

3. Select the incorrect statement with respect to Carbon Monoxide (CO)

a) it is emitted into the atmosphere as a result of combustion processes, and from

oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds.
b) in urban areas, CO is produced almost entirely (90%) from road traffic emissions
c) CO at levels found in ambient air may reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the
blood.
d) it survives in the atmosphere for a period of approximately 1 year and finally
gets oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2).

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4. Choose the incorrect statement with respect to Designated Consumers as covered under
the Energy Conservation Act,2001

a) the designated consumer has to get energy audit conducted by a certified

energy auditor;
b) certified energy managers are required to be appointed or designated by the
designated consumers;
c) designated consumers would comply with norms and standards of energy
consumption as prescribed by the central government.
d) designated consumers to submit a report, in the form and manner as may be
prescribed, on the status of energy consumption at the end of the every financial year
to designated agency.
5. The country which has the largest share of proven oil reserve in the world is

a) USA b) China c) Saudi Arabia d) Iran

6. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 o C is
known as

a) specific heat b) sensible heat c) latent heat d) calorific value

7. The quantity of heat required to convert one kg of a solid into a liquid without change of
temperature is called

a) latent heat of fusion b) specific heat c) sensible heat d) heat capacity

8. kg of water per kg of dry air (kg/kg) is termed as

a) humidity b) specific humidity c) humidity factor d) relative humidity (RH)

9. For determining NCV from GCV, which of the following elements in fuel are required?

a) hydrogen b) moisture c) hydrogen & moisture d) carbon

10. If the reactive power drawn by a load operating on a three phase AC system is zero then
its power factor would be

a) zero b) unity c) less than unity d) more than unity

11. Apparent power consumption of AC 3 phase motors can be determined by using the
following relations.

a) 3 V I cosφ b) √ 3 V I c) √ 3 V I cosφ d) 3 V I
12. If the density of a liquid fuel is 850 kg/m3 then its specific gravity is

a) 0.85 b) 850 c) 1.176 d) none of the above

13. Which of the following is not true for a preliminary energy audit

a) estimate the scope for savings b) identify low cost/no cost measures
c) use existing or easily obtainable data d) construct an energy balance
14. Which of the following instruments is of contact type

a) stroboscope b) infra red thermometer

c) fyrite d) ultrasonic flow meter

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15. Energy management involves…

a) combination of technical and managerial skills b) only managerial skills

c) only technical skills d) only energy audit skills
16. Sankey diagram is a useful tool to represent

a) financial strength of the company to consider energy conservation projects

b) management philosophy to reduce waste
c) input and output energy flow
d) human resource strength of the company to have good house keeping
17. Water flow in pipes is measured by

a) pitot tube b) x-rays c) doppler effect d) electric fields

18. Energy management does not include

a) energy conservation b) satisfying regulations

c) decreasing unavoidable losses d) fuel substitution
19. In a coal fired boiler, hourly consumption of coal is 1000 kg. The ash content in the coal is
30%. If the boiler operates 24 hours/day and 5% of the ash formed is carried away by the
flue gas, the quantity of ash collected at the bottom of boiler per day will be

a) 6840 kg b) 7200 kg c) 1500 kg d) none of the above

20. A mass balance for energy conservation purpose does consider the following substance

a) steam b) water c) raw materials d) all of the above

21. In the material balance of a process which compound will not be considered on the input
side

a) chemicals b) air and water c) recycled product d) by-product

22. Water flowing at 5.56 litres per second into an empty 10m x 10m x 1m tank will fill the
tank in approximately

a) 5 minutes b) 25 minutes c) 28 minutes d) 300 minutes

23. Water in a tank is heated from 30oC to 70oC by using directly 20 kg of steam with an
enthalpy of 600 kCal/kg. The volume of water heated would be

a) 200 litres b) 300 litres c) 320 litres d) none of the above

24. An analysis which helps to unearth the positive and negative forces in an organisation is

a) energy action planning b) force field analysis

c) energy policy d) energy analysis
25. Energy efficiency improvement project requires for sure

a) a budget b) energy policy c) energy audit d) data validation

26. An oil fired boiler operates at an excess air of 30 %. If the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio is
13 kg of air per kg of oil and oil consumption is 200 kg per hour, then the mass of flue gas
liberated in kg/ hour would be

a) 3380 b) 2800 c) 3580 d) none of the above

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27. In a force field analysis one of the indicators below is not considered a negative force

a) low price of energy b) energy efficient technology available

c) low salary of staff d) insufficient financial resources
28. Which of the following is not a requirement for energy audit planning

a) feedback b) publicity c) metering d) budgeting

29. An investment of Rs 2,40,000 has a simple payback period of two years. The monthly
savings must be

a) Rs 8,000 b) Rs 10,000 c) Rs 9,600 d) Rs 12,000

30. Which of the following is not a project planning technique?

a) CPM b) PERT c) Gantt Chart d) CUSUM

31. Sensitivity analysis is an assessment of

a) cash flows b) risks due to assumptions

c) capital investment d) finance sourcing
32. For an investment which has fluctuating annual savings over its project life, which of the
following financial analysis techniques is the best?

a) NPV b) ROI c) Simple payback period d) IRR

33. A sum of Rs 50,000 is deposited in a bank at the beginning of a year. The bank pays 9%
interest annually. How much money in Rs. is in the bank account at the end of the fifth
year, if no money is withdrawn?

a) 54,500 b) 72,500 c) 76,931 d) none of the above

34. What is the ROI from a project which requires a capital cost of Rs.200 lakhs and having a
annual net cash flow of Rs.40 lakhs

a) 20% b) 40% c) 250% d) 125%

35. The future value of a cash flow in Rs. at the end of the 6 th year if the Present Value is
Rs 2.0 Lakhs and the interest rate is 9%.

a) 3,35,420 b) 3,08,000 c) 2,54,000 d) none of the above

36. The first step in a project development cycle is

a) start training b) identify project components

c) arrange finance d) implement the project
37. Which one of the following not the duty of an energy manager

a) prepare a scheme for efficient use of energy

b) prepare an annual activity plan
c) report to BEE and state level designated agency once a year
d) conduct energy audit
38. In any project, the critical path in the network is

a) the longest path b) the path in which the activity with highest duration falls
c) the path without any dummy activity d) the shortest path
39. In the first two months the cumulative sum is 8 and 8 respectively. In the next two
months Ecalculated is more than Eactual by 8. The energy savings at end of the fourth month

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would be
a) - 8 b) 24 c) 32 d) none of the above
40. The fixed energy consumption for the company is 2000 kWh/month. The slope in the
energy –production chart is found to be 0.4. If the company is to produce 90,000 tonnes
of product/month, the actual energy consumption per month is given by

a) 80,000 b) 34,000 c) 36,000 d) 38,000

41. A contract in which the costs are paid from all or part of the energy cost savings is called

a) guaranteed savings performance contract b) traditional contract

c) extended technical guarantee contract d) performance contract
42. The major difference between CPM and PERT is

a) CPM provides graphic and PERT does not

b) CPM uses single time estimates while PERT uses three time estimates
c) CPM is an expansion of PERT
d) PERT is an expansion of CPM
43. Fixed energy consumption can not be determined from

a) Gantt chart b) Sanky diagram c) Bar chart d) all the above

44. A firm pays Rs. 2 for 1 kWh of fuel oil. If the calorific value of fuel oil is 10000 kCal per
litre, the cost of one litre of fuel oil will be

a) Rs. 26.8 b) Rs. 11.62 c) Rs. 23.25 d) question does not make sense
45. The Calorific Value of coal is 4,200 kCal/ kg. Find out the oil equivalent of 500 kg of coal if
the Calorific Value of oil is 10,000 kCal/ kg

a) 420 kg b) 500 kg c) 210 kg d) 200 kg

46. Which of the following gas damages the ozone layer

a) CFC’s b) CO2 c) Nitrogen d) Argon

47. Which is a greenhouse gas

a) Nitrous Oxide b) Nitrogen c) Sulfur Dioxide d) none of the above

48. The Prototype Carbon Fund has been established by

a) United Nations b) United States c) World Bank d) Japan

49. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of carbon dioxide is considered as

a) 1 b) 18.7 c) 21 d) 270
50. One of the flexible instrument as stated in the Kyoto Protocol is

a) CO2 adaptation b) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

c) CO2 sequestration mechanism d) none of the above

-------- End of Section - I ---------

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Section - II: SHORT DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 8 x 5 = 40

(i) Answer all Eight questions

(ii) Each question carries Five marks

S-1 Name any five greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.

Answer:

(i) CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), (ii) CH4 (Methane), (iii) NOx (Nitrous Oxides),
(iv) H2 O(g) (Water in vapor form), (v) HFCs (Hydro Fluoro Carbons),
(vii) SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride), (viii) PFCs (Pero Fluoro Carbons)

S-2 An electric heater of 230 V, 3 kW rating is used for hot water generation in an
industry. Find electricity consumption per day (a) at the rated voltage (b) at 190 V.

Answer:
(a) Electricity consumption (kWh) at rated voltage = 3 kW x 24 hour =
72 kWh/day.
(b) Electricity consumption at 190 V (kWh) = (190 / 230) 2 x 3 kW x 24
hour = 49 kWh/day.

S-3 Which set of standard equipment does the energy auditor need to establish the
operational efficiency of an Induced draft fan? Assume that the operational efficiency
of the motor can be known from the performance chart of the motor.

Answer:

a kW meter for measuring input power to the motor

pressure manometers/ transducers to measure suction and discharge
pressure
a pitot tube arrangement to measure flow in order to assess the fan
efficiency.

S-4 How much steam is required in a heat exchanger to heat 50 kg/ hour of a process
fluid from 40O C to 100O C. The specific heat of process fluid is 0.24 kCal/kg OC and
the latent heat of steam is 540 kCal/ kg.

Answer:

Heat required per hour, m cp t 50 x 0.24 x (100-40) = 720 kCal/ hour

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Steam required 720/540

1.33 kg steam/hr

S-5 A thermal power plant uses 0.65 kg of coal to generate one kWh of electricity. If the
coal contains 54% carbon by weight, calculate the amount of CO 2 emissions/ kWh
generated under complete combustion conditions.

Answer:

C + O2 -------------------→ CO2

12 + 32 -------------------→ 44

1 kg of carbon gives 44/12 kg of carbon dioxide

CO2 emissions/kWh = 0.65 x 0.54 x 44/12

= 1.287 kg of CO2/kWh

S-6 Calculate the Net Present Value of a project at a discount rate of 16% with an
investment of Rs 50,000 at the beginning of the first year, and savings of Rs 15,000,
Rs. 18,000 and Rs. 20,000 respectively at the end of the first, second and third
year.

NPV = -50,000+(15000/1.16)+18000/(1.16x1.16)+(20000/(1.16x1.16x1.16))

= -50,000 + 12931 + 13377 + 12813

= (- 10879)

S-7 Explain briefly PERT.

The Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a network model that
allows for randomness in activity completion times.

PERT uses three time estimates, optimistic, most likely and pessimistic. This helps in
establishing the probability of completing a project within a specified time and take
calculated risks before commencing a project.

PERT has the potential to reduce both the time and cost required to complete a
project.

Note: Some candidates might have represented in the form of a diagram. Due consideration
may be given for the diagram.

S-8 A plant consumes 5,500 tons of furnace oil per year (GCV =10,200 kCal/kg), as well
as 34,000 MWh of electricity per year. Draw the pie-chart of percentage share of
each type of energy based on consumption in kCal (1 kWh = 860 kCal).
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5,500 tonnes x 10,200 kCal x1000 = 5.61 x 1010 kCal

34,000 MWh = 34,000,000 kWh
= 34,000,000 x 860 kCal
= 2.924 x 1010 kCal

Total consumption 5.61 + 2.924 = 8.534 x 10 10 of which 2/3 (65.7%) is oil

and 1/3 (34.3%) is electricity.

65.7% oil

34.%
Electicity

-------- End of Section - II ---------

Section - III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 6 x 10 = 60

(i) Answer all Six questions

(ii) Each question carries Ten marks

L-1 a) An energy auditor is trying to establish the operating power factor of a 15 HP/11.2
kW induction motor with full load efficiency of 90%.The motor is not connected with
any PF correction capacitors at motor terminals. The instrument to measure input
electric parameters to the motor displays the three numbers 5 kW, 2 kVAr and 0.928
PF. As an Energy Manger/Energy Auditor, do you fully agree with the instrument
display of Power Factor reading and its correctness?
b) Briefly mention about primary sources of energy?

a)
Rectangular triangle and Pythagoras yields (kVA) 2 = (kW)2 + (kVAr)2 .

Furthermore, PF = kW/kVA, and consequently

kVA =((kVAr)2 + (kW)2 )=(2)2 + (5)2 = 5.38516

PF = 5/5.38516 = 0.928

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This calculation agrees with the display of 0.928..

However it is unlikely that a 15 HP/11.2 kW motor operating at 40% load will

ever achieve a PF of 0.928. Consequently something is suspicious with the
instrument.

Therefore the answer is NO.

b)

Primary energy sources are those that are either found or stored in nature.

Common primary energy sources are coal, oil, natural gas and biomass.

Other primary energy sources found on earth include nuclear energy from
radioactive substances, thermal energy stored in earth’s interior and potential
energy due to earth’s gravity.

L-2 a) Define ‘latent heat of fusion’ and ‘latent heat of vaporization’?

b) Briefly define active, apparent and reactive power

Answer
a)

Latent heat of fusion (L) of a substance is the quantity of heat required to

convert 1 kg of solid to liquid state without change of temperature.

Latent heat of vaporization (L) of a substance is the quantity of heat

required to change 1 kg of the substance from liquid to vapor state without
change of temperature.

b)

Active power:
kW is the active power or the work-producing part of apparent power

Apparent power (Kilovolt Ampere (kVA))

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It is the product of kilovolts and amperes

This measures the electrical load on a circuit or system.

.
Reactive power

Reactive power (kVAr ) is the portion of apparent power that does no work.

This type of power must be supplied to all types of magnetic equipment, such as
motors, transformers etc.

L-3 Briefly explain the following terms:

a) Energy Management
b) Energy audit (as defined in EC Act 2001)
c) Production factor
d) Reference year Equivalent Energy Use
e) Plant energy performance

a) Energy Management

“The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize

costs) and enhance competitive positions”

(OR)

“The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures
so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or
reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”

b) Energy audit (as defined in EC Act)

As per the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, Energy Audit is defined as

“the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission

of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency
with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption”.

c) Production factor

Production factor is used to determine the energy that would have been required
to produce this year’s production output if the plant had operated in the same
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way as it did in the reference year.

It is the ratio of production in the current year to that in the reference year.

Current year ' s production

Pr oduction factor =
Re ference year ' s production

d) Reference year Equivalent Energy Use

The reference year’s energy use that would have been used to produce the
current year’s production output may be called the “reference year energy use
equivalent” or “reference year equivalent” for short.

The reference year equivalent is obtained by multiplying the reference year

energy use by the production factor (obtained above)

Reference year equivalent = Reference year energy use x Production factor

e)Plant energy performance

The improvement or deterioration from the reference year is called “energy

performance” and is a measure of the plant’s energy management progress. It is
the reduction or increase in the current year’s energy use over the reference, and
is calculated by subtracting the current year’s energy use from the reference
years equivalent. The result is divided by the reference year equivalent and
multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage.

Reference year equivalent - Current year' s energy

Plant energy performanc e = x 100
Reference year equivalent

The energy performance is the percentage of energy saved at the current rate of
use compared to the reference year rate of use. The greater the improvement, the
higher the number will be.

L-4 The details of activities for implementation of an energy efficient project is given
below:
Activity Preceding activity Duration (days)
A - 10
B A 9
C A 4
D C 7
E C 2
F E 3
G B, D 8
H D 4
I F,G,H 1

a) draw a PERT chart

b) find out the duration of the project
c) identify the critical path.

a)
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I=1

b) Duration = 30 days
c) Critical Path: A-C-D-G-I
L-5 An investment of Rs. 1.10 Lakh is made for a variable speed drive at the beginning of
the year, which is also the date of first operation. Savings expected over 4 years are
Rs. 28,000, Rs. 35,000, Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 40,000 respectively. Find out the IRR of
the project.

1,10,000 = 28,000/(1+r/100) + 35,000/(1+r/100)2 + 40,000/(1+r/100)3 +

40,000/(1+r/100)4

IRR = 11 % (app)

L-6 a) Determine the amount of moisture on a wet and dry basis for a waste sludge that has
30 kg of water and 20 kg of solids.

b) Milk is evaporated in a steam jacketed kettle at atmospheric pressure. 1000 kg milk is

charged per batch in the kettle. Milk is heated from 30°C to 100°C and boiled
continuously till 25% of the mass is evaporated. Determine the amount of dry
saturated steam at 1 kg/cm2 g required per batch excluding the heating of kettle.

Specific heat of milk – 0.9 kCal / kgOC

Latent heat of evaporation of water - 540 kCal /kg
Latent heat of steam at 1 kg/cm2 g - 525 kCal/ kg

a)
WET BASIS = 30 * 100 /(30+20) = 60%

DRY BASIS = 30 * 100/20 = 150%

b)
SENSIBLE HEAT REQUIRED = 1000 X 0.9 X (100 – 30)
= 63000 kCal

water evaporated = 1000 x 0.25 = 250 kg

latent heat for evaporating 250 of kg of water = 250 x 540 = 135000 kCal
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Total heat required = 135000 + 63000 = 198000 kCal

Steam required at 1 kg /cm2 g = 198000 / 525 = 377 kg

-------- End of Section - III ---------

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