BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

MANAGEMENT
Yelahanka, Bangalore – 560 064

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
TOPIC: INTELLIGENT HEADLIGHT CONTROL
SYSTEM
Under the Guidance of : Dr. Prashant A.
Athavale

Submitted By:
1.Anamika Basu
(1BY16EE006).

2.Bhaskara Raju AV
(1BY16EE014).
3.Kislay Sinha (1BY16EE029).
4. Mujib Rahman Joya
(1BY15EE068).
2021-2022
Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Survey
Methodology
Hardware & Software Required
Gantt Chart
References
 Abstract
According to road accident data, majority of the accidents occur at
night. Visibility at night is major issue for safe driving.

Therefore negligent drivers continue to use high beam even though

oncoming vehicle is suspected. These high beams create glare for
oncoming drivers and cause temporary blindness.

To solve this problem, night time vehicle detection holds a great

importance. This paper reviews various attempts made to solve the
problem. The purpose of this paper is to discuss need of study, existing
relevant systems and related work, different approaches to solve
problem and various possible applications.

The survey shows that consideration of all types of vehicles can make a
system more robust. However, a simple and cost effective system
needs to be developed so that, it can be implemented in each vehicle.
 Introduction
Road transportation has brought enormous benefits both to society
and to individuals by facilitating movements of goods and people
and making easy access to a wide range of socio economic services.

The surge in motorization coupled with expansion of road network

has brought with it the challenge of addressing adverse factors such
as the increase in road accidents. Despite the fact that the traffic
volume is much lower, 42 percent of all traffic accidents occur after
dark, 58 percent are fatal accidents and 67 percent are pedestrian
fatalities.

Therefore vehicle detection during night time holds a great

importance for implementation of safety features in vehicles. ADAS
(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) which assist driver while
driving have been a popular research focus over the past few years.
 Literature Survey
1. Yuan et al. used Otsu's method and top-hat to detect and
count vehicles during the day and night based on a multiple
feature background model using morphology and color
difference. Although they used a split lane method, which
allowed for detection with low light sources, it also led to long
computation times and noise being misidentified as vehicle
lights.

2. Robert proposed incorporating windshield characteristics

into vehicle detection, which provides more stable detection
rates during the day when there is sufficient light; however,
due to the lack of light at night, detecting vehicle windshields
is more difficult and can result in errors.
 Continue
These systems provide various assistance functions such as
Autonomous cruise control, Blind Spot Information System, Cooperative
Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane departure warning, forward collision
warning, Adaptive Front-lighting System, Pedestrian Collision Warning
etc.

Many of these systems are implemented to their basic functionality

whereas some of them are being tested.

To improve road illumination and reduce accidents at night, detection of

preceding vehicles (travelling in the same direction of a host vehicle) as
well as oncoming vehicles (travelling in the opposite direction of a host
vehicle) is necessary.

Detecting vehicles based on their appearance features of light intensity.

For night time detection of vehicles, headlights and tail lights are the
most reliable features.
 Continue
[3] Zhang et al. [3] proposed the use of the Laplace of Gaussian
(LoG) filter to carry out edge detection. In their study, region of
interest (ROI) was not applied prior to detection, and, therefore, led
to unnecessary operations and longer post processing times for
headlight detection

[4] Sungmin Eum et al : proposed a system with the images

captured in two different settings namely low exposure and auto
exposure using a single camera module. A fixed thresholding is
applied to low exposure images whereas LoG filtering is applied to
auto exposure images so that significant features of images can be
obtained. These results are integrated for light blob detection. After
detection of headlights, kalman filtering algorithm is used for
tracking. Tracking is then followed by classification of blob into
headlight, taillight, street light or nuisance light using a pattern
recognition based classifier.
 Problem Statement
Vehicle driving during night is still an open area
for research since, a cost friendly solution to this
problem can only incorporate such system into
low budget automotive. However implementation
of such system is still a challenging task for many
automotive manufacturers.
 Proposed System

Approach to deal with this problem of

temporary blindness is by using light
intensity sensor and estimation of
presence of vehicle based on intensity of
light and near vehicle detected
automatically slowdown the intensity.
 Methodology

This method uses a light intensity sensor in order to detect

presence of incoming traffic in night scene. Sensor is usually a
photo sensitive device, LDR is used for detecting light intensity.
There is a linear relation among sensor output and light intensity.
Outputs of sensor are converted into digital form so as to
compare them against threshold. Threshold is useful to identify
presence of vehicle and it is fixed at a point where abrupt
intensity change occurs. In headlight glare from oncoming
vehicle is notified to that vehicle in LCD as well as direction of
headlights will be shifted and lights will be split.
Block diagram
 Hardware & Software Required
Component requirements

Hardware components
1. Arduino Microcontroller
2. LDR
3. Led’s Right Side
4. Led’s Left Side
5. Dc Motors
6. Servo Motors
7. Motor Driver Circuit
8. LCD Display

Software requirements
1. Arduino IDE
2. Embedded C
 Arduino microcontroller
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-
use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read
inputs –
1. light on a sensor, 2.a finger on a button, or a Twitter message,
3.turn it into an output - activating a motor,4. turning on an LED,
publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do
by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the
board.
 LDR (Light dependent resistor)

Introduction
LDR sensor module is used to detect the intensity of light. It is
associated with both analog output pin and digital output pin labelled as
AO and DO respectively on the board. When there is light, the
resistance of LDR will become low according to the intensity of light.
The greater the intensity of light, the lower the resistance of LDR. The
sensor has a potentiometer knob that can be adjusted to change the
sensitivity of LDR towards light.
Specification:
Input Voltage: DC 3.3V to 5V
Output: Analog and Digital
Sensitivity adjustable
 LED (Light emmiting diode)

We are going blink LED(Light emmiting diode) using

Arduino, A light-emitting diode (LED) is a
semiconductor device that emits visible light when
an electric current passes through it.
An LED consists of two elements of processed
material P-type and N-type semiconductors. These
two elements are placed in direct contact, forming a
region called the P-N junction.
 DC MOTORS

Common DC gear head motors need current above 250mA.

There are many integrated circuits like
ATmega16 Microcontroller, 555 timer IC. But, IC 74 series
cannot supply this amount of current. When the motor is
directly connected to the o/p of the above ICs then, they might
damaged.
To overcome this problem, a motor control circuit is required,
which can act as a bridge between the above motors and ICs
(integrated circuits). There are various ways of making H-bridge
motor control circuit such as using transistor, relays and using
L293D/L298
 SERVO MOTORS

The servo motor is most commonly used for high technology

devices in the industrial application like automation technology.
It is a self contained electrical device, that rotate parts of a
machine with high efficiency and great precision.
The output shaft of this motor can be moved to a particular
angle. Servo motors are mainly used in home electronics, toys,
cars, airplanes, etc.This article discusses about what is a servo
motor, servo motor working, servo motor types and its
applications.
 MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT

A motor driver is an integrated circuit chip which is usually

used to control motors in autonomous robots. Motor driver act
as an interface between Arduino and the motors . The most
commonly used motor driver IC’s are from the L293 series such
as L293D, L293NE, etc.
These ICs are designed to control 2 DC motors simultaneously.
L293D consist of two H-bridge. H-bridge is the simplest circuit
for controlling a low current rated motor. We will be referring
the motor driver IC as L293D only. L293D has 16 pins
 LCD DISPLAY

LCD Display : LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic

display which is commonly used nowadays in applications such
as calculators, laptops, tablets, mobile phones etc.
16×2 character LCD module is a very basic module which is
commonly used by electronic hobbyists and is used in many
electronic devices and projects.
16×2 LCD with Interfaced With a microcontroller
 Gantt Chart
Draw a suitable representation indicating the
manner in which the project would be executed -
from the start to the completion date
 References
[1] New Headlight Sensors Make Night Driving Safer, Road and Travel
Magazine,2007.[Online].Available:
http://www.roadandtravel.com/autoadvice/2007/highbeams.htm

[2] Feng Luo And Fengjian Hu , A Comprehensive Survey Of Vision Based Vehicle
Intelligent Front Light System, International Journal On Smart Sensing And Intelligent
Systems Vol. 7, No. 2, June 2014, pp. 701-723.

[3] Sungmin Eum and Ho Gi Jung, Enhancing Light Blob Detection for Intelligent
Headlight Control Using Lane Detection, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 14, NO. 2, JUNE 2013, pp 1003-1011

[4] P. F. Alcantarilla, Automatic LightBeam Controller for driver assistance , Springer-

Verlag Machine Vision and Applications September 2011, Volume 22, Issue 5 , pp
819-835

[5] Multibeam LED brings light into the darkness [Online]. Available:
https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedesbenz/innovation/multibeam-led-brings-
light-into-the-darkness
 References
[6] Lighting Assist - SmartBeam® [Online]. Available:
https://www.gentex.com/automotive/products/forward-drivingassist

[7] Mobileye Binary Headlamp Contol [Online]. Available:

http://www.mobileye.com/technology/applications/head-lampcontrol/binary-
headlamp-contol/

[8] Amiya Kumar Tripathy, Deepali Kayande, Joel George, Jerome John, Bejoy Jose , Wi
Lights - A Wireless Solution To Control Headlight Intensity , IEEE International
Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD-2015), Feb. 04– 06,
2015, Mumbai, India

[9] Mohammed Alsumady and Shadi. A. Alboon, Intelligent Automatic High Beam
Light Controller, ©2013 Old City Publishing, Inc. J. of Active and Passive Electronic
Devices, Vol. 00, pp. 1–8.

[10] Darko Juri´c and Sven Loncari´c, A Method for On-road Nighttime Vehicle
Headlight Detection and Tracking, IEEE Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2014
International Conference Vienna 3-7 Nov. 2014 , pp 655 – 660.