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CSE211 - Unit-1

Computer orientation and programming

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13 views3 pages

CSE211 - Unit-1

Computer orientation and programming

Uploaded by

nabidulhassan229
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Computing Fundamentals


Computing fundamentals refer to the basic concepts of how
computers work. A computer is a machine that processes data. It
takes input (like typing on a keyboard), processes that data, and gives
output (like displaying text on the screen).
 Input: Any device or method used to provide data to the
computer (keyboard, mouse, etc.).
 Processing: The brain of the computer (CPU) processes this
data.
 Output: The result of processing, shown through devices like
the monitor or printer.
 Storage: Data is saved for future use on devices like hard drives,
USB drives, etc.

2. Computing Devices and Peripherals


Computing devices are machines that perform computing tasks.
Some common examples are:
 Desktops: Large computers typically used on desks.
 Laptops: Portable computers.
 Tablets & Smartphones: Small, portable devices with
touchscreens.
Peripherals are external devices that you connect to a computer to
add functionality. Examples:
 Input Peripherals: Keyboard, mouse, scanner.
 Output Peripherals: Monitor, printer, speakers.
 Storage Peripherals: External hard drives, USB flash drives.
3. Interfaces and Connectors
Interfaces are the ways different computer parts or devices
communicate. Connectors are the physical plugs that connect
devices. Common ones include:
 USB: Universal Serial Bus, used for connecting peripherals
(keyboard, mouse, etc.).
 HDMI: Used for connecting monitors, TVs, or projectors to
display video.
 Ethernet: Connects your computer to the internet or network.
 Audio Jacks: Used for headphones or speakers.

4. Internal Computer Components


These are the parts inside a computer:
 Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all
components.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer that
processes data.
 RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory that
stores data for running programs.
 Hard Drive/SSD: Where long-term data is stored.
 Power Supply: Provides electricity to all the components.

5. Windows Workstation: Setup, Evaluation, and Troubleshooting


A Windows workstation is a computer running the Windows
operating system. Here’s how to handle it:
 Setup: Installing and configuring Windows, setting up user
accounts, and connecting peripherals.
 Evaluation: Checking the system performance (how fast the
computer works), software updates, and system settings.
 Troubleshooting: Fixing common issues like slow performance,
application crashes, or hardware problems. You might use tools
like Task Manager (to check for running programs) or Device
Manager (to fix hardware problems).

6. Exploring Additional Desktop and Mobile Operating Systems


Apart from Windows, there are other operating systems:
 Desktop Operating Systems:
o macOS: Used on Apple computers.
o Linux: An open-source operating system with different
distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, etc.).
 Mobile Operating Systems:
o Android: Used on most smartphones and tablets.
o iOS: Used on iPhones and iPads.
Each operating system has its way of working, but they all manage
hardware, software, and user interactions similarly.

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