M E MO I R S

OF TH E

P R I N C E D E TA L L E Y R A N D

E D I TE D , W I TH A PR EF ACE AND N O TE S ,
BY

TH E D UC DE BR OG L I E
Of t/z e F i e n c /z A ca de my
'

TR A N S LA TE D B Y

R AP H A EL L E B OS DE BE A U F O R T, F R H I ST 8
. . . .

W I TH AN I N TR O D U C T I O N BY

TH E H O N O U R A BLE WH I TE LA W R EI D
A m e rica n M in is te r in P a ris

V O LU M E I

WI TH A N A U TOGR A P H L E TTE R A N D P OR TR A I TS

G R I FF I T H FA R R A N O K E D E N A N D WEL S H
N E W B E R Y H O U S E C H AR N G C O S S R OAD L O N D O N
, I R ,

AN D S YD N E Y
1 89 1
 P R E FA C E .

TH E Pri nc e de T a ll e yrand di e d on t he 1 7 th of M ay 1 8 3 8 .

O n t he J
l o th o f a nu a ry 1 m d
8 3 4 , he ha d
a e a will r e l a tiv e t o

t he divisi o n o f his fo rtu ne a m o ng his h e irs a nd t o t he v a ri o us,

b e qu e sts he l e ft as re m e mbranc e s t o his re l ativ e s fri e nds o r ,

s e rvants .

Tw o y e ars a ft e r o n O ct o b e r I 1 8 3 6 he add e d t o his will t he

, , ,

fo ll o wi ng d e cl arat i o n o f a v e ry diffe r e nt nature

,

This is t o be re a d t o my re l ativ e s t o my h e irs and t o my

,

priva te fri e nds as a s e qu e l t o my will — I n t he fi rst pl a c e I

, .
,

d e cl a re th a t I die in t he Cath o lic A p o st o lic a nd R o m an F a ith

,
.

I do no t wish t o sp e a k h e r e o f t he sh a re I h a d in t he v a ri o us

d e cisi o ns a nd m e asure s t ak e n by t he C o ns t itu e nt A ss e mbly o r ,

of my fi rst j o ur ne ys t o E ngl and o r t o A m e ric a

This p o rti o n o f my life will b e fo u nd in t he M m irs which e o ,

sh a ll b e pu blish e d s o m e day But I fe e l it a duty t o fur nish my

.

fa mily and t he p e rs o ns W ho displ ay e d fri e ndship o r simply

, ,

ki nd ne ss t o w ards m e w ith s o m e e xpl a nati o ns c o n c e rni ng t he

,

re sp o nsibility I ha d in t he e ve nts which h pp ne d in Fr nc e a e a

a ft e r my r e tur n fr o m A m e ric a .

I had r e sig ne d t he bish o pric o f A utu n a nd my r e sig nati n ,

o

h ad b e e n a cc e pt e d by t he P o p e by wh o m I h av e si nc e b e e n
,
v iii P R E F A CE .

s e cul ariz e d The i nstrum e nt o f my s e cul a riz ati o n is a nne x e d t

. o

my will I c o nside re d mys e lf fre e a nd my situ ati o n re quire d

.
,

th at I sh o uld fi nd my w ay I did s l ne fo r I did no t wish my

. o a o ,

future t o b e li nk e d t o a ny p o litic a l p a rty fo r th e y n n o f ,

o e

th e m t alli e d with my vi e ws I c a re fully c o nsid e re d the m att e r

.

a nd d e cid e d o n s e rvi ng Fr a n c e f o r he r s a k e a l o ne in wh at e ve r ,

situ ati o n she might b e pl a c e d : s o m e go o d w as to be d o ne in

e a ch Th e re fo re I do no t bl a m e mys e lf fo r h avi ng s e rve d
.
,

a ll the p o litic a l p a rti e s which rul e d Fr an c e fro m the Dire ct o ry ,

t o t he g o v e r n m e nt e xisti ng a t t he tim e o f my writi ng this .

A ft e r t he h o rro rs o f t he R e v o luti o n all th a t w as c a lcul at e d t o

,

l e ad o ne w ay o r t he o th e r t o o rd e r and s e curity w as us e ful ;

, ,

a nd a t th a t tim e s e nsibl e m e n c o uld wish f

, , o r no thi ng m o r e .

To r e st o r e m o na rchic al i n stituti o ns w a s a m a tt e r o f im p o s

s ib ilit
y in t he st a t e in which Fr anc e th e n w as To do so i nt e r .
,

m e di at e fo rms o f go ve r nm e nt— s e ve ral o f th e m —we re ne e d e d .

O ne c o uld no t e xp e ct e v e n t he sh ad o w o f ro y alty in t he

Dire ct o ry the spirit o fthe C o nv e nt i o n must pre d o mi nat e th e re ,

a nd so it did in r e a lity th o ugh in a mild e r fo rm

, ,
but by re a s o n ,

o f this spirit th a t g o v e r n m e nt w as n o t t o l ast l o ng

, I t p av e d .

t he w ay fo r t he C o nsul a t e which a lr e a dy c o nt a i ne d t he pri ncipl e

,

o f r o y a lty t h o ugh a s ye t in disguis e

, S o m e g o o d w as t o b e
.

d o ne th e re ; th a t fo rm o f g o ve r nm e nt p o ss e ss e d a r e m o t e it ,

is tru e but r e a l r e s e mbl anc e to m o narchy

, .

The imp e ri a l rul e which fo ll o w e d w as m o r e lik e a n a ut o cr acy

th a n a re gul a r m o narchy This is t ru e but at t he tim e whe n

.
,

B o nap art e put the cr o w n o n his h e a d w a r with E ngl and w a s ,

r agi ng aga i n ; o th e r w a rs we re immi ne nt ; t he spirit o f fa cti o n

w as r amp ant a nd t he s a fe ty o f t he c o u ntry might h ave be e n
,

j e o p a rdiz e d i f its rul e r had c o nfi ne d hims e lf to the e x e rcis e o f

 P R E F A CE . ix

t he s o l e pre ro gative s o f a simpl e ki ng I th e re fo re s e rve d t he .

Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n as I ha d d o ne t he Co nsul B o nap rt e : I

,
a

s e rve d him with l o y a lty o l o ng as I c o uld b e li e v e him e xclu

,
s

sive ly d e v o t e d t o Fr a n c e But as s o o n as I saw h im e nt e r o n

.
,

t he r e v o luti o na ry p a th which le d him t o rui n I l e ft t he c a bi ne t , ,

a nd f o r th a t h e ne v e r fo rg av e m e .

I n 1 8 1 4 t he B o urb o n s with wh o m si n c e 1 7 9 1 I had had n o

, , , ,

re l a ti o ns we re re ca ll e d Th e y we re so fo r t he o nly re a s o n th at
, .
,

t h e ir r e ig n w as d e e m e d m o r e fav o ur abl e th an a ny o th e r t o t he
re st so much ne e d e d by Fra nc e a nd by Euro p e I h ave re l at e d .
,

in my M e m o irs t he chi e f p a rt I pl ay e d in th at gre a t e v e nt a nd

, ,

t he r a th e r b o ld st e ps I t o o k in th o s e m e m o r abl e d ays The .

re c a ll o f the pri nc e s o f the H o us e o f B o urb o n w as no t t he

a ck n o wl e dgm e n t o f p re e xisti ng rights
-
I f th e y so c o nstru e d .

it it was ne ith e r o n my a dvic e no r with my a ss e nt fo r h e re is

, ,

my o pi ni o n o n the m atte r .

M o na rchs a re such o nly by virtu e o f public i nstrum e nts

which c o nstitut e th e m t he h e ads o f civil s o ci e ty Th e s e instru .

m e nts a re it is tru e irre vo c abl e fo r e a ch m o na rch a nd fo r his

, ,

p o st e rity so l o ng as t he re ig ni ng m o narch k e e ps withi n the

limits o f his o w n pr o vi nc e but if he att e mpts t o g o b e y o nd it ,

he l o s e s all right t o a titl e which his o w n a cts e ith e r h av e

b e li e d o r w o uld s o o n b e li e S uch b e i ng my o pi ni o n I h ave

.
,

ne ve r fo u nd it ne c e ss ary t o discl a im it in o rd e r t o a cc e pt t he

fu ncti o ns which I h ave disch arg e d u nd e r va ri o us go ve r nm e nts .

“
A s I no w in my e ighty s e c o n d y e a r c a ll t o mi nd t he
,
-
,

num e r o us e v e nts o f my p o litic a l life which has its e lf b e e n l o ng

, ,

a nd we igh th e m o n t he e v e o f e nt e ri ng i nt o e t e r n ity I fi nd as
, ,

t he r e sult :

Th at o f all t he g o ve r nm e nts I h av e s e rve d th e re is ,

 P R E F A CE .

no t o ne to which I h av e no t give n m o re th an I h av e
r e c e iv e d .

Th at I h av e ne ve r ab a nd o ne d a ny till it had fi rst o f a ll , , ,

a b a nd o ne d its e lf .

Th at I h ave ne ve r c o nsid e r e d t he i nt e r e sts o f any p a rty my ,

o w n o r th o s e o f my fri e nds b e fo r e t he t ru e i n t e r e sts o f Fr a nc e

, , ,

which b e sid e s are ne ve r in my O pi ni n c o ntra ry t o t he tru

,
o , e

i nt e r e sts f Euro p e
o .

This j udgme nt fo r which I a m a l o ne r e sp o nsibl e will I h o p e

, , , ,

b e c o nfirm e d by a ll imp a r t i a l mi nds a nd sh o uld t his j ustic e b e

r e fus e d m e wh e n I a m no l o nge r livi ng t he c o nvicti o n o f its

,
,

t ruth will ye t s e rv e t o bright e n my l a st d ays

My wish — a nd I c o nsig n it h e re givi ng it t he s a m e fo rc e as ,

my will — m y wish I s y is th a t t he writi ngs th a t I l e ave

,
a ,

b e hi nd m e b e publish e d o nly wh e n thirty y e ars d ati ng fr o m

, ,

t h e day o f my d e a th sh a ll h av e e l a ps e d in o rd e r th a t th o s e o f
, ,

wh o m I h av e ha d t o sp e a k b e i ng no l o nge r a liv e m ay no ne o f
, , ,

th e m h av t o suffe r fr o m wh a t t he truth m ay h ave c o mp e ll e d

,
e

m e t o sa y t o th e ir dis a dv n t ag e fo r I h av e ne v e r writt e n with

a ,

t h e i nt e nti o n o f hurti ng a ny o n e wh o e v e r h e might b e Thus

, .
,

e v e n thirty y e a rs a ft e r my d e a t h my M e m o ir a re o nly t o a pp e a r
,
s

if th o se o f my h e irs t o wh o m I l e av e th e m j udge th a t th e y c an ,

b e publish e d wi t h o ut i nc o nv e n i e n c e t o a ny o ne .

I a ls o e nj o i n t h e trus t e e o f my p a p e rs t o ne gl ct n o p re c a u e

t i o n th a t m ay b e ne c e ss ry o r a t l e a st c a lcul a t e d t o pr e v e nt o r
a , ,

d e fe at a ny furtive a tt e mpts t h a t m ay b e m ad e a g a i nst th e m .

Furth e r as in t he tim e s in which w e liv e w e a re i nu nd at e d

, ,

with spuri o us m e m o irs fo rg e d s o m e by st a rve li ngs o r c o v e t o us

, ,

ch a ra ct e rs o th e rs by c o w a rdly a nd u npri ncipl e d sc o u ndre ls

, ,

w ho in o rd e r t o e x e rcis e th e ir p a rty spit e with o ut risk t o th e m

,
 P R E F A CE . xi

s e lv e s d a re t o brand as fa r s li e s in th e ir p we r t he m e m o ry o f
, a o ,

t he gr e a t d e a d u nd e r wh o s e n a m e th e y spr e a d t he gr o ss e st li e s
,

a nd m o st a bsurd c a lum n i e s I e xpr e ssly ch a rg e t he trust e e s o f

,
-

my m anuscripts t o publicly p e re mpt o rily and with o ut d e l ay, ,

discl aim as I h e re by no w discl aim a ny writi ng wh at e ve r which

, ,

m ay ch a nc e t o b e publish e d u nd e r my na m e b e fo r e t he e xpirati o n

o f t he thirty y e a rs a b o v e sp ecifi e d .

V A L E N c A v , Octo ber 1 ,
1 83 6 .

( S igne d ) P R I N CE DE TA L L E Y R A N D .

This imp o rt a nt p ap e r has as m ay b e s e e n t w o v e ry , ,

diffe re nt aims i n V ie w .

The fi rst is t m a k e a pr o fe ssi o n o f p rinc ip le which M de

o ,
.

T a ll e yr and o nly submits t o t he j udgm e nt o f his c o nsci e nc e and

o f p o st e rity a n d which th e r e fo r e ne c e ssit at e s no c o mm e nt
,
.

Th e n fo ll o w pre scripti o ns re l ativ e t t he k e e pi ng a nd o

public ati o n o f his p ap e rs .

I t is fo r t h e s e l a tt e r o n ly and fo r t he m e a sur e s which had

,

to be ta k e n a cc o rdi ngly th at t he e dit o rs o f th e s e M e m oirs h ave

,

t o a cc o u nt .

Th e s e pre scripti o ns we re r e p e a t e d and c o mpl e t e d in a c o dicil

j o i ne d t o th will a nd i ns t rum e nt o f 1 8 3 6 d ate d M a rch 1 7 1 8 3 8
e , , ,

a nd c o uch e d in t h f ll o wi ng t e rms
e o

I , t he u nd e rsig ne d h re by d e cl a re th at t he D uch e ss e de
,
e

Di no as my u nive rs a l l e g at e e has a l o ne t he right o f c o ll e cti ng

, ,

a ll my p a p e rs a nd writi ngs w itk o t e x pt n i n o rd e r t o do ii ce io ,

with th e m wh t I h av e e nj i ne d he r a nd wh at she a lr e ady

a o ,

k no ws ; a nd I fo rbid he r t o divulg e in a ny w ay t he c nt e nts o

o f t he p a p e rs th a t I sh a ll le av e s ve a ft e r t he e xpirati o n o f,
a
xii P R E FA CE .

thirty y e ars a ft e r my d e c e as e ; neve rth e l e ss M de B ac o urt the , .

,

ki ng s mi nist e r a t B ad e n t o wh o m I give a nd b e qu e ath a

’

di a m o nd o f fi fty th o u sa nd fra ncs in v alu e which I b e g him t o ,

a cc e pt as a t o k e n o f my e st e e m and fri e n dship f o r him will b e ,

so g o o d in d e fa ult o f t he Duch e ss e de Di no a nd in th a t c a s e
, ,

o n ly th a t sh e d e p a rts this life b e fo r e mys e l f a s t o t a k e ch a rg e ,

o f a ll my u npublish e d p a p e rs th a t I h av e l e ft in E ngl a n d
”
.

Duch e ss e de Di no who w as s o o n a ft e r wa rds c all e d up o n

The ,

t o a ssum e t he titl e o f Duch e ss e de T a ll e yr and a nd S ag a n di e d ,

o n S e pt e mb e r 29 1 86 2
,
six ye a rs b e fo re the d at e fix e d by
,

M de T a ll e yr and fo r t he public ati o n o f his p ap e rs by his

.

h e irs .

The Duch e ss e de T a ll e yr and h ad no ne t he l e ss t ak e n full

a n d e ntir e p o ss e ssi o n o f a ll t he p a p e rs o f h e r u n cl e as sh o w n in ,

h e r will m a d e S e pt e mb e r 1 9 1 86 2 at S a gan a nd which b e ars

, , , , ,

in p a ragra ph 1 7 t he fo ll o wi ng i nj u ncti o n
,

p ap e rs o f my l at e u ncl e t he Pri nc e de T a ll e yr and

The , ,

which h ave b e e n h and e d o v e r t o m e in a cc o rd anc e with th e

i nstructi o ns c o nt ai ne d in his will a re t o b e fo u nd fo r t he m o st
, ,

p a rt in t he k e e pi ng o f M A d o lph e de B ac o urt ; s o m e o f th e m
, .

with t he ne c e ss a ry i nstructi o ns r e l ative t o th e m a re t o b e ,

fo u nd a m o ngst t he pr o p e rty disp o s e d o f in my will By this .

pre s e nt writi ng I o rd e r th at a ft e r my d e c e as e this p art o f t he

, , ,

p ap e rs a s we ll b e re mitte d t o M de B a c o urt w ho will re c e iv e

.
,

t h e m u nd e r t he s a m e c o nditi o ns fi x e d by my l a t e u ncl e as I ,

mys e lf r e c e ive d th e m .

M de B a c o urt w ho di e d A pril 2 8 1 86 5 did no t l o ng survive

.
, , ,

t he Duch e ss e de T a ll e yr a nd ; but e v e n duri ng t he life tim e o f

 P R E F A CE . ii i
x

t he Duch e ss e he had as we h ave j ust s e e n b e e n a ss o ci at e d with

, ,

h e r in t he k e e pi ng o f t he p ap e rs a nd th e ir cl a ssific a ti o n with ,

which t he illustri o us st at e sm an had ch a rge d he r H e had .

b e e n i nstruct e d by he r t o c o ll e ct all t he p ap e rs t h at had b e e n

l e ft he r th o s e th at had b e e n l e ft in E ngl nd j ust as w e ll as
,
a ,

th o s e th a t might ye t b e fo u nd in Fr anc e .

L e ft in s o l e p o ss e ssi o n o f this m a ss o f p a p e rs fo r thr e e y e ars ,

M de B a c o urt a ppli e d hims e lf with i nd e fatig abl e z e a l t o t he

.

t a sk o f r e visi ng th e m a nd pr e p a ri ng t he public a ti o n o f t he

JWe m o irs which fo rm e d a pri ncip a l p a rt o f th e m

, With this .

i nt e nti o n he had a rr ange d num e ro us no t e s c o mpl e m e nt a ry o r

, ,

e xpl a na t o ry b e a ri ng o n t he m o st imp o rt a n t p o i nts in t he life

,

o f t he pri nc e a nd o n th o s e o v e r which t h e gr e a t e st a m o u nt o f
,

c o ntro ve rsy had rage d Fi na lly he had ne gl e ct e d no m e a ns o f

.
,

e n l a rgi n g th e pr e ci o us trust c o n fid e d t o him by t he a cquisiti o n

,

o f a n umb e r o f u npublish e d d o cum e nts e m a na ti ng e ith e r fr o m

M de T a ll yr and hims e lf o r a ddre ss e d t o him by v a ri o us p e o pl e

. e , ,

o r which w e r e lik e ly t o thr o w s o m e fr e sh i nt e r e st o n his life .

I t w as a ssure dly with t he d e sig n th at this w o rk t o which he

, ,

had giv e n hims e lf with a n a lm o st r e ligi o us de v o ti o n sh o uld b e ,

c o nti n u e d a fte r his d e ath in t he s am e spirit in which he ha d

t re a t e d it hims e lf th a t he th o ught fit t o i ntro duc e i nt o his will
,

a numb e r o f i nj u ncti o ns o f which t he t e xt must b e lit e ra lly

,

re pro duc e d .

On cc o u nt o f t he a rra ng e m e nts m ad e in t he t wo wills

a

th a t I h av e j ust qu o t e d ( th o s e nam e ly o f the Pri nc e a nd o f t he

Duch e ss e de T a ll e yra nd ) I fi nd mys e lf c o mp e ll e d t o pro vid e
,

fo r t he c o ns e qu e nc e th a t might e nsu e if I di e d b e fo r e a e c o m
,

p ishing t he duty which has b e e n l a id up o n m e with r e sp e ct t o

l
xiv P R E F A CE .

t he p ap e rs l e ft by the Pri nc e de T a ll e yra nd which are a ll in my ,

p o ss e ssi o n .

I th o ught t he b e st pl an w a s t o ch o o s e a cc o rdi ng t o t he ,

cust o m ad o pt e d in E ngl and so c a ll e d Trustees o r p e rs o ns o f

, ,

trust w ho in c a s e o f my d e ath w o uld b e ch a rg e d I st To t a k e

, , ,

my p la c e as gu a rdi a ns o f t he s a id p a p e rs ; 2 nd t o pro vid e fo r ,

t he t im e fi x e d by m e fo r t he public a ti o n o f th o s e o f th e s e

p ap e rs which are d e sti ne d t o b e publish e d I h ave th e re fo re .

a pp o i nt e d f o r this purp o s e M C hé t e la in e x no t a ry livi ng in

.
,
-

P a ris N o 1 7 R u e d A nj o u S a i nt H o no ré a nd M P aul A ndra l

, ,
’
- -

, .
,

a b a rrist e r in pr a ctic e a t t he imp e ri a l c o urts a t P a ris dw e lli ng in ,

th a t city N o 1 0 1 R u e S a i nt L a z are w ho h av e b o t h willi ngly

, ,
-
,

a cc e pt e d t he missi o n I t hu s e ntrus t th e m with I r e quir e a nd c o m .

m a nd th a t th e s e tw o ge ntl e m e n b e i nfo rm e d imm e di at e ly a ft e r my

d e a th o f the pl ac e wh e re th e s e p a p e rs a re d e p o sit e d and t o ld ,

th at th e y a re th e re a t th e ir disp o s a l and th at m e a ns o f t a ki ng
p o ss e ssi o n o f th e m t o g e th e r with a ll ne c e ss ary m e asure s o f
,

s e curity fo r so d o i ng b e a ffo rd e d th e m I imp o s e as a sp e ci a l

.
,

i nj u ncti o n o n M M C h at e l a i n a nd A nd ra l th at no public ati o n

,
.
,

t ak e n fro m th e s e p ap e rs b e m a d e in a ny c as e wh a t e ve r b e fo re
, ,

t he y e a r e ight e e n hu ndr e d a nd e ighty e ight thus a ddi ng a t e rm -

o f tw e nty y e a rs t o th a t o f thirty fi x e d by t he Pri n c e de T a ll e y

’
ra ndf

M . B a c o urt a ddi ng s w e h ave j ust s e e n a fre sh p ro ro

de ,
a ,

a t io n o f twe nty y e a rs t o th a t o f t he thirty fi x e d by M d e

g .

Talle yiand m ad e u se o f a p o w e r r e s e rv e d by t he pri nc e hims e lf

,

t o his h e irs Th o s e w ho in th e ir tur n r e c e ive d the l e ga cy o f

.
, ,

M de B ac o u rt had no right t o e x e mpt th e ms e lve s fro m this

.

re stricti o n .
 P R E FA CE . xv

B e fo re t he e xpirati o n o f this pro r o gati o n o ne o f t h e m M , ,

.

C h at e l a i n ha d c e as e d t o liv e a nd ha d t o b e r e pl ac e d by his so n
, ,

a nd wh e n t he fi x e d t e rm h ad e l a ps e d his p a rt ne r M ,
A ndra l , .
,

w as a lr e a dy att ack e d by t he dis e a s e which in t he fo ll o wi ng y e a r ,

s natch e d him away fro m his s o rro wi ng fri e nds .

I t w as th e n o nly at t he b e gi nni ng o f t he curr e nt y e a r th a t I

w as i nfo rm e d o f t he h o no ur th a t my e v e r l am e nt e d fri e nd had

p aid m e by h andi ng o n t o m e t he a cc o mplishm e nt o f t he t a sk

,

Which the l ast will a nd t e st am e nt o f M de B ac o urt had imp o s e d

.

o n him a n d which his ill ne ss hi n d e r e d him fr o m c a rryi ng o u t

, .

N o thi ng had pre p a re d m e fo r it a nd no c o mmu nic a ti o n o n his

,

p rt had le d m e e ve n t o susp e ct it I ha d u nd e rst o o d a nd

a .

sh a re d t he imp ati e nce which the public had l o ng sh o w n fo r b e

c o mi ng acqu ai nt e d with a wo rk o f high va lu e and o ne which was ,

a l e gitim a t e o bj e ct fo r curi o sity But h o we ve r gre a t m ay

.

h ave b e e n t he wish o f M C hat e l a i n and my o w n in this r e sp e ct

.
,

it w as ye t ne c e ss a ry t o t a k e tim e in o rd e r t o ne gl e ct no c a re
,

d e m and e d by t he public ati o n o f a wo rk o f such imp o rt anc e .

I t will h a v e b e e n no tic e d ho w c a r e ful b o th t he Duch e ss e

de T a ll e yr a n d a nd M de B a c o urt w e r e t o st a t e th a t th e y w e r e
.

in p o ss e ssi o n f all t he p ap e rs o f t he pri nc e w itfi ou t excep t i n

o o ,

a nd th at n o thi ng c o uld e ith e r h av e b e e n t a k e n fr o m o r e sc a p e d

th e m The fe a r o f s e e i ng thro ugh o ut the l o ng yea rs o f sil e nc e

.
,

th at had b e e n imp o s e d up o n th e m the nam e o f M de T a ll e yra nd

, .

a t t he h e a d o f fi ctiti o us m e m o irs ; a nd a p o cryph a l d o cum e nts

which wo uld h ave misre pre s e nt e d him ( s but t o o o fte n h app e ns a

in the c a s e o f c e l e br at e d m e n) h ad e vid e ntly d e e ply

,
ffe ct e d a

th e m I t is aga i nst all abus e a nd fo rge ry o f this ki nd th a t

.

the y fi rmly pro te st e d b e fo re h a nd r e m ai ni ng faithful in this

,

t o t he th o ught th at ha d dict a t e d t M de T a ll e yrand hims e lf

o .
xv i P R E F A CE .

t he i nj u ncti o n he g ave his h e irs in t he i nstrum e nt o f 1 83 6 t o ,

pre s e rv e his m e m o ry fro m all stea ltky public a ti o n .

This pre c a uti o n v e ry natura l in its e lf w as m o re o ve r

, ,

e sp e ci ally j ustifi e d by t he k no wl e dg e o f a ve ry s e ri o us f ct a ,

a nd o ne o f which t he c o ns e qu e n c e s ha d e v e n b e fo r e t he d e a th

o f M de T a ll e yr a n d c a us e d a n a nxi e ty t o hims e lf a nd his fa mily

.

th at m ay e a sily b e u nd e rst o o d .

A s e cre t a ry w ho had e nj o y e d h is c o nfid e nc e thr o ugh o ut t he

y e a rs in which e ith e r as mi nist e r o r a mb a ss ad o r he h d b e e n

, ,
a

ch rge d with t he grav e st i nt e re sts o ft he S t a t e had b e e n dismiss e d

a ,

a ft e r twe nty y e a rs o f this i nti m a t e s e rvic e fo r su ffici e ntly s e ri o us

re a s o ns a nd a lth o ugh t he pre c a uti o n o f d e m a ndi ng fro m him t o
d e live r up a ny pi e c e s th a t might b e in his b ands w as by no
m e ans ne gl e ct e d it w as no t l o ng b e fo re it was fo u nd th a t no t
,

o n ly ha d this r e stituti o n b e e n f a r fr o m c o mpl e t e but th t t he ,

a

s e cre t ary thus dismiss e d b o ast e d o f h avi ng k e pt b a ck m o re

,

t h a n o ne imp o rt a nt d o cum e nt which h e thre a t e ne d t o m a k e

,

u se o f with o ut
,
t he p e rmissi o n o f his o ld p atr o n a nd with ,

t he e xpr e ss purp o s e o f d o i ng him h a rm .

Wh at m ad e t he c o nduct o f this faithl e ss age nt as d a nge ro us

a s r e pr e h e n sibl e w a s th at duri ng th e s e y e a rs o f fa mili a r i nt e r
,

c o urs e wi t h M de T a ll e yr and he ha d l e arnt t o c o u nt e rfe it his

.
,

h a ndwriti ng in such a m a nne r as t o d e c e ive tho s e w ho o ught t o

,

b e b e st a cqu a i nt e d with it a nd it w as s o n fo u nd th a t he ha d
,
o

turne d this p altry t a l e nt t o adva nt ag e by circul ati ng as h avi ng

e m a na t e d fr o m M de T a ll e yr a nd writi ngs fo rg e d o r fa lsifi e d o f
.
, , ,

such a ch aract e r as t o c a us e u npl e as a nt ne ss in his r e l ati o ns

with his fa mily a nd fri e nds and t o a ccre dit t he m o st i nfa m o us
,

a ccus a ti o ns a g a i nst hi m .

C h a nc e a ll o w e d M de B a c o urt t o ge t g e nui ne a nd u nd e ni a bl e
.
 P R E F A CE . xv i i

pro o fs o f this fr aud th e s e he put i nt o a sp e ci al drawe r am o ngst

his p ap e rs wh e r e t h e y are still With r e sp e ct t o the rigi na l
. o

l e tt rs o f M de T a ll e yrand he has pro duc e d fa csimil e s fo u nd

e .
, ,

a m o ng t he p ap e rs o f t he c o pyist so cl o s e ly re s e mbli ng t he ,

o rigi na ls th a t th e y c o uld no t b e d isti nguish e d fr o m th e m w e r e it ,

n o t th a t c e rt ai n s e nt e nc e s m a nife stly i ntr o duc e d with e vil i nt e nt

, ,

b e tr ay the imp o sture .

I t is thus no t di fficult t o c o n c e iv e t he a nxi e ty which t he

ex e cut o rs o f t he will o f M de T a ll e yr and must h av e e xp e ri e nc e d

.

wh e n thre e d ays a ft e r his d e ath M ay 20 1 8 3 8 t he E nglish

, , , ,

p ap e r t he Tim es publish e d t he fo ll o wi ng
, ,

With re gard t o t he p o litic a l M e m oirs o f M de T a ll e yrand .

,

it is w e ll k no w n th a t th e y w e re o nly t o se e the light thirty ye a rs

a ft e r his d e a th but his s e cr e t a ry M
,
P e rre y b e i ng p o ss e ss e d o f
,
.
,

a l a rg e p o rti o n o f the m anuscript it is b e li e ve d th a t the ,

i nt e nti o ns o f the d e c e as e d will no t b e r e a lis e d e xc e pt at t he c o st ,

o f a gr e a t p e cu n i a ry s a crific e A m o ngst t he p a p e rs th a t M
. .

P e rre y is k no w n t o p o ss e ss are s atiric a l p o rtraits o f m o re th a n

,

a hu ndr e d o f o u r c o nt e mp o r a ri e s .

Le t us add th at the Tim es na m e d as a m o ng th e s e co n

t e mp ra ri e s a ll t he p e rs o na l fri e nds o f M de T a ll e yra nd a nd
o .

his f mily
a .

I t is tru e th a t e ight d ays l at e r o n M ay 2 8 M P e rre y , ,

.

hims e lf ( the Tim es b e i ng t he p ap e r th at had m e nti o ne d his nam e

in t he m att e r) in a l e tt e r a ddr e ss e d t o it d e n i e d t he a ll e g ati o n , ,

and s a id th a t he w as r e a dy t o bri ng a n a cti o n b fo r e t he c o ur t s e

a g a i nst wh o ms o e ve r sh o uld v e nture t o u se his na m e in o rd e r t o

give s o m e app e ar nce o f a uth e nticity to the s e s c a ll e d writi ngs
a o -

o f M de T all e yr a nd
. But wh at we ight did this discl aim e r c arry
. ,

V OL . I .
x viii P R E F A CE .

a discl aim e r which c o uld no t b e disp e ns e d with with o ut all o wi ng ,

t he sh ad o w o f crimi na l dish o ne sty t o r e st up o n o ne s s e lf and

’

wh at fo u nd ati o n was th e re fo r t he a ll e g ati o n o f t he Tim es H a d

M P e rr e y att e mpt e d this pro c e ss o f re pro ducti o n a mplifyi ng
.
,

a nd a lt e ri ng a t which he w as k no w n t o b e a n a d e pt o n s o m e
, ,

st o l e n fragm e nts o f the M e m o irs o r o n s o m e no t e s pre p a re d

,

fo r th e ir public a ti o n ? I f he ha d att e mpt e d a nythi ng o f this

ki nd wh at gu a ra nt e e w as th e re th at he ha d d e stro ye d a ll tra c e
,

o f it a nd w as th e r e no risk o f its b e i ng i ntr o duc e d t o t he ubli c

, p
thro ugh s o m e i nt e rm e di a ry t o wh o m he might h ave giv e n it
,

gratis o r fo r a m o ne y c o nsid e rati o n

N o pr e c auti o n wh at e v e r w as th o ught sup e r f lu o us by t he

Duche ss e de T a ll e yrand and M de B ac o urt ; a nd in o rd e r t o

.
,

re nd e r a ll ch all e nge o r c o nfusi o n imp o ssibl e M de B ac o urt ,

.

u nd e rt o o k t o transcrib e with his o w n h and t he t e xt o f t he

M e m irs as he had r e c e iv e d it fr o m M de T a ll e yr and with t he
o ,
.
,

c o mpl e m e nt a ry no t e s a nd d o cum e nts .

This c o py is m e nti o ne d in t he i nv e nt o ry o f the p ap e rs o f

M de B a co urt subj o i ne d t o his will in t he fo ll o wi ng t e rms
.
,

F o ur v o lum e s b o u nd in l e ath e r which fo rm t he o nly

, ,

c o mpl e t e a nd a uth e ntic c o py o f Pri nc e T a ll e yra nd s M e m oirs ’

d o ne by M de B a c o urt fro m t he o rigi na l m a nuscripts dict at e d

.
,

d o cum e nts a nd c o pi e s wh o s e purp o s e M de T a ll e yrand had

,
.

i ndic at e d t o him .
”

Furth e rm o re t he fi rst o f th e s e fo u r vo lu m e s b e a rs on its

l a st p age t he fo ll o wi ng d e cl ara ti o n

u nd e rsig ne d t e st am e nt ary e x e cutrix

I , t he ,
of my l at e u ncl e ,

Ch a rl e s M auric e Pri nc e de T a ll e yr and d e cl a r e

-
, ,
a nd c ertify th at
 P R E F A CE . xix

t he pre s e nt fo li o v o lum e c o nt ai ni ng fi e hu ndre d a nd o ne h and

,
v

writt e n p age s c o mpris e s the o nly o rigi nal c o mpl e t e and fa ithful
, , ,

c o p y o f t he first fi v e p a rts o f his M e m oirs a nd o f a fr agm e nt o n ,

the D u e de C h o is e ul l e ft by t he Pri nc e de T a ll e yr and P e rig o rd

’
-
.

S AGA N M y , 85 8
a 20 , 1 .

D O R OTH EE D E CO U R L A N D E ,

D U C H E SS E D E TA L L E YR A N D E T D E S A G A N .

d e cl arati o n simil a r in all re sp e cts

A , a nd b e ari ng t he s am e
sig nature cl o s e s the s e c o nd vo lum e
, .

A t t he third it is M
e nd o f t he , . de B ac o urt s o l e survivo r
, , w ho

thus e xpre ss e s hims e lf

u nd e rsig ne d t e st a m e nt ary e x e cut o r o f t he l at e Pri nc e

I , t he ,

Ch arl e s M auric e de T a ll e yr and P erigo rd and o f the Duch e ss e

- -
,

de T a ll e yr and and S agan Pri nc e ss e de Co u rla nde d e cl ar e and

, ,
.

c e rtify th at the pre s e nt fo li o vo lum e o f fiv e hu ndre d and six

m a nuscript p age s c o mpris e s the s o l e o rigi na l c o mpl e t e and , ,

a uth e ntic c o py o f t he e ighth ni nth a nd t e nth p arts o f t he

, ,

M e m oirs l e ft by Pri nc e Ch a rl e s M a urice de T a ll e yr and P erigo rd

- -
.

A D D E BA C O U R T . .

B AD E N j n y
, a 86 3uar 20 , 1 .

N o d e cl a rati o n is fo u nd a t the e nd o f t he fo urth vo lum e fo r ,

t he r e as o n th a t t he l a st p a rt o f this v o lum e w as t o h av e

b e e n c o mpl e t e d by subj o i ne d e xtra cts wh o s e c o mpl e t e tra n ,

scripti o n w as no t a cc o mplish e d wh e n d e a th o ve rt o o k M de .

B ac o urt .

I t is fr o m t he t e xt pr e p a r e d fo r pr e ss by t he v e ry p e o pl e

wh o m M de T a ll e yrand had ch a rge d with d o i ng so and

.
,

a cc o rdi ng t o t h e i nstructi o ns th at th e y h e ld o f him th at ,

i 2
xx P R E F A CE .

t he pre s e nt public ati o n is m a d e N e ith e r suppre ssi o n no r

.
,

e v e n t o ni ng d o w n h ave in a ny d e gre e b e e n a ll o we d Only

, .

s o m e o f t he no t e s pr e p ar e d by M de B ac o urt h ave b e e n .

o mitt e d o wi ng t o th e ir h avi ng by this tim e l o st th e ir i n t e r e st

, , , .

O n t he o th e r h and o th e r no t e s a c o n sid e r a bl e numb e r o f th e m

, , ,

h ave b e e n add e d c o nt a i ni ng e ith e r bi o gr aphic a l i nfo rm ati o n

,

c o nc e r ni ng p e rs o ns m e nti o ne d in the M e m o irs o r e xpl anati o n ,

o f fa cts r e p o rt e d in th e m o f which t h e r e ad e r o f t o da
y might
-

no t h av e r e t ai ne d a su ffici e ntly cl e a r re c o ll e cti o n .

With re g a rd t o t he writi ng re l ative t o t he mi nist ry o f t he

D u e de C h o is e ul m e nti o ne d in t he d e cl ar ati o n o f t he Duch e ss e
,

de T a ll e yr a nd M de B a c o urt th o ught th a t it o ught t o a pp e a r

, .

at the h ea d o f the fi rst p a rt o f t he M m o irs a lth o ugh it e ,

w o uld no t natura lly fi nd a pl ac e th e re h avi ng b e e n c o mp o s e d at

,

a l a t e r d at e. But it has b e e n fo u nd m o re c o nve ni e nt t o pl ac e

this d e t ach e d d o cum e nt at the e nd o f t he l a st vo lum e wh e re ,

s o m e o th e r writi ngs o f M de T a ll e yrand th a t h av e b e e n e ith e r

.

u npublish e d hith e rt o o r fo rg o tt e n but which m ay still b e re ad

, ,

with i nt e re st will a ls o b e r e l e g a t e d
,
.

T he twe lve p arts o f which t he M em oirs a re c o mp o s e d will

b e fo u nd t o b e v e ry fa r fr o m fo rmi ng a c o mpl e t e a nd co n

se c u t iv e wh o l e Th e y c a n b e divid e d i nt o t w o disti nct p o rti o ns

. .

The fi rst e xt e nds fr o m M de T a ll e yr a nd s birth t o 1 8 1 5 b e i ng

’
.
,

t he cl o s e o f his mi nistry u nd e r L o uis X V I I I Th e re a re .

cl e ar i ndic ati o ns t o sh o w th at this p o rti o n o f t he M e m o irs w as

draw n up duri ng the R e st o rati o n The s e c o nd c o mm e nc e s
.

a ft e r t he r e vo luti o n o f 1 8 3 0 with the e mb a ssy o f M de

,
.
xxu P R E F A CE .

d o e s no t m e re ly app e ar to b e th at o f disd ai n it is r athe r a s o rt

o f r e s o luti o n t a k e n t o o ccupy t he a tt e nti o n o f his r e ad e rs with

no thi ng th a t c o n c e r ns hims e lf a l o ne but t o re s e rv e all th e ir

,

a tt e nti o n fo r t he gr e a t p o litic a l a nd na ti o na l i nt e r e sts wh o s e ,

fat e he h e ld o n s e ve ra l o cc asi o ns in his o w n h ands a nd fo r

, , ,

which Fr anc e and p o ste rity h av e t he right t o d e m and a cc o u nt .

I f such has b e e n his o bj e ct ( a nd e ve rythi ng l e a ds t o this

c o nvicti o n) if he has re a lly th o ught ne ith e r o f s atire pl e adi ng

, , ,

no r c o nfe ssi o n o f a ny ki nd but m e re ly o f sh o wi ng th a t t he

,

fo rtu ne o f Fr anc e had no t l o st by b e i ng e ntrust e d t o his c a re ,

he c o uld sc arc e ly h av e fo u nd a b e tt e r w ay o f cl e a ri ng his

m e m o ry fro m the a ccus ati o ns which h avi ng ne ve r b e e n sp are d

, ,

him in his life tim e we re no t like ly t o b e sp a re d him in the

,

gr ave Th e re h ave b e e n e rro rs a nd mist ak e s in the private life

.

o f M de T a ll e yr and which no o ne h as a right t o j ustify si nc e

.
,

s o m e o f th o s e he hims e lf o f his o w n fre e will s o l e m nly re

, ,

tract e d o n the p o i nt o f d e a th H is p a rt in h o m e p o litics duri ng

.
,

t he v a ri o us ph as e s o f t he R e v o luti o n in which he mix e d will ,

a lw a ys giv e ris e t o di ffe re nt j udgm e nts ; a nd as he b e l o nge d

t o no ne o f t he p arti e s i n t o which Fr anc e w as a t th at tim e

di vid e d th e re is no o ne but b e li e ve s hims e lf j usti fi e d in

,

s e ve re ly criticisi ng s o m e o f his a cti o ns But wh e n he had t o

.

d e fe nd wh e the r as a mb ass ad o r o r mi nist e r t he gre at ne ss a nd

, ,

i nd e p e nd e nc e o f his c o u ntry in t he fa c e o f t he fo re ig ne r ( fo e ,

rival o r ally ) it wo uld b e di ffi cult t o qu e sti o n a nd it will be

, , ,

fo u nd th at he has no t e x agge r at e d t he imp o rt anc e o f t he

,

s e rvic e he has r e nd e re d .

To do him full j ustic e in this r e sp e ct o ne must no t st ay ,

a t t he r e cit a l he giv e s o f t he a cti o n he w as e na bl e d t o t a k e a s

mi nist e r o f t he D i re ct o ry o r o f t he First Empire H e hims e l f .

 P R E FA CE . x xiii

p ass e s fa irly quickly o ve r th e s e fi rst ph as e s o f his mi nist e ri l a

c a re e r and h o we ve r gre at b e t he e ve nts which fo ll o w e ach o th e r

,

a t th a t tim e if h e o ft e n dr aws a pictur e o f th e m with t he a rt

,

o f a c o nsumm at e hist o ri a n it is r a th e r as a wit ne ss th an as a n

, ,

a ct o r in th e m th a t he sp e a ks H e l e av e s his r e ad e r t o u nd e rst and

.

th at wh at e ve r high o ffi c e he at th at tim e h e ld his p o we r w as

, , , , ,

in r e a lity but n o mi nal H e o nly c a rri e d o u t de cisi o ns th at he

.

had as o ft e n as no t first c o mb a t e d
, ,
B e i ng u nabl e e ith e r .

t o m a k e hims e lf u nd e rst o o d by t he i nc ap abl e upst a rts o f t he

R e v o luti o n o r list e ne d t o by a n imp e ri o us m ast e r w ho o nly a sk e d

,

c o u ns e l o f his ge nius o r o f his p assi o ns a ll his i nge nuity w as ,

e mpl o y e d a ft e r
,
givi ng a dvic e which w as no t fo ll o we d in ,

r e p a iri ng t he faults which he w o uld ne ve r h ave c o mmitt e d .

I t is at t he C o ngr e ss o f V i e nna a ft e r t he R e st o r a ti o n a t t he
, ,

e mb a ssy a t L o nd o n a ft e r 1 8 3 0 th at i nv e st e d with t h e full c o n

, , ,

fi de nce o f t he s o v e re ig ns wh o m he r e pr e s e nt e d he sh o w e d ,

hims e lf fre e t o a c t as he w o uld .

I n th e s e t wo circumst a n c e s t he m o st brilli a nt o f his l o ng

,

c a re e r a nd which naturally h o ld the fo re m o st pl a c e in t he

,

v o lum e s no w submitt e d to the re a d e r T a ll e yrand gave dipl o ,

m a cy a pl ac e such a it p e rh aps had ne ve r b e fo re e nj o ye d a nd

s ,

imp a rt e d t o t he p e rs o n o f an a mb ass ad o r an imp o rt anc e a lm o st

wi t h o ut pr e c e d e nt in hist o ry A s a ge ne r a l rul e t he m o s t
.
,

re no wne d a mb ass ad o rs h ave o nly b e e n the fo rtu nat e i nt e rpre t e rs

o f a th o ught th at w a s n o t th e ir o w n a nd t he cl e v e r e x e cut o rs o f
,

d e sig ns h and e d t o th e m by th o s e a b o ve th e m in ffic e Wh at o .

wo uld F ath e r J o se ph h v e b n with o ut R ich e li e u Th e ir cre dit

a ee
,

b e sid e s d e p e nds l e ss o n th e ir o w n m e rits th a n o n t he use th e y

, ,

k n w ho w t o m ak e o f t he fe a r o r t he c nfid e nc e which t he
o o

go ve r nm e nts th at th e y re pre s e nt i nspir e Wh at wo uld the gre at .

 i
xx v P R E F A CE .

ne go ti a t o rs o f the p e a c e o f We stph a li a o r o f th at o f t he Pyr e ne e s

,

h ave be e n with o ut t he vict o ri e s o f C o ndé a nd Tur e nne ? N o

,

supp o rt o f this ki nd c am e to T a ll e yra nd o n t he t w o o cc asi o ns o n

which all the i nt e re sts o f o u r c o u ntry w e re e ntrust e d t o him .

I n t he o ne as in t he o th e r he had t o r e ly up o n hims e lf a l o ne
, .

A t V i e nna he pr e s e nt e d hims e lf b e fo r e fo ur vict o ri o us

,

p o we rs cl o s e ly u nit e d a nd still u nd e r a rms ; he sp o k e in

, ,

t he nam e o f a m o na rchy re st o r e d a ft e r tw e nty fi v e y e a rs o f

‘
-

tro ubl e o n a t o tt e ri ng b a sis in a c o u ntry still c o ve r e d with

, ,

fo re ig n tro o ps wh o s e d e cim at e d a rmy w as no t e ve n l o y al

, .

B e fo re t he c o ngre ss had fi nishe d its wo rk t he sa d mish a p ,

o f t he H u ndr e d D a ys r e duc e d him to t he a lm o st ridicul o us

p o siti o n o f a mb a ss ad o r o f a n e xil e d pri nc e A t L o nd o n he .
,

w as t he a g e nt o f a still buddi ng p o w e r pr o c e e di ng fr o m a ,

r e vo luti o n h e ld fo r this re as o n in c o nt e mpt by all t he m o n

,

a rchi e s o f Eur o p e a nd thr e a t e n e d e v e ry m o m e nt l st it

, ( a t e a ,

w as so b e li e ve d ) with d e structi o n by the ve ry p o pul a r fo rc e th at

,

ha d c all e d it i nt o b e i ng Th e r e w e re d ays wh e n t h e v o ic e o f t he
.

a mb a ss a d o r bri ngi ng a ssur a n c e s o f p e a c e t o t he c o nfe r e n c e s w a s

, ,

dr o w ne d by e ch o e s fro m P a ris b e a ri ng sh o uts o f w ar and t he ,

rumbli ng o f r e b e lli o n .

I t c anno t h o w e v e r b e c a ll e d i nt o qu e sti o n ( a nd if th e r e did

e xist a ny d o ubts in this r e sp e ct t he r e a di ng o f t he M e m o irs

,

wo uld at o nc e disp e l th e m ) th at M de T a ll e yra nd ne ve r c e as e d

.

a si ngl e day e ith e r a t L o nd o n o r V i e nna t o b e t he s o u l o f t he

, ,

c o ngre ss e s and c o nfe re nc e s and the tru e i nspire r o f the re s o lu

,

ti o ns o f ass e mbl e d Euro p e o f which wh e n all is summ e d up

, , ,

a nd t he di f fi cu lti e s o f t he circumst anc e s a ll o we d fo r Fr a nc e has ,

in no w ay suffe r e d I t is e a si e r t o st at e th a n t o d e fi ne t he
.

s o ve r e ig n a rt which e nabl e d him t o supply by m e an s o f his

, ,
 P R E F A CE . xxv

cl e ve r ne ss a nd i nt e ll e ct a l o ne th at supp o rt which a t e ve ry , ,

m o m e nt fa il e d him fro m with o ut I n public a s in priva t e life

, .
,

t he a sc e nd e ncy which o ne m a n k no ws ho w t x e rcis e o ve r o e

a ll th o s e w h in a ny w y h ave d e a li ngs with him is a n tur a l

o a ,
a

gift fo r which no sp e ci e s o f supr e m a cy will e ve r d e qu t e ly a a

a cc o u nt The u ne xp e ct e d succ e ss e s which he o b t a i ne d a re

.
, ,

h o we ve r t o b e e xpl ai ne d in a gr e t m e a sure as m y b e s e e n
, a ,
a

fr o m t he M e m oirs by the r a re ccura cy o f gl nc e which e nabl e d

, a a

him t o p e rc e ive t o nc e a nd b e fo r e a ll tri a l the re s urc e s which

a , ,
o

c o uld ye t b e dr aw n fro m a situ ati o n which a ny o th e r m a n

wo uld h ave c o nsid e re d h o p e l e ss .

Thus in 1 8 1 4 o n e nt e r ing t he Euro p e a n s e nat d e v o id o f

, , e,

a ll m e a n s fo r m a ki ng hims e lf fe a r e d he disc e r ne d a t o n c th at , e,

e v e n o n t he m o rr o w o f a vict o ry m a t ri a l fo rc e is no t e ve ry ,
e

thi ng a nd th a t the c o urs e o f e ve nts which app e a re d t o b e m o st

,

u nfavo urabl e t o him had ye t put a t his s e rvic e a mo r a l

,

f rc e which cl eve rly m an ge d c o u ld t k e th pl a c e o f we ap o ns

o , , a ,
a
a e

o f a diff r e nt ch a ra ct r
e which he l ack e d This m o ra l fe rce
e , .
,

sup ri o r e ve n t o th fo rc e which t he a lli e d c o urts a ga i nst us

e e

o w e d t o t he n umb e r o f th e ir s o ldi e rs he s o ught a nd fo u n d ,

in t he pri ncipl e l o udly pro cl a im e d o f m o na rchic a l l e gi t im a cy .

Th e t e xt o f t he i nstructi o n s he t o o k t o t he C o ngre ss a nd
which he g av e t o hims e lf—b e i ng at o nc e mi nist e r a nd a mb a s
s d o r—will b e re d ; it is a ge ne ra l sch e m e fo r t h r e sto rati o n
a a e

o f l e gitim a t e m o na rchy o v e r t he wh o l e surfa c e o f Eur o p e a n d ,

a s a n a tur a l c o ns e qu e n c e t he r e stituti o n t o a ll s o v e r e ig ns o f

wh at e ve r l a nds th e ir fo re fat h e rs p o ss e ss e d The pro j e ct is .

syste m at ica lly appli e d a rticl e by a rticl e st t e by st at e wi th o ut

, ,
a ,

r e s e rv e with o ut re stricti o n with o ut e mb a rra ssm e nt ; I might

, ,
'

a lm o st say with o ut fals e prid e with o ut T all e yra nd e ve r sus

, ,
xxvi P R E F A CE .

p e c t ing, fo r m o m e nt th at this m o na rchic a l fai th will c aus e

a ,

s o m e surpris e in t he m o uth o f a fo rm e r mi nist e r o ft he R e public

a nd o f t he Empir e .

To th o s e w ho w o uld h av e e xpr e ss e d this surpris e t o him ,

I fe e l c o nvi nc e d th a t h e w o uld h av e b e e n r e ady to r e ply with

his h abitu a l ng f ro id th at this c o ntra dicti o n o n his p art w as

sa ,

o nly o ne m o r e h o m a g e r e nd e re d t o ne c e ssity by e xp e ri e nc e .

But t he truth is th at a fte r twe nty y e a rs o f strife which

, , ,

s a tur ati ng t he s o il o f Eur o p e with bl o o d had mutil at e d , ,

l ac e rat e d cut up a ll t e rrit o ri e s in a tho us a nd diffe re nt w ays

, ,

a n e xtr e m e w e a ri ne ss a n d a pro fo u nd disgust o f c o nqu e sts

,

a n d re v o luti o n s h a d t a k e n p o ss e ssi o n o f t he public mi nd T he .

r apid succ e ssi o n o f the re publics i nstitut e d by the Dire ct o ry ,

a n d o f t he ki ngd o ms cre a t e d by imp e ri a l whim the sp e e dy ,

p a ss age o f th e s e ph ant a sms th a t spru ng up o ne day o nly t o

, ,

v anish o n t he ne xt had fa tigu e d as much as d a zzl e d t he g az e

,

o f p e o pl e s. S ubj e cts and pri n c e s a lik e d e m an d e d r e st t he o ne a s ,

w e a ri e d with p a ssi ng fro m h and t o h and a nd m ast e r t o m a st e r , ,

a s t he o th e rs with b e i ng by turn cro wne d a nd d e thro ned

, , ,

a cc o rdi ng t o t he ch a n c e o f t he day S o m e pri ncipl e o f public

.

la w w as d e m and e d o n all h a nds which by r e gul a ti ng t he,

o rd e rly tr a nsmissi o n o f p o w e r sh o uld stre ngt h e n t he b asis

,

o f a ll st a t e s t o tt e ri ng fr o m t he e ff
,
e ct o f so m a ny sh o cks It .

w as t he cr e dit o f T a ll e yr a nd t o u nd e rst an d t he imp e ri o us

ch ara cte r o f this g e ne ra l s e ntim e nt a nd t he i nflu e nc e which ,

t he re pr e s e nt a tiv e o f L o uis X V I I I c o uld dr a w fr o m it

. The .

Fre nch m o na rchy re st o re d withi n its fo rm e r limits d e prive d ,

o n ly o f th o s e a nne x a ti o ns which had b e e n a cquir e d by but

transi e nt succ e ss s e e m e d t he fi rst a nd no bl e st a pplic ati o n o f

,

t he pri n cipl e o f r e p arati o n I n m aki ng o f L o uis X V I I I an

. .
 P R E F A CE . xxv ii

i nt e rpr e t e r o f the c o mm o n wish a nd a livi ng pro t e st ag ai nst

t he b a rb arity o f a r gim e o f usurp a ti o n a nd vi o l e nc e h e a ssig ne d
e ,

t o him a t o nc e an o rigi na l a nd p a r a m o u nt p o siti o n a m ng o

his ro y a l p e e rs R e st o r e d by t he a cts o f a w ar in which he

.

had no t c o ncurr e d t he Ki ng o f Fr an c e was u nd e r o blig a ti o ns

,

t o a nd pr o t e ct e d by th o s e w ho had r e o p e ne d t o him t he g at e s
, ,

o f his c o u ntry R e e st ablish e d by virtu e o f a right which

.
-

did no t d e p e nd o n fo rc e he b e c a m e o nc e m o re th e ir e qu a l
, ,

a nd c o nsid e ri ng t he a ntiquity o f his r a c e in a c e rt a i n m e a sur e , ,

e v e n th e ir sup e ri o r Th a t which the fe a r o f his a rms c o uld

.

no t e ff e ct ,
re sp e ct fo r a p ri ncipl e o bt a i ne d fo r him a nd by ,

re stra i ni ng the a mbiti on o f N ap o l e o n s co nqu e ro rs hi nd e re d ’

th e m fro m imit ati ng his e x a mpl e and appro pri ati ng a s he ,

had d o ne at th e ir o w n c apric e a nd d e sir e t e rrit o ri e s o ccupi e d

, ,

by the ir a rmi e s .

I t h as b e e n s a id I k no w th a t th e r e we r e h e r e c o nsid e rati o ns
, ,

st amp e d with a chiva lro us l o ya lty wh o s e s o m e wh at stilt e d ,

e xpr e ssi o n c o uld sc a rc e ly h ave b e e n si nc e re o r e v e n quit e ,

s e ri o us o n t he p art o f T a ll e yrand W e are giv e n t o u nd e rstand

.

th at i nst e ad o f thus fo ll o wi ng up fro m Dre sd e n t o N apl e s and

, , ,

in fact o v e r a ll Eur o p e t he r e st o ra ti o n o f l e gitim at e s o v e r e ig ns

, ,

h e c o uld with l e ss tr o ubl e h av e o bt a i ne d m o r e s o lid a nd

,

subst anti a l a dv ant ag e s F o r e x ampl e if he had a ll o w e d R ussi a

.
,

a nd Prussi a t o e xt e nd as th e y ch o s e in t he no rth a t t he e xp e ns e

o f th e ir n e ighb o urs it w o uld h a v e b e e n p o ssibl e ( it is th o ught t o

, )
h av e drive n b a ck the G e rm an fro nti e r fro m o u r o w n thus ,

pr e ve nti ng c o nflicts in the future and givi ng us a b e tt e r pl a ce in

,

t he ne w Euro p e an e quilibrium This j udgm e nt which cl aims

.
,

t o b e e s s e nti a lly us e ful a nd pr a ctic a l ha s s e e m e d a lways t o ,

m e t o d e p e nd up o n a na rr o w a nd sup e rfici a l a cqu ai nt anc e with

x xv iii P R E F A CE .

fa cts I d o ubt wh e th e r it c o uld b e m ai nt ai ne d in fa c e o f t he

.

a cc o u n t o fM de T a ll yr a n d s first a pp e a r a n c e a t t h e Co ngr e ss o f
’
. e

V i e nna Th e r e is no thi ng m o r e d r a m a ti c th an t he a cc o u nt o f this

.

fi rst i nt e rvi e w in which t h e gr e at p o w e rs still a lli e d d e cl a re d

, ,

t o him wi t h a h a ughty c o ld ne ss th at e v e n a ft e r p e a c e w as , ,

c o nclud e d th e y i nt e nd e d t o m a i nt ai n th e ms e lve s in a cl o se a nd
,

i mp e ne trabl e b o nd m e ani ng t o fo rm a sm a ll e r a ss e mbly withi n

,

t he gr e a t o ne in which t h e fa t e o f Eur o p e w o uld h av e b e e n

,

d e cid e d with cl o s e d d o o rs a nd wh o s e r e s o luti o ns Fr a nc e w o uld

,

h av e had no o th e r a lt e r native but t o submit t o H a d T a ll e yr and .

d o ne no thi ng e ls e e xc e pt bre a k this cordon sa n ita ire by sh o wi ng ,

hims e lf t o b e anim at e d with a m o na rchic a l s e ntim e nt e v e n m o re ,

e x a gg e r at e d th a n th a t o f th o s e w ho susp e ct e d him ; h ad this

u ne xp e ct e d m a noe uvr e ha d no o th e r r e sult th an t o c aus e o ne o f

his i nt e rl o cut o rs t o say with a su rpris e which but ill c o nce a l e d
,
-

his d e c e pti o n : I n truth T a ll e yr a nd sp e aks t o us lik e a mi nist e r

,

o f L o uis X I V th o s e w ho c r e fo r o u r nati o na l dig nity e v e n

. a ,

in t he p a st o ugh t ye t t o b e gra t e ful t o hi m fo r it

, But it w a s .
,

a t b o tt o m a v e ry diff
,
e r n t qu e sti o n fr o m o ne o f m e r e dig nity o r
e

e v e n h o no ur I t w as ( as t he e v e nt but t o o s o o n pro v e d ) t he
‘

v e ry e xist e nc e o f Fra nc e a nd its u nity which we re c o nti nu a lly

at st ak e F o r by wh at o th e r titl e a ft e r a ll th a n t h a t o f his
.

h e r e dit a ry right ha d L o uis X V I I I go t c o mpl e t e re st o rati o n o f

, .

t he t e rrit o ry o f his fo r e fa th e rs B e sid e s t o a ll o w e ls e wh e re the ,

pri ncipl e o f h e re dity t o b e vi o l at e d a t t he e xp e ns e o f the w e ak ,

wi th o ut a pr o t e st a ft e r h avi ng b e ne fit e d by it o ne s s e lf wo uld
,
’

h ave b e e n a n i nc o nsist e ncy nay e ve n a sp e ci e s o f m o ral i ngrati

, ,

tud e which w o uld s o o n h ave b o r ne fruit a nd t he p e rp e trat o r o f it ,

w o uld s o o n h ave had o cc a si o n t o r e p e nt Te n m o nths had no t .

ye t e l aps e d wh e n Franc e h avi ng m e t with fr e sh dis ast e rs saw he r

, ,
xxx P R E F A CE .

wo rds the m an has no t ch ange d th at the e nd he pursu e s is the

,

s a m e and th at he disp lays t he s am e art and the s am e t al e nts

, , ,

wh o s e a pplic ati o n a l o ne di ffe rs A t V i e nna it w as a qu e sti o n o f

.
,

diss o lvi ng a c o a liti o n which m a i nt ai ni ng its e lf in full p e a c e

, ,

c o nd e m ne d us fo r e ve r t o p o we rl e ss ne ss by is o l ati o n A t .

L o nd o n it w a s ne c e ss a ry t o hi nd e r t he s a m e c o a li t i o n fro m
,

re fo rmi ng f
-
o r a ne w w ar t he d a ng e r w a s no t l e ss pr e ssi ng an d

e v e rythi n g le d t o t he o pi n i o n th a t it w o uld b e m o r e di f fi cult t o

o v e rc o m e fo r no thi ng h ad ch ange d in t he e xt e r na l c o nditi o n o f

Euro p e si nc e 1 8 1 5 ; t he s a m e s e ntim e nts app a re ntly anim at e d

t he s a m e c abi ne ts pr e sid e d o v e r by t he s a m e m e n : t he s a m e
,

ge ne ra ls w e re r e ady t o t ak e c o mm and o f the s am e a rmi e s and ,

t he rum o ur o f a r e v o luti o n in Fr a nc e w as m o r e th an su f fi ci e nt t o

re awa k e n t he sc a rc e ly lull e d h o stiliti e s

- -
By t he m o st si ngul a r
.

ch anc e it w as t he c o nqu e r o r o f W at e rl o o hims e lf w ho pre sid e d

,

o v e r t he c o u n cil o f t he mi n ist e rs o f E ngl a nd I t s e e ms th a t he

.

ha d o n ly o ne wo rd t o pr o no u n c e o ne o rd e r t o give t o se t in
, ,

m o ti o n a ll th at m a ss o f m e n wh o m he had le d t o vict o ry .

A nd ye t a ll is no t t h e s a m e fo r duri ng th e s e fi ft e e n y e a rs
,

this l a rg e slic e o f m o rt a l life a s T a citus s ays tim e has d o ne

, ,

its w o rk and u nd e r ne a th t he app a re ntly u nch ange d surfa ce a

, ,

gre a t ch ange has t a k e n pl a c e in the h e a rt o f public o pi ni o n a nd ,

no wh e r e m o r e pr o fo u ndly th a n in th a t l a nd o f Brit a i n wh e r e ,

M de T a ll e yrand a r e fuge e and pro scrib e d has alre ady p a ss e d

.
, ,

a p a rt o f his y o uth Th a t o ld E ngl a nd which he k ne w at th a t

.

tim e the E ngl and o f Pitt a nd Ca stl e r e agh t he E ngl an d which

, ,

had b e e n t he s o u l o f t he Eur o p e a n c o a liti o n which had br e a th e d

,

i nt o it t he i nspirati o n o f it s h at e a nd p a id fo r it with its c ash ;

,

th a t E ngl and wh o s e arist o cratic prid e a nd m o ra l i nsti ncts Burk e

had e xcit e d ag ai nst t he r e v o luti o na ry e xc e ss e s th at E ngl and w as ,
 P R E F A CE .

no l o nge r re co g niz abl e A bre ath o f d e m o cratic re fo rms had

.

cro ss e d t he Ch a nne l and p e ne tra t e d e ve n the G o thic v aults o f

W e stmi nst e r a nd wh e n t he risi ng o f j uly 1 8 3 0 bro k e o ut at
,

P a ris no v o ic e w as ra is e d to curs e the ne w r e v o luti o n O n t he

, .

c o ntra ry E ngl a nd re m e mb e re d c o mpl a ce nt ly th a t she ha d

,

h e rs e lf had he r r e vo luti o n a nd p a ss e d t he cro wn fro m o ne

,

br a nch t o ano th e r o f the re ig ni ng fa mily The ne w Fre nch .

m o narchy w as fo rm e d a fte r t he m o d e l o f t he E nglish m o narchy

of 1 6 8 8 a nd g av e sig n s o f r e m a i ni ng faithful t o it ; this
,

r e s e mbl a nc e pl e as e d British prid e which w as fl att e re d th at

,

a ny o ne sh o uld c o py he r e x a mpl e . M de T a ll e yrand had no

.

s o o ne r se t fo o t up o n E nglish gro u nd th an he w s w a r ne d o f
,
a

this ch ange by e ve ry curre nt o f p o litic a l a tm o sph e re th at

surro u nd e d him and divi ne d at o nc e ne w m e ans o f a cti o n th a t
,

a ne w situ a ti o n had giv e n him .H is pl a n w a s m a d e ; t o t he

c o aliti o n o f t he m o na rchi e s o f t he Co nti ne nt which we re fright
e ne d by all r e v o luti o n s he o pp o s e d t h e a lli an c e o f t w o lib e r a l
,

m o na rchi e s b o th fo u nd e d o n na ti o na l will a nd in t he sp e e ch
, ,

he a ddr e ss e d t o t he Ki ng o f E ngl an d t he fi rst tim e he w as ,

re c e iv e d in s o l e m n a udi e nc e he did no t h e sit at e t o o ffe r t o

,

t he h e ir o f t he H o us e o f Bru nswick t he fri e ndship o f t he

Ki ng o f the Fre nch in t he na m e o f a c o mmu nity o f pri ncipl e s ,

a nd o f a c o mm o n o ri g i n .

Fro m this m o m e nt his c o urs e w as s a fe The a cc e ssi o n o f .

a lib e r a l mi nistry ,
wh o s e c o mi ng i nt o o ffic e he ha d fo re s e e n ,

o n ly s e rv e d t o r e m o v e all o bst a cl e s H e t o o k a l e ve r th at
.

he k ne w ho w t o u se . The thr e at e n i ng c o a liti o n w as crush e d

in t he bud as s o o n a s E ngl a nd r e tir e d fr o m it

,
The E nglish
.

a lli a n c e e v e n b e c a m e t he piv o t o f a l o ng ne g o ti a ti o n which w as ,

t o e nd in substituti ng o n o u r fr o nti e rs an a mic abl e ne utr ality

,
xxxu P R E F A CE .

fo r a ve ry i nc o nve ni e nt ne ighb o ur by cr e ati ng at Bruss e ls o ne, , ,

m o re k ing do m which lik e th a t o f Fr a n c e w as t he r e sult o f

‘

, ,

t he nati o na l ch o ic e .

H e r e w e a re a nd w e must a ck no wl e dg e it fa r fr o m V i e nn a
, , ,

a n d t he a bs o lut e pri n cipl e o f l e gi t im a cy I t c o uld o f c o urs e .

n o l o ng e r b e app e a l e d t o a t l e st with t he s a m e a uth o rity

,
a It .

is t he r e sp e ct du e t o t he na ti o na l will th a t has re pl a c e d it .

Th e re are c e rt a i nly m any o bj e cti o ns t o m a k e t o th at suppl e

ne ss o f mi n d which p e rmitt e d p o litic a l pri ncipl e s t o b e
c o nsid e re d no t a s ultim a te truths c o mp e lli ng a ss e nt but as ,

i nstrum e nts o f a pr a ctic a l utility which co uld b e m a d e u se o f ,

a cc o rdi ngt o t he c o nv e ni e n c e o f th e ir a pplic a ti o n D o w e no t .

,

h o we v e r se e in th a t t he a lm o st i ne vit abl e r e sult o f fre qu e nt

,

re vo luti o ns ? T all e yra nd a ssur e dly is no t t he o nly m an o f th at

, ,

ge ne rati o n o f 1 7 89 who h avi ng e nt e re d life with no bl e illusi o ns

, , ,

a ft e r s e v e r a l u nsucc e ssful a tt e mpts fo ll o w e d by as m any dis ,

a pp o i ntm e nts c o nc e iv e d a c o nt e mpt f

,
o r t h e o ry a nd a cquir e d a ,

st o ck o f p o litic a l sc e pticism A ll o wi ng full w e ight t o this

.

re s e rvati o n it is di ffi cult no t t o b e s e nsibl e o f the suppl e ne ss

,

a nd rich ne ss o f th a t mi nd which pro c e e di ng fro m m o st dis ,

simil a r c a s e s fro m e ntire ly o pp o sit e s o urc e s c o uld dra w t o t he

, ,

s e rvic e o f t he s a m e c a us e a n i ne xh a ustibl e va ri e ty o f a rgum e nts

a nd r e s o urc e s : a nd it is o n ly fair t o a ck no wl e dg e b e sid e s t he ,

fl e xibility o f his fo rm t he p e rs e v e ra nc e o f his p a tri o tism a nd

, ,

th at he ne v e r l o st sight o f t he fa ct th at wh at e ve r migh t b e t he ,

i nt e r na l c o nditi o n o f Fr anc e wh e th e r she b e pre p a ri ng re v o lu

,

ti o ns o r; re st o rati o ns it w as still Franc e a nd th at she had a right

, ,

t o b e s e rv e d with e qu a l c ar e fo r he r pr e s e nt s e curity a nd futur e

gre a t ne ss .

Fi nally w e sh o uld still fa ll sh o rt o f d o i ng full j ustic e if by

, , ,
 P R E F A CE . xxxv

t he sid e o f t he p e rs o nal sh are t a k e n by T all e yr and in the h appy

r e sults o f t he ne go ti ati o ns he c o nduct e d t he h o no ur o f which ,

a ccru e s t o him w e fa il e d t o ttribut e a n h o no ur as gre at o r

,
a ,

a lm o st so t o t he firm a n d i nt e llig e nt supp o rt r e nd e r e d him by

,

t he t w o s o v e r e ig ns wh o m he s e rv e d The M e m oirs h av e t he .

m e rit o f a ck no wl e dgi ng this sh a re and o f r e nd e ri ng t o b o th ,

re pr e s e nt ativ e s o f t he H o us e o f Fr a nc e t he e x a lt e d p o siti o n

which is th e ir du e .

The l e tt e rs o f L o uis X V I I I th at h av e b e e n a lr e ady pub .

lishe d will no t b e r e a d with o u t e m o t i o n l e tt e rs which c o mp e l ,

a dmir a ti o n f o r t he n o bl e ne ss o f t he l a ngu ag e which is o nly

e qu a ll e d by t he sublimity o f t he s e ntim e n ts it e xpr e ss e s a nd t he ,

u nmist ak abl e ro ya l t o ne th a t p e rvad e s th e m C e rt ai n p ap e rs .

,

n o t ye t publish e d will but s e rv e t o c o nfirm a nd i n cr e a s e this ,

impre ssi o n I n the ne go ti ati o n re l ative t o the cre ati o n o f t he

.
1 -

ki ngd o m o f B e lgium t he c o rre sp o nd e nc e o f L o uis Philipp e , ,

pre s e nts a ch a ra ct e r di ffe re nt i nd e e d but which d o e s him no , ,

'

l e ss h o no ur Th e y a re the c o u ns e ls o f p e rfe ct e d e xp e ri e nc e o f
.
,

a r e stl e ss vigil a n c e no ti ng t he m o st mi n ut e d e t a ils a nd givi ng , ,

t he pre fe r e nc e c o nsist e ntly t o e v e ry public i nt e r e st a s ag a i nst , ,

h r will b e f u nd w rthy f sp ci l no t in th third v lum e fth M m i

1
T e e o ,
o o e a e, e o o e e o rs,

a l tt r fr m Ki ng L uis X V I I I which is f such k n i nt e r st th t I f l th t I

e e o o . o ee e a ee a

o ught to giv it t nc e I t is ddr ss d to M d T ll yr nd in 1 8 : 5 t the ti m f

e a o . a e e . e a e a , a e o

t h s c o nd ccup ti o n f P ris by th
e e o lli s n r c ipt o f th n ws th t th P russi ns
a o a e a e o e e e e a e a

w r pr p si ng t d str y th Bridg f J e n wh o s e n m e r us d p i nful m m

,
”
e e o o o e o e e o a, a a o e a e

o ri s e Th f ll wi ng is th t no r o f it
. e o o e e

I h v just b n i nf rm d th t the P russi ns h av u nd rm i ne d th bridg e Of

“
a e ee o e a a e e e
n d th t th e y will pr o b b ly b l w it up t night d O t nt c ri s
’
j n e a, a a Th D a o o -
. e ue ra e ar e

i nstructi ns to G ne r l M is n t pr v nt this by v ry m ns in his p w r But s

o e a a o o e e e e ea o e .
, a

y ouk n w he h s no n t ll S d ll y p ssib ly n b y m e ns f th D uk ( f
o a e a a o o a ou o ca a o e e o

A s to m ys lf I will if n ce ss ry g t th
, .
,

W lli ngt n ) nd L rd C stl re gh

e o a o a e a . e , , e a ,
o o e

b ridg in p e rs n th y m y th e n b l o w m e up if th y lik e
e o e a e

LOUIS
, .

S t d y 10 A M a ur a , . .

This d o cu m nt sig n d by the ki ng hi m s e lf is t b e f u nd in the p ap e rs o f M d

e ,
e , o o . e
T ll yr n d w h t k th m r e c r t pr s e rv e it th t this g n r us tr it f L o uis
a e a , o oo e o a e o e a e e o a o

X V I I I lr dy m e nti o ne d th o ugh it is in the writi ngs f th ti m e h s Oft n b e e n

.
,
a ea , o e ,
a e
qu sti o n d
e e .
 x i
x xv P R E F A CE .

th o s e o f dy nasty o r fa mily whil e o n critic a l o cc asi o ns his

, , , ,

d e cisi o n is a lways m anly a nd s e nsibl e B o th o f th e m in a

.
,

w o rd h ave b e e n t he faithful gu a rdi ans o f the p o w e rful Fre nch

,

u ni ty cre at e d by th e ir a nc e st o rs a nd which th e y h ave had the

,

g o o d fo r t u ne t o l e av e i nt a ct t o th e ir succ e ss o rs wh o s e blu nd e rs
,

a nd fo lli e s h ave si nc e c o mpro mis e d it I f t he l a m e nt abl e

.

mu t il a t i o n th at this u nity has u nd e rg o ne we re irr e p arabl e ,

hist o ry w o uld say th at it p e rish e d o n the day o n which t he

ra c e th at fo u nd e d it l e ft t he thro ne .
xx xv i ii I N TR OD UC TI ON .

R e v o luti o n d o w n t o t he r e ig n o f the C itiz e n Ki ng h ave

’
of 89 ,

dimi nish e d T a ll e yrand s sh a re in e ve nts o r m o difi e d the a cc e pt e d

’

e stim a t e s o f his w rk a nd ch a r a ct e r H is c r e e r w a —a nd it
o . a s

r e m a i ns — u np a ra ll e l e d in m o d e r n Euro p e fo r l e ngth a nd vari e t y ,

o f disti nguish e d s e rvic e B e gi nni ng with L o uis X V I fro m

. .
,

wh o m he r e ce ive d his first a pp o i ntm e nt a nd fro m wh o m he ,

w e nt l at e r with a l e tt e r t o t he Ki ng o f E ngl a nd he s e rve d in

, , ,

a ll e ight k no w n m a st e rs no t t o r e ck o n a gr e a t n umb e r o f o th e rs
,

w ho w e re a t o ne tim e o r a no th e r s a id t o h av e him s e cr e tly in

, ,

th e ir p ay H e w as Pre sid e nt o f t he C o nstitu e nt A ss e mbly

.

which o rg anize d the Fre nch R e vo luti o n H e w as s e nt to .

L o nd o n o n a s e cre t missi o n with a p a ssp o rt fro m D a nt o n H e .

w a s Mi nist e r o f F o r e ig n A ffairs u nd e r t he Di re ct o ry u nd e r t he ,

Co n su la t e u nd e r t he Empir e u nd e r L o uis X V I I I a nd u nd e r
, ,
.
,

L o uis Philipp e I n dipl o m a tic skill a nd succ e ss c o nt e mp o ra ry

-
.

public o pi ni o n h e ld him the first m n o f his p ri o d th a t is to a e

say ,
fo r h alf a c e ntury t he fi rst m a n in Eur o p e A s t o re a l .

i nflu e nc e o n a ffairs it is d o ubtful if a ny mi nist e r si nc e c a n b e

,

s a id t o h av e e x e rt e d m o re wi t h t he e xc e pti o ns o nly o f ,

Bism a rck a nd Cavo ur Eve n th e y did no t c o ve r so wid e a .

range o r d e al with such a b e wild e ri ng v a ri e ty o f ne g o ti ati o ns ,

e xt e ndi ng o v e r so gr e a t a tim e a nd furth e ri ng t he vi e ws o f so

m any m a st e rs .

S ir H e nry Bulw e r has a phr a s e th at in a w ay m e a sur e s him , ,

.

H e w as t he m o st imp o rt a nt m an in t he Co nstitu e n t A ss e mbly

a ft e r Mir ab e a u a n d t he m o st imp o rt a nt m a n in t he Empir e

a ft e r N a p o l e o n But t o g auge fa irly his e xtrao rdi na ry public

.

life it must b e re m e mb e re d th at he h e ld pl a c e a nd g a i ne d in
,

p o we r fo r fo rty y e a rs a ft e r M irab e a u s d e ath and th a t h avi ng ’

b e e n o ne o f t he l e adi ng m e n o f Fr a nc e b e fo re N ap o l e o n w as
h e a rd o f he r e m a i ne d a mi nist e r a nd a n amb a ss ad o r o f Fr a nc e
,

l o ng a fte r N ap o l e o n had e a t e n o u t his h e a rt a t S t H e l e na . .

Y e t in spit e o f this a m a zi ng c a r e e r his c o u ntrym e n h av e no t ,

b e e n ge ne ra lly disp o s e d t o sp e a k we ll o f him N a p o l e o n s aid .

o f him a nd t o him th a t he w as a silk st o cki ng fi ll e d with fi lth

, ,
.

C a r no t s a id H e bri ngs with him a ll t he vic e s o f t he o ld reg im e

,
“
,

with o ut havi ng b e e n abl e t o a cquire a ny o f the virtu e s o f the

n e w o ne H e has no fi x e d pri ncipl e s he ch ang e s th e m a s he
.
 I N TR OD UC TI ON .

d o e s his li ne n and t ak e s th e m a cc o rdi ng to the wi nd o f the day

,

—a phil o s o ph e r wh e n phil o s o phy is t he m o d e ; a r e public n

,
a

no w b e c a us e th a t is n e c e ss ry in o rd e r t o b e c o m e a nythi ng
,
To a .

m o rr o w he will d e cl a re fo r a n bs o lute m o na rchy if he c a n m k e a , a

a nythi ng o u t o f it I d o n t wa nt him at a ny pric e Mirab e au ’

. .

c ll e d him this vil e b as e trickst e r a nd aga i n wr o t e I t is

a
“
, ,
”
,
“

dirt a nd m o ne y th a t he wa nts Fo r m o ne y he has s o ld his .

h no ur a nd his fri e nd Fo r m o ne y he w o uld s e ll his s o ul—and

o .

he w o uld b e right fo r he wo uld b e tradi ng muck fo r g o ld

”
,
Th e .

ve ry m e mb e r o f t he A ss e mbly w ho s e cure d his re c ll fro m e xil e a ,

C h eni e r wr o t e o f him
,
Th is l e t t e r o f the A bbé M auric e pro v e s
,

t o m e th a t a ft e r h avi ng b e e n A na rchist a nd O rl e a n ist a nd no t ,

h avi ng b e e n R o b e sp ie rrist o nly b e c aus e R o b e spi e rre wo uld n t ’

h ave him he has no w b e c o m e a p artis n o f t he Dire ct o ry This

, a .

limp fo o t with o ut re sp e ct fo r his bish o pric is lik e a sp o nge

-
, , ,

which sucks up e ve ry liquid i nt o which it is dro pp e d but u nlik e , ,

t he sp o ng e he ne v e r giv e s a nythi ng b a ck
, H e r e he is r e c a ll e d .
,

fro m e xil e y e st e rd ay a nd pro p o si ng pro scripti o ns fo r t o m o rro w

,
-
.

I f t h e Dir e ct o ry wa nts bl o o d l o k o u t fo r y o ur h e a d —M a uric e ,

o

will no t re fus e it .
”

M o d e rn Fr e nch writ e rs whil e o f c o urs e l e ss p a ssi o nat e h av e , ,

b e e n ap t t o agre e in a dmitti ng his e xtr ao rdi nary ve na lity his ,

t r e a ch e ry t o his chi e fs a nd his l a ck o f v e r city L m arti ne ,

a . a

a dmir e d him but L o uis Bla ne w a s a s s e v e r e as t he bitt e re st o f

,

his c o nt e mp o ra ri e s Ch a t e a ubri and wr o t e o f him . Wh e n ,

“

M o nsi e ur T a ll e yra n d is no t c o nspiri ng he is m a ki ng c o rrupt ,

b a rga i ns Guiz o t s id he w as a m a n o f the c o urt a nd o f dipl o

.
”
1
a

m a cy — no t o f go v e rnm e nt th a t he w as i ndiffe re nt t o m e ans and

,

a lm o st i ndi f fe r e nt t o t he e nd pr o vid e d he fo u nd in it a p e rs o na l ,

succ e ss A nd to qu o t e but o ne o pi ni o n no t c o mi ng fr m his

.
,
o

c o u ntrym e n G o uve r ne ur M o rris s a id o f him This m an app e ars

, ,

t o m e p o lish e d c ld tricky a mbiti o us a nd b a d

,
o , , .

F e w m e n i nd e e d sp o k e we ll o f him T o wa rds t he cl o s e o f
, , .

his life wh e n he was a mb a ss a d o r in L o nd o n a n att a ck w a m ad e

, ,
s

up o n him in t he H o us e o f L o rds by t he M a rquis o f L o n d o n

d e rry The Duk e o f W e lli ngt o n o ffe r e d spirit e d d e fe nc e H
. a . e

had h e ld O ffici a l r e l ati o ns with M de T a ll e yr and in m o st critic a l .

Qu d M si ur T ll yr d c spi p il t fiq
1
an on e a e an ne on re as, ra ue .
xl I N TR OD UC TI ON

p e ri o ds N e v e r had he e nc o u nt e r e d a m an m o r e vig o r o us a nd
.

skilful in pro t e cti ng t he i nt e r e sts o f his o w n c o u ntry o r o ne , _

m o re upright nd h o no ura bl e in his at t itud e t o wa rds o th e r

a

c o u ntri e s T a ll e yrand w as fo u nd t he ne xt day re adi ng the r e p o rt

.

o f this d e b at e with t e a rs in his e y e s a nd he s a id t o his visit o r ,

“
I a m all t he m o r e gr a t e fu l t o t he Duk e si nc e he is t he o ne ,

st at e sm an in t he wo rld who has e ve r sp o k e n w e ll o f m e .

L a t e r whil e t he dipl o m atist no w a v e ry o ld m a n was still

, , ,

in o ffi c e in t he r e ig n o f L o uis Philipp e A l e x andre S allé publish e d

,
-
,

in P a ris a v o lum e u nd e rt a ki ng t o giv e a n imp arti a l hist o ry o f “

T a ll e yra nd s p o litic a l life

’
I t b o r e up o n its titl e p ag e a s a
.
-

m o tt o a v e rs e by B rth el e my which m ay b e r o ughly re nd e re d

,
a ,

thus The i nc a r nat e lie t he livi ng p e rj ury Pri nc e de B eneve nt

“
, ,

imp e nit e nt j ud a s a n o i nt e d with t he s a cre d O il he o p e ns his

, ,

c re e r by b e t ra yi ng Go d hims e lf A lik e a t the a lt a r a nd a t the

a .

C o ur t t he d o ubl e a p o st a t e tr e ats t he S t a t e a s he tr e at e d t he
,

C hurch The i ntr o ducti o n t o this s a m e w o rk c o nclud e s with

.

t he st o ry th a t L o uis X V I I I wh e n a sk e d t o e xpr e ss his o pi n i o n

.

a b o ut his fa m o us F o r e ig n Mi n ist e r re pli e d by qu o ti ng s o m e ,

li ne s o f Co rne ill e r e gardi ng R ich e li e u o f which this is the ,

subst anc e H e has d o ne m e t o o much g o o d th a t I sh o uld

sp e a k ill o f him a nd t o o much h arm th at I sh o uld sp e a k w e ll o f
,

him .
1 ”

The e vil in a public m an s life is ap t t o a ttr a ct wid e r a tt e nti o n

’

th an t he go o d a nd c e rt a i nly his c o u ntrym e n h ave m ad e no

,

e xc e pti o n t o this rul e in T a ll e yr a n d s fa v o ur T a ki ng his c are e r ’

.

fr o m th e ir re c o rds wh a t a n e xtrao rdi na ry p o rtra it is pre s e nt e d

,

H e r e a re a fe w o f t he li ne s in it
A p ro flig at e pri e st w ho o we d his st a rt in life t o a n ill
,

fl av o ure d j o k e a b o ut t he imm o ra lity o f P aris m a d e in the ,

dr awi ng ro o m o f M a d a m e da B a rry t he ki ng s favo urite

-
,
’
.

A bish o p w ho w as fo rc e d i nt o t he public j o ur na ls t o e xpl a i n

th at the m o ne y he ha d re c e ntly m a d e in ga mbli ng w as no t w o n
in g a mbli ng h o us e s but in clubs a nd th a t it w as no t so much
,

a s r e p o rt e d —b e i ng o nly francs i nst e ad o f six o r s e ve n ,

hu ndre d th o us and .

1
Il m a
’
f it tro p de bi e n p o ur n dire du m l
a e a ,
’
Il m a fait tro p de m l p o ur e n dire du bi e n
a .
 I N TR OD UC TI OI V . xli

A c o nfid e nti a l fri e nd of Mirab e au , ye t a ccus e d of p o is o ni ng

him .

A mi nist e r a nd fo r y e ars t he i ntim a t e o f N ap o l e o n ye t

, ,

suspe ct e d o f a pl o t t o a ss a ssi nate him .

A gre a t st a t e sm a n wh o s e e no rm o us a nd c o nti nu o us r e c e ipt

o f brib e s fr o m t he b e gi nn i ng t o t he e nd o f his l o ng c a r e e r is

u nqu e sti o ne d .

A trust e d M inist e r o f F o r e ig n A ffa irs w ho whil e in o ffic e , ,

u nd e r t he Dire ct o ry thwart e d th e ir m e a sure s a nd pl o tt e d fo r

,

up d e t t o f N a p o l e o n w ho whil e in o f fi c e u nd e r N a p o l e o n
’ ’
t he co a , ,

c o nspir e d with t he Emp e r o rs o f R ussi a and A ustri a t o d e fe a t

his pl ans and pl o tt e d fo r t he re tur n o f the B o urb o n s w ho whil e
, ,

in o ffic e u nd e r L o uis X V I I I sch e m e d fo r his o v e rthr o w. n d fo r ,

a

t he a cc e ssi o n o f L o uis Philipp e .

The Co nstitu e n t A ss e mbly fo rb ad e his r e tur n t o Fr anc e .

Pitt e xp e ll e d him fro m E ngl a nd W a shi ngt o n re fus e d t o re c e ive .

him in A m e ric a The P o p e e xc o mmu nic at e d him

. .

A nd ye t he live d t o b e summ o ne d b a ck t o Fra nc e a nd

a pp o i nt e d Mi nist e r o f F o re ig n A ffa irs fo r t he re vo luti o na ry
g o ve rnm e nt ; liv e d t o re turn t o E ngl and as a mb ass ad o r fro m
Fr anc e with t he pr e stig e o f the m o st disti n guish e d livi ng dipl o
,

m at ist t o m e e t with a r e c e pti o n which c o uld sc arc e ly h av e b e e n

,

m o re re sp e ctful if he had b e e n a cro w ne d h e a d ; live d to give

no tic e t o t he A m e ric a n M i nist e rs Pl e n ip o t e nti a ry in P a ris th t a

th e y must buy p e a c e o r l e av e t he c o u ntry liv e d t o h av e t he

P o p e s e xc o mmu nic ati o n withdraw n a nd di e d in t he O d o ur o f
’

s anctity with his ki ng at his b e dsid e a nd t he bl e ssi ngs o f t he

, ,

Ca rdi na l o f P a ris .

M any o f t he li ne a m e nts in this strang e p o rtr a it draw n by

t he Fre nch hist o ri a n s a re no t t o b e much ch a ng e d Th e re is .

littl e ch anc e t o e ra s e t he lic e nti o us ne ss t he tre ach e ry t he d e c e it , , ,

t he m o nstr o us v e na lity I n re c a lli ng th e m h o we v e r it must

.
, ,

a lw ays b e r e m e mb e r e d th a t he c a n b e o nly fa irly j udg e d by t he

st and a rd o f his tim e which w as lax t o a d e gre e w e c an h a rdly

,

c o mpre h e nd e sp e ci a lly with re fe re nc e t o t he first o f th e s e vice s

,

a nd t he l a st Wh e n t he A m e ric an C o mmissi o ne rs re s e nted

.

T a ll e yr and s d e m and fo r a brib e o f

’
d o ll a rs fo r hims e lf ,

a nd a bigg e r o ne c a ll e d a l o an f o r t he Dir e ct o ry his r e pr e s e nt a

, ,
xli i I N TR OD U C TI ON

tiv e s a id naive ly D o n t yo u k no w th at e v e rythi ng is b o ught in

,
’

P ris ? D O yo u dre a m th at yo u c an ge t o n with thi sG o ve rn

a

m e nt with o ut p ayi ng y o ur w ay P
I t must b e furth e r r e m e mb e r e d a nd t o his h o no ur t hat whil e , ,

he m ay b e s a id t o h av e b e tr ay d he r rul e rs h e ne v e r b e tr ay e d e ,

Franc e O n t he c o ntra ry wh e n he w as s e cre tly thwa rti ng his

.
,

m a st e rs he w a s O ft e n h e lpi ng his c o u ntry O n no t abl e o cc a

,
.

si o ns he re nd e re d he r s e rvice o f i n c o mp a rabl e va lu e a nd a lm o st ,

s ave d he r fro m d e structi o n as a fi rst cl ass Euro p e an p o we r -

.

I t w as a t o uchi ng e ul o gy pro no u nc e d o n him at his d e a th in

v a ryi ng phra s e s by b o th Thi e rs a nd M ig ne t th at he h ad a lways ,

sh o wn a n ve rsi o n t o p e rs e cuti o ns a nd vi o l e nc e a nd th a t he had

a ,

ne v e r d o ne h a rm t o a nyb o dy I n t he m a i n this pr a is e is .

d e s e rve d But e xcl a ims S t B e uv e in pr o t e st th e re a re

.
,
”
.
, ,
“

thre e p o i nts in his life which ra is e t e rribl d o ubts —the d e ath o f e

Mirab e a u t he a ffa ir o f t he D u e d E nghie n the a ffa ir o f M e m

,
’

bre uil This l ast w as t he pl o t fo r the a ss a ssi nati o n o f N ap o l e o n

.
”
.

T a ll e yra nd w as p e rfe ctly aw a re o f t he sh o cki ng ch a rge s

a g a i nst hims e lf in c o n ne cti o n with t h e d e a th o f Mir a b e a u b u t ,

h e m a k e s no r fe r e nc e wh a t e v e r t o th e m in t he p o rti o n o f his
e

m e m o irs tre ati ng o f th a t p e ri o d The fa ct th a t th e y we re .

b e li e ve d at t he tim e o nly sh o ws t he e stim a t e th e n pl a c e d o n him

by s o m e o f his c o nt e mp o r ri e s O n t he o th e r h a nd it must b e
a .
,

s a id th at m a ny thi ngs m a k e t he st o ry impro b abl e a nd th a t the ,

so c a ll e d
-
e vid e n c e is circumst a nti a l a nd trivi a l N p l e o n . a o ,

r e p e at e dly in c o nv e rs ati o n a nd in writi ng ch a rge d t he murd e r

, ,

D u e d E ng hie n t o him T a ll e yr nd d e vo t e s o ne ch apt e r

’
o f th e . a

t o r e p e lli n g t h e ccus a ti o n a nd fi xi ng t he re sp o nsibility f r t he

a ,
o

crim e o n N p o l e o n hims e lf A s t o t he pl o t t o h ve N a p o l e o n
a . a

a ss ssi na t e d e v e n T ll e yr nd s e ne mi e s must a dmit th a t whil e

’
a ,
a a ,

s o m e circumst anc e s w e re c e rt a i nly suspici o us t he pro o f o f his ,

c o mplicity is fragm e nt a ry a nd no t c o nvi nci ng .

N o p o rtr it o f t he m a n c an b e j ust which d o e s no t r e li e v e by

a

m a ny light t o uch e s t he s o mbre c o l o urs in which he has ge ne ra lly

b e n de pict e d H e ha d t he u nifo rm c o urt e sy a nd dig nity o f t he
e .

o ld reg im e H e w s t he m o st a cc o mplish e d o f c o urti e rs t he

’
. a

m o st c o rre ct o f m ast e rs o f c e re m o ni e s H e sp o k e w e ll a nd he .
,

wro t e b e tt e r—his fe w app e a ra nc e s at the A c ad e my b e i ng re ally

 I N TR OD UC TI ON xl ii i

e ve nts I n the brilli ant alo ns o f t he C o urt circl e s b e fo re t he

. s

R e vo luti o n he w as a s o ci a l li o n
,
W m n a lways lik e d a nd . o e

h e lp e d him H is witty s ayi ngs we re t he t alk o f P a ris I n

. .

pro sp e rity he w as no t a rr o ga nt ; i n tim e s o f tro ubl e he b o re ’

hims e lf with u nru ffle d dig nity a nd c o mp o sure Wh e n N ap o l e o n .

d e no u nc e d him in the pr e s e nc e o f o th e rs fo r tre ach e ry a nd ,

v e nality he m e re ly s aid as he w e nt d o wn the st airc s e Wh at

!

, ,
a ,

a pity th a t so gr e a t a m a n sh o uld h a v e b e e n so b a dly br o ught

up A t a no th e r tim e wh e n N ap o l e o n th e n First C o nsul ask e d

.
”
, , ,

him ho w he had b e c o m e so rich ( he w as s aid t o be a lre ady wo rth

thirty milli o ns o f fra ncs ) he re pli e d N o thi ng co uld b e m o re
, ,

simpl e G e ne r al ; I b o ught R e nt e s t he day b e fo re t he 1 8th Brum a ire

,

( t h e d a y o n which N a p o l e o n s e iz e d p o w er
) a nd I s o ld th e m t he ,

day a ft e r H e had t ak e n o ffic e u nd e r L o uis X V I I I a nd w as

”
.
.
,

re pr s e nti ng Fra nc e at t he C o ngre ss o f V i e nna wh e n N a p o l e o n

e ,

s dd e nly c a m e b a ck fro m Elb a H e m e re ly disc o v e re d th at his

u .

live r w as a littl e o u t o f o rd e r a nd he must go t o C a rlsb ad , .

The fi rst duty o f a dipl o m at he o bs e rv d a ft e r a C o ngr e ss

“ ” “
,
e , ,

is t o t ak e c a r e O f his liv e r A fe w m o nths l t e r aft e r W a t e rl o o

.
”
a , ,

t h e r e w e r e fr e sh sympt o ms o f tr o ubl e with t he s a m e o rg a n whil ,

e

L o uis X V I I I re ga rd e d him ask nc e but t he m o m e nt he w as

. a

re app o i nt e d Mi niste r o f F o re ig n A ff irs all w as w e ll a .

The e vil T a ll e yr a nd did w a s chi e fly t o i ndividu a ls Th e .

go o d he did w a s t o Fra nc e H is public a cti o n in the Co nstitu e nt

.

A ss e mbly w a s m o st imp o rt a nt a nd in t h m a i n m o st j udici o us

,
e .

The Fr e n ch writ e rs o f th a t p e ri o d n d e v e n d o w n t o t he day o f

,
a

his d e ath h abitu a lly a scrib e d si nist e r m o tive s t o e ve ry a c t a nd

, ,

pro fe ss e d t o fi nd his hidd e n h a nd in m a ny e xc e ss e s o f t he

R e v o luti o na ry p a rty But he c a n o n ly b e fa irly j udge d no w by
.

wh at he is k no w n t o h ave d o ne a nd by th a t st a nd a rd th e re is
n o Fr e nchm a n w ho might no t b e pr o ud o f his r e c o rd in t he

C o nstitu e nt A ss e mbly H e w as t he pi o ne e r in t he e st ablish

.

m e nt o f the m e tric syst e m H e o pp o s e d t he issu e o ft he assigna ts

.
,

a nd a ccur a t e ly fo r e t o ld th e ir e n d H e pr e s e nt e d a n e l ab r at e
. o

a nd w e ll c o nsid e r e d pl a n f
-
o r t he r e fo rm o f t he fi na nc e s a nd t he ,

e st ablishm e nt o f a si n ki ng fu nd H urge d t he suppr e ssi o n o f

. e

l o tte ri e s H e pre s e nt e d in a c o mpre h e nsive re p o r t a nd bill a

.
,

j udici o us syste m o f nati o na l e duc ati o n i ncludi ng a pl an fo r the ,

 li
x v I N TR OD UC TI ON

s e cul ariz ati o n o f the s c h o o ls H e favo ure d t he p o licy o f p e ac e

.

a nd a lli a nc e with E ngl a n d Bish o p as he still w as he pre s e nt e d

.
,

t he m e a sur e fo r s e lli ng t he pr o p e rty o f t he cl e rgy a nd thus ,

s e cure d fo r t he a lm o st b ankrupt tre asury o f L o uis X V I t w o .

milli a rds o f fra ncs H e c a rri e d t he m e a su re fo r ab o lishi ng t he

.

o ppr e ssiv e tith e s o f t he cl e rgy I n e ffe ct this re pr e se nt a tiv e o f

.

t he o ld no bility o fF ra n c e sh o w e d hims e lf a m o ng t he e a rli e st t o

r e c o g niz e t he i ne vit abl e ch a nge s and l o y ally e nd e avo ure d t o
,

i ntro duc e re fo rms which w o uld e nabl e t he m o na rchy t o a d a pt

its e lf t o th e m with o ut t o o vi o l e nt a wre nch A s tim e we nt o n .
,

he b e c a m e c o nvi nc e d o f t he i nc a p a city o f t he ki ng t o m e e t t he
,

crisis Th e nc e fo rwa rd he w e nt with t he tid e but stro ve r a th e r

.
,

t o m o d e r a t e a nd r e str a i n it The a ddr e ss t o t he p e o p l e o f Fr anc e

.

which t he A ss e mbly ch o s e him t o pre p ar e bre ath e d thr o ugh o ut ,

a spirit o f g e nui ne an d a lm o st r e public a n d e v o ti o n t o t he rights

o f m a n as w e n o w u nd e rst a nd th e m .

I n o th e r a nd wid e ly diffe ri ng o cc asi o ns his i nflu e nc e w as

e x e rt e d t o p ro m o t e p e a c e a nd t o disc o ur ag e w a rs o f m e r e a m
,

biti o u H e fa ithfully wa r ne d N ap o l e o n aga i nst his S p a nish

.

p o licy a nd fe ll i nt o disgr a c e fo r a tim e thr o u gh e ffo rts t o thw a rt

,

it With th at S p anish p o licy t he d o w nfa ll o f N ap o l e o n b e ga n

.
,
.

A t Erfurt he pr o t e st e d a g a i nst t he sch e m e s o f w ant o n a tt a ck

up o n A ustri a a nd e ve n m ai nt ai ne d priva t e re l a ti o ns and had
, ,

n ightly i nt e rvi e ws with t he C z a r A l e x a n d e r t o k e e p him fr o m

b e i ng le d i nt o th e m by N a p o l e o n s imp o rtu niti e s A t a no th e r

’
.

st ag e in N ap o l e o n s e xtra o rdi na ry a ggre ssi o ns he pr o t e st e d I

’

,
“

do no t w a nt t o b e t he t o rm e n t o f Eur o p e H e l o st his pl a c e
”
.

in t he c a bi ne t o f L o uis X V I I I b e c a us e th at ki ng w o uld no t
.

t o l e rat e his pl ans fo r a n a lli a nc e with E ngl and L a t e r o n he .

,

we nt t o E ngl a nd a s t he a mb a ss a d o r o f L o uis Philipp e a nd -

th e r e ne go t i at e d t he tre a ty o f 1 8 3 4 which s e cure d his c o u ntry

,

m any y e a rs o f p e a c e a nd pro sp e rity H e re nd e r e d us e ful se r

.

vic e at t he p e a c e o f A mi e n s A t t he Co ngre ss o f V i e nna his

.

ef fo rts w e r e dir e ct e d t o a n E nglish r a th r th an t o a R ussi an

'

a lli a nc e a nd f o r this Thi e rs a nd o th e rs h a v e criticiz e d him but ,

t he m e m o irs m a k e a n e nd o f th at criticism I n t he ne g o ti a ti o ns
.

b e fo re a nd a ft e r t he H u ndre d D ays T a ll e yr and is no w s e e n to

“

h av e re nd e re d his c o u ntry o ne o f the gre at e st s e rvic e s p e rh aps ,

x lvi I N TR OD UC TI OI V .

a b e tt e r impr e ssi o n as t o t he w o rk o f T a ll e yr a n d hims e lf O ne .

o f his m o st m e rcil e ss critics S t B e uv e writi ng in 1 8 6 7 a s t

, .
, o
,

t he a nticip a ti o n s th e n fe lt c o n c e r ni ng t he pr e s e nt public a ti o n ,

j udici o usly s ays : I a m p e rsu a d e d th a t e ve rythi ng t o b e fo u nd

“

in t he l e t t e rs a nd o th e r writi ngs o f T a ll e yr a nd will giv e o ne a

m o r e fav o urabl e id e a o f him P e o pl e o f ge nius lik e his ne ve r
.

put the w o rst o f th e ir th o ughts o r o f th e ir live s o n p ap e r .

”

Wh a t w e no w fi nd th a t he did put o n p ap e r pro ve s t o b e a nd ,

w as i nt e n d e d by it s auth o r t o b e as t he Fr e n ch say a s e ri o us
, ,

b o o k — m e an i ng th e re by th at wh at e v e r its v ari e ty o f subj e cts o r

,
”

i nt e r e st in tre a tm e nt it is writt e n thro ugh o ut with a c o nst ant

,

vi w t o a s e ri o us purp o s e Wh o e ve r c o m e s t o it fo r t he e nt e r
e .

t a inm e nt which a m a n with such a w e ll gr o u nd e d r e put a ti o n fo r -

wit a nd re p a rt e e might e asily h ave fur nish e d fo r a ne cd o t e s -

,

a musi ng r e mi n isc e n c e s o f c o urt i n cid e nts a nd in g e ne r a l f o r t he

, ,

t abl e t a lk o f t he ruli ng cl a ss e s duri ng t he m o m e nt o us p e ri o ds o f

-

which it tr e ats will b e dis app o i nt e d Wh o e ve r s e e ks d e t ails

,
.

e v e n o f t he a uth o r s o w n life will b e dis app o i n t e d Th e m e m o irs

’
.

a re o bvi o usly m e an t t o b e t he e l ab o r a t e vi n dic ati o n o f a gr e a t

c a re e r no t an a ut o bi o graphy no r a live ly a cc o u nt o f t he auth o r s

,
’

tim e s no t a c o ll e cti o n o f sc a nd al o us a ne cd o t e s no r e ve n a s e ri e s
, ,

o f m a lici o us r e v e l ati o ns o f st a t e s e cr e ts t o t he hurt o fo ld e ne mi e s .

I ncid e nt a lly s o m e st at e s e cr e ts m ay b e r e v e a l e d as a m e ans o f

,

vi ndic ati o n s o m e o f the high e st re put ati o ns are m e rcil e ssly

a ss a il e d a nd c e rt a i nly s o m e o f t he m o st imp o rt a n t o ccurr e n c e s
,

in t he hist o ry o f m o d e r n Eur o p e a re se t in a ne w light But t he .

o ne c o ntr o lli n g a im o f Pri n c e T a ll e yr a nd w as t o e lucid at e a nd

vi ndic a t e his o w n l a rge p a rt in t he e ve nts o fh is tim e .

H e d o e s it with a c e rt a i n h a ughty dig nity H e a p o l o giz e s .

fo r no thi ng H e c o nc e iv e s th a t he g av e t o e v e ry g o v e r n m e nt he
.

se rye d a s much a s he r e c e iv e d fr o m it a n d he g o e s f a r t o w a rds

,

a dduci ng t h e pr o o f H e narr a t e s wi t h o ut p assi o n a nd r e a s o ns

.
,

ge ne rally o n t he high pl a ne o f t he re a l i nt e r e sts o f his c o u ntry ,

a n d t h e r e a l i nt e r e sts o f Eur o p e which he d e cl a r e s w e r e no t

,

a nt ag o nistic .

H e has b e e n w e ll s e rv e d by th o s e t o wh o m he c o mmitt e d his

m e m o irs Th e y h ave b e e n a bl e t o s e cure t he a dmirabl e e x e c u
.

ti o n o f his wish e s e ve n a ft e r th e y h ave fo ll o we d him t o t he grave

,
.

The a uth o r hims e lf c o uld no t fa il t o b e c o nt e nt with t he a dm ir

 I rV TR OD U C TI ON . xl vii

a bl e e diti ng which it fi n lly fe ll t t he D u e de Bro gli e t o give t

a o o

his wo rk ; a nd t he e mi ne nt abili t i e s o f th at Fre nch st at e sm an

h ave ne v e r a cc o mplish e d m o r e skilfully m o r di fficult t sk th an a e a

in his pr e f t o ry a na lysis a nd a ppr e ci a ti o n o f T a ll e yr nd s c a r r

’
a a ee .

Th e m m o irs a re wri t t e n in a pur e a nd a dmir bl e Fr nch styl e

e a e ,

t h ch rm o f which d e fi e s tr a nsl ti o n but in M de B e aufo rt t he

e a a .

publish e rs h v fo u nd a tra nsl t o r wh o s e pre vi us re nd e ri ng

a e a o

o f t he m e m o irs o f t he l a t e D u e de Br o gli e a n d o f Pri nc e J e r o m e s

’

N p l n a nd ms D tr t rs g av e e v ry gu a r a nt e e o f a ccur cy
a o eo e ac o ,
e a ,

whil e his sch l a rship nd f mili arity with the subj e ct l e nd v lu

o a a a e

t t he no t e s h e h
o dd e d as a .

The gr at p e ri o ds in T ll yr a nd s c a r e e r w e r e t he C o nstitu e nt
’
e a e

A e ss mbly ; t h e first y rs f his c o —

o p r a ti o n with N a p o l e o n ;
ea o e

t he l a t r y e a rs w h e n he r e sist e d but w a s still a bl e t

e i nflue nc e o

N p o l e n s ggre ssi o ns ; t he C o ngr ss o f V i e nna a nd t he l as t

a o
’
a e

missi o n t o E ngl and On t he fi rst o f th e s e fo r re as o ns h e re a fte r

.
,

sugge st e d the m e m o irs give l e ss ne wi nfo rm ati o n th an w as t o b e

,

e xp e ct e d Th e ir a cc o u nt o f t he re sist nc e t o N a p o l e o n e nh anc e s
. a

t he e stim t e o f T a ll e yr a nd s w o rk a t th a t e p o ch a nd in th e ir
’
a

st o ry o f the trans a cti o ns at V i e nna w e se e fo r t he fi rst tim e in

a n a d e qu a t e light the gr e a t dipl o m atis t at t he h e ight o f his
,

p o we rs and wi nni ng his w o rthi e st triumphs H e we nt t o V i e nna

,
.

t he r e pre s e nt a tiv e o f a pr o str t e n ti o n a nd o f a thr o ne pr o pp e d a a ,

up by t he b ay o ne ts o f t h a rmy th a t ha d c o nqu e r e d it H e e .

fo u nd t he vi ct o rs app o rti o ni ng the sp o il wi t h o ut re fe re nc e t o him _ ,

a n d wi t h o ut e v e n a dmitti ng him t o th e ir c o nfe r e nc e s H e ha d .

ne ith e r physic a l p o w r no r m o r a l pr e s t ig e b e hi nd him

e no gre t a

a rmy no e st blish e d i nstituti o ns ; h a rdly e ve n a c o u ntry ; a nd

,
a

t he v e ry i nstructi o ns h e b o r e he h d writt e n hims e lf H e st o o d

’

a .

a l o n e a g a i n st Eur o p e A nd ye t in a fe w m o nt hs by sh e r fo rc e
.
,
e

o f i nt e ll e ct a nd skill he h a d divid e d t he a lli e s h d s e cur e d t h

, ,
a e

t rrit o ri a l i nt e grity o f his c o u ntry had ne go ti a t e d m o st us e ful

e ,

a lli nc e s ha d gre atly str e ngth e ne d t he Fr e nch thr o ne ha d d o ne

a , ,

s o m e thi ng t o wa rds pre v e nti ng t he w nt n p artiti n o f o th e r a o o

n a ti o na liti e s a nd ha d put Fr a nc e a g i n in he r l e a di ng p o siti o n

,
a

in Eur o p e .

The p o pul a r id e a w as ( in a cc o rd an c e with t he hi nt which he

hims e lf thre w o u t ) th at he fo rb ad e the public ati o n o f his m nu
, a

scripts fo r so l o ng a p e ri o d aft e r his d e ath b e c a us e th e y c o m

xl vii i I N TR OD UC TI ON

pro mis e d t o o m any re put a ti o ns I t is quit e as pro b abl e th a t his .

s e ns e o f the ge ne ra lly h o stil e j udgm e nt o f his c o nt e mp o ra ri e s

a nd p a rticul a rly o f his c o u nt rym e n w as so k e e n th a t he wish e d ,

t o m a k e his fi na l a pp e a l o n b e h a lf o f his o w n r e put a ti o n t o

a no th e r g e ne r ati o n .

O n this th e o ry o f t he purp o s e with wh ich th e y w e re writt e n ,

th e s e m e m o irs h ave a n i nt e re st fro m the p o i nts o n which th e y

a re sil e n t as w e ll a s fr o m th o s e th e y e lucid a t e
,
Wh at he c o uld .

no t d e fe nd o r wh at h e d e spis e d t o o much t o c a re t o d e fe nd he
, ,

ig no re s .

O n t he subj e ct O f his e a rly a nd c o nst a n t r e c e ipt o f brib e s ,

th e r e is a pro fo u nd sil e nc e Y e t his v e nality w as so no t o ri o us .

a n d so m o nstr o us th a t N a p o l e o n d e n o u n c e d him f o r it a g a i n

a nd a g a i n ; d e t a ils ha d r e p e at e dly a pp e a r e d in sp e cifi c c as e s ,

a nd st t e m e nts h a d b e e n publish e d duri ng his life tim e

a u nd e r ,

t aki ng t o sh o w t he v a ri o us it e ms a nd s o urc e s fo r his re c e ipts ’

o f s o m e thirty milli o n s o f fr ancs a cquir e d in a f e w y e a rs o f ,

of fi ci a l life b e fo re t he pr o cl a m ati o n o f t he Empir e I t w as a .

1

1
I n th elif f T ll e yr nd by L uis B astid publish e d m 1 83 8 fe w m nths o nly
e o a a o e, , a o

a fte r Tall yr nd 5 d ath the fo ll o wi ng t bl e 1 5 g i ve n o f his re ce ipts f r thr e e y e ars

e a
’

e , a o

F ra ncs .

F r o m P o rtug l a

F r o m A ustri fo r t he s e cre t rticl e s in th e C o nve nti n o f

a a o

C m p o F o rm i in 1 7 9 7
a o

F r o m P russi fo r h vi ng d is e d it o f th e s e articl e s and p re

a, a a v ,

v e nt d th ir x e cuti o n
e e e

F r o m t he E l e ct o r o f H van a a

F ro m th e King o f N apl e s as the pric e o f re c o gnizi ng his ,

ne utr ality
F r o m the P o p e
F r m th e King o f S r d
o ini a a

F r o m th e Gr nd D uk e o f Tusc ny 1 n o rd e r th t the F re nch

a a a

t ro ps sh o uld r sp e ct his t e rrit o ry

o e

F r o m the C i A lpi ne R e pu b lic in o rd e r t o o bt ai n a ne w

s- ,

gre e m e nt
a

F r o m th B t v n R e public f r the s m e o bj e ct
e a a 1a , o a

D uri ng the first six m nths f th C ngre ss o fR as t dt o o e o a

F o r his sh re in the priz e s m d e by F r e nch priv te e rs o n

a a a

n utr l v e ss ls
e a e

F r m th P ri nc e d l P ix
o e e a a 1 ooo ooo , ,

F ro m t he G r nd V izi e r a

F r m t he H ns tic citi e s
o a ea

N t pr fits fro m sp cul ti o ns in F re nch nd f r ign fu nd s

e o e a a o e

duri ng the n go ti t i o ns o f L o rd M l me sbury t L ill e

e a a a

To which sh o uld b e add e d the e no r m o us pro fits which h r e aliz e d by his p ratio ns e o e on

th e S to ck E xchange o n the 1 8th Bru m aire The author adds th t all th e s e d e t ils h . a a ad
 I N TR OD UC TI ON xl xi
subj e ct o n which th e re w as no thi ng to b e s aid and the s agaci o us ,

dipl o m at k ne w wh e n to say no thi ng .

But asid e fro m N ap o l e o n s ch a rge s o ra l a nd writt e n as w e ll ’

, ,

as fr o m th o s e o f Fre nch p o litici a ns a nd j o ur na ls which he

p e rh aps th o ught he c o uld a ffo rd t o ig no r e th e re w as o ne ,

a rr a ig n m e n t ag a i nst him f o r bl a ckm a il so dir e c t d e t a il e d

'

and , , ,

a uth o rit a tiv e th a t he might h av e b e e n e xp e ct e d t o o ff

,
e r e ith e r

a n e xpl a nati o n a d e ni al o r a c o u nt e r a tt ack

,
This w as t he
,
-
.

c as e se t fo rth by t he thre e A m e ric a n C o mmissi o ne rs and Mi nis

t e rs Pl e nip o t e nti a ry M e ssrs C h a rl e s C Pi nck ne y J o h n M a rsh all
, . .
, ,

a nd Elbridg e G e rry in a s e ri e s o f o f fici al d e sp atch e s to the S e cre

,

t ary o f S t at e o f the U nit e d S t ate s transmitt e d to Co ngre ss in ,

sp e ci a l m e ss ag e s by J o h n A d a ms th e n t he Pre sid e nt I n e ffe ct , .

,

T a ll e yr and as M i nist e r o f Fo re ig n A ffairs u nd e r t he Dire ct o ry

, ,

re fus e d t he c o mmissi o ne rs o ffici a l re c o gniti o n u nl e ss he c o uld

b e a ssure d th a t th e y w o uld giv e him p e rs o na lly a gratific ati o n “

o f t w o hu ndr e d and fi fty th o us a nd d o ll a rs a nd m a k e a l o an t o ,

t he Dire ct o ry o f thirty t w o milli o ns o f Dutch fl o rins -

H e k e pt .

th e m d a nci ng att e nd anc e fo r m o nths a nd l o ng d e cli ne d t o t a k e ,

up th e ir busi ne ss at a ll the d e m a nd fo r t he m o ne y b e i ng m e an
,

tim e o fte n re p e at e d M r B e ll amy o f H amburg a nd M r H au t a l

. . . v ,

with o ne o r t w o o th e rs wh o s e nam e s h av e b e e n pre s e rve d in t he

S t at e d e p a rtm e nt at W ashi ngt o n but ne ve r discl o s e d a ct e d at , ,

fi rst as i nt e rm e di ari e s Th e y pre s e nt e d t he d e m ands o ra lly

.
1
,

a n d in writi ng a nd p e rsist e ntly a rgu e d t he n e c e ssity f

, o r co m

p lianc e Th e y b o re m e ss age s fro m T a ll e yrand a rrange d fo r

.
,

m e e ti ngs with him and s o m e o f th e m acc o mp ani e d t he c o mmis

,

sio ne rs t o th e s e m e e ti ngs T a ll e yrand hi m s e lf r e p e at e d the

.

d e m and fo r t he l o an e x actly as th e y had pre s e nt e d it and

, ,

urge d it with the s am e a rgum e nts H e e ve n put it in writi ng .

,

p e rmitt e d o ne o f t he c o mmissi o ne rs t o re ad it and th e n with ,

dre w a nd burnt the m a nuscript H e did no t pe rs o na lly d e m and .

t he gratific ati o n o f a qu art e r o f a milli o n d o ll ars but m e re ly

”
,

s aid in re ply to Mr Elbridge G e rry s re m a rk th at the s e s e e m e d

, .
’

much t he s a m e fi na nci a l vi e ws Mr B e ll amy had b e e n urgi ng th at .

,
“

be e n publish e d in v ari o us w o rks ,

and th at M . Ta ll e yrand had neve r d re d to re fut e a or
c o rr e ct th s e figure s
e .
'
1
Treaties a nd Conv en t ions betw een tire United S ta tes a n d at ner P owers, w it/z N otes
on the N eg otia tio ns o e nm e n e
. G vr
o n, 9 98 t diti p . .

VO L . I .
 I N TR OD UC TI ON

t he i nfo rm ati o n M r B e ll amy had give n him was j ust and might
.
,

a lw ays b e r e li e d o n Mr B e ll a my w as the o ne w ho had b e e n

” 1
. .

m o st p e rti naci o us a nd e xplicit ab o ut the gratific ati o n and he “

,

w as pre s e nt a t this c o nv e rs a ti o n The A m e ric an c o mmissi o ne rs . ,

thro ugh m o nths o f s o licit ati o n sturdily re fus e d t he d e m ands , ,

a nd dip lo m at ic re lat io ns b e tw e e n t he t w o c o u ntri e s w e r e fi na lly

'

bro k e n o ff The Pre sid e nt in c o mmu nic ati ng t he l a st o f t he

.
,

c o rre sp o nd e nc e t o Co ngre ss s a id I will ne ve r s e nd ano th e r

, ,
“

mi niste r to Franc e with o ut assura nc e s th a t he will b e re c e ive d ,

re sp e cte d a nd h o no ure d as t he re pre s e nt ative o f a gre a t fre e

, , ,

p o we rful and i nd e p e nd e nt nati o n 2 The d o cum e nts l e ave no

,
.
”

m o ral d o ubt o f t he st o ry ; the y w e re pri nt e d in t he v o lum e s

c o mprisi ng t he Pre sid e nt s o ffi ci al c o mmu nic a ti o ns t o C o ngre ss
’

a nd ha d b e e n b e fo r e t he w o rld f o r a qu a rt e r o f a c e ntury wh e n

th e s e m e m o irs w e re c o mpl e t e d The a bs e nc e o f a li ne o f re fe r

.

e nc e t o th e m is as i nt e re sti ng in its w a y as a nythi ng Pri nc e

T a ll e yr and c o uld h ave s a id o n t he subj e ct .

H e sp e nt m a ny m o nths in t he U nit e d S t at e s s o o n a ft e r t he
e st ablishm e nt o f th e ir i nd e p e nd e nc e in which Franc e had aid e d , ,

a nd whil e a r e vo luti o n stimul at e d in p a rt by t he A m e ric an

,

e x a mpl e w as in pr o gr e ss in his o w n l a nd ; but he fo u nd in his

, ,

re c o ll e cti o ns o f his A m e ric a n visit a lm o st no thi ng sugge st e d by ,

e ith e r e v e nt a nd no thi ng c o nc e r ni ng t he gr e a t m a n th e n C hi e f
,

M agistrat e o f t he c o u ntry which g ave him h o spit a lity H is .

l a ck o f symp athy with re public a nism wh e th e r in t he U nit e d ,

S t at e s o r in Fra nc e e xpl ai ns t he o ne a nd G e ne r al W a shi ngt o n s

’
,

re fus a l t o re c e ive him e xpl ai ns t he o th e r L o rd L ansd o w ne .

h ad giv e n him a w a rm l e tt e r o f i ntro ducti o n t o Washing to n ,

s e tti ng fo rth th at T all e yrand was re ally in e xil e b e c aus e ,

a lth o ugh a bish o p he had d e sire d t o pro m o t e t he g e ne r a l

,

fre e d o m O f worship and e ul o gizi ng him fo r h avi ng s acrific e d his

,

a mbiti o n in t he C hurch t o his d e v o ti o n t o pri ncipl e W ashi ngt o n .

p o ssibly had his o w n vi e ws as t o t he e xte nt to which T a ll e y

rand s e xile was due to his high re ligi o us pri ncipl e s H a milt o n s
’ ’

i nflu e nc e a lways gre at —w as j o i ne d t o L o rd L ansd o wne s

.

’
,

e ul o gy ; but b o th w e r e u nav a ili ng The r e fus a l t o r e c e ive t he .

Fre nch e xil e h o we ve r was qui e tly put up o n p o litic al gro u nds
, , .

1 798— p p
1 2
A merican S tate P apers, 1 80 3 , vo l. iv . . 25 . l aid . . 1 37 .
 I N TR OD U C TI ON li

To m e n this tim e it s e e ms t hat no p a rt o f T a ll e yrand s

of
’

life w as m o re cre dit abl e o r us e ful th an th at sp e nt in t he Co n

s t it u e nt A ss e mbly But this sci o n o f t he o ld no bility o f Fr a nc e
.

ha d ne ve r ch a ng e d his r e a l p o litic a l vi e ws H e w as a lways a .

m o na rchist — in t he A ss e mbly u nd e r t he Dire ct o ry u nd e r , ,

N ap o l e o n H e wish e d t o a ssist L o uis X V I u ntil he b e c a m e

. .
,

c o nvi nc e d th a t t he c o nstituti o nal fe e bl e ne ss a nd o bsti na cy o f

th at m o na rch w e r e b e y o nd h e lp The mi nist e rs . he s ays
“ ”
, ,

did no t k no w th at a rbitrary p o we r has no right t o pu nish with

m o d e rati o n th o se w ho r e sist it a nd th at by its ve ry nature it is
,

re quire d e ith e r t o ig no r e o r t o crush its e ne mi e s Wh e n he .

”

fo u nd th a t t he ki ng wo uld no t att e mpt in s e as o n t o ac t up o n

such pri ncipl e s T a ll e yra nd ab a nd o ne d t he m o narchy and t o o k
, ,

c a re o f hims e lf But whil e he we nt with t he R e public an

.

curr e nt he w as ne v e r re public an H e fo u nd the re fo re littl e

,
.
, ,

s a tisfa cti o n in his h o no urabl e and brilli ant re c o rd in t he Co n

st it u e nt A ss e mbly a nd his a cc o u nt o f it
,
in vi e w o f its r e a l ,

imp o rt anc e is m e agre , .

S O h e t o uch e s v e ry lightly his e xtr ao rdi nary r e l ati o ns t o t he

C hurch But he t a k e s p ai ns t o m ak e it cl e a r th at he w as fo rc e d
.

i nt o t he pri e sth o o d a nd th at he ne ve r fe lt any re a l c a lli ng fo r

,

his s acre d vo c ati o n H e is e qu a lly c are ful t o sho w th at in

.

critic a l e m e rg e nci e s he had b e e n abl e t o do R o m e s e rvic e and ,

th at t he fe e li ngs o f t he P o p e t o wards him we re fri e ndly .

The sc a nd als o f his priv at e life a s pri e st a nd bish o p r e c e iv e

o nly su fli c ie nt a llusi o n t o i ndic a t e his c o nt e mpt f o r t he subj e ct .

Thus his r e l ati o ns t o the C o u nt e ss F lahau t w e re k no wn a nd a ,

l e tt e r t o he r had b e e n publish e d in which d e scribi ng his e x e rcis e

, ,

o f his s a cr e d fu n cti o ns a t t he gr e a t c e r e m o ny o f t he N a ti o na l

O a th in t he C h amp de M ars he fi rst hi nts at his o w n l a ck o f

, ,

r e ligi o us faith and th e n s ays I h o p e yo u fe e l t o wh at divi nity

,
“

I y e st e rd ay addre ss e d my pr aye rs a nd my o ath o f fi d e lity Yo u .

a l o ne a re t he S upr e m e B e i ng wh o m I a d o r e a nd a lw ays will ,

a d o re The husb a nd o f t he C o u nt e ss a ft e rwa rds l o st his h e a d

”
.

o n t he guill o ti ne ; a nd t he wid o w in e xil e a t H a mburg w as ,

a b o ut t o c o ntra ct a no th e r m a rri ag e as T a ll e yr a nd re turni ng

, ,

fro m his e xil e c am e t o t he s ame pl ace Wh e n she h e ard o f his

, .

purp o s e she r e qu e st e d him no t t o c o m e si nc e she fe are d th at his ,

d 2
li i I N TR OD UC TI ON

pre s e nc e c o upl e d with the st o ri e s o f th e ir fo rm e r re l ati o ns might

, ,

e mb a rr a ss he r appr o a chi ng m a rri ag e The o ld m a n o f e ighty .

puts this in his m e m o irs as a n a musi ng i nst anc e o f fe mi ni ne

simplicity and s ays th at o f c o urs e he p aid no att e nti o n t o the
, , ,

r e qu e st H e go e s o n th e n t o t e ll o f m ee ti ng M ad am e de G e nlis
.

a ag i n a
,
n d o f fi n di n g h e r u n ch a ng e d — the s a m e M a d am e de
G e nlis o f wh o m in re l a ti o n t o t he D ue d O rléans he had t ak e n ’

o cc asi o n t o say in his m e rcil e ss p o rtr a it o f th a t pri n c e M ad a m e ,

de G e nlis a lw ays surre nd e r e d e a rly t o av o id sc a nd al

”
, .

T all e yrand e vid e ntly ch e rish e d bitt e r m e m o ri e s o f his e x

pulsi o n fro m E ngl a nd by Pitt but he fi nds it w e ll t o p a ss t he ,

subj e ct with the slight e st p o ssibl e m e nti o n N o r d o e s he r e fe r .

a t all t o t he str a ng e l e tt e rs he had pr e vi o usly s e nt his G o v e r n

m e nt r e p o rti ng th at E ngl a nd w as pr a ctic a lly o n t he ve rge o f a

,

r e vo luti o n lik e th at o f Fr anc e a na lyzi ng t he i nad e qu at e milit ary

, ,

r e s o urce s at h and t o m e e t it a nd pro p o si ng a pl an fo r a Fre nch

,

i nvasi o n and c apture o f I re l and Eight d ays he s a id we re .

, ,

su ffi ci e nt t o l and m e n a t tw e nty o r thirty diffe r e nt p o i nts .

A s a m att e r o f prud e nc e th e y might p e rh aps g o in t he ch a r a c t e r

,

o f e n res so as t o a v o id a r o usi ng t he suspici o ns o f t he G o v e r n

’ '

m e nt . O nc e m ast e rs o f t he pri ncip al p o rts

“
he c o nti nu e d , ,

o nc e with t h e E nglish fl e e t in o u r p o w e r w e c a n e a sily bri ng

“
,

fro m Fra nc e such re i nfo rc e m e nts as are ne e d e d ; a nd b e sid e s ,

as t he m a rch o f o u r tr o o ps will h av e b e e n pr e c e d e d by a
pro cl a m ati o n in the nam e o f t he s o v e re ig n p e o pl e o f Fr nc e a ,

a ddr e ss e d t o t he s o v e r e ig n p e o pl e o f Gr e a t Brit a i n a nd I r e l a n d ,

a s th e ir fa ithful a lli e s no d o ubt this c o u ntry will b e thr o w n i n t o

,

a r e v o luti o n m o r e pr o mpt a nd m o r e h a ppy th a n th a t o f 1 6 8 8 .

The e l e m e nts fo r a r e public are rip e r in E ngl and th an th e y

we re in Fra nc e fo ur y e ars ago and it m ay t ak e fe we r we e ks fo r ,

E ngl and t o a cc o mplish this gre at a nd s alut ary ch ang e th a n w e ,

sp e nt y e ars .
”1

With t he grave st ch arg e affe cti ng his r e put ati o n as a pub

lic m an T a ll e yr a nd d o e s d e a l a t l e ngth but aft e r his o w n
, ,

fashi o n H e m ak e s no t t he slight e st c o nce a lm e nt o f his e ffo rts

.

t o thw a rt t he pl a ns o f his m a st e rs H e narr at e s th e m o ft e n in .

d e t ail with e ntire simplicity a nd t he utm o st dire ct ne ss But

, .

1
Le tt e r ll e yrand
o f Ta to L e bru n d t e d O ct o b r
, a e 1 0, 1 79 2 .
l iv I N TR OD UC TI ON

such a m an t o thwa rt him wh e n it s e e m e d ne e dful in the i nt e re st

,

o f Fr a nc e . Wh e n this c o uld no l o ng e r b e d o ne it w as right t o ,

pre p a re t he w ay fo r a B o urb o n succ e ss o r—in t he i nt e re st o f

Fra nc e Wh e n t he re st o re d B o urb o ns did no t m e e t his vi e ws it
.
,

w as right t o pl o t fo r th e ir displ a c e m e nt by t he so n o f th at D u d
d O rléa ns wh o m he had p a i nt e d as a br a i nl e ss a nd h e a rtl e ss
’

m o nste r—in t he i nt e re st o f Fra nc e I n o th e r c a s e s t he sugge st e d

.

d e fe nc e is a lw ays t he s a m e wh e re v e r he d e ce ive d he r rul e rs he

did it all fo r t he g o o d o f Fra nc e .

N o d o ubt t he pl e a will h ave fo rc e e sp e ci ally with his c o u ntry

,

m en . M o ralists i nd e e d will re g a rd with surpris e t he cl aim th a t

a mi nist e r th o ugh h o ldi ng o n t o his o f
,
fic e no l o nge r o w e s p e rs o na l
,

l o y a lty t o his s o v e re ign wh e n in his j udgm e nt t he s o ve re ig n is

,

s a crifici ng t he i nt e re sts o f his c o u ntry t o his o wn Th e y will .

a sk wh e th e r e v e n in such gr e a t e m e rg e nci e s t he e nd c an b e
, ,

a dmitt e d t o j ustify t he m e a n s Wh at e ve r the a nswe r Fre nch

.
,

m e n at any r at e a nd v e ry p o ssibly t he w o rld at l a rg e will h av e

, , ,

a ki n dli e r fe e li ng fo r t he v e t e r a n public s e rv a n t w ho is a bl e t o sh o w

th at e ve n at such c o st he did in gre at cris e s s e rv e his c o u ntry

, , .

The m e m o irs will no t ch ang e t he w o rld s v e rdict o n t he p ro fligat e

’

A bb é o f P erig o rd a nd Bish o p o f A utu n Th e y will no t light e n

.

t he c e nsur e o n t he F o r e ig n Mi n ist e r w ho m ad e m e rch a ndis e o f

his tr e ati e s a nd b e c a m e a milli o na ire o n brib e s Th e y will no t
,
.

m ak e t he wo rld thi nk it h o no urabl e in him t o h ave d e c ive d o r e

b e tray e d in tur n a lm o st e ve ry m a n u nd e r wh o m he h e ld o ffic e .

N e ve rth e l e ss th e y will h e ight e n a nd bro a d e n his fa m e The

, .

o ld m a n w a s wis e a s usu a l
,
in m a ki ng his a pp e al t o a l at e r
,

ge ne rati o n H e pl ay e d a gre at p a rt and as its pro p o rti o ns a re

.

h e re re ve al e d t he sp a c e fo r him in the hist o ry o f his tim e s must

,

b e m at e ri ally e nl arg e d .
 I D O no t k no w wh at titl e to give t o this writi ng I t is no t
.

a lit e r a ry w o rk : it is full o f r e p e titi o ns

. I c a n sc a rc e ly c all

it My M em oirs fo r my life a nd r e l ati o ns will b e fo u nd

,

m e nti o ne d in it as s e ld o m as I c o uld h e lp To give this l arge

.

wo rk the titl e o f: M y Op inion on tne Afi a irs of my Tim e ,

w o uld b e a t e rm p e rh aps j usti fi e d but a ls o to o d e cid e d t o b e

, ,

a t t he h e a d o f t he pr o ducti o n o f a m a n w ho has d o ubt e d as

much as I h ave in my life A phil o s o phic a l titl e w o uld b e

.

i nco mpl e t e o r e x agge ra t e d I th e re fo re b e gi n with o ut titl e

.
,

a nd with o ut a d e dic a ti o n f
, o r I r e c o g niz e in t he Duch e ss e de

Di no al o ne the o blig ati o n o f d e fe ndi ng my m e m o ry .

 C O N T E N TS .

PAR T I .

TH E Y EAR S P R E C E D I N G T H E R E VO LU TI O N .

1 —
7 5 4 1 79 1
Tall e yr an d
’
s b irth —H is p ar e n t s—E arly y e ar s—I s tr ai ne d fo r t he C hur c h
S e nt t o R h e i m s—C o r o nati o n of —A pp o i nt e d A g e nt g e ne r a l
Lo ui s X V I .
-

t o t h e c l e r g y —F r e n c h so c i e ty b e fo r e th e R e v o luti o n— C o m t e de C h o i se ul
G o u ffi e r—Am e ric an W ar o f I n d e p e n d e n c e —R e lat io ns b e t w e e n E ng m

l an d and F r an c e —T urg o t —de Ve rge nne s C alo nne — N e c ke r —The fl

de fi c it —The A sse m bly o f th e N o t a bl e s—Th e m e e ti ng o f th e S t a t e s

G e ne r al— P u b li c o pi n i o n and th e cl e rgy—The F r e n ch a ri st o cr ac y o n th e
e ve o f l u ti o n— Tal l e y ran d a pp o i nt e d d e puty o f the cl e rgy to
th e R e v o
th e S t a t e s G e ne r al —P r e m o n it o ry sy m pt o m s o f th e R e v o l uti o n— Th e
-

C o m t e d A rt o is Th e e m igr a ti o n o f t h e no bl e s Th e C o nstitu e n t
’

A sse m b l y— R e stric ti o n o f th e r o y al pr e r o g ati v e s—C ivi l c o n stituti o n o f

th e cl e rgy —T all e yr an d c o n se c r a t e s th e fi r st c o n stituti o na l bi sh o p s
R e sig n s th e b i sh o pri c o fA u tu n— I n t e rvi e w b e tw e e n T a ll e yr an d an d t h e
C o m t e d A rtO is—B ar o nde V itr o ll e s l e tt e r t o M de B ac o urt
’ ’

—1 0 8
. .

P ag es 1

PAR T I I .

TH E D U C D o R L EAN s
’
.

G e ne r al c o nsid e r ati o ns on the i m po rt ance o f p ri vat e M em oirs and r e li ab l e

b i o g r aphi e s t o hi st o ry —L i ne age o f Lo ui s P hilipp e J o se ph fi fth D u e - -

H is e du c a ti o n — H is
,

d O rléan s—H is e arl y y e ar s and di sp o siti o ns

’

fri v o lity and dry ne ss o f h e art —H is m a rri ag e with M a d e m o i se ll e de

e

P e n thi evr e —A sso c i at e s o fth e D u e d O rle an s—M de V o y e r —Abb e Y v o n

’ ’

—M de L ill e — M de V o y e r s p hil o so phy —M de V o y e r and M de

.

M a ur e p as—The P ri nc e de L am b all e —The M ar q ui s de C o nfl ans—C ru e l

. . . .

i ndi ffe r e nce o f the D ue d O rléans—M de B ir o n —The liaisons o f the

’

D u e d O rléan s—The P ri n c e sse de B o uill o n—The M a r q ui s de F l e ury

.

The P ri nce sse de Lam b all e —M a d am e de S ill e ry C o m t e sse de G e nli s ,

lviii C ON TE N TS .

Her i nfl u e nc e o ve r the D ue de C h art r e s— H e r l it e r ary pr o du c ti o ns

C o u n t de C a gl i o str o —Th e C h e v a li e r de L u x e m burg — S p e cul ati o n s o f
th e D u e d O rléans— O utr a g e o u s pr o c e e di n g s o f thi s pri nc e t o w a rd s h is
’

tr e asur e r S egu i n— Th e D u c d O rléans wi sh e s t o b e c o m e g r an d a d m ir a l

’
-

—H e is a pp o i n t e d c o l o ne l ge ne r al o f h u ssar s—M a d e m o i se ll e A rno ul d

,

-
,

t h e fam o u s a c tr e ss— J o u rn e y o f th e D u e d O rléan s t o E n gl an d an d t o

’

I t aly — H e fall s se ri o u sly ill— G r an d m ast e r o f th e fr e e m aso n s—D e -

b au c h e ry and d e pr av ity o f th e D u e d O rléan s—A g it ati o n in F r an c e

’

F o r e b o di n g s o f th e R e v o luti o n—Th e de fi c it—M de C al o nn e s u m m o ns .

a n asse m b ly o f t h e N o t abl e s— I n tri u e s o f t h e D u e d O rléans a g a i n st

’

g
t h e k i n g —Th e M a r q ui s D u c re st— A m biti o n o f th e D u e d O rléan s
’

M e asur e s t ak e n b y th e A rc hb i sh o p o f T o u l o u se a g ai n st th e p arle m e nts

— M and M d m e de S e m o nv ille —
. . A l o a n o f ! 1 6 ooo ooo —
’

G e n e r al dis , ,

c o n t e n t o f t h e p e o pl e — L o ui s X V I r e fu se s t o a ll o w th e D u e d O rléan s
’
.

t o g o o n a v i sit t o E n gl an d — D i f fe r e n c e s b e tw e e n th e Q u e e n and th e
D u e d O rléan s— Tri an o n—Th e D u e d O rléans b e c o m e s th e h e a d o f a ll
’ ’

m al c o nt e n t s— M de L i m o n s a bility —A bb e S a b a ti e r de C a br e —Th e lz ts
'
’
.

de j u stice—Th e M ar q ui s de L am o ign o n—Th e e di c t o f 1 7 87 and th e

P r o t e st a n t s—Th e si tti ng o f N o v e m b e r 1 9 1 7 87 —M d E sp re sm énil ’
.
,

P ubli c pr o t e s t o fth e D u e d O rléans a g a i nst t h e k i n g s o rd e r s— L e p e lle t ie r

’ ’

de S t F a rg e a u —
.
-
I m pri so nm e n t o f t h e Ab b é s F r et e a u a n d S a b a ti e r
E xil e o f t h e D u e d O rléans—P o pul a r o utbur st o f s ym p a th y o n thi s
’

m e a sur e b e i n g k no wn— I n t e rv e n ti o n o f th e p a rle m ent o f P ari s— E ne r

g e ti c a ttitu d e o f L o u i s X V I —Th e D u c d o rl eans fo rgiv e n b y th e k i n g
.
’

S t ru ggl e b e tw e e n M de B ri e nn e an d th e p a rle me nts— S tri n g e n t m e a sur e s

.

o fth e g o v e rnm e n t P r e m o nit o ry sym p t o m s o f th e R e v o luti o n— R i o t in

t he F a ub o urg S t A n t o i n e — M -
de L ac lO S — A bb é S i ey es—P r oj e c t o f
r e fo rm s dr awn u p b y th e D u e d o rl eans fo r th e S t at e s G e ne r al —J u dg
. .

’
-

m e n t o f P ri n c e Ta ll e yr an d o n t he p o li tic al p a rt pl ay e d b y th e D u e
d O rléan s— Th e o rigi n and c a u se s o f th e R e v o lu ti o n P ag es 1 09—1 64
’

PA R T I I I .

TH E CO N V E N TI O N ,
TH E D I R E C TO R Y ,
TH E CO N S U LATE ,
TH E EA R L Y
Y EAR S O F TH E E MPIR E .

1 791 — 1 80 8 .

D an g e r s thr ea t e ni ng the r o y al fam ily —Tall e yr an d g o e s t o Lo nd o n with a

l e tt e r o f L o u i s X V I t o th e K i ng o f E n gl an d —D e fe a t o f the F r e nc h
.

tr o o p s u nd e r th e D u e de B ir o n— A u gu st I O —A b o liti o n o f r o y a lty
C o ul d th e r o y al fam ily h av e b e e n sav e d in 1 7 9 2 —Ta ll e yr a n d e n t ru st e d
with a s ci e n ti fi c m i ssi o n t o E n gl an d—The M a r q ui s o f Lan sd o wne—The
M a r q u i s o f H asti ng s—D o ct o r s P ri ce and P ri e stl e y — G e o rg e C ann i ng
S am u e l R o m illy—J e r e m y B e nth am — L o rd H e n ry P e tty — C h arl e s F o x
—The r e sp onsibl e a uth o r s o f the R e vo luti o n—The A li e n B ill —Lo rd
M e l v i ll e W i l li am P itt —Tall e yr an d e xp e ll e d fr om E ngl an d —S t a rt s fo r
-
 C ON TE N TS . lix
A m e ri c a —N e rly shipwr e c ke d—S t ay
a at F alm o uth—G e ne r a l A r no l d
L an d s at P hil a d e lphi a -
M de B e au m e tz —W illi am P e nn— Th e M o r
br e thr e n—The spirit o f e n t e rpri se in A m e ric a— G e ne r a l H am ilt o n
.

a v ani
—A m e ri c an c o m m e rci al c o m p e titi o n and it s r e sult s— Ta ll e yr an d at
C h en i e r s r e q u e st is a uth o riz e d t o r e tur n t o F r an c e — S t art s fo r H am
’

b urg — M a d am e de F lah au t an d Tall e yr an d —R e tur n s t o P a ri s—E l e c t e d

a m e m b e r o f t h e I nstit u t— M a d am e de S t a é l—T a ll e yr an d an d B a rr a s
’

Ta ll e yr an d a pp o i n t e d M i n i st e r o f F o r e ig n A ffa ir s—W hy h e a c c e pt e d
fi c e — C a r n o t an d B arr a s Ta ll e yr an d s fi r st l e tt e r t o B o na p a rt e
’
of

T r e a ty o f C a m p o F o r m i o — L o rd M a l m e sbury —
-
F ru c ti d o r 1 8 F ir s t
i n t e rvi e w b e t we e n B o na p art e and Ta ll e yr an d— Ca th e ri ne o f R u ssi a and
t he F r e n c h R e v o lu ti o n— Th e D ir e c t o ry a n d E ur o p e — M o r e a u — Ta ll e y
r an d r e tir e s fr o m th e C ab i ne t —S i ey es a nd th e D ir e ct o ry— B o na p art e in
E g ypt — B ru m air e 1 8—B o n a p art e a pp o i n t e d F ir st C o n sul — Ta ll e yr an d
t ak e s o ffi c e a g a i n— P a ul I a nd B o nap art e —M are ngo Tre at y o f L u n é
.
m

v ill e —Th e U n it e d S t a t e s an d t h e F r e n c h R e publi c — L o r d C o r n w a lli s

an d J o se p h B o n a p a rt e — T r e a ty o f A m i e ns— Th e Co ncorda t Ta ll ey w -

r an d s se c ul ariz ati o n—B o na p a rt e s blu n d e r —A nne x at i o n o f P i e d m o n t

’ ’

t o F ranc e * E ngland d e cl a r e s w ar— P ic h e gru s d e a th — A ssass i na ti o n o f

’

th e D ue d E ngh ie n— P r o cl am a ti o n o f t h e E m pir e — N a p o l e o n e m p e r o r
’

a n d k i n g — The c am p at B o ul o g ne
—The A u stri an c am p aig n— N a p o l e o n
a t S ch oe n bru nn— A u st e rl itz
— N a p o l e o n and th e F a ub o urg S t G e r m a i n .

—Ta ll e yr an d cr e a t e d P ri n c e de B enev e n t— T r e a ty o f P r e sbu rg— C o u nt

v o n H au gw it z — F o x an d Ta ll e yr a n d
— L o rd Ya r m o uth and L o rd L a u d e r
d al e — P ru ssi a and H ano v e r —B attl e o fJ e na— Tr e aty o fTil sit— N a p o l e o n
a n d P o l an d — W a r with R u ssi a—B attl e o f E yl a u — B a ttl e o f F ri e dl a n d
Th e i nt e r v i e w o f th e thr e e e m p e r o r s— N a p o l e o n and th e Q u e e n o f
P ru ssi a—N a p o l e o n s r e tur n t o P a ri s— Ta ll e yr an d a pp o i nt e d V i c e G r an d
’

E l e ct o r— R e tir e s fr o m th e M i n i stry — H is a p o l o gy fo r d o i ng so — N ap o
l e o n s d e sig ns o n S p ai n— D e fe at o f J u no t — C a pitu l a ti o n o f B ayle n— Th e
’

E rfurt i n t e rvi e w — T a ll e yr a n d an d th e C z ar A l e x an d e r — F a ilur e o f

N a p o l e o n s pr oj e ct s a g a i n st A u stri a P ag es 1 6 5 — 2 4 2
’

PAR T IV .

S PAN I S H AFFA IR S .

1 80 7 .

N ap o l e o n at l o v e o f d e c e it —S itu a ti o n o f F r anc e at th e
F i nk e n st e i n— H is
cl o se o f the y e a r 1 80 7 —N a p o l e o n s d e sig ns o n S p a i n—Th e pre t e xt
’

h e ch o se t o c a rry th e m o u t—T a ll e yr an d e n d e a v o u r s t o di ssu a d e th e

e m p e r o r fr o m w r o n gi n g th e o ld a lly o f F r an c e — T r e a ty o f F o n t a i ne bl e a u
— N a p o l e o n s sh am e fu l br e a c h o f fa ith t o w a rd s C h a rl e s I V o f S p ai n
'

’
.

D o n J u an de E sc o iqu iz C an o n o f T o l e d o and th e P ri n c e o f t h e A sturi a s

'’

—Th e i ntrigu e s o f G o d o y P ri n c e o f the P e a c e — D o n E sc o iqu iz pl an t o

, ,
'
’
,

thw a rt t h e m —The F r e n c h am b assa d o r and D o n E sc o iqu iz — N ap o l e o n s ’

ru se —L e tt e r o f th e P ri n c e o f th e A sturi a s t o N a p o le o n— Le tt e r o f t h e
 CON TE N TS .

P ri nc e of the P e ac e t o t h e E m p e r o r —P r o v i si on s tr e aty o f
of th e
F o nt aine b le a u—P r oj e c t e d di sm e m b e rm e n t o f P o rtug a l S e cr e t C o n v e m
-

ti o n ai m e d at S p ai n th o ugh o st e nsibl y at P o rtug a l —The F r e n ch tr o o p s

,

in S p a i n—A rr e st o f the P ri n c e o f t he A sturi as— H e is p u t o n his tri a l

D e cl a r e d no t gu ilty —O c c up a ti o n o f N av a rr a C a t a l o n i a and G ui puzc o a
, ,

b y the F r e n c h —F e ar s o f th e P ri nce o f th e P e ac e —P r oj e c t e d fl igh t o f

t h e r o y a l fa m ily — I n di gna ti o n o f t h e p e o pl e —G e ne r al di sc o n t e nt a g a i n st
G o d o y P ri nc e o f th e P e a c e —Th e A r anj u e z ri o t s—P o pul a r h atr e d
ag ai nst G o d o y —L o y alt y o f t h e p e o pl e t o w a rd s th e r o y al fam il y —A rr e s t
,

o f G o d o y — H e is p u t o n his tri a l —A b di c a ti o n o f K i n g C h a rl e s I V in .

fav o u r o f F e rdi nan d P ri n c e o f th e A stu ri as— A rri val o f F e rdi nan d V I I

,
.

a t M a dri d —Th e G r an d D u e de B e rg ( M ur a t ) an d K i n g F e rdi nan d

C h an g e o f t h e p e o pl e s di sp o siti o n t o w a rd s th e F r e n c h —N e g o ti a ti o n s
’

b e tw e e n D o n E sc o iq uiz and th e G r an d D u e de B e rg —M ur a t i nsi st s o n

’

th e su sp e n si o n o f G o do y s tri a l — M ur a t d e m an d s t h e r e l e a se o f th e l att e r
’
,

in N ap o l e o n s nam e —F e rdi nan d V I I se n d s h is br o th e r D o n C a rl o s t o

’
.

m e e t N a p o l e o n o n h is w ay t o S p a i n— C h a rl e s I V s pr o t e st — R e tr a ct s
’
.

h is a b di c a ti o n — D o n A nt o ni o a pp o i nt e d R e g e n t — F e rdi nan d V I I l e av e s .

M a dri d o n his w ay t o B a y o nne — F r e e fo r e i g ht h o ur s —

,
L ascia te og ni
s era nz a — A rriv al at B a y o nn e — F e rdi nan d an d t h e I nfan t e A n t o n i o
p
p r a c ti c ally pri so ne r s— N a p o l e o n u nm ask s h is d e sig ns— O ffe r s t o F e rdi
n an d th e k i n g d o m o f E truri a in e xch ang e fo r th e c e ssi o n o f t h e right s o f
,

th e l a tt e r t o t h e C r o wn o f S p a i n— R e fu sa l o f F e rdina n d— N o bl e r e ply o f
th e M a r q ui s de L a br a d o r t o M de C h am p agn y — N a p o l e o n a n d D o n
.

E sc o iqu iz — I t is t o o l a t e l — C h a rl e s I V a t B a y o nne — F e rdi nan d s re

’
’
m

nu nc iat io n o ft he cr o wn —M ur a t a pp o i n t e d li e u t e nan t —
.

g e ne ral o f S p ai n
T h e r o y a l pri n c e s o f S p a i n at th e c h at e a u o fV ale n gay— P ri nc e Ta ll e yr an d
w e lc o m e s th e m — I na ptitu d e o f th e pri nc e s fo r s t u dy — E v e ryd a y life at
Vale ngay— Tall e yr an d su m m o n e d t o N an t e s— N a p o l e o n s b lu st e r
’

S c a th i n g r e t o rt o f Tall e yr an d — R up tur e b e tw e e n N a p o l e o n an d Ta ll e y
r an d — Ta ll e yr an d su m m o ne d t o E rfu rt — Tak e s l e ave o f the S p ani sh
pri nce s—Th e ir gr a titu d e — By tlie g ra ce of God— Th e E m p e r o r o f R u ssi a
r e c o gniz e s J o se p h B o nap art e as K i n g o f S p a i n—Tr e aty o f V al e ngay
F a ilur e o f N a p o le o n s d e si gn s o n S p a i n— The r e sul t o f N a p o l e o n s
’ ’

thr e a t s agai nst E n gl an d— W an t o f di gn ity o f F e rdi nan d V I I — H is .

r e tur n t o M a drid — H is c ru e l pr o c e e di ngs t o w ard s h is faithful supp o rt e r s

—E ngl an d s fa u lt in S p ai n
’
. P ag es 2 43 —29 2

PAR T V .

TH E E R F U R T I N TE R VI EW .

1 80 8
.

N ap o le o n h o d s o u t a b ait t o R u ssi a—Th e p r o sp e c ti ve p artiti o n o f T ur k e y

l
— S i le si a t o F r an c e as c o m p e nsati o n fo r W alla c hi a a nd M o ld a vi a t o
— —
R u ssi a A l e xan d e r i n c e nse d N ap o le o n s le tt e r t o th e Cz ar,de sist ing fr o m
’

all pr e t e nsi o ns t o S il e si a and pr o p o si n g t o m e e t h im in o rd e r t o a rr ang e

 ME MO I RS
O F TH E

PR I N C E DE TA L L E Y R A N D .

P A R T I .

TH E YEAR S P R E C E D I N G TH E R E VO L U TI O N .

1 —
7 5 4 1 791 .

Tall e yr an d b irth —H is p a r e nt s—E ar ly y e ar s—I s tr ai ne d fo r t he C hurc h

’
s

S e n t t o R h e i m s—C o r o na ti o n o f L o ui s X V I A pp o i n t e d A g e n t ge ne r al .
- -

to t h e cl e rgy — F r e n ch so c i e ty b e fo r e t h e R e v o l uti o n— C o m t e de C h o i se ul
G o u ffi e r — A m e ric a n W a r o f I n d e p e n d e n c e — R e l ati o ns b e tw e e n E ng
l an d and F r an c e —Turg o t —de Ve rg e nne s—C al o nne —N e c ke r —The
de fi c it —Th e A sse m bly o f th e N o t ab le s—Th e m e e ti n g o f th e S t a t e s
Ge n e r a l — P ubli c O pi n i o n a n d t h e cl e rgy — The F r e n c h a ri st o cr a cy o n the
e v e o f th e R e vo l u ti o n
—Tal l e y ran d a pp o i n t e d d e puty o f t he cl e rgy t o
th e S t a t e s G e ne r al —P r e m o n it o r y sy m pt o m s o f t h e R e vo luti o n—Th e
-

C o m t e d A rt o is Th e e m igr a ti o n o f t he n o bl e s Th e C o nstitu e n t
’

A sse m bly —R e stri ct i o n o f t h e r o y al pr e r o g a ti v e s—C i v il c o n stituti o n o f

t h e c l e rgy — Tall e yr an d c o n se cr a t e s th e fi r st c o ns tit uti o na l bi sh o p s
R e sig n s t h e bi sh o pri c o f A utu n— I n t e rvi e w b e tw e e n Tall e yr an d and th e
C o m t e d A rto is—B ar o n de V itr o ll e s l e tt e r t o M de B a c o urt
’ ’
. .

I WA S b o rn in 1 7 5 4 ; my p are nts had a ve ry sm all fo rtu ne 1

but h e ld at c o urt a p o siti o n which if pro p e rly t ak e n a dva nt age ,

o f c o uld s e cure f
,
o r th e ms e lv e s a n d th e ir childr e n t he high e st

o ffi c e s .

1h rl s uric
C a e Ma ll yr
e de Ta e uth r th s
and, the a
-
o of irs
e e m em o , w as the so n o f
h r s i -
ll yr d
C a le D an e l de Ta e an P érigo rd ( 1 7 3 4 li ut e tg r l
e nan e ne a and m en in
- -

uphi
t o t he D a n gr ds
and th e an i l ri ll yr d
o n o f D an e M a e de Ta e t rig ls
an , C o m e de G no , -

brig di r g r l
a e -
ki g s r i s A l x dri
e ne a o f t he n
’
a m e e an s ught r J s ph
n e de D am a , da e of o e
.

s
de D am a , M a rquis ’
his
d A ntigny, w as th r
mo e ri lis t
M a e E ab e h C ham illard, .
-

d ught r
a e ich l
of M rqui
e C ha m illard, M a y his gr d th r
s de C an , was an m o e .

Th m g iv
e nand h ld m
e hy t n bl m
e n, u h d t th p
er t e o n f h D p hin
o narc , o a o e a n a tt ac e o e e rso o t e au .

Tra n sla tor .

)
VO L . I .
 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

Fo r l o ng tim e the chi e f fa mili e s o f Fra n c e th o ugh no t

a , ,

a ctu a lly disd a i n i ng t o h o ld o f fic e s a tt a chi ng th e m t o t he p rs o n

(
e

o f t he s o v e r e ig n displ a y e d li t tl e a n xi e t y t o o bt a i n th e m
,
Th e y . .

w e re s atisfi e d wi t h b e li e vi ng o r a ffe c t i ng t o b e li e ve th e ms e lve s

, ,

in t he fo r e m o st r a n k in t h na t i o n Thus t he d e s ce nd a nts o f t he
e .

O ld chi f v a ss a ls o f t h e C r w n ha d l e ss o cc a si o n t o b e p e rs o n lly
e o a

k no w n t o t he ki ng t h a n t he d e sc e nd ants o f s o m e mi no r b a ro ns
o f t he duchy o f Fr a n c e h o ldi ng f o r this r e a s o n high e r o f
,
fi ce s , ,

a b o ut t he s o v e r e ig n s p e rs n
’
o .

The prid e which i nduc d m o st fa mili e s o f high li ne ag e t o e

k e e p a l o o f fro m c o urt c a us e d t he ki ng t o V i e w th e m with l e ss

,

favo ur .

I n o rd e r t o e nh an c e t h r o y a l p o w e r C a rdi na l R ich e li e u sum

e ,

m o u e d t he h e a ds o f chi e f fa mili e s b e fo re t he ki ng Th e y s e ttl e d .

a t c o urt fo r e w e n t t h e ir i nd e p e n d e n c e a nd by a m o r e pr o fo u n d
, , ,

d e v o ti o n e nd e av o ure d t o m a k e up fo r t he dis adva nt ag e o f h avi ng

,

c o m e l ast .

T he gl o ry o f L o uis X I V w as o ne o f t he r e a s o ns why u nd e r .
,

his r e ig n a nd subs e qu e ntly a ll m e n s id e a s w e re c e ntre d withi n

,
’

t he limi t s o f t he ch at e a u o f V e rs a ill e s .

The R e g e n cy w as so t o sp e a k n i nt e rr e g num u ndisturb e d

, ,
a ,

e ith e r by fi na n ci a l dis a s t e rs o r by t he d e pr v a ti o n o f m o r a ls t he a ,

pre m o nit o ry sympt o ms o f which had b e e n so s e ve re ly ch e ck e d

a t t he cl o s e o f t he f rm e r r e ig n o .

L o uis X V w as th e n e nj o yi ng u nive rs a l re sp e ct t he fi rst

.
,

subj e cts o f t he C r o w n still c o nsid e re d o b e di e nc e t o t he s o ve re ig n

a s gl o ri o us th e y did no t c o nc e ive a ny o t h e r p o we r o r lustre
th an th o s e pr o ce e di ng fro m t he ki ng s m aj e sty ’
.

The qu e e n w as r e v e r e n c e d but t he v e ry m l anch o ly o f he r

1
,
e

virtu e s did no t pr e p o ss e ss p e o pl e in h r favo ur S he w as w a nti ng e .

in th o s e o utw rd ch a rms t h a t c a us e d t he na ti o n t b e so pr o ud
a o

o f t he fi ne fe a tur e s o f L o uis X V H e n c e t he mix e d fe e li ng o f .

j ustic e a nd i ndulg e nc e which o n o ne h a nd le d p e o pl e t o pity the

qu e e n a nd n t he o th e r i nduc e d th e m t o e xcus e the i ncli nati o n
, ,
o ,

sh o w n by t he ki ng t o wa rds M ad a m e de P o mp ad o ur M de .
2
.

1
M ri L
a ai k Qu f Fr c
e c z ns a, d ugh t r f S t
een o isl s Ki g f P l d d
an e , a e o an a ,
n o o an ,
an
of t ri
C a h e ne O palinsk a S he w a s o n in 1 70 3 ; in 1 7 2 5
. b r sh e c
b e am e t he wife of
Lo uis
X V , by wh
o m sh e ha d tw o
. o n and e a e s s ight d ught rs i d
S he d e in 1 76 8
A t i tt
. .

2
Je anne n o ne e P o sso n, M a q e de P o m a o
-
i r uis p d ur b r , o n in P a in ris 1 72 1 ,
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON v

P e nth1 e v re , t he M 1
Luy ne s a re c/za e
’
l de Dur s a
2
,
M d me a a de ,
3

M d m e de M rs an M d am e de P érigo rd t he Duch e ss e de
a a a ,
4
a ,
5

Fl e ury M de S o u rc he s M a d m de V ill rs M de T vanne s

7
,
6
.
,
a e a ,
8
. a ,
9

M ad a m d E t i sa c d o ub t l e ss gri e ve d t t he f ct y t we r e
e
’
s s ,
10
a a ,
e

a fr a id o f discl o si ng by o p e n r e pr o ch wh a t w s l o k e d up o n as a a o

o ne o f th o s e k no w n fa mily s cr e ts which n b o dy d r s t o d e ny e ,
o a e ,

but h p e s t o p a lli at e by hushi ng t h e m up a nd b e h vi ng as

o a

th o ugh o ne w e re no t awa r o f th e ir e xis t e nc e A ll th p e rs o ns e . e

I h av e j ust m e n t i o ne d w o uld h a v c nsid e r e d th t th y w e r e e o a e

dei d n 1 7 64 S h w th d ugh t r f n rm y c ntr ct o r nd wh n quit e y o u ng

I . e as e a e o a a o a ,
a e

ma rri d L e n rm nd d E t i l
e fi n i g n r l I n 1 74 4 sh l ft h r husb nd t
o a
’
o e s, a rf ei -
e
‘
e a .
, e e e a o
b c m th e m istr ss f th ki ng wh n th f ll wi ng y r cr t d h M rq is d
e o e e o e , o I e o o ea ea e er a u e e
P m p d ur with
o a y ly i nc m f
o ,
livr s ( b ut a I n 1 7 5 6 sh
e ar o e o e a o , e

w s pp i nt d l dy f th qu n s h us h ld M d m d P m p d ur w
’
a a o e a o re e ee o e o . a a e e o a o as as

m rk b l f h r t st e s f r h
a a e or b uty ; h w e l ng th qu n f f shi n S h
a a o er ea s e as o e ee o a o . e
pr s e v d h i nflu nc u ntil h d th T h m m irs and l tt e rs pub lish d u nd r
e r e er e e er ea . e e o e e e

h r n m in 1 78 5
e a e p cryph l
e T n l t ) ar a o a . ra s a or .

L o uis d B urb n D
1
d P nthi evr
e b r n in 1 7 2 5 w
o the s n f th e C o m t
o , ue e e e, o ,
as o o e

d T ul us
e o ill giti m to n f L uis X I V
e, nd f M d m de M o nt sp n
e a e H so o o . a o a a e e a . e

m rri d M d e m is ll d E t Th P ri n c e f L m b ll w f his s ns
’
a e a o ne e e th D s e . e o a a e as o o o e ue

d O lé n m rri d n o f his d ught rs Th e D e d P nthi evr w pp i nt d

’
r a s a e o e a e . u e e e as a o e
gr nd d m ir l in 1 7 3 4 nd li ut n nt g ne r l in 1 744 I n 1 78 7 h w s pr sid nt f
a -
a a ,
a e e a -
e a .
, e a e e o

o ne o f t he c m m itt s f the m bl d o n t bl ( d l b r ti b dy wh see o a sse ee

'
es o a es a e I e a ve o o e

m m b rs w r ch s n b y th ki n g chi fly f m t h Third E st t e [Tr n l t r]

e e e e o e He e ,
e ro e a a s a o

liv e d n his st t s u ntil his d th which ccurr d in 1 79 3

o e a e ea , o e .

2
A ng eliq d B ur n nvill d ught r f the P i nc d B ur no nvill
ue e o C m te o e, a e o r e e o e, o

d H e im b c m in 1 70 6 th wif f J n B p tist D urf rt D d D ur s

’

, e a d
e e e o ea - a e e o , ue e a ,

M rsh l o f F r nc e S he w l dy in w iti ng t [W d m th e d ught e rs o f L uis X V

a a a . as a a o es a es a o .
,

an d di d n 1 7 64 e I .

3 M ri B l t de l B rd e d ght e r f a chi e f judg

ru ar in th p rl m n t o f o au o a
a e a e e e e

th s c nd wife f P hilipp d A l b rt D
,

d L uy n s wh m she m rri d
’
D j n w
I o ,
as e e o o e e ,
ue e e ,
o a e

in 1 7 3 2 Sh w l dy n w iti ng t the qu e n nd di d n 1 7 63
e as a I a o e a e I

M ri L uis d R h n S u b is
. .

4
a e- r l ti n f th m rsh l f this n m w
o e e o a -
o e, a e a o o e a a o a e, as

b o r n in 1 7 20 I n 1 7 3 6 h m rri d G st n d L rr i n C m t d M rs n S h w
.
, s e a e a o e o a e, o e e a a . e as

g o v e rn ss t o th nf n t d F n ( the gr c e ful n m give n t th r y l childre n

e e e a s e ra ce a a e o e o a

u nd r th ld gim [Tr n l t ]
e e o re e a s a or

M rgu rit de T ll yr nd d ught e r o f L o uis de T ll yr nd P ri nc de C h l is

5
a e e a e a , a a e a , e a a ,

w as th e gr nd u nt f th uth r S h w as b rn in 1 7 2 7 nd m rri d G b ri e l d
a -
a o e a o . e o ,
a a e a e

T ll e yr n d C m t de P erig o rd in 1 74 3
a a o e

A nn e d A uxy d M nc ux b rn n 1 72 1 m rri d in 1 7 3 6 A ndré de R o ss t

, ,
.

6 ’
e o ea , o I , a e , e ,

D ue de Fl ury r l ti o n o f the c rdi nal o f this n m e I n 1 7 3 9 sh w pp i nt d

e , a e a a a .
, e as a o e

l dy o f the qu n s h us h ld
a ee
’
o e o .

L uis F r nc is d B uch t C m t e de S u h s M rquis d T urz l k night f

7
o a o u o e , o o rc e , a e o e ,
o

M lt gr nd pr v st o f F r n ce w s b o rn in 1 744
a a, a I n 1 7 64 h m rri e d L o uis e de
o o a ,
a .
,
e a

C ro y d H
’ ’

e av r .

8 G b ri ll
e d N ill e s d aught e r f the M rsh l D
a e d N ill s w
e oa b rn in o a a ue e oa e as o

h b c m th wif o f A rm nd D
, ,

1 70 6 In 1 72 1
.
, d V ill rs
s e n fth e me sh l f a e e e a ,
ue e a ,
so o ar a o

this n m S h w s succ ssiv ly l dy o f th qu e n s h o us h o l d nd l dy o f th b d

a e . e a e e a e e
’
e a a e e

ch m b r nd di d in 1 77 1
a e a e

C h rl s C m t e d S ulx T v nn s w as b rn I n 1 7 1 3 I n 1 7 5 8 he w s li ut e n nt
, .

9
a e , o e a a a e ,
o .
,
a e a

ge n r l nd R n g l t f H n r ( qu rry) t th qu n
e a a
'

z z o o ou e e o e ee .

M ri de l R ch f uc uld ( k n w n s M d m o is ll d l R o ch Guyo n) w a
1°
a e a o e o a o a a e e e e a e , s
b rn in 1 7 1 8
o I n 1 73 7 h w m rri d t . L uis d l R ch f uc ul d d R y ,
s e as a e o o e a o e o a e o e,

D e d E sti
u e gr nd m st e r o f the w ardro b e
’
ssa ,
a a .
4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

fo rfe iti ng th e ir h o no ur by a dmitti ng t o o o p e nly the faili ngs o f

t he ki ng .

My re l a tive s h e ld v a ri o us situ a ti o ns with t he ro ya l fa mily .

My grandm o th e r w as l ady o f t he qu e e n s h o us e h o ld and w as ’

tre at e d with e sp e ci a l r e g a rd by t he ki ng she a lways re sid e d a t

V e rs aill e s a nd k e pt no h o us e in P a ris .

S he h ad fi v e childr e n Lik e th t o f all p e rs o ns c o nne ct e d

. a

with t he c o urt th e ir e a rly tui t i o n w a s r at h e r ne gl e ct e d o r a t

, , ,

l e a st d e vo t e d to fe w imp o rt ant br nch e s o f k no wl e dge A s t o

,
a .

th e ir subs e qu e nt e duc a ti o n it w as t o c o nsist m e r e ly in imp a rti ng

,

t o th e m wh a t w as t e rm e d t he us ag e s o f s o ci e ty Th e ir o utw ard .

a pp e a r a n c e w a s pr e p o ss e ssi ng .

My gra ndm o t h e r had no bl e r e fi ne d a nd re s e rve d m anne rs

, .

H e r pi e ty w o n u niv e rs a l r e sp e ct fo r he r a nd t he fa ct o f he r ,

num e r o us fa mily c a us e d t he fr e qu e nt st e ps she t o o k t o wa rds

s e curi ng a nd pr o m o ti ng the future o f he r childr e n to b e r e g a rd e d

as quit e na tur a l .

My fat h e r h e ld t he s a m e V i e ws a s his m o th e r c o nc e r ni ng
t he e duc a ti o n b e fitti ng child r e n wh o s e p a r nts e nj o y e d a e

p o siti o n at c o urt Thus mi ne w as ra th e r l e ft t o t a k e c a re

.

o f its e lf : no t thr o ugh a ny i n diff e r e n c e t o w a rds m e but o wi ng ,

t o t he sp e ci a l disp o siti o n o f t he mi nd which l e ads s o m e

p e o pl e t o c o nsid e r th at t he b e st pl a n is to do o r to b like e

ybody
e ve r e lse .

To o much c a re wo uld h av e s e e m e d p e d a ntry ; a ffe cti o n t o o

o p e nly e xpr e ss e d w o uld h a v e b e e n r e g a rd e d as quit e u n usu a l a nd

th e re fo re ridicul o us C hildre n a t th a t tim e i nh e rit e d th e ir

.
, ,

fath e r s na m e a nd coa t of a rm s P a re nts c o nsid e re d th e y ha d

’
.

d o ne e no ugh fo r th e ir pro g e ny by o p e ni ng a c a re e r t o th e m
a nd s e curi n g f o r th e m a dv a nt ag e o us p o sts by m arryi ng th e m
a nd i n cr e a si ng th e ir a ll o w a nc e .

P a t e r na l c are h d no t ye t c o m e i nt o fa shi o n the fashi o n w as

a

i nd e e d t he ve ry r e ve rs e wh e n I w a s a child thus my e a rly y e a rs

,

w e re cihe e rle ssly sp e nt in an o utlyi ng district o f P a ris A t t he .

a e o f fo ur I w as still th e r e wh e n I a ccid e nt a lly fe ll fr o m t he

g , ,

t o p o f a cupb o a rd a nd disl o c a t e d my fo o t
,
The wo m a n t o wh o s e
.

c a re I w as e ntrust e d o nly i nfo rm e d my fa mily o f this s e ve ra l

m o nths a ft e rw ards The truth b e ca m e k no w n o nly wh e n my
.
6 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

si nc e re a ffe cti o n o f s o m e m e mb e r o f o ne s o w n f mily S uch ’

a .

a ffe cti o n a ff o rds imm e n s e c mfo rt thr o ugh t he tri a ls

o nd tr o ubl e s a

o f life wh e n th o s e w ho i n spir e it a re n e a r t o us
, Wh e n th e y .

a re a w y it s o o t h e s b o th t he h e a rt a n d t he mi n d a nd e nabl e s
a , ,

us c a lmly t o c o ll e ct o u r th o ugh t s .

The tim e sp e nt at C h a l a is l e ft a d e e p impr e ssi o n o n my mi nd .

The disp o siti o n s o f childr e n a nd th e ir ft e r life i ncli na t i o ns

a -

a re o ft e n d e t e rmi ne d by t he O bj e cts which fi rst impr e ss e d th e ir

e y e s a nd mi n ds .

I n t he pr o vi nc e s dist a nt fr o m t he c a pit a l a c e rt a i n c a r e p a id
,

t o dig nity a nd p o si t i o n rul e d t he r e l a ti o ns e xisti ng b e tw e e n t h e

,

m e mb e rs o f t he o ld a rist o cra cy still r e sidi ng o n th e ir e st at e s a nd ,

t he l e ss e r no bility a nd t he t e na nts o n t he s a id e st a t e s The .

chi e f no bl e m a n o f a pro vi nce w o uld h av e c o nsid e re d it b e ne ath

him no t t o h ave b e e n ki nd a nd p o lit e H is m o re disti nguish e d
.

ne ighb o urs w o uld h av e c o n sid e r e d it a w a nt o f s e lf r e sp e ct -

t o fa il in displ ayi ng t o w a rds t he b e a r e rs o f a n ci e nt na m e s

th a t re ga rd a nd r e sp e ct which e xpre ss e d as it w a fre e ly and
, , ,
s,

with o ut e mph asis s e e m e d but the h o m ag e o f the h e a rt A s to

,
.

t he p e a s a ntry th e ir l o rd o n ly visit e d th e m t o a ssist a nd a ddr e ss

,

t o th e m s o m e ki n d a nd c o mfo rti ng w o rds t h e i n flu e n c e o f which

,

w as fe lt in t he ne ighb o urh o o d fo r t he mi no r no bility e n d e av o ur e d

,

t o fo ll o w t he e x a mpl e se t th e m by t he l e a di ng a rist o cr a cy o f

th e ir pro vi nc e .

The m a nne rs o f t h e P erig o rd no bility r e s e mbl e d th e ir o ld

c astl e s ; th e y w e r e imp o si ng a nd fi rmly b as e d ; t he light o fm o d e rn
r e fi ne m e nt o nly c a m e subdu e d P e o pl e w e re m o vi ng sl o wly but
.

wis e ly t o w a rds a m o re e n lighte ne d st age o f civiliz ati o n .

The tyr a nny o f p e tty l o rds no l o ng e r e xist e d ; it had b e e n

st amp e d o u t by t he spirit o f chiva lry by t h ga ll ant a nd ,
e

c o urt e o us fe e li ngs the l a tt e r g ave ris e t o a m o ngs t S o uth e r n

nati o ns a nd chi e fly by t he gr o wth o f r o y a l p o w e r b a s e d o n t he
,

e m a ncip a ti o n o f p e o pl e s .

Th o s e wh o s e c a re e r at c o urt w as o ve r we r e fo nd o f r e tiri ng
,

t o t he pr o vi nc e s th a t ha d wit ne ss e d t he gr e at ne ss o f th e ir
fa mili e s O nc e b ack o n th e ir e st at e s th e y th e re e nj o y e d t he
.
,

a ff e cti o n a t e a nd r e sp e ctful c o nsid e r ati o n o f al l a r u d th m a

o n e —
c o nsid e rati o n e nh anc e d by the traditi o ns o ft he pro vi nc e and the
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON

r e co ll e cti n o f t he p ast migh t o f th e ir a nc e s to rs This re ga rd

o .

re fl ct e d a c e rt ai n cre di t o n t he p e rs o ns c o mp o si ng t he nt u r g e
e e o a

o f t h d e sc e nd a nt s f t h f mili e s which w e r e f rm e rly t he s o l e

e o e a o

disp e ns rs f l o rdly f vo urs in t he distric t The R e v lu t i o n i t s e lf

e o a . o

f il e d t o t a rnish t he l s t re o f o r t o bre ak t he sp ll p o ss ss e d by
a u ,
e e ,

th e s e a nci e nt s e ats o f s o v e r ig n p o we r The c astl s f pro vi nci a l e . e o

l o rds a re lik e th o s e o ld d e s e r t e d shri ne s fro m which t he f i t hful a

h ave fl e d but wh o s e t ra di t i o ns still e n f rc e re sp e ct

,
o .

C h l ais C a s t l e w as ne o f t he r e lics o f th o s e r e v e re d a nd d e a r
a o

o ld tim s My gr ndm o t h e r t h re h ld as it we re a c o urt c m

e . a e e , ,
o

p o s d fs e ve ra l ge nt l e m e n o fanci e n t f mili e s v e ry diffe re nt fro m

e o a ,

t he v ss a ls o f t h e t hirt e e nt h c e n tury but wh o s

a d f re nc e nd ,
e e e a

r e fi ne d m anne rs w e re mi ngl e d wi t h t he l o ft i e st fe e li ngs M de . .

B e n c M de V e r t e uil M d A b sa M de G o urvill e M de
a , .
,
.
’
c, .
, .

Chau v ro n M de C h m ill rd d e ligh t e d in a cc mp nyi ng he r

e , . a a ,
o a

e v e ry S u nd y t o th p rish m ass e ach o f th e m disch a rgi ng

a e a ,

t o w a rds h e r du t i e s dig nifi e d by e xquisit e p o li t ne ss A littl e e .

ch air cl o s e t o my gra ndm o t h e r s p rie di u w a re s e rv d f r m e ’

-
e s e o .

O n r e tur ni ng fr o m m ss e v e ryb o dy m e t in a sp a ci o us h a ll in a ,

t h e c a s t l e c ll e d t he Ap tb i ir ri
a This r o o m c nt i ne d va ri o us
o ca e e .
1
o a

l a rg e j a rs c a r fully disp o s e d o n sh e lv e s nd k p t wi t h scrupul o us

e a e

cl e nli ne ss t h y w re fill e d with o i ntm e nts t he re cip e s o f which

a e e ,

ha d a lw ys b e n fa i t hfully pr e s e rv d a t t he c a stl e
a e Eve ry y e a r e .

th e y w e re pr e p are d wi t h the g re at e st c r by t he vill ge surg o n a e a e

a nd vic a r Th r e we re b sid e s a fe w b o t tl e s o f e lixirs a nd

. e e

syrups as w e ll as b o x e s c o nt ai ni ng o th e r m e dic m e nts I n the

, a .

cupb o ards w as st o r e d a c o nsid e rabl st o ck o f li nt a nd o f ve ry e

fi ne o ld li ne n b ands o f v ri o us wid t hs a .

A ll t he ic k p e rso ns w ho r e quir e d a ssist a nc e we r e a ss e mbl e d

s

in t he p re c di ng r o m W e gr e e t e d t h e m as w e p ass e d thr o ugh

e o . .

M ad e m is e ll S au ni e r a ch mb e rm aid w ho had b e e n l o ng e st in
o e ,
a

my gran dm th e r s s e rvic e i ntro duc e d th e m in tur n My grand

o
’

,
.

m o th e r w as s e at e d o n a ve lve t a rmch air ; in fro nt o f he r w as

pl a ce d a n o ld bl ack l a cqu e re d t abl e S he w re a silk dre ss . o ,

trimm e d with l ce with a rib an d c o ll a re t t e a nd sl e v k no ts

a ,
e e-

sui t d t o t he s e a s o n S h ls o wo re tripl e cuffs wi t h l a rg e

e . e a

d e sig ns a t ipp e t a h e a d dr e ss d o rne d with a butt e rfly and a

,
-
a ,

1
Th e urg e ry
s .
8 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

bl ack m antill a ti e d u nd e r t he chi n S uch w as he r S u nd ay attire

.
,

m o re e l e g ant th an th t she wo re o n w e e k d ys
a -
a .

The re d v e lv e t b ag trimm e d with g o ld l a c e c o nt a i ni ng my ,

gra ndm o th e r s b o o ks o f d e v o ti o n w a s c a rri e d by M de B e na c

’

, .
,

w ho o n his gr e a t gr an dm o th e r s sid e w as dist a ntly r e l a t e d

’
-

, ,

t o us .

My cl o s e re l ati o nship s e cure d fo r m e a s e at ne xt t o t he o ld

l ady Tw o sist e rs o f m e rcy h avi ng qu e sti o ne d e a ch p ati e nt a s
.
,

t o t he natur e o f his dis e a s e o r s o r e m e nti o ne d t he sp e ci a l o i nt

,

m e nt lik e ly t o h e a l o r r e li e v e him My gra ndm o th e r p o i nt e d

.

o u t wh e r e t he r e m e dy w as k e pt o ne o f t he g e ntl e m e n w ho h a d

w ait e d o n he r at church fe tch e d it whilst a no t h e r bro ught the ,

draw e r c o nt a i ni ng the li ne n : o f this I t o o k a pi e c e fro m which ,

m y gr andm o th e r h e rs e lf cut t he qu a ntity re quir e d fo r b and ag e s .

E a ch p ati e nt th e n r e c e iv e d s o m e pl a nts fo r his p o ti o n s o m e wi ne , ,

t he m e dici ne pr e scrib e d a nd a lw ays s o m e o th e r subst an ti a l r e li e f

, ,

but th at which m o st t o uch e d his h e a rt w e re t he ki nd a nd ,

c o nsid e r at e w o rds fro m t he g o o d l a dy w ho e nd e av o ure d t o

a ll e vi at e his suff e ri ngs .

M o re l e a r ne d a nd e l ab o r at e drugs e v e n if distribut e d as ,

gratuit o usly by fam o us d o ct o rs w o uld h av e fa il e d t o attra ct as

,

m any p o o r p e o pl e a nd e sp e ci a lly t o do th e m as m uch g o o d

, , .

Ca r e ful ne ss r e sp e ct f ith a nd gr a titud e t he chi e f m e ans o f cure

, ,
a , ,

fo r t he l o w e r cl a ss e s w o uld h av e b e e n a bs e nt
, .

M an is a c o mp o u nd o f a b o dy and s o ul which l a tt e r rul e s ,

t he fo rm e r . W o u nd e d m e n t o wh o s e s o r e s t he b a lm o f c o ns o
l a ti o n has b e e n appli e d p ati e nts t o wh o m w o rds o f h o p e h ave
,

b e e n sp o k e n a re o n t he high r o a d t o r e c o ve ry th e ir bl o o d fl o ws
,

m o re fre e ly t h e ir hum o urs g e t purifi e d th e ir ne rv e s a re inv ig o

, ,

rat e d sl e e p re tur ns t o th e m a nd t h e ir b o di e s re ga i n stre ngt h

, ,
.

C o nfid e n c e is t he m o st e ffici e n t o f all r e m e di e s a nd it is str o nge st ,

wh e n it pro c e e ds fro m t he s o licitud e o f a l ady o f ra nk with wh o m

a ll id e a s o f p o w e r a nd pr o t e cti o n a re c o nne ct e d .

I a m p e rh aps dw e lli ng t o o l o ng o n th e s e d e t a ils but I a m no t ,

writi ng a b o o k I a m o nly no ti ng my impre ssi o ns The re c o lle c

, .

ti o n o fw h at I saw a nd h e ard duri ng th e s e e a rly y e ars o fmy life is

e x t r e m e ly pl e a s a n t t o my mi nd Y o ur na m e I w as d aily t o ld
.
, ,

w as a lw ays h e ld in v e ne rati o n in o u r pr o vi nc e O u r fa mily

“ ”
.
,
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI OI V
.
9

p e o pl e a ffe cti o nat e ly s aid t m e w as at a ll tim e s s e rvi ng s o m e o ,

m e mb e r o f y o urs This pi e c e o f gro u nd w e re ce ive d fro m

.

y o ur gra ndfat h e r he it w s w ho built o u r church my a

m o th r s cro ss is a gift fro m y o ur grandm th e r

e
’
he w h o o

c o m e s fr m a go o d s t o ck c anno t d e ge ne rat e Y o u will b e ki n d

o

t o o will yo u no t ?
, I m v e ry lik e ly i nd e bt e d t o t h e s e e rly a a

y e a rs fo r t he ge ne ral spirit o f my c o nduct in life I f I displ aye d .

a ffe cti o n t e a n d e v e n t e n d e r fe li ngs with o ut t o o much fa mili a ri t y ;

a e

if in va ri o us ci rcumst anc e s I sh o w e d prid e with o ut h augh t i ne ss

, ,

if I l o ve a nd r sp e ct o ld p e o pl e it is a t C h al ais by the sid e o f

e , ,

my gra ndm o t h e r th a t I imbib e d all t he go o d fe e li ngs which

,

surro u nd e d my r l at ive s in th at district and which th e y e nj o y e d

e ,

wi t h d e light F o r th e re a re fe e li ngs which i ncr e a s e fro m

.
,

g e ne rati o n t o ge ne r ti o n F o r a l o ng tim e t c m e p e o pl e a . o o , ,

wh o s e fa m e o r fo rtu ne a re o f re c e nt o rigi n will b e u nabl e t o

a ppr e ci a t e th e ir sw e e t n ss Th e b e st o f t h e m are a lw ays t oo 1
e .

much i ncli ne d t o a c t t he p a rt o f pro t e ct rs L e t t he wife o f o .

M a rsh a l L e fe bvr e say t o t he h e a d o f s o m e no bl e A ls ati an fa mily

2
,

d e vo id o f re s o urc e s a nd j ust r e tur ne d fro m e migra ti o n Wh a t

sh a ll w e do w ith y o ur e ld e st so n ? I n wh a t r e gim e nt sh a ll
w e pl a c e his br o t h e r ? H a v e w e g o t s o m e livi ng in vi e w fo r
t he abbé ? W h e n sh a ll w e m a rry H e nri e tt a I k no w a
c o nv e nt wh e re w e o ught t o s e nd t he littl e girl Th o ugh
wishi ng re a lly t o b e ki nd she will simply pp e ar ridicul o us , a .

I nw rd fe e li ngs will c a us e him t o d e cli ne h e r ki nd ne ss a nd

a ,

t he prid e o f p o v e rty will e v e n e xp e ri e n c e a c e rt a i n s a tisfa cti o n at

such a re fus a l But I a m quit e fo rge t ti ng th a t I a m b u t e ight
.
,

y e a rs o ld ; and a s ye t i nc ap abl e o f fo re s e e i ng th at pr e s e nt
m anne rs b e a r e vid e nt sig ns th at th e s e i nh e rit e d fe e li ngs will
gra du ally dwi ndl e a way .

I l e a r ne d a t C h a l a is a ll th at c o uld p o ssibly b e l e a r ne d in t he

1
rticl in the C h art r st ti ng th at the o ld nd n w titl e s are pre s e rv d has no
Th e a e e a a e e

m o r s ns th n th m ti n m d e b y M M thi u de M nt m r ncy t th C n titu n t

e e e a e o o a a e o o e o e o s e

A ss m b ly t b lish ll titl e s I n r g v rnm e nt the p li tic l n bility r sid s

.

e o a o a ou o e o a o e e

wh lly in th H us f P e e rs nd th r it is i ndividu l O utsi de o f it s o m p pl

.
, ,

o e o e o a e e, a .
, e eo e

b n m e s c nn ct d with s m hist o ric l f cts b t which c nf r n l g l rights nd

u nd rr t —( P i n T lleyr n d )
e ar a o e e o e a a , u o e o e a , a

which it is i m p ssi b l ith e r t ve r o e e o o or e a e . 7 ce a / a .

W h e n b t priv t e M rsh l L f b r e D e de D ntzig h d m rri d the l u ndre ss

2
u a a ,
a a e e v , u a , a a e a

o f his r gi m e nt e .

Th C h e f lib i g dt F
art er o by L i X V I I I n hi
e rt e s f m Mi rant e o ra nc e ou s . o s re tu rn ro t t au .
 10 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I I VCE TA L L E YR A N D .

pl a ce th at is ,
re ad writ e a nd t o a c e rt a i n e xt e nt t o sp e a k
,
to , ,

t he p a to i o f t he pro vi n c e My s t udi e s h d b e e n limit e d t o

s . a

this wh e n I had t o r e tur n t o P a ris O n t a ki ng l e ave o f my .

gra ndm o th e r I sh e d t e a rs a nd so did she so gre at w as h e r , ,

a ff e cti o n f or m e A s o n c o mi ng d o w n so o n r e tur ni ng t h e .
, ,

B o rd e a ux c o a ch w a s e ve nt e e n d ays o n t he w ay s .

A t e l e v e n o cl o ck o n t he m o r ni ng o f t he s e v e nt e e nth day I
’

r e a ch e d P a ris A n o ld v a l e t o f my fa mily w as w a i t i ng fo r m e
.

a t t he st a ti o n in t he R u e d E n f e r a nd t o k m e dir e ct t o t he
’

,
o

C o ll eg e d H arc o u rt wh e r e at tw e lv e o cl o ck I w as s e at e d a t
’ ’
1
, , ,

di nne r by t he sid e o f a ch a rmi ng b o y o f my age w ho sh a r e d ,

a n d still sh a re s a ll t he c a re s pl e asure s a nd dre ms o f my , , ,

a

life This w as M de C h o is e ul k no w n e v e r si nc e his m a rri age

. .
,

u nd e r t he na m e o f de Ch o is e ul G o u ffi e r I h ad b e e n p i n -
.
2
a

fully impre ss e d by h avi ng b e e n so hurri e dly d e sp at ch e d t o

c o ll e g e with o ut h vi ng b e e n pre vi o usly t ak e n t o my fa t h e r a

a nd m o th e r I w as th e n e ight y e a rs o ld a nd t he e y e s o f
.
,

my p are nts had no t ye t re st e d o n m e I w a s t o ld a nd b e li e v e d

'

,
.

it th at a ll t his hurri e d a rr ang e m e nt w as du e t o s o m e u nfo re s e e n

,

a nd u n av o id bl e circums t a n c e : so I fo ll o w e d my p a t h
a .

O n a rrivi ng a t c o ll e g e I w as le d t o t he a p a rtm e n t o f M de ,
.

la S uz e a c o usi n o f mi ne a nd e ntrust e d t o t he c a r e o f his o w n

,
3
,

tut o r .
4

I f I succ e e d e d a t a ll in my studi e s th at r e sult c a nno t b e ,

a scrib e d e ith e r t o t he e x a mpl e o f my c o usi n o r t o t he t a l e n ts ,

o f my t e a ch e r .

1
his c o ll g e which h d b n f u nd d f r the b e n fit o f tw nty f ur p o o r stud nts
T e , a ee o e o e e -
o e

fr m N r m ndy in 1 2 80 by R ao ul d H c rt c n n f the P ris cl rgy w as t

o o a , ,
’
ar o u , a o o a e , , a

th e ti m e f t h R e vo luti n th ld st e duc ti n l e st b lish m e n t in P ris I t w

o e o , e o e a o a a a . as

tur n d i nt o a pris o n duri ng the R ign o f T rr r nd ft e rw rds b c m e the qu rt rs

e e e o ,
a a a e a a e

o f th E l n m l
e I t r su m d its first ch r ct r nly in 1 820 w h n it t
co e or a e. k t he e e a a e o e oo

f L ycé S i nt L uis which it pr e s rv s t this d y

,

n me
a o e a -
o e e o a

Th e C m t e A gust e d C h is ul B e upré b o rn in 1 75 2 m rri e d M ri e de

, .

2
o u e o e -
a , ,
a a

G o ffi e r wh s e n m
u , he dd d to his o w n H e w
o t first c pt ai n in t h e
a e a e . as a a

C uir ssi rs but g v e w y t o his t st f r tr v e lli ng and visit e d ll t h E st

a e , a a In a e o a , a e a .

1 7 84 h w as app i n t d am b ss d r
e t C nst nti n pl I n 1 7 89 h r tir e d t R ussi
o e a a o a o a o e e e o a,

r e turn d t F r nc e in 1 80 2 w as pp i nt d p e r f F r nc e S t t M i nist e r nd
.
, ,

e o a ,
a o e e o a , a e , a

m m b r f th P rivy C o u ncil by L uis X VI I I

e e o e and di d in 1 8 1 7 o e

S o n f L o uis M ich e l C h m ill d C m t de l S uz w ho w

.
.
,
3
o - b rn in 1 7 09 nd a ar o e a e, as o a

b c m e in 1 74 8 Gr nd M rsh l o f the Ki ng s H us h o ld nd li ut n n t g n r l
, ,
’
e a a a a o e a e e a -
e e a

H is m th r h vi ng b e c m wido w at an e rly g m rri d D ni l M ri

,

o e a o e a a a e, a e a e a e,

P rinc e de T ll yr nd and b e c m t h gr nd m th e r f t he auth o r o f th e s m e m irs

a e a a e e a o o e o .

Y u ng de l S uz e who is m e nti o n d h e r e w as th e re fo re the c o u si n o f P ri nc de

,

o a ,
e ,
e
T ll yr nd
a e a

The A bbé H ardi

.

4
.
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 1 1

O nc e we e k A bb e H a rdi c a ll e d with m e o n my
’

a ,
t he
p a re nts a nd,
we di ne d wi t h th e m O n risi ng fro m t abl e
.
,

I w e nt b a ck to c o ll e ge a lways h e a ri ng t he s a m e i nju ncti o n

Be a g oo d boy, a nd g ive f
sa t is a ct ion to the A I go t
on pre t t y w e ll ; my sch o o lfe ll o ws lik e d m e nd I ch e e rfully a

submitt e d t o my ne w p o siti o n I had b e e n livi ng t h a t life .

fo r t hr e e y e ars wh e n I c au ght t he sm a ll p o x ; t he l att e r -

b e i ng c o nt agi o us I had t o l e av e c o ll e g e My fa mily h avi ng

,
.
,

b e e n i nfo rm e d o f my ill ne ss by my tut o r my p a r e nts s e nt m e a ,

s e d a n ch a ir to t ak e m e t o t he R u e S a i nt J a cqu e s t o t he h o us e o f
- -
,

M a d a m e L e r nd a nurs e e mpl o ye d by M L e ho c t he c o ll e ge
o ,
.
,

physici an I n th e s e d ys sm ll p o x p ti e nts sl e pt in b e ds
. a ,
a -
a

surro u nd e d by d o ubl e curt ai ns t he wi nd o ws o f th e ir ro o m we re

m ad e pro o f ag ai nst dra ughts a bl zi ng fi re w as k e pt up in it
,
a ,

a nd fe v e r e xcit e d by m e a ns O f suit a bl e b e v e r a g e s I n spit e o f .

this murd e ro us tre atm e nt which kill e d m any p e o pl e I g o t o ve r

, ,

t he dis e a s e a nd w a s no t e v e n m a rk e d
, .

I w as th e n twe lv e y e a rs o ld ; d uri ng t h e tim e o f my c o n

v a le c e n c e t he p e culi a rity o f my p o siti o n struck m e
s My h e a rt .

w as f ll at t he littl e i nt e r e st a ro us e d by m y ill ne ss t he f ct o f
u ,
a

my h avi ng b e e n s e nt t o c o ll e ge with o ut h avi ng s e e n my p a re nts ,

a n d s o m e o th e r gri e v o us r e c o ll e cti o ns I fe lt mys e lf is o l a t e d .

,

h e lpl e ss a nd a lways shut up in mys e lf I do no t c o mpl a i n o fit fo r : ,

I b e li e v e th a t my e a rly m e dit ati o ns d e v e l o p e d a nd str e ngth e ne d

my thi nki ng p o we rs My d and ch e rl e ss childh o o d is t he c aus e
. sa e

o f my h avi n g e x e rcis e d th e s e p o we rs a t a n e a rly a e a nd o f

g ,

h avi ng a ccust o m e d mys e lf t o thi nk m o re d e e ply p e rh aps th an , ,

I sh o uld h av e d o ne ha d my e a rly life b e e n fi ll e d with h appi

,

n e ss a nd j o y I t m ay ls o b e th t th e s e fi rst tri a ls o f my
. a a

life t augh t m e t o b e a r misfo rtu ne and dis app o i ntm e nt wi t h

i ndi ffe re nc e a nd t o m e e t t he l att e r wi t h t he r e s o urc e s which my
,

s e lf— c o nfi de nc e sh o w e d m e I p o ss e ss e d .

Th e re is a s o rt o f pl e a s ant prid e in the s e r e c o ll e cti o ns o f my

y o uth .

I n a ft e r life it has struck m e th at my p a re nts h avi ng d e cid e d

-

, , ,

in c o ns e qu e nc e o f wh a t th e y r e g a rd e d a s t he i nt e re st o f t he
fa mily th a t I sh o uld b e tra i ne d t o a pro fe ssi o n fo r which I
sh o we d no aptitud e w e re a fr aid th at th e y might fail to c arry
,
12 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

out th e ir o bj e ct if th e y saw m e t o o o ft e n Th at fe a r is a pro o f

, .

o f a ff e cti o n f o r which I o ught t o fe e l i n d e bt e d t o th e m

, .

Wh e n M de la S u e s e duc a ti o n w as fi nish e d o r r ath e r

. z
’

, , ,

wh e n he w a s sixt e e n y e a rs o ld t he A bbé H a rdi his tu t o r , , ,

r e tire d Fo r a fe w m o nt hs I w as e nt rus te d t o t he c a re o f a
.
,

g e ntl e m an na m e d H u llo t w ho s o o n a ft e r w e nt m a d My ne w , .

tu t o r w as M L a ngl o is wi t h wh o m I re m a i ne d u ntil I l e ft c o ll e ge
.
, ,

a nd w h o br o ught up my br o th e rs a ft e rw a rds H e w as a p e rfe ct .

ge ntl e m an but ve rs e d in no thi ng but Fr e nch hist o ry a nd w ho

, ,

h ad d e v o t e d t o o much a tt e nt i o n t o t he p e rus a l o f t he Co u rt
D ire to ry
c I n b o o ks o f th t ki n d he ha d l e a r ne d th a t t he p o st
. a

o f ca
p bea re r to p rinces c o n fe rr e d no bility a nd th a t such a p o st
1
e -

w as giv e n o n t he i ntr o ducti o n o f t he Gr a nd M a rsh a l Th e -

.

Gr a nd M a rsh a l b e i ng my u n cl e w e s e cure d fo r M L a ngl o is t he

-
,
2
. .

p o st he w as so e ag e r t o o bt a i n I n 1 7 9 0 my fo rm e r tut o r had his .

,

c o urt dr e ss m ad e a nd e migra t e d so th a t his l e tt e rs o f no bility

-
,

might b e ar a go o d d a t e H e h o w e ve r w as in t o o gre a t a hurry

.
, ,

t o e nj o y his ne w privil e g e a nd h avi ng r e tur ne d t o Fr a nc e duri ng

, ,

t he r e v o luti o na ry p e ri o d w as s e n t t o pris o n S o th a t no w h avi ng

, .
,

a tw o fo ld fa m e by e migrati o n a nd impris o n m e nt he c a lmly

, ,

sp e nds t he r e st o f his li fe in the no bl e c o mp any o f t he F aub o urg

S a i nt G e rm ai n
-
Fro m this it m ay b e j udge d th a t if I h av e
.
, ,

si nc e th e s e d ays give n w ay t o t he t e mpt ati o n o f pl ayi ng a

,

p art in public a ffa irs M L angl o is is in no wis e r e sp o nsibl e

, .

fo r it .

I might h av e b e e n a succ e ssful sch o l ar : my na tur a l b e nt

l e ads m e t o thi nk so a nd I no tic e th at this o pi ni o n is a lm o st u ni
,

v e rsa lly sh a r e d by my sch o o lfe ll o ws The littl e e nc o ur ag e m e n t .

giv e n m e fo r fe a r l e st I sh o uld b e c o m e t o o cl e ve r a y o u ng m an is
, ,

t he c a us e th a t t he first y e a rs o f my life w e r e sp e nt in a r a th e r
dull a nd i nsig nifi c a nt m anne r .

Wh e n the tim e o f wh a t is t e rm e d the conclu sion of s tu dies

a rriv e d t he c o mpl e t e sil e nc e o f my fa th e r as t o my futur e a n d
, ,

a f e w c o nv e rs a ti o ns h e ld in my h e a ri ng w e r e the first i n ti ,

m ati o n I had o f t he c a r e e r i nt e nd e d fo r m e .

I n o rd e r t o giv e m e a high a nd e v e n t e mpti ng id e a o f t he

pro fe ssi o n m a rk e d o u t fo r m e it w as th o ught a dvis abl e to s e nd ,

1
P t m t
or e b l p i
-
a n ea u c Th C m t d l S uz
ez es r n ces .
2
e o e e a e .
I 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF PR I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

which cre dit e d The o nly pl a n th e n w as t o h o ld o ut t o

I w as
m e t he a ttr a cti o n o f public life a nd t o pictur e t o m e t he a d a n , v

t age s t o b e o bt a i ne d fro m it Th e y s o ught t o ava il th e ms e lve s .

O f t he ch a r a ct e ristics I might h a pp e n t o p o ss e ss .

With this O bj e ct I w as i nduc e d t o r e ad t he M e m oirs o f ,

C a rdi na l de R e tz t he lif o f C a rdi na l R ich e li e u th a t o f Ca rdi na l

,
e ,

Xim e ne s a nd th a t o f H inc m ard a fo rm e r C ardi nal o f R h e ims

, ,
.

Wh at e v e r might b e t he p ath I e nt e re d up o n my p a re nts ,

w e re disp o s e d t o a gre e t o it pro vid e d I cro ss e d t he thre sh o ld o f ,

t he C hurch .

The c o nst ant pr e ssur e br o ught t o b e a r o n m e did no t fi x my

r e s o luti o n but rath e r u ns e ttl e d it Y o uth is t he tim e in life
, .

wh e n w e a re m o st h o ne st I did no t th e n u nd e rst a nd wh at it .

w as t o e mbra c e o ne pr o fe ssi o n with t he i nt e nti o n o f fo ll o wi ng

a n o th e r t o a ssum e a p a rt o f c o nst a nt s e lf d e ni a l in o rd e r t he
,
-

b e tt e r t o succ e e d in a n a mbiti o us c a re e r t o j o i n t he C hurch '

in o rd e r t o b e c o m e Mi nist e r o f Fi na nc e s I t r e quir e d t o o gr e a t .

a k no wl e dg e o f t he s o ci e ty which I w as e n t e ri ng a n d o f t he ,

tim e s in which I w as livi ng t o r e g a rd this as a m a tt e r o f c o urse , .

But b e i ng al o ne I w as d e fe nc e l e ss all t he p e rs o ns w ho
, ,

surr o u nd e d m e sp o k e a c o nve nti o na l l angu age a nd c a re fully ,

c o nc e a l e d fro m m e a ll m e a ns o f av o idi ng t he c a rryi ng o u t o f t he

pl a n my p are nts ha d fo rm e d re sp e cti ng my futur e .

I sp e nt a y e a r at R h e ims at t he e xpir ati o n o f which s e e i ng , ,

th a t my fat e c o uld no t b e a vo id e d my we ari e d mi nd submitt e d ,

I a ll o w e d mys e lf t o b e t a k e n t o S a i n t S ulpic e Co ll e g e -
.
1

M o re th o ughtful th an is usu a l at t he age I w as t h e n r e b e lli o us , ,

but p o we rl e ss i ndig nant with o ut e ith e r d a ri ng to o r b e i ng j usti

, , ,

fi e d in displ ayi ng my i n dig na ti o n th e r e a re fe w i n st an c e s o f a

, ,

l d o f sixt e e n b e i ng as d e sp o nd e nt a nd ch e e rl e ss as I w as o n
a

e nt e ri ng th a t c o ll e g e I fo rm e d no i ntim a cy I did e v e rythi ng

. .

in cr o ss t e mp e r I ha d a grudg e a g i nst my m a st e rs my
-
. a ,

p a re nts i nstituti o ns ge ne ra lly but chi e fly ag ai nst t he sway o f

, ,

s o ci a l pro pri e ty t o which I saw mys e lf o blige d t o give w ay .

S i t S ulpic C ll g w f u d d i 5 4 by M J J cqu s Olli r curé f

1
a n -
e o e e as o n e n 1 2 . e an- a e e , o

t he p rish ; it w as t first situ t d t V gi rd I t s o o n cquir d c o nsid e r b l e

a a a e a au ra . a e a

i m p o rt nc e wi ng t th e e xc ll n c e o f its tuiti n nd to its strict e ccl si stic l

a ,
o o e e o a e a a

discipli n The pr s nt buildi ng w s r ct d by M L e R ag o n de B e to n illi r cur é

e e e a e e e r v e s,

o f S i nt S ulpic e p rish
. .

a -
I t c o nt i ns a m g nific e nt c e ili ng p ai nt e d by C h rl e s L e
a . a a a

Bru n the fam ou s art ist

,
Tra nslator ) . .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 1 5

I sp e nt thre e y e a rs a t S a i nt S ulpic e C o ll e ge a nd h rdly -

,
a

sp o k e a t a ll duri ng the wh o l e tim e p e o pl e th o ught I w as sup e r

c ilio u s a nd o ft e n r e pr o a ch e d m e with b e i ng so This s e e m e d t o .

m e so t o p o i n t o u t ho w littl e th e y k ne w m e th a t I d e ig ne d no ,

r e ply ; th e y th e n s aid th a t my a rro ga nc e w as b e yo nd a ll

e n dur a nc e G o o d H e av e ns ! I w as ne i t h e r a rro ga nt no r
.

pro ud I w as m e re ly a h arm l e ss y o u ng m a n e xtre m e ly

: ,

mis e r bl e a nd i nw rdly irrit at e d P eop le say I O ft e n th o ught

a a .
,

t o mys e lf t ha t ] a m fi t f r no tb ing
,
Fit fo r no thi ng
o .

A ft e r givi ng w ay t o d e sp o nd e ncy fo r a fe w m o m e nts a str o ng , ,

a nd c o mfo rti ng fe e li ng ch e e re d m e a nd I disc o ve re d t/z t I ,

a

w s fi t fo r som e tning e ve n fo r g od nd n bl d ds
a ,
Wh a t fo reo a o e ee .

b o di ngs a th o us a nd tim e s disp e ll e d did no t th e n cro ss my mi nd

, , ,

a lw ys pl a ci ng m e u n d r a sp e ll which I w as u na bl e t o e xpl a i n
a e

The libr a ry o f S a i nt S ulpic e Co ll e g e ha d b e n e n rich e d by

-
e

gifts fr o m C ardi na l de Fl e ury ; its w o rks w e re num e ro us a nd

c a re fully s l e ct e d I s p e nt my d ays th e re re adi ng the pr o duc
e .

ti o ns o f gre a t hist o ri ans t he priv at e live s O f st at e sm e n a nd

,

m o ralists a nd a fe w p o e ts I w as p a rticul a rly fo nd o f b o o ks o f

,
.

t r av e ls A ne w l and t he d ang e rs o f a st o rm t he pictur e o f a

.
, ,

wre ck t he d e scripti o n o f a c o u ntry b e a ri ng trac e s o f gr a t

, e

ch ange s s o m e tim e s o f uph e avals a ll this had d e e p i nt e re st fo r

, ,

me . S o m e tim e s wh e n I c o nsid e r e d th e s e v o y ag e s t o dist an t

,

l a nds th e s e dre adful sc e ne s d e scrib e d so vividly in the writi ngs

,

O f m o d e r n e xpl r rs it s e e m e d t o m e th a t my lo t w as no t so
o e ,

h o p e l e ss as I had th o ugh t A go o d libra ry a ffo rds tru e c o mfo rt .

t a ll t he disp o siti o n s o f t he s o ul
o .

My t hird a nd re a lly us e ful e ducati o n d t e s fro m this tim e it a ,

w a s s e lf t ugh t in l ne ly sil e nc e
-
a as I w a s a lw ays fa c e t o fa c e with
o

the a uth o r wh o s e w o rk I w as r e a di ng a nd c o uld n ly u se my o w n , o

j udgm e nt it ne a rly a lways h app e ne d th at wh e n my o pi ni o ns

, ,

diffe re d fro m th o s e o f a no th e r I th o ught mi ne t he right o ne ,

.

My id e a s thus re m a i ne d p e rs o na lly m y o w n the b o o ks I r e a d

e n ligh t n e d my mi nd
e but ne ve r e nsl ave d it I do no t pre t e n d
,
.

t o say th a t in so a c t i ng I w as right o r wro ng I m e r e ly s t at e ,

wh at I w s S uch l o ne ly s lf tui t i n must h ave s o m e va lu e

a . e -
o .

I f i njustic e whilst d e v e l o pi ng o u r fa culti e s has no t e mbitt e re d

, ,

o u r h e a rts t o o much w e d e rive gre at e r c o mfo rt fro m l o fty

,
1 6 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

th o ughts and no bl e impuls e s we fe e l stro nge r in c o nfro nti ng life s ,

’

tri a ls A fe e li ng o f h o p e v agu e a nd i nd e scrib abl e lik e all

.
, ,

y o uthful p a ssi o ns e xcit e d my mi nd I ne ve r a ll o we d it t o r e st

, .

By t he m e re st ch anc e I m e t a p e rs o n who ha d s o m e ,

i nflu e nce in m o difyi ng t he disp o siti o n in which I th e n w as I .

r e c o ll e ct this m e e ti ng with pl e a sure b e c aus e I a m m o st lik e ly ,

i nd e bt e d t o it fo r h avi ng b e e n sp a re d a ll t he e ffe cts o f m e l ancho ly

bro ught t o its m o st i nt e ns e d e gre e I h ad re a che d t he age o f .

t he myst e ri o us r e v e l a ti o ns o f t he s o ul a nd o f t he p assi o ns t he ,

m o m e nt in life wh e n a ll o u r fa culti e s bre a k fo rth in sup e r

a bu nd a n t a nd full a ctivity I had s e v e r a l tim e s no tic e d in
.
,

o ne o f t he l a t e r a l shri ne s o f S a int S u lp ic e church a h a nd ~

,

s o m e yo u ng l a dy wh o s e simpl e a nd m o d e st l o o k pl e as e d m e
e xtr e m e ly A t e ight e e n this is a n a ttr a cti o n fo r a ny y o u ng
.
,

m a n w ho is no t d e pr av e d I a tt e nd e d t he chi e f s e rvic e s m o r e
:

a ssidu o usly O ne day as she l e ft t he church a s e v e r e sh o we r

.
, ,

se t in which e mb o ld e ne d m e t o pr o p o s e t o he r t o se e he r h o m e ,

pro vid e d she did no t live t o o fa r S he agre e d t o sh a re my .

umbre ll a I a cc o mp a ni e d he r t o R u e F éro u wh e re she w as

.
,

l o dgi ng ; she a ll o we d m e t o se e he r t o he r a p a rtm e nts ; a nd .

quit e natura lly lik e a ve ry pure y o u ng l a dy she pro p o s e d th at

, ,

I sh o uld c o m e g a i n A t fi rst I av a il e d mys e lf o f he r o ffe r ab o ut

a .
,

twic e a we e k a nd aft e rwa rds m o re o ft e n H e r p a re nts had s e nt

, .

h e r o n t he st g e a g a i nst he r wish I w as a cl e ric a l stud e nt g a i nst

a a

mi ne This sway o f i nte r e st in he r c as e a nd o f ambiti o n in

.
,

mi ne bro ught ab o ut mutu a l u nre s e rve d c o nfid e nc e b e twe e n us

, .

A ll t he tr o ubl e s o f my life all my fits o f ill hum o ur he r o w n ,

-
,

tri a ls a nd dis pp o i ntm e nts o ccupi e d a ll o u r c o nve rs ati o ns I

a , .

h ave si nc e b e e n t o ld th at she had no t much s e ns e : a lth o ugh I

saw he r a lm o st d a ily f o r t w o y e a rs I ne v e r no tic e d it , .

Th anks t o he r I b e c a m e e ve n in c o ll e ge m o re a mi abl e o r at
, ,

l e a st b e tt e r t e mp e re d My sup e ri o rs c a nno t h av e fail e d to h av e

-
.

had s o m e suspici o n o f wh a t h ad r e c o ncil e d m e t o my p o siti o n and

e v e n m a de m e s o m e wh a t ch e e rful But t he A bbé Co uturi e r had 1
.

t aught th e m t he art o f b e i ng bli nd whe n ne c e ss ary he had t o ld

1
The A bb é C uturi r w b r i o e as o n n 1 6 88 H e was fri e nd o f C rdi n l de F l e ury
a a a ,

pp i t d him A bb t f C h u m s nd aft e rw ards h e ad o f S ai nt S ulpic e C o ll e g e

.

w ho a o n e o o a e , a
-
.

He di e d in 1 7 70 .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 1 7

the m ne ve r t o fi nd fault with a yo u ng stud e nt who m th e y re ga rd e d

as d e sti ne d t o fill high p o sts t o b e c o m e c o adj ut o r t o the ,

a rchbish o p o f R h e ims p e rh aps a c a rdi na l p e rh aps e v e n M inist re

, ,

de la f u ill e H o w c o uld a ny o ne t e ll
e .
1

I l e ft c o ll e g e s o m e tim e b e fo r e t he c o r o nati o n o f t he ki ng
2
.
3

My p a re nts s e nt m e t o R h e ims in o rd e r t o a tt e nd this c e re m o ny .

The p o we r o f t he cl e rgy w as th e n at its h e ight ; t he bish o p

suffrag an o f R h e ims w as t o O ffi c iat e in c as e t he O ld age o f ,

C a rdi na l de la R o ch e A ym o n sh o uld as it was fe a r e d pr e v e nt

-
, ,

him fro m a tt e ndi ng this s o l e m n c e re m o ny Wh a t a gl o ri o us .

tim e !
A y o u ng ki ng scrupul o usly m o ra l a nd u nc o mm o nly m o d e st ;
,

mi nist e rs w e ll k no wn fo r th e ir a bility and upright ne ss a

,

qu e e n wh o s e a ffabl e ne ss gra ce a nd ki nd ne ss t e mp e re d t he ,

a ust e re virtu e s o f he r c o ns o rt ; e ve ryb o dy fi ll e d with re sp e ct !

t he h e a rt o f e ve ry subj e ct o v e rfl o wi ng with a ffe cti o n fo r t he
yo u ng s o ve re ig ns ! j o y w as e ve rywh e re ! N e v e r did such a
bright spri ng pre c e d e such a st o rmy a utum n such a dism a l ,

wi nt e r .

My a cqu ai nt anc e with s e ve r al w o m e n re m a rk abl e in diffe re nt

w ays and wh o s e fri e ndship ne ve r c e as e d to give a ch arm t o my
,

life d at e s fro m t he c o ro na ti o n o f L o uis X V I Th e s e l adi e s

, .

we re t he Duch e ss e de Luy ne s t he Duch e ss e de F it z J am e s a nd ,

4 -
5
,

t he V ic o mt e ss e de L a v a l .
6

it r lly M i nist e r o f th R o ll ( f b ne fi ce s) The feu ille w s b o k in which

1
L e a ,
e o e . a a o

w re i nscri b e d ll th v c nt b e ne fi c s in th gift o f th C r w n This b o k w s k e pt

e a e a a e e e o . o a
b y pr e l t e t o wh m in f ct the p o w e r f n m i n ti n w
a a o d e l g t d by th ki ng
a o o a o as e a e e

A ll th bisho prics r abb e ys in the gift o f the C ro w n w e re thus c o nfe rr d by the

, , , .

e o e

Ildinistre de la feu ille .

tic d th t ll yr d d s ti h r ith r x ct
.

a M de T a e
2
I t m ay b e no e an o e no t m e n o n
. e e e e the e a
d t
a e of his r i ti circu st c s tt di g this c r
o d na o n, o r th e m an e a e n n y e em on t The C o m e de .

h is ul
C o e sp ki g
G o u ffie r,
-
ea this subj ct r l t d th t h vi g c ll d
n on e ,
e a e a , a n a e on M de .

ll yr d
Ta e an o n the e e n n v i g pr c di g his rdi ti
e e n o fu d st t
na o n, he o n him in a i l t a e o fV o e n

i w rd st uggl
n a r t rs givi g
e , all in e a , and d sp ir
n w ay t o e ah is ul th
M de C o e d en en e a . .

p rsu d his fri d

v o u re d t o e a e en c su
no t t o ton s crific but
m m a e the a f r his
e ; th e e a o f
th r
m o e , of a a t rdy sc d l c rt f ls prid
an a , a ain ld ck
e , he xcl i d
him b a , and he e a me ,
—
e a e
It is l t th r is r tr ti g
too a e, e e no e e a n no w
”
( M de B acou rt )
Ju
. .

3 1 1 h
t ne , 1 7 7 5 .

4
lis b th
E a e t r cy v l d ught r
de M o n m o e n La a , a rsh l
e o f the M a t r cy
a D u e de M o n m o e n
-

v l rri d
L a a , m a e in 1 76 8 L o uis ’
uy s Brig di r G r l
d A lb e rt, D u e de L ne , who w as a e e ne a , -

De puty t t sG r l
t o th e S a e S t ru d r
e ne a , and e na o
-
pir
n e the E m e

hi rd d ught r H ry
.

5
r b ly ri
P o ab M a e de T a , a e of hi ren t Bissy
de T a d, C o m e de , w ho

rri d
m a e in 1 7 6 8 the D ue de F itz J s Brig di r G r l
am e , a e e ne a - -
.

6
t ri v r i r rri d
C a h e ne Ta e n e de B o u llo ngne , w ho , in 1 7 6 5 m a e M a thi u te de M o n
r cy v l k w u d r
m o en ic t
L a a , no n n e th e nam e o f V o m e de L a a
-
v l .

VO L . I .
1 8 TH E zldE M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

The ss mbly o f the cl e rgy w as ab o ut t o sit I w as e l e ct e d

a e
1
,

by t he pro vi nc e o f R h e ims t o b e a m e mb e r o f this a ss e mbl y I .

c are fully w atch e d ho w b u si ne ss w as c o nduct e d in this imp o rt ant

b o dy A mbiti o n w a s th e re re pre s e nt e d in vari o us disguis e s
. .

R e ligi o n hum nity p atri o tism phil o s o phy e a ch o f th e s e h ad its

,
a , , ,

s o c a ll e d supp o rt e rs !
-
Wh e ne ve r t he p e cu ni a ry i nt e re sts o f t he
cl e rgy w e re thre at e ne d a ll t he m e mb e rs r o s e in d e fe nc e o f th e s e ,

i nt e re s t s th o ugh th e y did no t all re s o rt t o the s a m e a rgum e nts

, .

The m o st pi o us bish o ps e xpre ss e d t he fe a r th a t t he pr o p o s e d

r e fo rms w o uld dimi nish t he sh a r e o f the p o o r ; th o s e w ho b e
l o nge d t o t he high a rist o cra cy we re a fra id o f a ny i nno va ti o n ,

th o s e wh o s e a mbiti o n w as an o p e n s e cre t cl a im e d th at the cl e rgy , ,

b e i ng t he m o st e n light e ne d b o dy o f t he ki ngd o m sh o uld b e a t ,

t he h e a d o f a ll g o v e r n m e n t a dmi n istr a ti o ns a nd in o rd e r no t , ,

t o b e a burd e n o n t he S t at e sh o uld fi nd in t he w e a lth b e qu e a th e d , ,

th e m by o u r pi o us fo re fa th e rs t he m e ans o f fa ci ng t he e xp e ns e s ,

ne c e ss arily i nv o lv e d in t he t e nure o f high S t at e o ffic e s Thus in .

,

t he m a nag e m e nt o f th e ir t e mp o r a l a ffa irs t he cl e rgy o f t he ,

e ight e e nth c e ntury m a d e n o c o nc e ssi o ns t o t h e spirit o f t he tim e s .

Wh e n M de M a ch ault Mi nist e r o f Fi na nc e s pro p o s e d t o t ax t he

.
2
, ,

pro p e rty o f t he cl e rgy lik e th a t o f a ll o th e r subj e cts t he wh o l e ,

cl e rgy ro s e t o o pp o s e the m o ti o n a nd d e cl a r e d th t th e y w o uld ,

a

n o t submit t o this m e a sur e Pr o p e rty giv e n t o the C hurch .

,

th e y s a id b e l o ngs t o Go d and is c o ns e crat e d t o H im This

,
.

c o ns e cra ti o n has the e ffe ct o f imp a rti ng t o such pro p e rty a

p e culi a r d e sti na ti o n and t he mi nist e rs o f re ligi o n a re its s o l e dis ,

h e s ass e m bli s o r g ne r l m e ti ngs o f the cl rgy d t d fr m the sixt e nth

1
T e e e a e e a e o e

c ntury S i nc e 1 5 6 7 th y w e r h ld v ry fi y rs Th ir O bj e ct w s t d t rm i ne
e .
,
e e e e e ve ea . e a o e e

a nd p rti n t the am u nt
o o f suppli e s ( fr e gift ) t b e p id to the ki ng
ou o Th e y ls
o e o a . a o

d eal t with r ligi us m tt rs Th y w e r divid e d i nt o o rdi nary nd e xtr ordi n ry r

e o a e . e e a a a o

pl e n ry ss m b li s which t lt rn t ly The s e ssi o n o f the l tt r l ste d six m o nths

a a e e , sa a e a e . a e a ,

a nd c m pris d t wo d e puti s
o f t he first rd r and t wo o f th s c o nd fo re ch e ccl si s
e e o o e ,
e e ,
a e a

tic l pro vi nce th o rdi n ry o m i n r ss m bli s o nly l ast e d thre e m o n ths nd w e re

a e a r o a e e , a

o nly c o m p s e d fa si ngl de puty f e ch o rd r fo r e ch pr o vi nc

o o e o a e a e.

J e an B ptiste de M ch ult C m t e d A no ille w b o rn in 1 70 1 fr m an ld

2 -
a a a , o
’
r uv , as , o o

f m ily o f m gistr t e s H e b c m succ e ssiv ly C u ns e ll o r o f p rl m ent

a a a e a e e o a e

C o m ptro lle r G ne r l ( 1 74 5 — K e p e r o f the S ls nd S e cr t ry o f S t t

.

17 -
e a e ea a e a a e

t othe M ri ne D p rt m e nt a H e w s dis m is se d fr m ll his p sts in 1 7 5 7

e a nd liv d a o a o , a e

H avi ng be e n rre st e d in 1 7 94 he di e d in pris n

.

in r tire m e nt u ntil the R e v o luti o n

e . a ,
o

a f e w w e e ks l t e r a .

Th p l m t w e b t ar e fl w bli h d i h
en s hi f i i
e re f ld Fu Th y h d
cou rt s o a e st a s e n t e c e c t es o o ra nce . e a

no p li i l ho t ca h p l m t f P i
c h w v
a rac t e r : m d hi
t eh ar ev l en o a r s, o e e r, assu e t s c ara c t e r o n se e ra

o cc
a i d f
s o ns, a n d t g i i y l d
re u sei w hi h g i o i re i d i x l iv
s t e r c e rt a n ro a e c t s, c re st rat o n c o nst t u te ts e c us e

p i vi l g
r edg v h
e , an d h f fl w a e t e e lc t s t e o rce o a .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON . 1 9

p e nse rs a nd m ana ge rs ; t h immu nity o f C hurch pro p e rty is a e

pri ncipl e o f Fr e n ch public law The i nt e rfe r e nc e o f c o nsci e nc e .

in a ll t h e s e fi na nci a l qu a rr e ls e nabl e d t he cl e rgy t o displ ay in ,

t he discussi o n o f this imp o rt a nt m a tt e r a d e gre e o f e l o qu e nc e ,

which th e y a l o ne p o ss e ss M de M o nt au se t M de Bre t e uil . .

,
1
.
2
,

a nd M de N i o l if h a vi n g a ttr a ct e d tt e nti o n by th e ir brilli a nt

” a
. c a

sp e e ch e s t o o k up a pro mi ne nt p o siti o n in t he a ss e mbly a nd

, ,

e nj o y e d a ll t he imp o rt a n c e giv e n th e m by M de Ma ch ault s

’
.

re sig na ti o n .

The g o v e r nm e nt g v e w ay On t he subj e ct o f p o ss e ssi o n but a ,

m o o te d ano t h e r p o i nt which re fe rre d t o t he m o d e by which the ,

cl e rgy ha d o bt a i ne d p o ss e ssi o n o f th e ir pro p e rty a nd might l e a d ,

t o t he sh a ki ng o f t he v e ry pri ncipl e Of p o ss e ssi o n The q e sti o n . u

was t o d e cid e wh e th e r t he cl e rgy w e r e subj e ct e d t o fe a lty a nd

,

h o m age t o avo wa l a nd e num e rati o n in sh o rt t o fe ud a l duti e s

, , ,

t o wa rds the ki ng I t ha d b e e n discuss e d s e ve ra l tim e s si nc e t he

.

b e gi nni ng o f t he s e v e nt e e nth c e ntury a nd o n e ve ry o cc a si n t he , , o ,

cl e rgy had o bt a i ne d a favo urabl e d e cisi o n ; but as th e y c o uld ,

n o t pro duc e a ny d o cum e nt a ry e vid e nc e in supp o rt o f th e ir cl a ims ,

th e y had b e e n subj e ct e d t o r e ne we d a tt a cks I n 1 7 2 5 the cl e rgy .

,

h avi ng re fus e d t o a dmit t he t a x o f t he fifti e th t he go ve r nm e nt ,

e n fo rc e d t he e x e cuti o n o f a pr e vi o us d e cl a r ati o n a cc o rdi ng t o ,

which t he cl e rgy s pre te nsi o n th a t th e y we re e xcus e d fro m dis

’

c h a rgi ng th e ir fe ud a l duti e s w as pr o no u nc e d null a n d e rr o ne o us , .

S i nc e th e n o n v ari o us pr e t e xts t he cl e rgy had o bt a i ne d at e a ch

, ,

subs e qu e nt a ss e mbly o rd e rs which with o ut d e cidi ng the c as e , , , ,

susp e nd e d t he applic ati o n o f t he law o f 1 6 7 4 .

S o m e difli c u lt ie s and s o m e d e l ays in t he e ngr o ssi ng o f t he

o rd e r o f susp e nsi o n o f 1 7 7 5 i nduc e d t he cl e rgy t o m a k e fr e sh
4
,

e ffo rts The wo rks o f D o m B o uqu e t we r e c o nsult e d a nd in 5

.
,

1
No p e rs o n of this
xist e d t th t ti m e The uth o r pro b bly m e n s
nam e e a a a a a

t b o rn in 1 7 1 3 ch pl i n t th ki ng in 1 74 2 Bish p f A utu n in 1 7 4 8
.

M de M ont
. az e a a o e o o

A rchb ish p f L yo ns in 1 7 5 9 nd wh di d in 1 7 88
, , , ,

o o , a o e .

F r nc i V ict o r le To nne li r de Br t e uil b o rn in 1 724 Bish p o f M o nt ub n in

2
a o s- e e , , o a a
1 76 2 .

3
h e re w re at this ti m e tw pr l t e s b l o ngi ng to th N ico l fam ily L o uis
T e o e a e e aI :
M ri e b o rn in 1 7 29 Bish p o f C h rs in 1 7 7 7 ; A i m r C l ud e b o r n in 1 7 3 8 Bish p
,

a , ,
o a o a -
a , o
,

o f B ezi e rs in 1 7 7 1 wh m igr t d in 1 7 9 2 nd di d in F l r nc in 1 8 1 4
, o e a e , a e o e e .

4 ‘
A rret de
’
su rsea n ce

rti n B uqu t l e rn d B e ne dicti n m o nk b rn t A m i e ns ( 1 685

.

5 D om Ma o e a a e e o a

A bb y o f S i nt G e rm ai n de P res H is th uth r o f w rk
, ,

C hi e f ibr ri L o ft h
a an e e a - -
s- . e e a o a o

C 2
20 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

n um e ro us m e m o irs o f o ne o f which I b e li e v e I a m t he auth o r , , , ,

t he cl e rgy se t fo rth th a t s e e i ng th a t th e y h e ld th e ir immu nity

fro m t he m u nifi c e nc e o f t he ki ngs o f Fra nc e th e ir c a s e w as ,

rul e d by the g e ne ra l l e gisl a ti o n o f t he ki ngd o m which pro t e cts ,

e qu a lly t he rights o f a ll t he o rd e rs a n d t he pr o p e rty o f a ll

1

citiz e ns G o i ng furth e r i nt o the d e t ails o f t he c as e th e y

.
,

pre t e nd e d th a t a ll the pr o p e rty th e y p o ss e ss e d pre vi o us t o t he

y e ar 1 7 00 pro c e e d e d fro m tith e s a ll o dium o r fre e gifts S o
, , ,
.
2

th at no fe ud l s e rvic e b e i ng du e fo r tith e s a ll o dium o r fre e gifts

a , , ,

t he c o nclusi o n w as th a t all t he pro p e rty o f t he cl e rgy sh o uld b e

fre e fro m fe ud a l duti e s I do no t re c o ll e ct ho w th e y g o t o ve r .

t he di f fi culty a risi ng fr o m spiritu a l p e e r a g e s The A rchbish o ps .

3

o f N a rb o nne o f A ix o f B o rd e aux Bish o p o f 6

a nd t he
4 5
, , ,

N ve rs displ aye d gre at a bility in the c o urs e o f this gre a t

e
7
,

d e b at e But the e xpl a nati o ns o bt a i ne d fro m t he C h a mb e r o f

.

A cc o u nts in pursu a nc e o f a n O rd e r in C o u ncil a nd fur nish e d

8
,

en titl d R
e il d I I i t i d l G l
ec u e C ll cti
es f th H ist ri s f G ul
s or e ns e a au e o e on o e o an o a

A th r B uqu t r w d jurist d ph w f th l tt r di d i 78 ; h
no e o e , a e no ne an a ne e o e a e , e n 1 1 e

pub lish d v ari us w o rks o n e ccl si stic l l w Th e re m y h v b e e n s m e c o nfusi n

e o e a a a . a a e o o

b e tw e n the t w nd th w rks o f the ne ph e w m y thus h ve b e n rro n o usly

e o, a e o a a e e e

ascrib d to his un cl
e e .

1
The n ti o n is k n w n wa divide d i nt o thre e o rd rs the cl e rgy the no bility
,
as o , as e , ,

and th third st at e
e e .

2
F r n /r m bn w as the n m e giv e n to fr e gifts m ad e to church e s o r h
a c es a u es a e os

p it als . Tra n sla t or ) .

3
Thespiritu l t p r l p rs
a o r em o a ee ki gd
o f th e w d f lty
n om o h e gea and o m a e t o the
ki g
n , and h ad to disch rg a f ud l duti s t w rds
e all th e e a e o a him
A rthur A rchbish p
.

4
ill b r
de D o n, o n in 1 7 2 1 , Bish p vr ux
o o fE e ( 1 75 ul us o o fTo o e
rb
o fN a o nne r sid tP e St t s
e n o f t he gu d c
a e o f L an ss bly
e o , and o f th e a em

o f th e cl rgy h ld
e e in 1 780
J
.

5
i u y
e an de D e -
d b r s
R a m o n de B o isge lin o n at R e nne in 1 7 3 2 ,
-
Bish p v ur o o f La a

A rch ish p St t s
,

b o o f Aix r sid t P e e n o f t he r v c d puty

a e of P o en e, e o f the
cl rgy
e S t t s G r l r sid t
t o t he a e e ne a , P e en titu t A ss
o f the C o ns
-
ly en em b He
em igr t d r tur d
a e , e ne r c
t o F an e in 1 80 2, w as app i t d A rchbish p
o n e ur o o f To s and
Ca rdi l na , and di d e in 1 80 4
A rchbish p
.

6 F
rdi d ri d c ri c
e nan h r
M e a e , P n e de R o an G u ém énée , b o n in 1 7 3 8, o of-

B rd ux
o ea r i
and o f C am b a igr t d
H e em r tur d
a e r c
in 1 7 9 2, e ne t o F an e
in 1 80 2, and w as a pp i t d ch pl i
o n e a p ss J s phi
a n t o th e E m re o e ne
J A ti
.

7 e an r
n o n e Tinse au, b o n at B s e anco n B is p v rs ho o f N e e
2
The C/za m bre des Co mptes was a supr c urt fr wh s d cisi s th r
em e o om o e e on e e w as

no a pp l ea i stitut d
I t w as n . e h ri g
fo r the v rific ti
ea n and e cc u ts
a o n o f t he a o n o f a ll
trust d with pu lic
o fli c ials e n e b y m o ne ls t k c ss ry
I t had a o t o a e all ne e a sur s m ea
. e fo r
t he pr s rv ti
e e a o n o f the C or w st t s n e a e pr p rty
a nd B sid s
o e h b r
e e the C a m e of

A cc u t
.

o n s o fPa ris th r w r si il r c urts

e e e e m a o chi f t w s
in t he eki gdo n o f th e n om The
r A cc u ts
.
,

h
C am b e o f o n ris
of Pa fu d d
w as o n e hilip by P ir h b r
t he F a The C am e o f .

Pa ris v r fi d
e i e r gist r d
a nd e e e rd c sc c r i g t t s r v u s
a ll the o inan e on e n n es a e , e en e , or ex

r w l tt s
p e nditure o f the C o n, the e e r o f no b ility d ds r c g iti
, t he ee of e o n o n o r le gitim iz a

ti o n o f na tur l childr
a d ds r l ti g
e n, th e ee e a n si ki g
t o t he d ts n n d ds
of e b , th e ee of

app g ana e , & c r c iv d

It e e e ths
. ll gi c
t he o a o fa e h g
a n e and ki g fr his
o m a e to th e n om

v ss ls
a a , and r gist r d
e e e r w l s s
all C o n ea eg r llyand tt rs c c r i g
e ne a all m a e on e n n th e
fi c s
n an e o f t he St t a e Tra nsla tor ) . .
22 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

th e s e m e a sure s o fd e structi o n and the ro ya l o rd e rs which e nj o i ne d ,

t he cl o si ng o f th e s e c o nv e n ts a llud e d with r e gre t t o t he ne c e ssity ,

o f h avi ng r e c o urs e t o such e xtr e m e st e ps but it w as th e n wish e d

t o c o nsid e r th e m as i ndisp e n s abl e in o rd e r t o str e ngth e n t he
discipli ne o f t he C hurch a nd t o pre s e rve fro m c o rrupti o n th o s e ,

o rd e rs which it w as h o p e d c o uld still b e a ll o w e d t o e xist .

I a m far fr o m thi nki ng th a t t he bish o ps wh o had dr a ft e d t he

pr oj e ct o f th at p e rm a ne nt c o mmissi o n w e re a wa r e o f a ll t he ,

d a nge r its a d o pti o n w a s t o pre s e nt fo r t he cl e rgy Th e y sure ly .

b e li e ve d th at th e y w o uld b e abl e t o dire ct its a pplic ati o n and , ,

if ne e d e d e ve n t o susp e nd it But t he tim e had a lre ady c o m e

, .

wh e n p e o pl e had c e as e d t o b e m o d e rat e in all qu e sti o ns r e l ative

t o r e ligi o us o rd e rs H a rdly a day p a ss e d with o ut s o m e w o rk
.

b e i ng publish e d c o nc e rni ng t he abusiv e pra ctic e s o f o ne o rd e r ,

t he us e l e ss ne ss o f a no th e r ; a nd I do no t r e c o ll e ct th at duri ng ,

t he tw e n ty y e a rs th a t pr e c e d e d t he Fr e nch R e vo luti o n a ,

si ngl e cl e ve r p e n was ra is e d in d e fe nc e o f re ligi o us o rd e rs .

The hist o ri ans no l o ng e r e v e n d a re d t o say th at c o nv e nts a nd

m o nast e ri e s m o re th an a ny o th e r c aus e imp a r te d a p e culi a r
, ,

ch a ra ct e r t o t he gre a t Euro p e an civiliz ati o n a nd m ad e it dis

t inc t ly u nlik e any o th e r I t ha s o ft e n o ccurr e d t o m e th at t he .

c e lib a cy o f pri e sts p o we rfully c o ntribut e d t o pre s e rve Euro p e

fro m the spirit o f c ast e ; a nd it is but ne c e ss a ry t o re fe r t o
hist o ry t o se e t h a t this spirit t e nds ge ne ra lly to ch e ck the
pro gre ss o f civiliz ati o n M de Bo na ld c o uld fi nd in this t he . .

t e xt o f a p ap e r much in k e e pi ng with his o w n id e a s .

The p e culi a rity o f t he p e ri o d I a m no w r e a chi ng w as th a t ,

e v e ryb o dy w as a n xi o us t o b e no t e d fo r t a l e nts o r a ptitud e s

fo re ig n t o his pursuit The fo rm a ti o n o f the pro vi nci a l as .

se m b lie s fur nish e d t he o cc a si o n o f c a lli ng public att e nti o n t o

1

p o rt nt o fwhich w as o n M o n t V al eri n
a nd tw e lv e c o nv e nts o f nu ns I t w s the e a a

w lthi e st o rd r in F r nc e —The rd r o f S w t w a f u nd e d t F l o re nc e in the

.

'

ea e a o e er es s o a

thirt e nth c e ntury by s e v e n m rch nts Th ir chi e f e st blishm e nt w s th co nve nt f

e e a e a a e o

t h e A nnu n ci d in F l r e nc
.

t he y h d spre d to F r nc wh re th y w e re k n w n u nd r
,

a e o e a a a e, e e o e

t he n m e f B l n
a M nt au x l o n cc o u nt f th e ir dre s s —The rd r o f S i nt R ufus
o a cs- a e
‘ '
a o o e a -

d t e d fro m th e sixth c e ntury A t the ti m e f its b o liti n it o nly p o ss e ss e d fi fty s e v e n

a o a o -

A t th ir re qu e st ,P pe C l m e nt X I V s e cul ris e d
.
,

m n st e ri s nu m b e ri ng 200 m nks
o a e o e o e . a

th e m nd i nco rpo r t d th e m in the m ilit ry rd r o f S i nt L z rus ( J uly

, .

,
a a e a o e a -
a a ,

The pro vi nci l ass m bli e s w re c ll e ctiv e ad m i nistr ti ns i nstitut e d u nde r

1
a e e o a o

A P i Th f t
87 —
w ll k w h ill n e -
no d
n i e ar d m h ar s. bl t th G m e i
or e re c t e on t c au se uc t ro u e o e er a ns n
lly Whi l k “ ”
1 7 0 1 . Li te ra ,
te c o a s
-
.
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 23

the p e rs o ns e l e ct e d t o pre sid e o ve r th e m M N e ck e r w ho w as . .

,
1

a lw ays a fr id o f be i ng r e pr o a ch d f o r b e i ng a C a lvi n ist th o ught

a e ,

he c o uld shi e ld hims e lf by a pp o i nti ng t o t h e diffe r nt p o sts o f his e

d e p a rtm e nt all bish o ps e nd o we d with s o m e t a l e nt ; thus it w as

th a t withi n a fe w y e a rs all t he pr o vi nci a l admi nistrati o ns we re ,

m anage d by the m o st disti nguish e d bish o p o f e a ch pro vi nc e I s .

it no t re m a rk abl e th at a cl e rgy c o mp o s e d o f m e n s o m e o f wh o m , ,

we re m o st pi o us o th rs sp e ci a lly g o o d a dmi nistrat o rs o th e rs ,

e , ,

a g a i n w o rldly a nd lik e t he A rchbish o p o f N a rb o nne

,
t a ki ng a
, , ,

c e rt a i n prid e in re li nquishi ng fo r a whil e t he grave and s e ve re

duti e s o f th e ir avo c ati o n t o l e ad t he life o f a no bl e m an —is it 2

no t r e m a rk a bl e I say th a t b e i ng c o mp o s e d o f so m a ny diff e re nt , ,

e l e m e nts this cl e rgy sh o uld ne v e rt h e l e ss pre s e rv e the s am e

, , ,

spirit Y e t it is a n u nd e ni abl e fa ct and m o r e th an subst anti at e d

, ,

by a n i ncid e nt which I c o uld sc a rc e ly cr e dit had I no t wit ne ss e d ,

it p e rs o na lly A fe w d ays a ft e r t he o p e ni ng o ft he S t at e s G e ne ra l
.
-

I a tt e nd e d with t he chi e f m e mb e rs o f t he cl e rgy a c o nfe r e n c e

h e ld in Ve rs a ill e s at C ardi na l de la R o ch e fo uca uld s ; t h e re ’
3
,

M Dul au A rchbish o p o f A rl e s e a r ne stly pro p o s e d t o s e iz e so

.
,
4
,

Lo uis X VI in the tw nty six g ném l té . o f the ki ngd m Turg o t was

e -
e
'
z
'

s o .

t he first to thi nk f this i nstituti o n it w h w v r r s e rve d to N e ck e r to p p ly the

o as o e e e a

id eaTh s e ss m bli e s w e r f rm d o f m e m b rs f th thr

. o a erd rs the Third E st t e e o e e o e ee o e , a

s ndi ng twic the nu m b e r f the th r t w Th e y h ld th ir s ssi n nc in tw

e e o o e o. e e e o o e o

y rs nd nly t f
ea ,
a m nth th y w re e ntrust d with the l e vyi ng nd dist ib
o sa or a o e e e a r u
ti o n o f t x s nd p o ss s e d b sid s ne rly ll th e attribut s o f th pr e s e n t G ne r l
a e a e s e e a a e e e a

H lf the m e m b e rs w re app i nt d by the ki ng nd th se e l ct e d

, ,

C o u n cils in F r anc e . a e o e ,
a e e

th th e r h lf
e o a

J cqu s N e ck e r be l o nge d to a f m ily o f E ngli h o rigin which e m igr t d to

.

1
a e a s , a e

G r m ny in th sixt nth c ntury I n 1 7 24 his f th r t k up his r sid e nc in

e a e ee e a e oo e e

G e n v wh e r h b e c m pr f ss o r o f l w J cqu e s w b rn in 1 7 3 2 c m t o P ris
.
,

e a, e e a e o e a . a as o ,
a e a

in 1 7 5 0 nd f u nd d b n ki ng c n c e r n th r
, a H e b e c m e D ir ct o r f t h Tr e asury in
o e a a o e e . a e o e
nd ft rw rds G e ne r l D ir e ct o r o f F i n n c e s with ll th e p w r f M i nist e r
f S t t e — titl e which c o uld no t b e c nf rr e d up n him fo r t he tw f ld r e as o n f his
1 7 76 ,
a a e a a a ,
a o e o a

o a a o e o o o o

b i ng a P ro te st nt nd f re igne r H re tire d to priv t life in 1 780 w s e xil d in

e a a a o e a e a e
fi c e in 1 7 88 w as e xil e d g i n n J uly 1 1 1 7 89
.
,

1 7 8 7 r e su m e d o f nd c ll d g i n t o a a o a a e a a

p ire b y th A ss e m bly t n d ays l t e r H is p pul rity h o w v e r did n t l s t l ng

, , , ,

ov r e e a o a e o a o

he r sig n d o n S pt m b e r 1 8 1 7 90
.
, ,

e e H e r tir e d t o C pp t wh r h di d in 1 80 4
e e e o e e e e e

M de D ill n A rch b ish p f N rb nn p ss e ss d n e st t e ne r S iss ns wh e r e

.
, , .

2
. o ,
o o a o e, o e a a a o o ,

h hu nt e d l rg g m six m nths in t h y r H the n m f this

’

te F nt ne w
e st t e —
e a e a e o e ea . au -
o az as a e o

(P r n T
°

a z ce

D m i niqu de l R o ch e f uc uld C m t e d S i nt E lpis b o rn in 1 7 1 3 A rch

.

3
o e a o a o e a

bish o p f A l bi
, , ,

o o f R ue n C rdi n l D e puty f the C l rgy t the o a a o e o

S t t s G en r l H m igr t e d in 1 79 2 nd di d in 1 800
a e -
e a e e a a e
J e n M ri e D ul u b o rn ne r P érigu ux in 1 73 8 A rchbisho p o f A rl s in 1 775
.
,
4
a -
a a , a e e ,

Th fi i l j i di i
e f ld F
nanc a ; h f h m w dm i iur s d by ffi i l m d
c t o ns o o ran c e eac o t e as a n ste re an o c a na e
h p vi ill j y d h p i i
'

t d Th g
’
’
f h p y d ét t w
’ ’

z n en t an l té h e wh e n e ra z s o t e a s a s e re t o se e re t e ro nce st en o e t e rv o

x w fix d by y l d l g t ll d
.

l g ffi i g i
'’
e e o w i
x n I h p y d l ti
ts o th n ta xat o n . n t e a s e ec on, e ta es e re e ro a e e a e s ca e
Tra nsla to r )
‘

e lu s . .
24 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

fa vou ra ole ( th e s w r his o wn e xpre ssi o ns ) t o ge t the

a n occa sio n
e e e

na ti o n t o p ay t he d e bts o f t he cl e rgy This m o ti o n lik e th at o f .

,

M de Th mi ne s whe n he a dvis e d the cl e rgy to s o licit the m e e ti ng

. e 1

o f t he S t a t e s G e ne r a l m e t with no o pp o siti o n
-
The A rchbish o p, .

o f A rl e s in wh o s e a bility a nd wisd o m e v e ryb o dy pl ac e d c o nfi

'

d e nc e w as app o i nt e d t o s e c o nd the m o ti o n o f M Dul au a nd

, .
,

pre ss its a d o pti o n by the S t ate s G e ne ral wh e ne ve r he th o ught -

,

t he m o m e nt o pp o rtu ne I t re quir e d t he l aps e o fm any m o nths and .

a ll t he o mi no us e v e nts th at h a pp e ne d in t he m e a ntim e t o e na bl e
,

t he g o o d s e ns e o f M de B o isg e lin A rchbish o p o fA ix t o p e rsu a d e

.
, ,

t he cl e rgy no t o nly t o w a iv e this a bsurd m o ti o n but e v e n t o

, ,

m a k e a c o nsid e rabl e s a crific e in o rd e r t o c o ve r t he fa m o us de ficit

which had b e e n t he pre t e xt fo r all th at w as go i ng o n fo r a y e a r
it:w a s t o o l at e it is tru e t he pr e t e xt w as fo rg o tt e n b e sid e s th e r e ,

w as no l o ng e r a ny ne e d o f it si nc e t he S t at e s G e ne ra l had ,
-

b e c o m e t he N a ti o na l A ss e mbly .

I no tic e th at whil e sp e a ki ng o f t he cl e rgy I do no t o bs e rv e ,

chro no l o gic a l o rd e r ; I am c o mp e ll e d to do so A wo rk o n any .

give n subj e ct c o nfi ne d t o studyi ng the pro gre ss o f e ve nts y e a r

,

a ft e r y e a r must ne e ds o ft e n b e o bscur e a n d a lw ays d e v o id o f

,

i nt e re st I thi nk it pre fe rabl e fo r cl e a r ne ss o f e xp o siti o n t o

.

m e nti o n at o nc e th at natur ally b e l o ngs t o t he subj e ct o ne is

dwe lli ng up o n B e sid e s it ha s the i nv alu abl e a dva nt age o f b e i ng
.
,

much e a si e r and wh e n p e o pl e do no t pre t e nd t o writ e a b o o k

, ,

th e y m ay b e a ll o we d t o t a k e it e a sy .

Ca rdi na l de la R o ch e A ym o n by a pp o i nti ng m e pr o m o t e r o f -

t he a ss e mbly o f gave m e t he o pp o rtu nity o f a ttra cti ng

no tic e a nd fr o m th a t m o m e nt I w as d e sti ne d t o b e c o m e a g e nt
, ,

g e ne ra l o f t he cl e rgy .
3

d puty f th cl rgy t th S t tes G r l A rr st d ft r A ugu t

e o e e o h w
e im a -
e ne a e e a e s 1 0, e as
victi m t h S pt m b r m s cr s
.

pris d t th C rm s
o ne a d f ll
e a e
”
an e a o t e e e e a sa e
A l x dr d L ie d Th em i ( 74
,
1
e an e e ch pl i t th k i g Bish p
auz re s e ne s 1 2 a a n o e n , o

of Bl is o H e e m igr t e d in 1 79 1 r e fus e d to r e sign his se e in 1 80 1 ne v e r

a , ,

a ck no wl e dge d the Con rdat nd di e d in Bruss e ls in 1 829 with o ut h vi ng e ve r

co ,
a a

r e turne d t F r nce o a

H is
.

The du ti e s o f the p r m t r w e r e t o pl e d the d e f nc e

2
f public i nt e re sts
o o e a e o .

fu ncti o ns w re quiv l nt t th o s e o f the public pro s e cut o r in cri m i nal c urts H

e e a e o o . e

h d to e xp o s e faulty e ccl si stics

a nd to se e th at the rights lib rti e s and discipli n
e a , a , e , e

o fthe C hurch w e r e no t i nfri ng e d .

3 T
h e r e w e re two ag nts g n r l o f the cl e rgy Th ir duti e s c o nsist d in re pr
e -
e e a . e e e

s nting th i nt e re sts f the cl e rgy with the go ve rnm e nt in ll th t r e l ate d t the

e e o ,
a a o

Th nv t f
e co lig i
en d ofthi n m
a re d p i d i g th R v l i
o us o r e r o T l t s a e u se as a r so n ur n e e o u t o n. ra ns a o r .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON . 25

Wh e n the s e ssi o n o f the a ss e mbly o f 1 7 7 5 w as o ve r I e nte re d ,

t he S o rb o nne I sp e nt t w o y e a rs th e re e ng ag e d with a nythi ng

.
,

but the o l o gy fo r pl e asure s o ccupy m o st o f t he tim e o f a y o u ng

,

gradu at e A mbiti o n a ls o t a k e s up a p o rti o n o f o ne s tim e a nd

.
’

t he m e m o ry o f C a rdi na l R ich e li e u wh o s e fi ne m aus o l e um w as in ,

t he S o rb o nne church w as no t u nsugg e stiv e in this re sp e ct

, At .

th at tim e I o nly k ne w a mbiti o n in its no bl e a cc e pt ati o n I w as

, ,

a nxi o us t o u nd e rt a k e all th a t in which I th o ught I c o uld succ e e d .

The fi ve y e a rs o f e x asp e r a ti o n sil e nc e a nd r e a di ng which at , ,

S ai nt S ulpic e c o ll e ge s e e m e d so l o ng and dism a l t o m e w e r e no t

-
, ,

a lt o g e th e r l o st The tri a ls o f y o uth a re pr o fit abl e

. it is a go o d
thi ng t o h av e b e e n st e e p e d in t he w at e rs o f the S tyx a nd fo r , ,

m any re a s o ns I a m th a nkful to h ave u nd e rgo ne t he tri als o f

,

th o s e d ays .

O n l e a vi ng t he S o rb o nne I fo u nd mys e lf a t l ast e ntire ly fr e e ,

t o do as I pl e a s e d .

I t o o k up my r e sid e nc e at B e ll e ch ass e in a c o mfo rt abl e littl e ,

1

h o us e My first c a re w as to fo rm a libra ry which b e c a m e va lu

.
,

a bl e e v e ntu a lly by t he c a re with which t he w o rks c o mp o si ng it

we re s e l e cte d the ra rity o fthe e diti o ns a nd its cho ic e and e l e gant

, ,

bi ndi ngs I s o ught t o m ak e the a cqu ai ntanc e o f the m e n m o st

.

r e no w ne d fo r the ir p a st life th e ir w o rks th e ir ambiti o n o r t he , , ,

pro sp e cts he ld o u t t oth e m by the ir birth th e ir fri e nds o r th e ir ,

t a l e nts B e i ng thus pl a c e d by my o w n a cti o n in t he wid e circl e

.

wh e re so m a ny brilli ant and sup e ri o r mi nds w e re shi ni ng in

va ri o us ways I e nj o y e d the pro ud pl e asure o f b e i ng i nd e bt e d t o
,

mys e lf a l o ne fo r my p o siti o n in life I e ve n had a v e ry swe e t .

m o m e nt wh e n h avi ng b e e n app o i nt e d by H is M aj e sty t o t he

,

b e ne fi c e o f t he a bb e y o fS a i nt D e nis at R h e ims the first i nc o m e ,

I d e riv e d fr o m it e na bl e d m e t o p ay t o t he pri ncip a l o f H a rc o urt

C o ll e ge a c o nsid e ra bl e p o rti o n o f t he fe e s still du e fo r my
e duc a ti o n a nd t o r e c o mp e n s e M L a ngl o is f
,
o r t he c a r e he had .

t a k e n o f m e in my y o uth .

re v e nu e nd e xp e nditure o fth C hurch nd the m i nt e n nc e fher privil ge s Th e y

a e , a a a o e .

w e re l ct d fo r fi e ye rs by th e
e e e m bli o fth e cl e rgy
v a asse es

The H o t e l B ll ch as s w as situ t d in th F b o rg S t G rm i n R
.

1
e e e de a e e au u . e a , ue

V e rn uil n r th R e de B ll e ch ass e
e ea e Th B ll ch ss i ncl sur e h s giv n its n m
u e e e e a e o a e a e

c o nv nt f the C no n ss s f th H ly S pulchre wh o s e pro p e rty it w s ;

.
,

t o th e e o a e e o e o e a

it w s situ t e d ne r t he R S t D m i niqu e
,

a a a T ml l ue ) . o . ra a or .
26 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

S a i nt S ulpic e
-
a nd s e p a rat e d m e fro m
t he S o rb o nne ha d
M de C h o is e ul Go u ffi e r O f all t he yo u ng m e n with wh o m I
.
-
.

had b e e n b r o ught up he w as t he first wh o m I s o ught t o m e e t

,

aga i n S i n c e I ha d miss e d him he h ad m a rri e d a nd had o ne o r

.
, ,

t wo childr e n b e sid e s he had m a d e a d ange ro us and i nt e re sti ng

,

j o urne y which had bro ught him i nt o no tic e in s o ci e ty b e gu n his ,

re put ati o n and d e t e rmi ne d his ch o ic e o f a c a re e r

,
.

I sh all so o ft e n h av e t o sp e a k o f M .de C h o is e ul in the c o urs e ,

o f th e s e m e m o irs th a t I must i n dulg e in t he p l e a sur e o f a cqu a i nt

ing my r e ad e rs with him N ature has e nd o we d M de C h o is e ul

. .

with im agi na ti o n and t a l e nt he is cultiva t e d he c o nve rs e s a nd

sp e aks we ll ; his d e live ry is flu e nt and u na ffe ct e d I f in his .

y o uth he had l e ss a dmir e d t he fi ne s e nt e nc e s o f M de Bu ffo n .

1
,

he might h av e a chi e v e d a c e rt a i n r e put a ti o n a s a writ e r P e o pl e .

say he g e sticul a t e s t o o much ; it is a ls o my o pi ni o n ; it h e lps

him wh e n sp e a ki ng ; a nd lik e all sp e ak e rs who m a k e m a ny ,

ge sture s he fe e ls a mus e d with wh at he s ays a nd r e p e ats him

,

s e lf a littl e H is o ld age will b e irks o m e t o th o s e w ho m ay

.

h ave t o nurs e him fo r t he o ld age o f p e rs o ns w ho o nly p o ss e ss

,

m e di o cre t a l e nt is ge ne ra lly o ve r— pu nctili o us and pre s e rve s ,

m e re ly t he o utwa rd fo rms o f urb anity Wit a l o ne c an m ak e .

o ld a g e a mi a bl e b e c a us e it give s a n a ir o f no v e lty t o e x
,

p e rie nc e and i nv e sts it a lm o st with t he ch arm o f a disc o v e ry

, .

M de C h o is e ul is natura lly no bl e mi nd e d ki nd full o f

.
-

, ,

c o nfid e nc e a nd si nc e rity H e is a ffe ct io nat e e a sily t o ge t o n .

,

with a nd fo rge tful Th at is why he is a ve ry go o d fath e r and

.

a n e xc e ll e n t husb a nd a lth o ugh he s e ld o m visits his wife o r his

,

childre n H e has fri e nds is fo nd o f th e m wish e s the m h appy

.
, ,

a nd w o uld fa i n do th e m a g o o d tur n but he g e ts o n v e ry w e ll ,

wi t h o ut se e i ng th e m H e d e vo t e d but a sm all p a rt o f his life

.

t o public a ffa irs ; h e fo u nd o ccup a ti o ns which t o o k up all his

tim e The e xquisit e t a st e and e ruditi o n which he displ ay e d
.

in A rt r ank him a m o ng t he m o st us e ful a nd disti nguish e d

o f a m a t e urs .

M de Ch o is e ul is t he m an I h ave m o st l o ve d A lth o ugh in

. .
,

s o ci e ty the nam e s o f M de C h o is e ul M de N a rb o nne and

,
.
, .
2
,

1
The C o m e eo es Lot G rg uis Le cl rc de
e
'

B ufi o n, the fam ous F re nch natur list anda

writ r e . Tra n sla to r ) .

2
The C o m e L o t
de N a uis rb o nne -
L am , b o rn in 1 7 5 5 at C o l o rno ( D uchy o fP rm a) a
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 27

A bb é de P erigo rd we re o fte n a ss o ci a t e d o u r i ntim acy with M 1

, .

de N a rb o nne ha d l e ss t he ch a r act e r o f fri e ndship M de N a r . .

b o nne p o ss e ss e s a ki nd o f mi nd which a ims o nly at e ffe ct which ,

i s e ith e r brilli ant o r i nsig nific ant which e xh austs its e lf in a no t e ,

o r in a s a lly H e is u nifo rmly p o lit e ; his mirth o ft e n ru ns

.

fo ul o f go o d t ast e and his ch a ra ct e r d o e s no t i nspire t he ,

c o nfid e nc e re quired by i ntim t e re l ati o ns H is c o mp any is a .

e nt e rt a i n i ng but o ne s e ld o m fe e ls a t e a s e with him

,
A s o rt o f . .

gra c e th at b e tt e r th an a ny o ne e ls e he k no ws ho w t o giv e to his

, ,

c o mp a ni o nship has ga i ne d him much succ e ss chi e fly a m o ng , ,

witty a nd s o m e wh at vulg a r m e n H e is l e ss to t he t ast e o f .

m e n w ho a ppr e ci at e wh a t in o u r y o uth w as t e rm e d g o o d , ,

bre e di ng I f any o ne sp o k e o f the me n w ho had supp e d o n

.

a c e rt a i n day a t t h e h o us e o f t he M a r ch a l e de Lux e m ’

b o urg and he had b e e n th e re t he na m e s o f twe nty p e rs o ns

,
2
,

w o uld h ave b e e n m e nti o ne d b e fo re his o w n at J uli e s he wo uld ’

h av e b e e n na m e d fi rst .

My ro o m whe re w e gath e re d e ve ry m o r ni ng a nd wh e re my
, ,

fri e nds sh a re d my fruga l m e ls pre s e nt e d a si ngul a r m e dl e y a , :

the D u e de L auzu n P a nc hau d B a rth es A bbé D e lill e Mira

3 4 5 6
, , , ,

ofa v e ry nci ent f m ily fr m S p i n H vi ng c o m e t F r nc in 1 760 he s e rve d in

a a o a . a o a e ,

the rtill rya ft r which he nt e r d the F r ig n Offic H w s brig di e r g n r l in

e a e e e o e e e a a -
e e a
A writ f ccus ti n
.
,

1 79 1 M i nist r f W r fr m D e c e m b r 1 7 9 1 t o M rch 1 79 2
e o a o e a o a a o
b i ng issu d g i nst him ft r A ugust 1 0 h m n g d t o sc p e
, , , , .

e e a a nd r e sid d br
a d e ,
e a a e e a ,
a e a oa .

I n 1 80 5 h w i nst t e d in his gr d e nd pp i nt d G v rn r o f R b nd ft r
e as re - a a a a o e o e o

w rds f Tri st e ; m i nist r t B v ri id e de —

, , aa ,
a a e
a o e c m p t the e m p e r o r m b ss ad r t
e o a a a, a -
a o ,
a a o a
V i nn e a H di d s n ft r t To rg u M de N arb nne m rri e d M d m i
e e oo a e a a . . o a a e o
s e ll d M o nth l n b y wh m he h d tw o d ught rs
e e o o , o a a e .

I t w s u n de r this n m e th t M de T ll yr n d w s k n w n n his y o uth

1
a a a . a e a a o 1 .

M d l i ne A ngeliq e d N ufvill V ill r i gr nd d ught r f the M rsh l D

2
a e e u e e e e o , a a e o a a ue
d V ill r i b r n m 1 70 7 m rri d t first t the D e de B
e e o ,
o fii r w h di d m 1 74 7
,
a e a o u ou e s, o e .

I n 1 7 5 0 h m rri d the M rsh l D e d L ux e m b o urg

s e a nd di d in 1 7 8 7
e a a u e a e
3 A r m n d d G nt
, , .

t C o m t e de Bir n th e n D e d L uzu n b r n m 1 74 7
a e o au nt r e d o u e a o e e
rm y f ught m C rsic th n m A m ric ; d puty f th n bility f Q u rcy t
, , , ,

th e a o o a, e e a e o e o o e o
t he S t t s G e n ral h e j i ne d th
,

a e p rty f the D e d O rlé ns G n r l n C hi f f

e , o e a o u
’
a . e e a 1 -
e o
th e rm y f th e R hi ne in 1 79 2 th n o f the rm y f V e nd e he w
a o ccus e d f , e a o e, as a o
tr s n rr st d nd guill ti n d in 1 7 93
ea o , a e e , a o e .

‘1
P nch d w a G n v b nk e r e st b lish d n P ris H h s publish d o n th
au as a e e a a a e l a . e a e e
fi n nc s o f his ti m n i nt re sti ng w rk ntitl d C n r t n n t/ P re n t S t te
a e e a e o e e ,
o sz a e
’
a zo s o ze se a
o
f tl5 Cr dit f E ngl nd n d f F ran
ze e o
( P ris 1 78 1 a a o ce a

J s ph B rth s ( 1 7 3 4
.
, .

o e P hysici n nd phil s ph e r o f gre t r put ati n

a e a a o o a e o

Abb é D li ll b rn at A igu s P e rs ( A uve rgne ) ( 1 7 3 8

.

6
e e, o ne o f t he e e o
-

m st o gre e bl e p o e t s o f the e ight e e nth c e ntury H e w s a m e m b e r o f th

a a a e
A cad e m y
.

R éfl e xions su r 1 e ta t a c tu e l du C re dit de l A ng le te rre

’ '
et de la F ra nc e .
( P aris,
28 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

b e au Cha m fo rt L au ragu a is Dup o nt de N e m o urs R u lh1e re

,
1
,
2
,
3 4
,
5
,

C h o is e ul G o u fii e r L o uis de N arb o nne m e t th e r e h abitu lly a nd

-
,
a

a lw ays with pl e a sur e W e t o uch e d up o n e v e ry subj e ct and .

with t he gre at e st lib e rty I t w as t he spirit a nd fa shi o n o f t he .

t im e Th e s e c o nve rs ati o ns w e re b o th pl e a s ant a nd i nstructive

.
,

a nd b e sid e s th e y h e ld o u t s o m e m o re o r l e ss re m o t e pro sp e ct o f
,

gra tifyi ng o u r a mbiti o n I t was a d e lightful way o f sp e ndi ng .

o u r m o r ni ngs and I sh o uld e nj o y d o i ng so still .

The ne ws o f t he day p o litic a l c o mm e rci a l a dmi nistr ativ e , , , ,

a nd fi na nci a l qu e sti o n s a ll in succ e ssi o n furnish e d t o pics o f

c o nve rs ati o n O ne o f t he m att e rs with which t he mi nd o f t he
.

public w as m o st e ngro ss e d at th at tim e w as t he co mm e rci a l ,

tre aty j ust c o nclud e d b e twe e n Fr anc e a nd E ngl and The .

6

d e t ails o f that gre a t tr ans a cti o n we re o f sp e ci al i nt e re st t o

e duc a t e d m e n such as P anc hau d Dup o nt de N e m o urs a nd ,

o th e rs A s fo r us ig no r an t o ne s L a uzu n B a rth es C h o is e ul a nd
.
, , ,

mys e lf th o ugh anxi o us t o l e a r n w e c o nfi ne d o urs e lve s to ge ne r

, ,

1 H o no ré G abri e l
-
R ique tti de M a ir b e au gr nd rat o r o f the C nstitu e n t
th e a o o

A
,

sse m b ly ( 1 749 so n o f the M a u rq is de M irab e u the w e ll k no w n e c o no m ist

a ,
-

and agriculturist
S ebasti e n Ch m fort ( 1 74 1
.

2
b o rn ne ar C l e rm o nt Fe rrand H e wro t e
a -
.

s e ve ral trage di e s nd p m s which b t i n d fo r him the f vo ur o f th public H e

a oe ,
o a e a e .

w s acqu in t d with t he l e di ng p e rs o n g e s o f t he R v luti n

a a e nd c ll b o r t d in a a e o o a o a a e

t he w o rks f S i ey e s and M ir b e u A writ o f ccus ti on h aving b e e n issu e d ag inst

,

o a a . a a a

him in 1 7 94 h e kill e d hi m s e lf as th e y c m e to rre st h im

,
a a .

3 Lé
o n de L r gu is D c de Br nc as ( 1 7 3 3 au a H e s e clud e d hi m s e lf ll his
a ,
u a a

life f r the study o f l e tt rs and sci e ntific w o rks H e was pp o int e d a m e m b e r o f the
o e . a

C h m b e r o f P e e rs in 1 8 1 4
a .

P i e rre D up o nt de N e m o urs ( 1 73 9
4
o ne o f th e m o st fe rv e nt d e pts o f the a

physi o cr tic sch o l H e was a C o u ncill o r fS t t e and C o m m iss ry G e ne r l o f C m

*
a o o a a -
a o

d puty to the S t at e s G e ne r l I m pris ne d duri ng the R e ig n

.

m rc e un d r C al o nne
e e e -
a . o

o f Te rr r h w as s v d by the p d t t f the 9 th Th r m id o r M m b e r o f th e ’ ’
o ,
e a e cou e a o e . e

H e live d in re tire m e nt u nd e r the E m pire e m igr t e d in 1 8 1 5

'

C n o l l Cin g nt
sez e es -
ce s. a

nd di d in A m e ric a
, ,

a e .

C l ud e R lhie re b rn t B o ndy ne r P ris in 1 7 3 5 w as aid de c m

5
to
a u o
p a a a e a
-

S t P e t rsburg s pr i v t
, , , ,

M arsh al de R ich e li e u L at e r M de Bre t uil t o k him t .

, . e o o . e a a e

s cre t ary H e wit ne ss e d t he R e v luti o n o f 1 7 6 2 nd und e rt k t writ an

cc u nt o f it This w o rk—L R ev l t i n c—
e o ,
a oo o e

h d such succ ss th at its '

’
a o . R es o u o s de u ssa a a e

a uth o r w c o m m nd d to writ e a hist ry o f P l nd i nt e nd e d fo r the i nstructi o n o f

as a e o o a

M e m b e r o f the A c d e m y in 1 7 87 h e di e d thr e ye ars l t e r

,

t he D uphi n a a e a

The Tr aty o f S pt m b e r 2 6 1 7 86 sig ne d u nd e r t he m i nistry f V e rg nne s in

. .
,
6 o
e e e , , e ,

a cc o rd nc e with Articl e 1 8th o fth Tre ty fV rs ill e s f 1 76 3 I t r ise d num e ro us

a e a o e a o . a

criticis m s V rgenne s was accus d o f h vi ng s crifice d o r m nufacture s

e e a a u a .

Th C n l t (C il f h F iv H d d) h m db f b i g m
’
Cm g
e o se z a es -
ce n s o unc o t e e un re t u s na e e ca u se o 1 1s e n co
f h y I h d l gi l i
.

p d ffi
o se h d d m mb
o wve i i d by h
un re i i e III e rs , as nst t u t e t e co nst t u t o n o t e e ar t a e s a t ve

g i iz yfi y
.

p wo I
e rs m mb w l df m m
ts e fm e rs h w e re e e c t e f g Th ro a on c t e ns o o re t an t e nt -
ve e a rs o a e e

m E gl d
. .

i f h C Cm o im il t f h H f C mm
’
f u nc t o ns o l t w
t e h
o nse z a es -
ce n s e re s ar o t at o t e o u se o o o ns n an or
fD p i F ,

o f h p t e Ch m b re se n t wi h h diff
a h
er o h pp h mb e C l
u t e s in ra nc e , t t e e re nc e t at t e u er c a e r or o n se z
d es A (C il fE ld
n c z e ns )h d h p w o u ncp j o h y pl d h d ii e rs f h a t e o e r to acc e t o r re e c t , as t e ease t e e c s o ns o t e
il f h F iv H nd d nd w
,

C o u nc o t the mnip t nt e u re , a as us o o e .
30 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

M e thu e n w as ye t t o o re c e nt to m a k e it prud e nt t o c o mpro mis e

1

its a dvant age s by s e tti ng up a riva lry b e twe e n t he pr o ducti o n s

o f Fr a nc e a nd P o rtug a l Th e s e a rgum e nts which w e re no t d e vo id
.
,

o f fo rc e e i t h e r no l o ng e r e xist e d
,
o r ha d l o st th e ir w e ight , .

E ngl a nd w as in a st at e o f c o mm e rci a l pro sp e rity which w s a

re nd e re d i nc a lcul bl e by t he i nv e nti o n o f it s m a chi ne s a nd t h

a e

imm e nsity o f its c pit a l fa shi o n t o o k up o n its e lf t o d e stro y t he

a

o bj e cti o n s r e sul t i ng fr o m t he i n cr a s e o f luxury T he i n flu e nc e . e

o f t h e mi n istry a nd t he i n t e r e sts o f m an ufa ctur e rs m e t o th e r

o bj e cti o n s V ict o ri o usly a nd t he tr e a ty w as r e c e iv e d in E ngl a n d

,

with a lm o st u nive rs a l a ppr o b a ti o n .

Public o pi ni o n in Fra nc e t o o k a n e ntire ly diffe re nt vi e w 0 1

t he tr e aty The i n t e r e sts o f he r m a ritim e p o pul a ti o n w e r e in this
.
,

c a s e in dire ct o pp o siti o n with th o s e o f t he i nh abit a nt s o f he r

,

m a nufacturi ng districts The tr e aty w as th e re fo re re c e ive d a t

‘

fi rst with s o m e a st o nishm e nt I ts fi rst r e sults w e re no t favo ur .

a bl e t o us The E nglish b e i ng b e tt e r pr e p a r e d th a n w e w e r e
.
, ,

de riv e d l a rg e pr o fits fr o m it The city o f B o rd e a ux t he

*
.
,

pro vi nc e s o f Gu ye nne A u nis and P o it o u fo u nd i nd e e d a fe w , ,

mo re o utl e ts fo r th e ir wi ne s th e ir br andi e s a nd t he o th e r pr o ducts ,

o f th e ir s o il but it w as a rgu e d th at in t he ge ne ra l e va lu ati o n , ,

t h e s e l o c a l a dv a nt ag e s c o uld no t c o mp e ns a t e f o r t h e inc o n e n i v

e n c e s o f t he c o nsumpti o n o f twe nty fi e milli o n i nh abit a nts -

v ,

a nxi o us t o purch a s e g o o ds sup e ri o r in qu a lity a nd which E ngl a n d ,

c o uld pro vid e a t a figure much l o we r th a n th at o f the Fr e nch

m a rk e t .

N o rm andy so skilful in t he d e fe nce o f he r o w n i nt e r e sts s o

, ,

imp o rt ant by he r w e a lth a nd p o pul ati o n w as the fi rst t o e xpre ss ,

he r disc o nt e nt S he publish e d a l o ng m a n ife st o ga i nst t he

. a

tre aty The c aus e he pl e ad e d s o o n fo u nd supp o rte rs thro ugh

. s

o u t t he l a nd a ll t he o ld pr e judic e s a ll t h e fo rm e r m o tiv e s o f ,

h at e a nd a nim o si t y re a pp e a re d The v o ic e o f t he c o nsum e rs

-
.

w as s t ifl e d and the g o v e r nm e nt s o o n i ncurr e d g e ne r a l bl a m e fo r

,

h avi ng sig ne d t he tre aty .

1
The T re ty o f M thu e n b e tw n E ngl nd nd P o rtug l o call e d ft e r the n m e
a e ee a a a ,
s -
a a

o f the E n glish m b ass d r L rd M thu n who ne g ti t d it w sign d in 1 70 3

a a o , o e e ,
o a e ,
as e .

It w tre ty o f lli nc nd f c m m e rc by whic h E ngl nd r s rv d t h rs lf th

as a a a a e a o o e, a e e e o e e e

m n p ly
o o f i m p o rt ti o n i nt o P rtug l
o o The l tt r su b m itt e d to this c o m m e rci l
a o a . a e a

v ass al ag e up to the b e gi nni ng o f the ni ne t e e nth c e ntury .

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 31

A nd ye t t he spirit th at i nspire d th at gre at tra ns acti o n was

dict at e d by t he b e st pri ncipl e s M de Ve rge nne s a nd M de . .
1
.

C l o nne w ho w e r e i nstrum e n t a l in its ad o pti o n will e a ch s o m e

a ,
2
,

day d e rive s o m e cr e dit fr o m it The o bj e ct o f t he tr e a ty w a s t o .

put a n e nd t o t he smuggli ng th at w as g o i ng o n b e twe e n t he

t w o c o u ntri e s a nd t o fur nish t he public tr e a sury with a r e ve nu e
,

fo u nd e d o n duti e s m o d e ra t e e no ugh t o l e ave no m argi n fo r

fraud This a dva nt age w as e vid e nt and re cipro c a l fo r t he
.

two c o u ntri e s I f it i ncre as e d fo r Fr a nce t he fa cility o f

.

gratifyi ng t he t aste a nd fancy he r we a lthy p e o pl e sh o we d fo r

E nglish go o ds it e nabl e d E ngl a nd t o e nj o y m o re luxuri e s fo r
, ,

which she p id Fra nc e by a re ducti o n o f duty o n t he wi ne s o f

a ,

C h a mp ag ne a nd B o rd e a ux a r e ducti o n which must i ncr e as e th e ir ,

c o nsumpti o n in E ngl and .

The r e sult o f this r e ducti o n o f duti e s b o t h o n t he ne c e s

sa rie s o f life a n d o n luxuri e s must h av e b e e n f o r c o n sum e rs , , ,

t o b a l a nc e m o re e quit bly t he t a x e s l e vi e d o n th e m a nd t o a ,

f cilit at e th e ir p aym e nt as fo r the public tre asury t he re sult o f

a ,

t he tr e aty w o uld h a v e b e e n t o i ncr e a s e t he r e v e nu e in pr o p o rti o n

a s t he c o n sumpti o n w as a ugm e nt e d .

I t m ay a ls o b e m e nti o ne d th a t t he spirit o f t he tr e a ty p ro
v ided th a t a ll cl a ss e s o f i ndustri e s sh o uld b e divid e d b e tw e e n t he

t wo nati o ns e a ch b e i ng a w a rd e d t he cl a ss o f i ndust ry fo r whic h

*
,

1
C h rl e s Gr vi r
a rg s t
s c d
C o m e de V e e nne , w a s the e o n so n o f a P resz cle n t a
a e ,
’ '

'

ij
M ortzer o f t he p a rlem ent o f D o n B r ij t r d dipl ti
o n at D o n in 1 7 1 7 , h e e n e e th e. oma c

s rv c
e i e I n 1 7 5 0 he w as a
. pp i t d i ist r
o n e s t th t c p city
m n e , and e n in a a a l ct
to the E e o r
r v s A ut th t ti
o fT e e bo a i iti t d i t
m e he w as n a e s cr ts
n o t he e e ki g wh
o fthe n , of o m he

st d v t d g ts A b ss d r
.

c
b e am e o ne o f t he m o e o e a en st ti pl
m a a o at C o n an no e ( 1 7 5 4 ) . re
c ll d by h is ul
a e C o e liv d r tir
in 1 7 6 8, he e t u til
in e e m e n n f ll th t i ist r wh
th e a o f a m n e , en
s t ss d r
h e w as ( 1 7 7 1 ) e n as am b a a o to Sw d e en uis
Lo X VI app i t do n e i ist
him M n e r
r ig A irs
. .

o f Fo e n ffa si d r ty
H e gne the T e a rs ill s
of V e a e r ti s
and the T e a e of
C o mm e e rc with gl E n and and R ussi a b c
He r sid t
e am e P e en cil
o f the Co u n . of
i c s
F nan e di d
a nd e in 1 7 8 7
h rl s A l x dr disti guish d A rt si f ily
.

2
C a e e an l
e de C a o nne w as the so n o f a n e e an am

b r J u ry
h e w as o n an a u i wh r his f th r
2 0 , 1 7 4 3 , at D o a , e e a first pr sid t
e w as e en of

pa rlem ent . tt r y g r l
H e w as a o ne e ne a u i i t d t
t o th e pa rlem en t o f D o a ,
-
n e n an of

Me tz ill wh r his r put ti

of L e, e e e ski ful d i istr t r
a o n as a l a m n a o his i g
le d t o be n
p i t c ptr ll r g r l by uis
ap o n ed om o e e ne a Lo X VIA ft r
-
e ti g
t he m e e n A ss ly
o f t he e mb .

t l s which
o f t h e N o ab e , sugg st d
h e h ad dis iss d fr his p st
e e , h e w as m e om o xil d
and e e
rr i
t o L o a ne h c
T e n e he w t gl d r tur d
e n to E n an , e ne r c
to F an e in 1 7 89 in the
h po e of e s curi g his l cti
n e e St t s G r l
o n t o th e a e e ne a h w v r f il d w t c
H e o e e a e , e n ba k -
.

gl d wh r
t o E n an , pl y d
e e he a e ctiv p rt
an a e a gst
am o n the ér di d
n zgres, and e in 1 80 2
' ’
.

T hi w h fi i l p p ll i hi fj dg d Cn m o f h p l m
’

f s as t f h
e o c a f h G
a e at o n o t te c e -
u e o t e ra n a re o t e ar e e n s,

k g iz fv b l p p l g i
.

th a t 15 y h b
to sa l pp i , dt e tn u na a o nt e h d
to ta f he co n a nc e o er a a ea s a a nst t e e c 1 5 1 o ns o t e

(mi j dg ) o ll g i f i Th y w m d f m h
' '

no r d h
u es , az za e s, a n Ot er n e r o r c o u rt s e e re so na e ro t e

m b li g
.

sh pa ft h i
e o p m wh e r ca s, so m e a t re se n a ort ar
32 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

na ture s e e m e d t o h ave fi tt e d it b e st a nd fro m which it was ,

lik e ly t o d e riv e m o st advant age s .

This l att e r pro visi o n might in t he co urs e o f a fe w ye ars h ave , ,

bro ught ab o ut t he triumph o f t he pri ncipl e o f fre e tra d e but -

,

prej udice s d e cid e d o th e rwis e Th e y h ave t o o d e e ply ro o t e d a .

h o ld up o n m e n fo r it t o b e prud e nt t o e nd e avo ur t o d e stro y ,

th e m t o o sudd e nly I r e fus e d fo r a l o ng tim e t o a ck no wl e dge .

this sad truth but s e e i ng th at t he phil o s o ph e rs o fthe e ight e e nth

,

c e ntury with a ll the go o d a nd b ad argum e nts th e y e mpl o y e d did

, ,

fa il in th at u nd e rt a ki ng I sh a ll h e nc e fo rth fo ll o w t he e x a mpl e o f ,

t he phil o s o ph e rs o f t he ni ne t e e nth c e ntury w ho are i nd e e d o f a ,

ve ry diffe re nt st a mp fro m th a t o f th e ir pre d e c e ss o rs a nd all o w ,

it t o tr o ubl e m e no l o ng e r
'

A public c a r e e r b e i ng o p e n t o m e I r a th e r cl e v e rly t o o k a dva n , , ,

t age o ft he p o siti o n o f a ge nt ge ne r a l o ft he cl e rgy which had b e e n -

pro mis e d m e t o e xt e nd my re l ati o ns E a rly in life I m ad e t he

, .
,

a cqu a i nt anc e o f M de M a ur e p a s M Turgo t M de M al e sh e rb e s 1 2 3

.
, .
,
.
,

1
J e an t e de M aure p as nd o f P o ntch rtr i n was b o rn in 1 709
P he lyp e aux, C o m a a a

H is f the r his grandf th r his gre t gr ndf th r nd gre t gre t gr ndf th r h d

.
, ,

a , a e a -
a a e , a a -
a -
a a e a

b n lik e hi m s e lf S e cr t ri e s o f S t t e so th t fro m 1 6 1 0 t 1 7 49 the P he lyp ux

,

ee e a a a o ea

f m ily w s r e pre s e nt e d in the c u ncils o fth ki ng A s e rly as 1 7 1 5 M ur p s o b

, , ,

a a o e a a e a

t ine d th e r e v e rsi o n o f th e p o st o f S e cr e t ary f S t t e which his f th e r h d r e sig ne d

.
,

a o a , a a .

The M rquis de la V rilliere was s e l e ct e d t disch rg e t h duti e s o f th at o ffic e in the

a o a e

pl c e o fhis re l ti o n wh s o o n b e c am his s n in l w I n 1 7 25 M ur p s t o o k the

a a o e o - -
a a e a

dir cti n f his d e p rt m e nt in h nd nd w a pp o i nt d S e cre t ary o f P ris and o f

.
, ,

e o o a a , a s a e a

M ari ne H e f ll i nt o disgr c e in 1 749 w e e xil e d to B o urg e s nd aft e rw rds t o a as a a

his e st t e o f P o ntch rtr i n n r V e rs ill e s H is f th r in l w h d r e pl ce d him H e

.
, ,

a a a ea a a e - -
a a a

t o k o ffi ce g i n u nd e r L o uis X V I who app o i nt d him M inist e r o f S t t e and P r e si

. .
,

o a a .
, e a

de nt o f t h C o u ncil f F i n n c e s
e U p t o his d e th ( 1 78 1 ) he h d in r e lity all
o a a a a

t he p o w e r o f pri m e m i nist r a e .

J cqu e s Turg t B r n de l A ulne b e l o ng d to an o ld f m ily which c m e

2
a o , a o
’
, e a a

o rigi n lly fr m Britt ny

a nd had s e ttl d in N r m ndy
o H w s b o rn in 1 7 2 7
a , a He e o a . e a .

w s c o u nse ll o r o f p rl m nt th e n in 1 7 6 2 i nt e n d n t o f L i m o g s wh e r e his e n
a a e e a e

light e n d nd b ne vo l e n t ad m i nistr ti o n m d e his nam e f m us S e cre t ry o f S t t e

, , , ,

e a e a a a o . a a

f r the D e p rt m e nt o f M ari ne
o a c m ptr ll e r g ne r l in th s m e y e r dis m i ss d o o -
e a e a a ,
e

fr o m o ffi ce m 1 776 he di e d fi e y rs l t r C l o s e ly ass o ci t d with the e co n m is t

, v ea a e . a e o

p rty he l ft s e v r l w o rks o n p litic al c no m y and n d m i nistr t i n

a , e e a o e o o a a o .

*
3
C hré ti n Guill u m e de L m igno n de M l e sh e rb e s o f n illu stri u s f m ily o f
e a a o a , a o a

N iv e r nais which duri ng tw o ce nt, s o ccupi e d th e high e st p sts in t he m gistr cy u r1 e o a a .

H e w s b rn in 1 7 2 1 w s c o u ns ll o r o f p rl m nt
a o chi e f pre sid nt o f the
, a e a e e e

C r ou A e
’
a es dis m iss e d nd e xil d in 1 7 7 1 R e i nst t e d in his ffi c e by
‘

zo
’
s a e -
a o

S cre t ry f S t t e t the
, .

L uis X V I in 1 774 h e r e sig n d in th e fo ll o wi ng y ar

o e e e a o a o

K i ng s H o useh o ld ( 1 7 75 M i nist e r f S t t e ( 1 78 7
, , .

H e liv d abr o d
'
o a e a

u ntil 1 79 2 wh n he re tur ne d to F r nc e to o ffe r his s e rvic s to the k i ng wh s e d f nc e

,
e a e ,
o e e

Th C l h g d w i h j dg i g d d idi g t f pp l
’ ’
A e w t ib
o u rs a es za e s fi l e re r u na s c ar e t u n an ec n as a na c o u r o a ea
a ll ivilc d im i l an i g
cr G b ll i
na d T ll Th
c ase s c o nc e rn nfP i d d f m 355 t a xe s, a e es an az es at o ar s a te ro 1

ly ig h i g h y l di i g h
T hi t ib
l vyi g f
e
s lw
n —T l t
r h
o
th
u na
t ax e s
h d h as t
.
fi e on
p
ra ns a o r
o ne
.
at a t e r t o nt e r re t n t e ro a or nanc e s co nc e rn n t e

1 S a lt ta x .
I Villa in -
tax.
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
33

M . de C astri e s , 1
M . de C a l o nne , a fe w Co u ncill o rs of S t at e ,
a nd s e ve ra l h e ads o f a dmi nis t rati o n A b o ut t he s am e tim e I .
,

w as i ntr o duc e d t o t he D u e de C h o is e ul M a d a m e de Bri o nne 2

,
3
,

M a d a m e de M o nt e sso n M ad m e de Bo u ffl e rs M ad a m e de la 4
,
a ,
5

R yniere ; o n c e rt a i n d ays t he b e st s o ci e ty in P a ris m e t a t t he

e
6
,

h o us e s o f th e s e p e o pl e .

My c o ld m a nne rs a nd app a re nt r e s e rve had i nduc e d s o m e ,

p e rs o ns t o say I w as witty M ad a m e de Gr a m o nt w ho did no t

7
.
,

lik e the re put ti o ns which she had no t m ad e h e rs e lf w as o f s e rvic e

a ,

t o m e by s e e ki ng t o e mb a rr a ss m e a t t he tim e I fi rst w e nt i nt o ,

s o ci e ty I w as suppi ng fo r the fi rst tim e at A ut e uil at M a d a m e de

.

B o u ffl e rs and w a s s e a t e d a t o ne e nd o ft he t abl e h a rdly sp e a ki ng

’

, ,

t o my ne ighb o ur M ad a m e de Gra m o nt in a l o ud h arsh vo ic e .

, , ,

he pl e d d b fo r the C o nve nti o n A rre st e d in D e c e m b e r 1 79 2 he m o u nt d the

a e e e .
, ,
e

sc ff ld with his d ught e r nd his o n in law ( M d C h t ub ri nd the bro th r o f

a o a a s - -
. e a ea a , e

t h illustri o us writ e r )
e .

C h rl s de l C ro ix M rquis de C ast ri s b l o ng e d t
1
a e a n ld f m ily o f L angu e , a e , e o a o a

d c o B rn in 1 72 7 h b c m li ut n nt g n r l G v rno r f M o ntp lli e r nd o f

o e e a e e e a -
e e a o e o e a

G o v rn r f F l nd e rs and f H i n ut S cr t ary o f S t t e t the D e p rt

.
, ,

C e tt 17e e o o a o a a ,
e e a o a

m nt f M ri ne
e o M rsh l o f F r n c e
a H e m igr t d duri ng th R l a a a e a e e e vo u

ti o n co m m nd d divisi n o f the ar m y f C ndé nd di d in 1 80 1

a e a o o o a e

E t i e nne F r nc is D e d C h is e ul S t ai nvill e ( 1 7 1 9
.
, ,

am b ass ado r th e n
2
a o u e o -

M i nist r S cr e t ary f S t t e ( 1 75 8
, ,

e -
e o a
3
L uis e d R h n C n n ss
o f R m ir e m o nt d ught e r
e o f P ri nc
a C h rl e s de
, a o e o e , a o e a

R o h n M o nt u b n li e ut e n n t g ne r l
a -
a S h e b e c m e t he wife o fC h arl e s de L o rr i n
a , a -
e a . a a e,

C m t e d Bri o nn Gr nd E qu rry o f F r nc e
o e e, a -
e a

C h rl tt B er ud d l H i e de R i u M rquis e d M o nt ss o n b o r n in 1 7 3 7
.

4
a o e a e a a o ,
a e e , .

S he m rri d in 1 7 5 4 th M rquis de M nt ss o n li e ut n nt g n r l
a e Wid o w e d in
e a o e e a -
e e a

A ft r th d th o f the D e
, , , .

1 7 6 9 sh e m rri d s cr tly th
’
Da d O rlé ns e e e e ue a e e ea u
A rr st e d und r the T rro r h w s s ave d by th
,

she liv e d in r tir m nt e e e . e e e ,

s e a e

9 th T h e r m id o r S he w v e ry i nti m t with M d m d B e uh rn is ft e rw rds as a e a a e e a a a a a

E m pr e ss J s e phi n
.
,

S he di e d in F e b ru ry 1 80 6
o e M d am de M nt ss o n h ad
. a , . a e o e

writt n m uch nd h s l ft nu m e ro us c o m e di e s and no v e ls

e a a e

de C m p r S uj o n was l dy in
, .

5
Th C m t e ss M ri d B u f
e o fl e rs R uvr l n e a e e o -
o e ,
‘
ee a a -
a , a

w iting t th D uch ss e d Orlé n S he b e c m e wid w in 1 7 64 I m pris ne d u nd r

a o e e
’
a s . a a o . o e
t he T rr o r b t m r fo rtu n t th n he r d ught e r in l w the D uch e ss e de L auzun she
e , u o e a e a a - -
a , ,

e sc p e d th
a sc ffo l d nd di d in 1 800
e a a e
6 S uz nn
de J r nte d ught r f A l x ndr d J e nte M rquis d O rge l
.
,
’
a e a e a e o e a e e ar a va

m rri e d o n F b ru ry 1 1 76 3 A l e x ndr e Gri m d de l R ynier w h o fr m b i ng

, , ,

a e a , ,
a o a e e, o e a

sim pl p o rk b utch r h d ris e n to the p st o f F rm r

e -
e H e m de
a n o e
'

ze a a co

sid ble f rtu n

e ra nd built th e sup rb h o t l w h ich n w st nds
o e, a t th c r n r f t he e e o a a e o e o

R e B issy d A nglas and o f th A v nu e G b i l This h t l which s rve d

’
u o -
th e e e a re . o e , e as

r sid nc o f th R ussi n nd ft rw rds fth Turkish m b ssi s b e l o ngs t d y t o

e e e e a , a a e a o e , e a e , o- a

I t is k n w n th t L R yniere h d cquire d t he
'
’
th e C r l d l Un i n A rt i t g
e c e e o s z ue . o a a e a a

r put ti o n f n picure o f th first rd e r The di nn rs giv e n by him nd his wife

e a o a e e o . e a

h av r m i n d f m us
e e a e a o
7 B e trix de C h is e ul S t i nvill e
.

a d ught r f th D c de C h is ul c no ne ss o f
o -
a a e o e u o e a

R e m ir e m o nt I n 1 7 5 9 sh m rri d A nt o i n
, ,

. D e de Gr m nt G v rn r f N av rre
, e a e e, u a o , o e o o a .

S he m u nt d the sc fo fo l d in 1 794 with he r fri e nd the D uch ss du C h at e l t

e a , e e e .

i d ld M hy f f i g th f m i g f h
'

F m l Th d h
’ ’

G er ze r m e n e ra . e c u st o e x st e un er t e o o narc o c o n e rr n e ar n o t e
t a xe s on fi na nc ie rs w ho p aid a fi xe d su m fo r it .

V OL . I .
34 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

a sk e d c a lli ng m e by my na m e wh at had so much struck m e

m e, ,

o n e n t e ri ng t he dr a wi ng r o o m whith e r I fo ll o w e d he r t o sa
'

y
-
, ,

A h ! ah ! Y o ur gra c e I r e pli e d did no t e x actly he a r wh at

”
,
”
,
“

I s a id ; my wo rds w e re no t A h l ah l but Th a t ’
Oh ! ‘

wre tch e d re ply c a us e d g e ne ra l hil a rity I c o nti nu e d t o sup a nd ,

did no t say a no th e r wo rd O n l e avi ng t he t abl e a fe w p e rs o n s

.
,

c a m e up t o m e a nd I re c e ive d fo r t he fo ll o wi ng d ays s e ve ra l
,

i nvi t ati o ns which e nabl e d m e t o m ak e t he acqu ai nt ance o f t he

p e rs o ns wh o m I w as m o st anxi o us t o m e e t .

I had no o cc asi o n t o do so at t he h o us e o f my p ar e nts ; for

th e y saw but fe w p e o pl e a nd e sp e ci ally fe w o f th o s e w ho sh o ne
,

o n t he sc e ne wh e r e mi n ist e ri a l a pp o i n tm e nts w e r e disput e d I .

pre fe rre d t o go to my m o th e r at t he h o urs wh e n she w as a l o ne

I c o uld th e n b e tt e r e nj o y t he gr a c e s o f he r mi nd N o o ne e v e r .

s e e m e d t o m e t o p o ss e ss such f sci nati ng c o nv e rs a ti o n S he a .

h d no pre t e nsi o n
a S he sp o k e o nly by sh a d e s she ne v e r m a d e
.

a pun th at wo uld h ave b e e n t o o p o i nt e d pu ns a re re m e mb e re d

she m e r e ly wish e d wh a t she s a id t o pl e a s e — t o pl e a s e he r
h e a re rs fo r the tim e b e i ng a nd b e fo rg o tt e n A rich ne ss o f e a sy .

e xpr e ssi o ns n e w a nd a lw a ys d e lic at e suppli e d t he v a ri o us ne e ds

, ,

o f he r mi n d Fro m he r I h ave i nh e rit e d a gre at ave rsi o n fo r

.

p e rs o ns w ho in o rd e r t o sp e a k with m o re a ccura cy u se o nly

, ,

t e ch nica l t e rms I h ave fa ith ne ith e r in t he wit no r in t he

.

k no wl e dg e o f tho s e who do no t k no w e quiv a l e nt t e rms and a re

a lways d e scribi ng : th e y a re i nd e bt e d o nly t o th e ir m e m o ry
fo r wh at th e y k no w th e ir k no wl e dge c a n th e r e fo re b e o nly
,

sup e rfici al I a m s o rry th at such a th o ught sh o uld h ave

.

o ccurr e d t o m e whilst M v o n H umb o ldt is in P a ris but it is 1

.
, ,

wri t t e n .

I sp e nt my tim e in a v e ry pl e a s ant m a nne r a nd did no t w ast e

it t o o much ; t he circl e o f my a cqu ai nt a nc e s w as wid e ni ng .

The r e l a ti o ns which it w as t he n c o nsid e r e d g o o d styl e t o h ave with

t he wits o f t he day c a m e t o m e thr o ugh a g o o d l a dy na m e d
,

1
br th e r s W illi am nd A l x and e r o n H u m bo ldt b th m d e th ir n m e s
Th e tw o o a e v o a e a
—the o m e
, ,

f m o us
a f r r in l te r t e nd p o litic th l tt r in sci e nc e Th auth r h e re
1 a ur a s, e a e e o

r f rs to A l e x nd e r B o r n in 1 7 69 he tr v e ll e d a l o ng ti m in A m ric nd in A si a
.

e e a .
, a e e a a ,

a nd publish d n e cc ou nt fhis tr ve ls h is ls th e uth o r o f nu m r us sci ntific

a a o a e a o a e o e

w rks and tr tis e s n t bly th C m

o ea , Th anks t
o a him physic l g e gr phy and
e os os. o , a o a

b o t ny m ad e re m ark bl e pro gre ss H e di e d in 1 85 9

a a . .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI OI V .
35

M d am e d H éric o u rt wh o s e husb a nd had h e ld t he p o st o f

a
’

,
1

na v l c o mmiss a ry a t M a rs e ill e s
a S he l o v e d wit y o u ng p e o pl e .
, ,

a nd g o o d ch e e r Ev e ry w e e k w e ha d di nne r a t he r h o us e a nd
.
,

a m o st e nj o y abl e o ne it w as The gu e sts we r e M de C h o is e ul . .

,

M de N a rb o nne A bbé D e lill e de C ha m fo rt de R u lhiere de

.
, , , ,

M arm o nt e l w ho t o o k tur ns wi t h A bbé A r na ud A bbé B e r

,
2
,
3

tra nd and mys e l f The ga i e ty th at re ig ne d th e re k e pt t he

,
4
.

pr e t e nti o us in ch e ck a nd I mus t st at e th at in th at c o mp any , ,

wh e re so much gai e t y a nd pre sump t i o n w as bro ught t o g e th e r ,

j e e ri ng o r sl a nd e ri ng w e re ne ve r i ndulge d in in the sp ac e o f fi ve ,

y e a rs .

C o u nt v o n C re u t Mi nist e r o f S we d e n w ho th o ught t o z ,
5
,

pl e a s e his m ast e r by pre t e ndi ng t o b e c o nsid e re d a wit in Franc e ,

t o o k gre a t p a i ns t o h av e o nc e a we e k at his t abl e t he s a m e ,

p e rs o ns w ho c o mp o s e d t he di nne r p a rty o f M ad am e d H érico u rt -

’
.

W e we nt th e re thre e o r fo ur tim e s but M arm o nte l re a d so ,

m any trage di e s th at he dro ve a way a ll the gu e sts A s fo r m e .

I h e ld firm u ntil h e c a m e t o N nm z to r
'

R e a di ngs a ft e r di nne r w e r e th e n t he r e ig ni ng fashi o n ;

th e y imp art e d sp e ci a l imp o rtanc e and we re re put e d t o ,

give a s e l e ct t o ne t o s o m e h o us e s O ne s e ld o m di ne d , .

at t he h o us e s o f M de V a dre uil M de Li an . u ,
6
.

1
uis D uché d ught e r o f chi e f dv c t ge ne r l in th C r
Lo e ,
a A f a a o a e -
a e ou
’
a es
'

z aes o
’

M ntp lli r
o S h m rri d in 1 74 1 Bé nig ne d Tr sse t d H éric rt a f rm e r
e e . e a e , ,
u ou
’
ou , o

n v l c o m m iss ry
a a a

J e n F r nc is M rm nte l b rn at B o rt ( L i m usi n) in 1 72 3 O n the dvice o f

.

2
a -
a o a o , o o . a

V o lt air his m ste r nd fri e nd h e wro t e f r th st g b t f il e d c m pl e t e ly H e

e, a a , o e a e, u a o .

fo u nd his v e i n o nly in m o r l t l s which h d pr digi ous succ ss nd pro cur d him a a e a a o e a e

t h c ngr tul ti ns o f n rly ll th s v e r ig ns o f E ur p e H e w as pp o i nt e d H ist o ri o

, ,

e o a a o ea a e o e o a

n d e n t e r e d th e A c d m y
.

gr ph e r o f F r nc
a a H di d in 1 799
e, a a e e e

A bbé F nc i A rn ud b rn in 1 7 2 1 t A bigno n ( V uclus e) H e was ne

. .

3 ra o s a , o ,
a u a . o
o f th w rm e st supp o rt e rs o f th e phil s o phi c l i m puls e o f t he e ight e nth c ntury
e a o a e e ,

a nd cquire d a c rt i n c l e b rity by his w o rks H e w s a m m b r o f the F re nch

a e a e a e e
A c d m y H e di d in 1 7 84
.

a e e
Abb é B rtr nd b rn in 1 75 5 t A utun H e studi e d astr nom y and w s
. .

4
e a ,
o ,
a . o ,
a

a pp o i nt d P r fe ss o r o f P hysics t D ij n H e w
e o dm itt e d t th c d m y o f this a o . as a o e a a e

city H e u nde rt o k with d E nt e te x v o y ge r o u nd th w rld but h di e d o n

o
’
r c as au a a e o e

th w y t t h e C p o f G o d H p
.
,

e a a H l ft v ri us sci e ntific tr tis s

a e o o e e e a o ea e

C u nt Gust vus o n C e ut w s b r n in S w d n in 1 7 3 6 M i nist e r fr m S w e d n

.

5
o a v r z a o e e o e

H is l n
.

to M drid in 1 75 3
a nd th n t o P ris wh r h r m i n d tw nty y e rs
, a e a , e e e e a e e a . sa o

b c me n
e a f th e circl s f s ci ty m st s ught b y phil s ph rs nd lit r ry m n
o e o e o o e o o o o e a e a e

I n 1 7 8 3 Ki ng Gust vus I I I r c ll e d him t S t ckh l m pp o i nt d him S e n t r

.

nd
a e a o o o a a e a o

nd M i n ist r o f F o r ig n A f
.
, ,

a f irs
e H di d t w y e rs ft re a e e o a a e

J s ph de R ig ud C o m t d V udr uil b l o ng d t
. .

6
o e a v e ry ld f m ily o f
, e e a e ,
e e o a o a

L ngu d c he w s b r n in 1 7 40
a e o H liv d f r l ng whil e t V e rs ill s fr qu e nt
a o . e e o a o a a e ,
e

ing th l n o f M d m de P l ign c nd th s ci ty o f t he qu e e n
e sa o a a eH e w s inti m t e o a a e o e . a a

with the C m t d A rt is wh o m he cc m p ni e d in 1 7 82 t th si e g o f Gi b r lt ar
o e
’
o , a o a o e e a .

D 2
36 TH E Ill E Il/ OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c o urt M ad a m e de V a i ne s M
,
1 2
, .
’
d A nz e ly, with o ut b e i ng o blige d
t o h e a r e ith e r L e M a ri g e a F iga ro, t he p o e m k no w n a s L e
’
a e s

f o r s o m e t a l e s by C h a m
’
3
o ra ins,
’
L e Co nne ta ole E 4
o
’

or ae o n r on,

fo rt ,wh at w as th e n c a ll e d L a R e olu t ion a R a s ie

or It v
’
e s .
5

w a s a n o blig ati o n r a th e r strictly e n fo rc e d o n a ll t he p e rs o n s

i nvit e d ; but th e n t he fa ct o f b e i ng a gu e st a t a ny o f th e s e ,

h o us e s r a nk e d o ne a m o ng t he disti nguish e d m e n o f t he d y
,
a .

I might say th at m a ny p e 0 p 1e wh o mI did no t k no w sp o k e o f

m e in g o o d t e rms simply b e c a us e th e y had m e t m e at s o m e ,

o f th e s e di nne r p arti e s t o which t he right o f m aki ng p e o pl e s ’

-

re put ati o n had b e e n gra nt e d I n this re sp e ct I w as lik e t he m an .

,

sp o k e n o f by t he C h e va li e r de C h a st e llux H e is a zcotle s a
6 “ ’
o s

ve ry w itty m a n re m a rk e d t he C h e va li e r t o s o m e o ne
,
”
I d not o

k now nine, ou t fi e g oes to M a da m e

I had a ls o no tic e d th at wh e n o ne w as xi o us no t t o b e cl ass e d an

a m on g t he Iz oit ne s o f o p e n h o us e s a n d thus t o r a n k with t he

’
a

cro wd s o m e a dvant age c o uld b e d e riv e d by a ffe cti ng e strange

,

m e nt fro m and e ve n ave rsi o n fo r s o m e pro mi ne nt m e mb e r o f

, ,

s o ci e ty My ch o ic e fe ll o n M N e ck e r I p e rsist e ntly r e fus e d t o

. . .

g o t o his h o us e I s a id r ath e r b o ldly th at he w a s ne ith e r a g o o d

.
, ,

He k e pt o p e n h us t his r e sid e nc e o f G e nn e villi e rs and o ft n re c iv e d M de T ll y

o e a , e e . a e

r nd th e re H m igr t d with th e C o m t e d A rt i t o k up his r sid nc in L o nd o n

a . e e a e
’
o s, o e e e

in 1 7 9 9 r e tur ne d t o P ris t t h e R e st o r ti o n w as cr e t d p e r fF r nc e in 1 8 1 4 and

a a a a e e o a

di e d in 1 8 1 7 H is c rr sp nd e nce with the C o m t d A rt is w publish d in P ris

, , ,
’
, o e o e o as e a ,

1 8 89 ( 2 v o ls 8 o L P in g d) . v . . au .

F r nco is de l R ch e f uc uld D e d L i nc o urt b rn in 1 74 7 w as brig di e r

1
a a o o a , u e a , o ,
a

o fdr ag o ns Gr nd M ast e r o fth e W rdr b e

o a d e puty o f the n bility f C l e r a o o o

m o nt t th S ta t e s G n r l li e ut e n n t ge n r l
o e -
H e m igr t d aft e r A ugust 1 0
e e a a -
e a e a e

A t th R sto r ti n he w cre t d p e e r
,

h e liv d in r e tir e m nt un d e r th E m pir

e e e e . e e a o as a e a ,

but his lib r l pi ni o ns pre clud e d him fr m o b t i ning public fun cti o ns H e die d in
e a o o a

H is fune ral g v ris e t o tum ultuo us incid nts

.

1 82 7 . a e e .

This w as pr b bly th e wif o f M J de V ine s R c e iv e r G e ne r l C o m m iss ary

2
o a e . . a , e -
a ,

o fthe T r sury ea H e was ft n s e n at the h o us e o f M rsh l de B e uv au o e e a a a ,

and t th t o f M d m e G e f
a a frin a a o

p e m o f A bbé D e lill e o n the g rd e ns o f the D ue

.

3
The M rri g e o f F ig r o a a a ,
a o a

t M o nc u
’
d O lé nr a s a ea

li ut e n nt g e ne ral H is
.

Tr ag e dy f t he C o m t e J cqu e s d Gui b rt ( 1 74 3
4
o a e e e a -
.

n m e will r m in k no w n n t by his tr g e di e s but by an E s y n T t i

a e a , o f whicho a , s a o ac cs,

N ap l e o n s aid
o th t it w as fitt e d to m k e gr t m e n
“
a a ea
”

— w o rk by R uh liére
.

Th R e v o luti o ns o f R ussi
5 “ ”
e a a

T ll e yr an d d o u b tl e ss m ns h r e F r nco is J n M rquis de C h ast llux b o rn in

.

6
a ea e a -
ea ,
a e ,

P aris in 1 7 3 4 h t k s e rvic in G e r m ny fro m 1 7 5 6 t o 1 7 6 3

e oo nd in 1 7 80 w e nt t e a a o

A m erica as m j o r g e ne r l nd th e re f rm e d n i nti m cy with W shingto n H w as

, , ,

a
-
a ,
a o a a a . e

a fri nd f V o lt ire nd f the e ncycl o p dist s H e wr t e v ri us w rks nd w as

e o a a o ae o a o o a

H is ss y e ntitl e d D l F li t
.

l ct e d m e m b e r o f the A
e e a mi F nc i
’
ca ae
’

e ra a se . e a e a e
’

cz e
' ’

w as pr is d by V o lt aire H is th auth r o f no th r e ss y e ntitl e d

a e e e o a e a

nd f an cc u nt o f tr av e ls in N o rth A m e ric
.

E l g d H lo ét ( 1 780
’ ’

o e e zus a o a o a

H e di e d in 1 788 Tr n l tor ) . a s a .
 38 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

C uri o sity ,
much m o re th an a d e cid e d t ast e fo r music t o o k m e ,

a ls o t o a ll t he l e a r ne d a nd w e a ris o m e c o n c e rts th a t w e r e giv e n

the n s o m e tim e s at the h o us e o f t he C o mt e de R o che ch o u a rt

, ,

s o m e tim e s at M de A lbare t s s o m e tim e s at M ad am e L e bru n s

.
’

,
’
.
1

I w as c a r e ful no t t o h ave a n o pi n i o n o n Fr e nch music o r I t ali a n ,

music o r o n th a t o f Gluck I w a s t o o y o u ng t o re a s o n a s t o
,
.

t he pr o p o rti o na t e v a lu e o f wh a t fa shi o n fo rc e d m e t o r e g a rd
a s a pl e a sur e I f h o w e v e r I ha d b e e n o blig e d t o p a ss a n
.
, ,

o pi ni o n I w o uld h av e fe lt i ncli ne d t o say th a t music b e i ng in

, ,

ge ne ra l o nly a l a ngu ag e which e xpre ss e s in a n id e a l m anne r t he

, , ,

s e ns ati o ns a nd e ve n t he s e ntim e nts th a t w e e xp e ri e nce e ach ,

c o u ntry must h ave a styl e o f music p e culi a r t o its e lf a nd which ,

t he t ast e o f its i nh a bit ants i nduc e s th e m t o pr e fe r t o a ll o th e rs .

But my ig no ra nc e s ave d m e a nd I ne ve r had o n this imp o rt ant , ,

subj e ct a ny qu arre l with any o ne

,
.

The p o siti o n I had t a k e n in s o ci e ty g av e a s o rt o f p re e mi n -

e nc e t o my ag e ncy I p e rfo rm e d its duti e s a lm o st a l o ne b e c a us e , ,

a f e w m o nths a ft e r o u r t a ki ng o f fi c e a ra th e r t o o public a dv e n ,

tur e ha d d e prive d A bb é de Bo isge lin my c o ll e agu e o f t he ,

2
,

c o nfi d e nc e o f t he cl e rgy The natura l i nd o l e nc e o f M de B o is . .

ge li n and his p assi o n fo r M a d a m e de C avana c ( fam o us u nd e r the

na m e o f M ad e m o is e ll e de R o m a n s a nd a ls o b e c a us e she w a s ,

t he m o t h e r o f A bbé de B o urb o n ) had e asily i nduc e d him t o

3

c o u nt e nanc e my d o i ng his w o rk as w e ll as my o w n .

I had surr o u nd e d mys e lf with p e rs o n s o f l e a r ne d and s o u nd

vi e ws M de M au nay a ft e rw ards Bish o p o fTr eve s M B o urli e r
.
,
4
.
,
5

1
M ari e L o uis e Vig ée L e bru n
- -
, b o rn in 1 7 5 5 , w as o ne of th e m o st c l brat e d e e

p ai nte rs f the e ight e e nth ce ntury S he l e ft France in 1 789

o .
, and w as re ce ive d wi th
disti ncti n t m o st fo r ign co urts S he di e d in 1 842 S he has
o a e . . l e ft v e ry i nt e re sti ng
M e m o irs
A b bé de B isge lin was a co usin o f the c rdi n l archbisho p H e p e rish e d in
.

2
o a a -

1 7 9 2 in the c o urs e o f t he m ass acr s o f S e pt e m b e r

.

, e .

3 M
d e m o is ll de R om ans h d by L uis X V
a e e so n who w s christ e ne d u nd e r
a , o .
, a a

t he nam e o f B o urb o n a f v ur no t a cc rd e d t o any o th e r n tur al o n o f the ki ng

, a o o a s .

S he h o w e v e r f il e d t o bt i n his l e giti m iz ti o n
a o H e was k n wn aft e rw ards u nd r
a a o e

th e n m e o f A bbé de B o urb o n
.

a nd di e d in the r ig n o f L uis X V I M de m o is e ll e
, a e o . a

d R o m ans m arri e d l t e r M de C v anac ( se e the M em ir f M d m e Ca mp n

e a . a o s o a a a ,

vo l.
4
C h arl e s M aunay, b o rn at C h am p e ix ( P uy de d
- -
e ) in 1 74 5 Bish p o f Trev e s
o
in 1 802
J
.

6
B aptist e C o m t e B o urli e r b rn at D ijo n in 1 7 3 1 H e t o o k o rd e rs and
e an -
, ,
o .
,

th e th f ll gi nc t the civil co nstituti n f the cl rgy Bish p o f E vr ux

oa o a e a e o o o e . o e
in 1 80 2 d e puty t o th e C p l Zgi l t if s e nat o r in 1 8 1 2 p e e r o f F ranc e u nd e r t h
, or s e s a , , e
R e st o r ti o n h di e d in 1 8 2 1
a , e .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI OzV .
39

a ft e rwa rds Bisho p o f Evre ux ; M Duvo isi n w ho b e c am e .

,
1

Bish o p o f N ant e s a nd M D e s R e na ud e s w ho w as no t s o ci a lly ,

.
2
,

t he e qu a l o f t he fo rm e r I a m h a ppy t o a ck no wl dg e h e re . e

a ll t he m a rks o f fri e n dship displ ay e d t o w a rds m e by M M .

M au nay B o urli e r a nd Duvo isi n wh o m I h ve a lways b e e n

, , ,
a

p le as e d t o m e e t at all p e ri o ds o f my life M D e s R e naud e s . .

l e ft m e to e nt e r t he h o us e o f S e cre t a ry o f S t a t e M a re t his ,
3

styl e o f t a l e nt fi ndi ng p e rm ane nt e mpl o ym e nt in his ne w

duti e s might h ave le d him pro mptly to fo rtu ne he w as a m an :

w ho e xc e ll e d in m a ki ng u se o f o th e r p e o pl e s id e a s
’
.

I w as a nxi o us no t t o k e e p fo r e v e r my p o st o f a g e nt g e ne ra l -

o f t he cl e rgy but t o o k a ll n e c e ss a ry pr e c a uti o n s no t t o le t a ny

,

o ne susp e c t my a mbiti o n t hus in o rd e r t o a ttr a ct no tic e I w as , ,

busily e ngag e d o n w o rks which w itho t b e lo ng ing e x a ctly t o my , ,

u i

pro vi nc e we re no t a lt o ge th e r fo re ig n t o the duti e s I disch arge d

,
.

The ab o liti o n o f t he l o t t e ri e s w a s o ne o f my fav o urit id e a s ; e

I h a d i nv e stig a t e d all t he ch a n c e s a nd a ll t he c o ns e qu e nc e s o f
th a t b ane ful i nstituti o n A t t he s a m e tim e I no tic e d th a t the .
,

cl e rgy b e i ng att a ck e d and sc o ffe d at by phil o s o phe rs w e re d a ily

, ,

1
J
B ptist B r n D uv isi n b rn t L ngre s in 1 744 was a pr f ss o r in the
e an- a e, a o o o a a , o e

S o rb nne pr m o t e r o f th Ofi c alit o f P ris chi e f vic r f L n I n 1 79 2 he

,
’ ’
o , a o e z e a ,
-
a o -
ao .
,

w as e xil d f r fusi ng t subm it t th e civil c o nstituti o n f th e cl rgy

e or e o I n 1 80 2 h o o e .
, e

w pp i nte d Bish p f N nt e s nd t k a p rt in the di ff r nc e s th t ro s e b tw e n

as a o o o a a oo a e e a a e e

the m p r r nd th H o ly S e e
,

e e o H e di d in 1 8 1 3
a e . e .

M rti l B o rg de R e naud e s b o rn t Tull in 1 7 5 5 w s chi e f vicar to M de

2
a a e s a e a -

T ll e yr nd at A utu n wh m h
.
, ,

a a ssis te d in th c p city f u nd e r d c n at the M ss

, o e a e a a o -
ea o a

o f th F e d e r ti o n
e H e w s th c nfid e nti l m n o f T ll e yr nd w ho it is s id
a . a e o a a a a , , a ,

ntrust d him wit h th t sk f writi ng his sp e ch s r p rt n pub lic ’

e e T ll yr nd e a o e e . a e a s e o o

i nstructi n is n tire ly D e s R e n ud s w o rk U nd e r the C nsul t D e R n ud e s

o e a e
’
o a e, s e a

H is n m w struck o t f the list of the Trib n t in 1 802

.

w s n m e d T ri bu n
L t r o n h e w s pp o i nt e d C n u r — p st which h
a a e . a e as u o u a e .

a e a a pr e s e rv e d u nd e r the e se a o e

R e st r ti no a H di d in 1 82 5
o e e
3 H ugu s M r e t b rn
. .

t D ij n in 1 7 6 3
e dv c at e to the p rl m nt o f Burgundy
a o a o a o a e e

S e nt to N pl s in 1 79 2 h w s s iz e d by th A ustri ns nd o nly t t lib rty in

.
, ,

a e e a e e a a se a e
M i nist e r S cr e t ry f S t t
, ,

1 79 5 b e i ng e xch ng d fo r the D uch ss d A ngo lém e

’
a e e e u -
e a o a e

in 1 80 4 h e w s M i nist e r o f F o r ign A ff irs in 1 8 1 1

.
,

,
a nd cr t d D e d B ss n ; e a ,
a ea e u e a a o

M i nist r f W e oH w xil d in 1 8 1 5 p r fF r nc in 1 83 1 h w f r
ar e as e e ee o a e , e as o

a whil Pr sid nt f th C u ncil ( N v m b r

e e e H di e d in 1 8 3 9
o e o o e e ,
e .

f P i w l f bi h p hb i h p All t d m
’

T h Ofii i lit e h ib c a e d o ar s as t e tr u na o s o s an a rc s o s . s u e nt s ca e

un d h j i di i
er t e f hi w hi h j dg d
ur s ct on i l y w ll ( i h
o t m g
s c o u rt , c u e c e rt a n a c ase s as e t t e s, a rr1a e c ase s,

h y d im y) Th fli l ly p
e re s , an s on d i lp
. li f e o q im g
cza
'

p l
on ro no u nc e c a no n c a e na t e s o r c ase s re u r c o r o ra

p i hm
un s h h
e nt lp i h l
e se n t t Th p m t f lfi ll d h f
e cu r t to t f p b li e se c u a r c o u rt s e ro o eu r u e t e u nc t l o ns o u c

M P F v yi i g v l m P Pl
.

h fi lité
’

a cc u se r . i h p b li h d
. . o u rn e r as u s e a er nt e re st n o u e on t e o cz a . a n s. o n.
°
O ne 8 vol .

f T he ha d b e e n a b o lishe d in 1 7 9 1 fo r t h e p re ss a s w e ll a s fo r b o o k s R e e sta bh sh e d, as a
c e nso rship .
-

m a t t e r o ffac t , u nde r t he D
ire c t o r , it w a s le a ll o r a ni e d u nde r t he C o nsu la te y A c e nso rshl p w a s g y g z .

im p o se d b y t he E m p ire o v e r e a c h da il p a p e r y
The R e sto ra t io n in p ro c la l m ing t he li be rt o f t h e y
p re ss re e st ab lishe d t he c e nso rship
-
A
m o n the p a p e rs o fw hic h D e s R e na u de s w a s c e nso r, L A m i d e
. g
.

la R e li io n e t d ie R o i m u s t b e m e ntio ne d I n 1 80 8, D e s R e nau de s w as a p po int e d c o u nc illo r o f t h e

g .

U nive rs1 t y for l1 fe Tra nsla to r ) . .

40 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

l o si ng public re ga rd My bj e ct w as th a t th e y sh o uld re ga i n t he . o

e s t e e m o f t he p e o pl e a n d f o r this purp o s e I w a s a n xi o us t o h o ld , ,

th e m up t o t he e y e s o f t he nati o n as t he pr o te ct o rs o f strict ,

m o rali t y By i nduci ng t he cl rgy t o submit t o s o m e p cu ni a ry

. e e

s acrific e s in supp o r t o f th at pri ncipl e I sh o uld h ave s e rve d no t , ,

o nly public m o r a ls but a ls o t he v e ry o rd e r I h a d c o n s e nt e d t o ,

j oin .

I w as a nxi o us th a t t he cl e rgy sh o uld pr o p o s e t o buy fr o m t he

g o ve r nm e nt t he ro y a l l o tt e ry in o rd e r t o suppr e ss it ; th at is t o ,

say th a t th e y sh o uld e ng a g e t o fur nish r e gul a rly e v e ry y e a r

, ,

a gr atuit o us pr e s e n t r e pr e s e nti n g as much r e v e nu e a s t he l o t t e ry

pro duc e d fo r t he ro y a l tre asury The m e m o ri a l t o b e addr e ss e d .

t o t he ki ng t o a sk him t o pr o scrib e this b ane ful i nstituti o n might ,

h ave b e e n sup e rb ; I sh o uld h ave be e n m o st h appy t o h ave

dra ft e d it .
1

The m e mb e rs o f t he cl e rgy up o n wh o m I m o st d e p e n d e d t o ,

s e c o nd my m o ti o n d e cli ne d t o do so I t m ay b e o bs e rv e d th at , .

my first p o litic a l c a mp a ig n w as no t v e ry fo rtu nat e a r e sult ,

which I d a re t o a ttribut e t o t he fa ct th a t my pro p o s a ls w e re

fa r t o o r adic a l fo r t he m e n with wh o m I purp o s e d t o m a k e u se
o f th e m .

Th e a m e li o r a ti o n o f t he c o n diti o n o f t he cl e rgy as d e t e rmi ne d ,

by t he e dict o f 1 7 6 8 a pp e a re d t o m e fa r fro m su ffi c ie nt I t w as , .
2

n e c e ss a ry t o i n duc e t he cl e rgy t o pr o p o s e a n i n cr e a s e o f s a l a ry

but in o rd e r t o re sp e ct t he i nt e re sts o ft he chi e f tith e o w ne rs as fa r -

1
l ng ti m e l tt e ri e s in Fr nc e c n stitut e d r ve nu e f the S t t The
For a o , o a o a e or a e .

go ve r t c o ll ct e d th e f s p id by t h p e rs ns lic ns e d to o rg niz l o tt ri e s nd
nm e n e ee a e o e a e e a

The O rd r in C o u ncil fJ u ne 3 0 1 7 76 cr t d
,

o rg n iz d s o m e
a fli c i l ne s b e sid e s
e o a o . e o , , ea e

t h r y l l tt e ry o f F r n c e
e o a o This w suppr e ss e d in the y e r I I e st b lish d in
a . as a .
, r -
e a e

th e y e r V I nd no t d e fi nit e ly b o lish d u ntil 1 83 6 in

a .
, a x e cuti o n o f the L w f a e , e a o
F i n n c s f 1 83 2
a e o .

Th l o w e r cl e rgy h d lw ys b e e n c m pl i ni ng o fh vi ng h rdly nyth ing to liv e

2
e a a a o a a a a

up o n whil e n the c ntr ry the b ish ps nd t h c m m nd t o ry b b ts w e r e nj yi ng

, , o o a o a e o e a a o e o

c nsid rab l e i nc m e s A t di ff r e nt ti m s th g ve rnm nt h d i nt e rve ne d to b tt r

,

o e o . e e e o e a e e

th ir c nditi n A n e dcit f 1 7 68 i ns r d m i ni m u m s l ry o f 5 00 livr e s t cur t e

e o o . o u e a a a o a a ,

a nd o f 200 t o a vic r I n 1 7 78 th fo r m e r r e c e iv e d 7 00 li r s
a . n d the l tt r 2 5 0
,
e v e ,
a a e ,

i n cre as d aft rw ards t 3 5 0 livre s

e e This w o t h s ttl e d ll w nc e in c ntr ast as e e a o a , o

with which it is as w ll to cit e th m u nt o f i nc m d rive d b y c rt i n chi f tith e

e e a o o e e e a e

o w n rs w hoe fte n r e t i n d fo th e m s e lv e s h l f s m ti m e s e ve n thr qu rt rs fth e

o a e r a o e ee- a e o

t o t l m u n t o f th tith s The A b b é o f C l i rv ux r c iv d thus

, , ,

a a o e e . livr e s a a e e e a

ye r ; the C rdi n l de R o h an
a a at h B ne dicti n s f C lu ny th e e e e o

B ne dicti ne s o f S i nt M aur
, ,

e in nu m b e r
a -
and th e s e w e r e n t
, ,
o

e xc pti ns
e o .

A F h i i b f th R v l i d m nti g t b t p
re nc co n n u se e ore T el t e) o u t o n, an a ou n o a ou t e n e nce . ra ns a o r .
42 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

re quire d no l e ss an e ve nt th a n the R e vo luti o n t o e nabl e all th e s e

Bre t o n w o m e n—w ho I sh o uld thi nk w e r e no l o nge r yo u ng ,

t o m a rry ag a i n if th e y ch o s e , .

The c a r e I b e st o we d up o n t he priv a t e a ffa irs o f t he cl e rgy

a nd t he succ e ss o f s o m e o f my r e p o rts t o t he Co ns il d s P a rt ies e e 1

c aus e d my sup e ri o rs t o o ve rl o o k all the littl e re fo rms o f ge ne ra l

utility which I e nd e avo ure d t o ra nk with my duti e s Th e y s a id .

I t is t he r e sult o f his y o uth with a littl e e xp e ri e n c e th a t will

s o o n p ass o ff Emb o ld e ne d by t he b e ne vo l e nt disp o siti o n
.

m a nife st e d t o wa rds m e I lau nc he d mys e lf i nt o a n u nd e rt aki ng

’

which I m anag e d to c o nne ct with t he i nt e re sts o f the cl e rgy ,

a lth o ugh in p o i nt o f fa ct it was quit e fo re ig n t o th e m M , . .

d O rm e sso n a v e ry h o ne st m an but o ne o f t he m o st wr e tch e d

2
’

, ,

c o mptro ll e r ge ne r a ls o f t he l a st c e ntury had u nd e rt ak e n such

-
,

a s e ri e s o f u n fo rtu na t e sp e cul a ti o ns th a t t he g o ve r nm e nt w as l e ft

with o ut e ith e r m o ne y o r cre dit The u ne asi ne ss w as ge ne ra l .

p e o pl e a nxi o us t o withdraw th e ir d e p o sits rush e d in cro wds t o ,

t e B ank o
h f D isc o u t t he dire ct o rs o f which in t he i nt e r e st
n 3
, ,

of a f e w b a nk e rs pr e fe rr e d t o s o licit a uth o riz a ti o n t o susp e nd

,

p aym e nt rath e r th an dimi nish th e ir ra t e o f disc o u nt M . .

d O rm e sso n h avi ng gr ant e d t he a uth o riz ati o n r e qu e st e d by t he

’

dire cto rs b a nk no t e s o bt ai ne d a fo rc e d curre ncy which ne

,
-
,

c e ssa rily c a us e d th e m t o fa ll in v a lu e The cl e rgy p o ss e ss e d a 4

.

1
The Conseil des P a rt ies was cti o n o fthe C uncil o f S t t e o r C o u ncil o f the a se o a

K i ng gr t d i istr tiv b o dy f the ki ngd o m I t d cid d the c n flicts o f

, t he ea a m n a e o . e e o

jurisdicti o n i nte rpr t e d the l ws and o rdi n nce s nd pr o no u nc d n the c s e s which

, e a a , a e o a

t he ki ng tho ught fit to bri ng b e f r his c u ncil I t w as c o m p o s e d f th ch rt

”
o e o . o e a

c e llo r pr sid e nt tw e nty six c o u ns e ll o rs in o rdi n ry

e nd sixt e e n c o u ns e ll o rs pp o i n t e d a a a
- - -
, , ,

e v e ry six m o nths
H e nri L e fe vre d O rm e sson b e l ng e d to an ld and illustri o us f m ily o fm gis
.

2 ’ ’
o o a a

tr t e s H e w s b rn in 1 75 1 was C o u ns ll r o f p rl m nt nd I nt nd nt f
a . a o ,
e o a e e a e a o

F i n nc e s a R is e d t b e C m ptr ll r G e ne r l in 1 783 he f il e d c m pl t ly in this

. a o o o e -
a , a o e e

of fci nd w s r e pl c e d by C l o nne
e, a a H e w as e l ct d M y r f P ris in 1 79 2 but
a a e e a o o a

d e cli n d the p st H e w as ft e rw rds A d m i nistr t r o fthe D e p art m e nt f the S e i n

.
,

e o . a a a o o e,

and di e d in 1 80 7 .

I t w as i nstitut e d by Turg o t with r o y l lic e ns e in 1 7 7 6 ;

3 C i ’
d E mpte
a sse sco .
, a

its o bj e ct was to disc o u nt t f ur p c nt ll b ills f e xch ng nd to bri ng ge ne r l

a o er e a o a e, a a

A s m o f s v nty m illi ns ( bo ut
.

i nt re st in ll trans cti o ns to the s m e r t

e a a a a e. u e e o a

h vi ng b n x ct d fr m its g o ve rno rs by C o m ptro ll e r G ne r l d

a ee e a e o -
e a e

C l o nne s r e s e rv e fu nd se ri o usly sh o k its cr dit

a a I t w s b lish d o n August
, o e . a a o e

2 4 1 7 9 3 by d e cr e e
, ,
f the N ati o nal C o nv nti n Tr n l t r )
o e o . a s a o .

Th e rdi n nc e o f M rch 24 1 776 auth o riz e d the cr ti n o f b ank n m e d the

4
o a a , , ea o a a

C i mj fit which with ut e xclusiv e privil g l n d m ne y t the tr d t

’
a sse d E sco e, ,
o e e, oa e o o a e a

fo ur p r c e nt I n 1 783 the Tre asu ry be i ng in a m o st critic l situ ati n M d O rm s n

e a o .
’
es o

H o lde rs o f
.
, ,

se cr e tly b o rr o w e d six m illi o ns fr o m thi s b ank T he se cre t g o t abr o ad . .

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 43

l a rge numb e r o f the m H avi ng a ll e ge d the ne c e ssity fo r watch .

ing t he pr o c e e di ngs o f t he b a n k I w as e nabl e d t o att e nd t he ,

fi rst m e e ti ngs o f t he sh are h o ld e rs E nlight e ne d m e n th o ught .

with re a s o n th t t he o ld re gul ati o ns did no t o ffe r suffi ci e nt

a

s e curity A c o mmissi o n w as na m e d t o e x a mi ne th e m ; ne w
.

re gul ati o ns we re agre e d to a nd I w s s e l e ct e d t o draw up the ,

a

re p o rt t o be re a d at the ge ne ra l a ss e mbly .

This w as t he first tim e th at I w as strictly sp e a ki ng c o n , ,

ne c t e d with public a ff a irs I pr e fa c e d my r ep o rt by a sp e e ch in .

which I h ad appli e d mys e lf t o se t fo rth all the a dv ant age s o f

public cr e dit ; I l aid stre ss o n its imp o rt a nc e ; I e st ab lishe d t he
fa ct th at all w as p o ssibl e to o ne w ho p o ss e ss e d a l a rge cre dit ;
th a t cre dit a l o ne su ffic e s fo r all t he ne e ds o f c o mm e rce o f l a rge ,

tradi ng e st ablishm e nts o f m a nufa cture s and so o n A fte r , , .

h avi ng se t fo rth all t he a dva nt age s o f cre dit I sp o k e o f t he ,

m e a ns o fo bt a i ni ng and o fpre s e rvi ng it I re m e mb e r th a t in this .

,

p ap e r I w as so pl e a s e d t o m a k e k no w n all t he vari o us u se s o f
,

whic h cre dit is susc e ptibl e th at I m a d e u se o f a h o st o f e xpr e s ,

si o ns which are o nly e mpl o y e d t o d e pict the m o st timid nd a

d e lic ate s e ntim e nts A n o ld b a nk e r nam e d R ill e t a re gul a r

.
, ,

G e ne ve s e w ho liste ne d t o m e with atte nti o n l e a rne d with

, ,

e xtr e m e pl e a sur e which he e xpr e ss e d by t he r o ugh e st ge stur s

, e ,

th a t in p ayi ng e x a ctly his bills o f e xch a nge he did s o m e thi ng

, ,

so v e ry fi ne th a t it c o uld o nly b e e xpre ss e d in t he l a ngu ag e o f

‘

im agi nati o n H e c a m e t o m e and b e gg e d m e as he pre ss e d my

.
,

h ands t o a ll o w him to c o py th a t p a rt o f my sp e e ch H i e n . s

t hu siasm b e c a m e us e ful fo r he r e p e a t e d so b a dly wh at I had j ust

,

s aid th a t I d e e m e d it quite o u t o f pl a c e and l e ft it o u t in the

, ,

pri nte d t e xt .

Fro m t he advant age s o f cre dit and t he m e ans o f o bt ai ni ng ,

it I turne d a t l a st t o the sp e ci a l i nstituti o ns which fa cilit at e

, ,

a cc e l e r a t e a nd simplify a ll its tr a n s a cti o ns whil e h a st e ni ng

, nd a

e nsuri ng its pr o gr e ss .

no et s b c m e u n sy nd i nsist e d n th ir d p sits b i ng r turn d t th m D O

e a ea , a o e e o e e e o e .
’
r
m ss n uth riz d t he b n k t o susp nd f thr
e o a o e m n ths t h p ym nt in c sh fn t s
a e or ee o e a e a o o e
o f m r th n 3 00 livr e s nd g v f rc d curr n cy t o b nk n t s
o e a , a Th e p nic i n cr s d
a e o e e a o e . a ea e
t h p ym nt o f rr
e a e rs w t b susp nd d C l nn suppr ss d th f rc d curr ncy
a ea as o e e e . a o e e e e o e e
t h e b nk e rs dv nc e d t o th b n k th su m s n c ss ary fo r its p y m e nts
a a a e aits cre dit w e e e a as
r e e st blish d
-
a nd it r e g i ne d th gr
e ,
a t st pre stige a e ea e .
44 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

m o st imp o rt ant o f th e s e i nstituti o ns w as a b a nk wh o se

The ,

fi rst o bj e ct must b e t o m a i nt a i n t he lo w pric e o f m o ne y and t o ,

furnish it in abu nd anc e fo r ll t he ne e ds o f circul ati o n The a .

crisis which t he B a nk o f Disco u nt had j ust p ass e d thro ugh

re quire d th a t gre at ch ange s sh o uld b e i ntro duc e d i nt o its go v e r n
m e nt ; t he ch ange s I pro p o s e d w e re a ll a d o pt e d The o nly .

a rticl e th a t m e t with a ny o pp o siti o n w as th a t in which I sugge st e d

th at t he a ss e mbly sho uld no t b e c o mp o s e d o f so m any b a nk e rs ,

b e c aus e th e ir p e rs o na l i nt e re st w as o pp o s e d t o th at o f t he
e st a blishm e n t which th e y w e r e c a ll e d t o m a nag e ; ne v e rth e l e ss

a s t he gr e at e r n umb e r o f sh a r e s w e r e in t he h a n ds o f t he b a n k e rs

o fP a ris it w as fo r e s e e n th a t t he a rticl e w o uld b e e a sily e v a d e d

, ,

a nd it w a s a d o pt e d .

I a m rath e r pro lix : but wh e n sp e a ki ng o f o u r r e c o ll e cti o ns

w e sp e a k o f s o m e thi ng d e a r t o us b e sid e s wh e n I b e gan th e s e ,

m e m o irs I fully m a d e up my mi nd rightly o r wro ngly t o discl o s e

, , ,

frankly my o pi ni o n o n all th at which e ith e r a s a n ac t o f a dmi n ,

ist rat io n o r as a s e ttl e d pr oj e ct e ng ag e d my att e nti o n o r th a t , ,

o f t he public f o r a ny l e n gth o f tim e, .

The diffe r e nt subj e cts with which I had b e e n o ccupi e d had

a ttr a ct e d t o m e t he a tt e nti o n o f m e n w ho by pr o fe ssi o n w e r e , , ,

a cqu a i n t e d with a ll ne w a mbiti o n s F o u lo n P a nc hau d S a i nt e l

.
, ,

Fo y F avi e r D aud e s o ught my a cqu ai nt a nc e and sp o k e o f

2
,
3
,

m e as d e sti ne d s o m e day t o dire ct t he a ffa irs o f t he S t a t e It .

w as i n d e e d s o m e wh at d a ng e r o us t o b e t o o cl o s e ly c o nne ct e d
with th e s e m e n th o ugh als o a dva nt age o us t o b e o n go o d
t e rms with th e m Y e t t o re ach his go l with dig nity it w as .
,
a ,

ne c e ss a ry fo r a ny o ne th a t t he suffr a g e s o f p o lit e s o ci e ty sh o uld

’

J s ph F r c is F ul b r t S u m ur i 7 5 H w C m m issi r f
1
o e an o o o n, o n a a n 1 1 e as o o ne o
H vi g b
.

W u d r th m i istry f M d B ll I sl
ar n e e n pp i t d I t d t
o e e e- e a n een a o n e n en an

d d S ubis
. .

G r l f th rm i s f M rsh ls d Br gli
e ne a o e a e h w o ft rw rds a a e o e an e o e, e as a e a

I t d t fFi
n e n an c o I 789 h w C u cill r f S t t
nan e dw trust d n 1 e as o n o o a e , an as e n e
with th supply f th tr ps d sti d t t g i st P ris O J uly 4 f ri g f
,

e o e oo e ne o ac a a n a . n 1 , ea n or
his lif h tri d t sc p but w
e, e err st d b ut sixt
o e m il s fr m P ris br ught
a e, as a e e a o een e o a o
b ck dr gg d t th H 6t l d V ill
,

a , a e d th r
o ss ssi t d
e e e e , an e e a a na e .

D ipl m tic g t d s cr t y f th C m t d A
2 ’
o a a eni an e e ar o e o e rto s

S y dic G r l f th S t t s f L gu
.

J3
L uis F vi r b r i
e an o7 w a e , o n n 1 1 1 , as n -
e ne a o e a e o an e
d oc. H ft rw rds t r d dipl m cy
e a e d b c m
a f th pri cip l s cr t
en e e o a an e a e o ne o e n a e e
g ts f L uis X V A rr st d t H m b urg by th rd r f th D d A ig ill
,
’
a en o o . e d e a a e o e o e ue u o n, an
c nduct e d t o
o B still he r e m ai ne d th e r e u ntil the cce ssi o n f L uis X V I H e
the a e, a o o .

di d in 1 784 F vi e r h s l e ft a nu m b r o f p o litic al writi ngs The m o st i m p o rt ant

l Tr it de 1 7 5 6 —w s c o m p o se d fo r M d A rge nson
e . a a e .

’
Ry ’
l xi n‘
e ent o s co re e a e a . .

C ns id g i s t th T t y f
“
i o e ra t o ns a a n e rea o
46 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

M d m de P o lig c
a a e t he H 6 t e l de Luy ne s th at M de na , a nd a t
1
.

C a l o nne fo u nd his supp o rt e rs The Bish o p o f A rr a s w as ne xt t o .

M N e ck e r in t he e ye s o f M a d a m e de Bl o t and o f M de Ca stri e s
.
,
2
. .

M de Fl e ury w as b a ck e d by M a d a m e de Bri o nne The

. .

B a ro n de B re t e uil w as s e c o nd in m any h o us e s first in no ne M 3

, . .

de S o ubis e pro t e ct e d F o ul o n The H ot e l du C h at e l e t ha d its

4
.

o w n a mbiti o n a nd fo rm e d wish e s f o r t he ,
a pp o i n tm e nt o f t he

D u e de C h o is e ul fo r e v e ryb o dy e xc e pt M N e ck e r w as in fav o ur
,
.

with M ad a m e de la R e yniere L e s N o a ill e s sp o k e ki ndly o f .

M de M e ilh a n but did no t pl a c e him in t he fo re m o st ra nk

.
,
5
.

I w e nt a lm o st e v e rywh e r e a nd t o a mi nd s o m e wh a t a ccust o m e d ,

t o o bs e rv e t he sight o ffe r e d by t he upp e r cl ass e s o f s o ci e ty duri ng

, ,

J
*
Gabri e ll e de P o l astro n w as m arri e d in 1 749 , t o th e C o m t e ul e s de P o ligna c,
1

who w as r ai se d t o t he duk e do m in 1 7 80 S he w as l ong the fri e nd o f M a ri e n t o i ne tt e -

A
Q
. .

H e r sa lo n w as the c e ntre o f t he u e e n s p arty she b e c am e go v e rne ss o f the

“ ’ ”

E nfa nts de F ra nce S he e m igr a t e d a fte r the 1 4 th o f uly , and di e d sh o rtly a ft e r

. J
at V i e nn a, l e avi ng t w o so ns , o ne o f wh o m b e c am e t h e m i nist e r o f C h arl e s X .

2
P a uli ne C h arp e nti e r d E nne ry, b o rn ab o ut 1 7 3 3 , m arri e d in 1 7 1 9 Gilb e rt de
’

C h auvigny , C o m t e de Bl o t , a brig a di e r g e ne ra l S he wa s l a dy ih w a iti ng t o the -

.
- -

D uch e ss e d O rléans
’
.

3
L o uis A
uguste L e To nne llie r, B aro n de Bre te uil , b o rn in 1 73 8 at P r e uilly
( To urai ne ) e nt e re d th e F o r e ig n O ffi ce wh e n still quit e a y o uth W h e n m i nist e r at
A S
.

C o l o g ne , h e w as i niti at e d in t he s e cre t dipl o m a cy o f the ki ng m b ass ad o r at t

H ving re turne d to F rance he w s o n pp i t d S t t
. .

Pe t e rsburg a e M i nist r o fthe , a a e a e

ki ng s h us h ld and o f P ris
’
o e o H e re ssu m e d fo r whil e the dir cti o n o f
a -
a a e

a ff irs in 1 780 H e e m igrat e d in 1 790 with p w e rs fro m the ki ng to n g ti t with

a .
, o e o a e

fo re ign s o v e re igns he r e turne d to F r n c e in 1 80 2 and di e d in 1 80 7 a

C h rl e s de R o h an P ri n c e de S ubis e b o rn in 1 7 1 5 li e ut e n nt g e ne r l in 1 74 8
, .

4
a o , a -
a

M arsh al o fF ranc e nd M i nist e r f S t t

, , ,

a H e di d in 1 7 8 7 H e w as m rri e d o a e e a

thr e ti m e s—I t to A nne de l To ur d A e rgne P ri nc e ss e de B o uill o n wh di e d in

.

’
e s ,
a uv , , o

1 7 3 9 l avi ng a d ught e r who m rri e d the P ri nc e de C ndé

e a 2 nd t the P ri nc e s se a o o

T h er es e de S av i C rig n n 3 rd t the P ri n c e ss C hristi ne d H ss e R hinfe ld

, , ,

o e- a a o e e -

G bri e l S e n c de M e ilh n b rn in 1 7 3 6 w s first M itr d R o ét d the n

, .

'
5 ‘ ‘
a a a ,
o ,
a a e es e u es

I nt e n d n t f A nis o f P r o v e nc e ( wh r e the de M l/ n t M rs e ill e s still

“ ’ ’

a o u ll e a ees ez za a a

pr s rve his m e m o ry ) nd fi n lly o f H i naut H w s c o m m iss ry g e ne r l f the

,

e e ,
a a a . e a a -
a o

W r D e p rt m nt in 1 7 75 he m igr t e d in 1 79 1 r sid e d in R ussi n the i nvit ti n

a a e e a ,
e a o a o

o f the E m pr ss C th e ri n nd di e d
e t V i e nn in 1 80 3
a S én c de M e ilh n wr o t e
e, a a a . a a

m ny w o rks tw o o f which h av e e st blish e d his r e put ti n s writ r L e C n id ra ’

a , a a o a a e s o s e

t ions su r l E sprit clles M asters and D u Go no erne m ent, des M a nrs, cl des Con

ditions en F ra nce ava n t la R e‘v olntio n 1:

The g ra c e fu l t it le giv en t o t he ro y al c h ildre n o f F

Tra nsla to r ) ranc e u nde r t he o ld m o narc h y
f ig h ill h y
. .

f M a it re de s R e onétes, t o t he nu m b e r o e t t t e e ar 1 3 44, b ut w ho w e re a f te rwa rds ra ise d

g y g
t o e i h t e i h t , had t wo p rinc ip al du t ie s
-
rs t , e . F i th y i
sa t n ro t a t io n fo r p e rio ds o f t hre e m o nt h s a t
g
t he K in s C o u rt , w he re t he
’
y
dre w u p re p o rts o f t he p ro ce e din s S e c o nd, t he a dm inis te re d j u st ic e g y
y g v
.

fo r th re e m o n t hs in ro t a t io n a t t he Tribu nal o f t he C o u rt s The ha d t he ri ht o f j u ri sdic t io n o e r

g y y
.

fi c e rs o f the kin s ho u se ho ld I n t he fi rst ins t a nc e , t he e xa m ine d no t o nl t he c ase s o f t he se

’
a ll t he o f
A
.

of fi c e rs, b u t t ho se o f a ll t he p e rso ns w ho ha d t he ri ht o f co m m it t z m u s p p e a ls fro m t he m w e re g '

g v y
.

m a de t o t he a rle m e n ts S o m e t im e s, t ho u h e r se ldo m , t he ir de c isio n in t he c ase s se nt be fo re

g g y
.

t he m b y t he o u nc il o f S tat e f o r fi na l t rial w e re w it ho u t fu rt he r a pp e a l The se t ria ls w e re e ne ra ll

g y g g
.

fo r fo r e r o f o ffi c ia l se a ls, o r o f le t t e rs p a te n t s, o r infrin e m e nt s o f t he privile e s o f a u t ho rs o r

p rin t e rs y
T he w e re a lso e nt ru ste d w it h m ak ing o f fi c ia l inq u irie s in t he p ro v mc e s , w he ne e r ne e de d, v
g
.

a nd f ro m a m o n st t he m t h e I n te n da n ts de p ro v in ce ( w ho se du t ie s re se m b le d so m e w ha t t hose o f a
g
hi h she riff) w e re c ho se n Tra n sla t o r )
M M v M s s
. .

I C o nside ra t io ns o n ind a nd anne rs G o e rnm e nt , anne rs, Cu to m , and S ocial

F
C o ndit io n o f rance b e fo re the R e o lutio n
”
v ,
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
47

t he t e n y e rs o fwhich I sp e a k w as curi o us i nd e e d P e o pl e s pre t e n

a , .
’

si o ns h d put e ve ryb o dy o u t o fpl a ce D e lill e di ne d at t he h o us e o f

a .

M a d a m e de P o lig na c with the qu e e n ; A bbé de Ba liv iere pl aye d

with the C o mt e d A rto is M de V iane s pre ss e d the h and o f M
’
. .

de Li a n c o urt C ham fo rt t o o k t he arm o f M de V a udr e uil L a .

V a u p a lliere Trav ane t C h a l abr e t o o k a trip t o M a rly a nd had

, , , ,

supp e r at V e rs a ill e s at t he h o us e o f M ad a m e de L a mb a ll e .
1

G a mbli ng a nd witty s ayi ngs had l e ve ll e d all ra nks Ca re e rs .

,

th at gre at supp o rt o f hi e r a rchy and o f go o d o rd e r w e re b e i ng ,

d e stro y e d A ll yo u ng m e n c o nsid e re d th e ms e lve s fi tt e d t o rul e

.

t h e c o u ntry Th e y criticiz e d a ll the m e a sur e s a d o pte d by the

.

mi nist e rs The p e rs o na l a cts o f the ki ng a nd qu e e n we re

.

bro ught u nd e r discussi o n a nd ne a rly a lways i ncurre d t he dis ,

a ppr o b a ti o n o f t he lo ns o f P a ris Y o u ng w o m e n sp o k e p e r
sa .

t ine nt ly o f a ll t he br a nch e s o f t he a dmi n istr a ti o n I r e m e mb e r .

th a t at a b a ll b e twe e n t w o d anc e s M ad a m e de S t ael t aught

, ,
2
,

M de S urg ere wh at w as m e ant by the ki ngd o m o f the West

.
3

M ad a m e de Bl o t had an o pi ni o n up o n all t he o ffic e rs o f t he

Fre nch N avy M ad a m e de S imi a ne s a id th at th e re o ught t o b e 4
,

no duti e s o n V irgi ni a t o b a cc o The C h e v a li e r de B o u ffle rs w ho

6
.

1
M ari e Th eres e L o uis e de b ll Svi rign
de L am a e , w as the
a o e- Ca an, P ri nc e ss e
d ught r
a ri c ict r S v i
e o fP n e V o rig
de a o e C a B r nan rri d
o n in 1 7 4 9 , she m a
-
e in 1 76 7
H vi g l st
.

ri c b l
th e P n e de L am al e , so n o f t he D u e de P e n thi vr e e husb d
a n o he r an .

ft r y r
a e a rri g
ea s ma
’
sp t p rti
a e , sh e en a oli r qu
o n o f he r fe n e a th epp i t de e n, who a o n e
he r sup ri t d t
e n en en h us h ld H v g b
o f he r o e o rr st
a in ft r
e en a ev tsed a e th e e e n of
A pril urd r d S pt b r
.

1 0 , 1 79 2, she w as m e e on e em e 2
A St l
.

2
uis
nn e L o -
ck r B r
e Ne e , a o nn e de b r ris
ae , w as o n at P a in 1 7 66 S h e w as .

the d ught r
a e ck r
of N e e f u d h rs lf rly lif
S he o n e e. c t ct with
ea in e in o n a st all th e m o

disti uish d p pl
ng e eo l r d
e and e a ne ti h tw ty y rs
m e n o f th e me W en en ea o f age , sh e
S t l H lst i S w dish A b ss d r
.

rri d
ma e r
th e Ba o n de ae o e n, e ris
m a a o to P a
-
d M a am e de
S t l r sid d
.

ae
' '

e e ris duri g
in P a wh l
n the v luti
o e o f the R e o t k ctiv p rt
o n, and o o an a e a in
public irs
af fa l tl ss
R e en e ity spr g up tw
e nm an be irst sul
e e n he r and th e F Co n
H vi g b
. .

a n xil d
e en e e pp t with rd rs
to C o e ol v th t pl c
e no t to e a e a gd a e , sh e m ana e to
esc p ft r ight
a e a e e ths s i c ptivity
m on of em a visit d i S he sce -
S t t rs
V e nna, M o o w , Pe e
burg S t ckh l
. .

o d
o m , and L o n o n tur i g Re r c with
n n to F an e st r ti di
t he R e o a o n, she ed
J uly
, .

on 1 0, 1 8 1 7
ic t J S urg r
.

3
The V o m e r is
e an F anco ch f uc uld
de la R o e o a -
t ly
C o m e de e e, on
rquis S urg r
,

k w u d r this l st
no n n e a nam e , w as the so n o f th e M a li ut
de t e e , a e e nan
g r l
e ne a publish d u d r
He e titl
n e the s vr l
e o f R a m assis r l tr tis s
”
e e a mo a ea e ( 3 vo l
1 7 3 4—
. .

in 88 .

4
r b bly
P o a A déla1 de de D am a , who m a e , in 1 77 7, th e C o m e C a e de s rri d t h rl s
Si i c l l r y
m ane , a o o n e in the a m , and e n e m an in a n to M o ns e , the C o m e de g tl w iti g -
i ur -
t
r v c ft rw
P o en e, a e a Lo rds uis X
V I I I , ne b o e to L o X VI xt r th r uis
At
. .

5 th e age o f en tw ty f u
o r, th e C e al e de B o u f -
hv i r
fl e rs, b o n in 1 7 3 8, was a o n e r pp i t d
a K ight
n lt
o f Ma a a e . Brig di r G -
r l
e ne a in 1 7 84 , h e was, in th e o l o w n ea , a f l i g y r pp i t d
o n e
G v r S
o e rno o f e ne a De g l
o f th e . puty
a e St t s G r l
e ne a in 1 789, h e was o ne o f t he m e m
-

M zscella nz es
' '

.
48 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

p o ss e ss e d s o m e l e tt e rs fro m Pri nc e H e nry o f Prussi a in his 1

p o ck e t b o o k s a id th a t Fr a nc e c o uld o nly re g i n he r p o litic a l

-

,
a

pre p o nd e r a nc e by a b and o ni ng t he a lli anc e o f A ustri a fo r th at o f

Prussi a Th e re is much m o re l e a r ni n g in t he p rl m nt o f
.
“
a e e

R o u e n th a n in th a t o f P a ris s a id M a d a m e d H én in W e re I ” ’ 2 “
.
,

in t h e ki ng s pl a c e I w o uld do such a thi ng s a id M de

’ ”
.
,
.
,

P o ix W e re I t he C o mt e d A rt o is I w o uld say
3 “
t o t he
’

,
.

ki ng s aid S t Bl a nc a rd a nd so o n with t he o th e rs This st at e

, .
,
4
.

o f a ff a irs w o uld h a v e ch a ng e d in a m o m e n t if t he g o v e r n m e nt ,

h a d b e e n str o ng e r o r m o r e skilful ; i f s e ri o us pr e o ccup a ti o n s

had no t t o t a lly g o ne o u t o f fa shi o n i f t he qu e e n l e ss b e a utiful ,

a n d a b o v e a ll l e ss pr e tty h a d no t giv e n w ay t o a ll t he whims a nd ,

fa nci e s o f t he tim e E a sy m a nne rs in s o ve re ig ns i nspire m o re

.

l o ve th an r e sp e ct a nd wh e n tr o ubl e s c o m e th at l o ve its e lf v a n
, ,

ish e s Th e n a n a tt e mpt is m a d e t o re s o rt t o a uth o rity but it is

.
,

t o o pl a i n th a t this sh o w o f a uth o rity is o n ly a n e ffo rt a nd a m e r e ,

e ff o rt d o e s no t l a st Th e g o v e r nm e nt no t d a ri ng t o fo ll o w up
.
,

th at which th e y u nd e rt a k e fa ll a ga i n o f ne c e ssity i nt o a fat a l , , ,

i nd o l e nc e Th e n c o m e s t he l a st e xp e di e nt — a ch a nge o f m in
.

ist e rs th a t it is th o ught will r e m e dy t he s itu a ti o n ; it m ay c o n

, ,

t e nt s o m e fa mili e s pl e as e s o m e p e rs o ns but th at is a ll A t th at
, , .

b rs o f th e C o nstitu ti o nal P rty H e e m igrat d in 1 792 and live d at B rli n ne ar

e a e e

P rin c e H e nry o f P u ssi

. ,

H r e tur ne d t o F r nc e in 1 800 nd di e d in 1 8 1 5
l a. e The a , a .

C h e v li e r d B o u ffl e rs h ad m rri e d in 1 7 6 8 the P rin c e s s L ub m irsk a

a e L te ra t o a a

B rli n h h avi ng b c m a wid o w e r m rri e d th wid o w f the M rquis de S bran

.
, ,

e , e, e o e , a e o a a .

Th e l tt rs he e xch ng e d with his s e c o n d wife b e fo r e his m rri g e h av e b e e n

e e a a a

publish e d
P ri nc e H e nry o f P russi a wa
.

1
br th e r f the gre t F re d e rick H e o btai ne d s a o o a

brilli nt succ ss s duri ng the S e ve n Y e rs W r V ry F r e nch in his t ast s nd

.

’
a e e a a . e e a

m n rs he o ft e n c am e t P ris wh e r e he w as r e c e iv e d in all th e l n H e di e d
g
a e , o a , sa o s.

ln 1 02

H
.

2
M ad e m o is e ll e de M o nco nse il m arri e d , in 766, C h arl e s d Alsac e de
1 enin
’

b o rn in 1 744
L 1 e tard, , k no n n e th e nam e w u d r o f P ri nc e d H énin S h e w a s l a dy in
’
.
-

w iti ng to the qu e n
a e Th e V o m e e de N o a e has e nne a e
. ic t ss e o a ill s p d v ry pr tty p rtr it
o fhe r in the Vie de la P rin cesse de P o ix .

3 Philipp ill s uchy ri c

e de N o a e Mo , P ix p r
n e de P o r c ee gr
o f F an e , and
-
an e e o f d
Sp i b r
,

a n, brig i r g r l
o n in 1 7 5 2 , w as ad e puty
e n e a in 1 7 88 De ility
o f the no b t o the-

St t s G r l
.

a e -
d pt d
e ne a , h e a o c stituti l pri cipl s
e th e o n o na n l ct d
e , and w as e e e C o m m an e d r
ti l Gu rd
o f th e N a o n a a rs ill s
at V e a e igr t d
He em a e r tur d r
in 1 79 1 , e ne to F an e in . c
1 800 , and liv d r t r
e t u til
in e i e m e n n st r ti i ut
the R e o a o n tG r l
L e e nan e ne a in 1 8 1 4 , he .
-

di d
e in 1 8 1 9
rquis S i t Bl c rd b
.

4
h rl s
C a e de G o ntau t, M a de a n an a ( o rn in 1 7 5 2 ) w as, at the m e -
ti
ri c ll yr d sp s
P n e Ta e an e ak c pt i
of, a a igr
a n in the Ga rdes fra n ga isesf H e em a e d in t
c d brig d
1 7 9 2 , and o m m a nde a r y
a e in th e a m dé H vi g r tur d
o fC o n a n e ne to F an e , . r c
he liv d r tir
e in e t u til
e m en n st r ti
the R e o a o n .

A b dy f F h t p d th ld m n hy T l t )
o o re nc ro o s un er e o o a rc . ra ns a or.
50 23 4 I LLI Z YYEAI VLL

S t at e , a nd, in t he fo rum t o d e fe nd t he pro p e rty a nd t he live s o f

,

t he citiz e ns . Th e y ab a nd o ne d e ve n t he a r t s fruits o f th e ir ,

c o nqu e sts t o sl ave s o r t o fre e dm e n The w o m e n o f R o m e ne v e r

, .

l e ft the sh e lt e r o f th e ir h o m e s it w as i nd e c e nt fo r any wo m an
but a c o urt e s an t o sh o w any t a l e nt .

The mi ngli ng o f t he t w o s e x e s in s o ci e ty w as u nk no w n t o
t he a nci e nts and but a fe w y e a rs si nc e it w as still h e ld in sc o r n
,

by t he cust o ms o f E ngl a nd a nd A m e ric a .

P e rmitt e d in Fra nc e it has fo rm e d t he e ss e nti a l a nd dis

,

t inc t iv e ch a r a ct e r o f s o ci e ty it w as u nd e r the r e ig n o f Francis I .

t h a t w o m e n b e g an t o a pp e a r a t c o urt Th e ir pre s e nc e had a n .

imm e di at e i nflu e nc e o n m anne rs o n p o lit e ne ss and o n g o o d ,

t ast e .

I t a ly w as ah e a d o f us in t he pr o gr e ss o f s o ci a l r e fi ne m e nt .

The c o urts o f N a pl e s o f F e rr a r a o f M a ntu a t he p a l a c e o f t he

, , ,

M e dici a lre a dy pr e s e nt e d m o d e ls o f urb anity o f p o lit e ne ss

, , ,

e v e n o f e l e g an c e Lit e rature w a s in h o no ur t he fi ne a rts we re

.
,

succ e ssfully cultivat e d But t he p o litic a l situ ati o n o f I t a ly t he

.
,

wa rs o f which she w as the s e at he r divisi o n i nt o sm all st at e s , ,

a rr e st e d t he pr o gr e ss th a t w o uld h a v e b e e n a cc o mplish e d by t h e

pra ctic a l a rts o f life .

The c a r o us a ls t he t o ur na m e nts th a t t o o k pl a c e in Fr anc e

, ,

u nd e r H e n ry I I imp a rt e d m o re brilli a ncy m o re gra c e m o re

.
, ,

no bility t o g a ll a ntry a nd m a d e s o ci e ty m o r e a ttr a ctive th a n a ll

,

t he i nspir a ti o n s o f t he p o e ts o f I t aly ha d d o ne .

The c o urt duri ng t he r e ig n o f H e nry I I I d e gr a d e d its e lf by

, .
,

a d o pti ng t he friv o l o us a nd sh a m e ful h abits o f t he s o v e r e ig n a nd ,

b e sid e s t he sa d agit a ti o ns o cca si o ne d by t he R e fo rm ati o n p re

,

v e nt e d t he d e ve l o pm e nt o f th e ch a ra ct e r o f t he nati o n .

H e nry I V a ft e r a ll t h e e a rly st o rms o f his life s e p a ra t e d

.
, ,

fro m his first wife a nd p e rp e tu a lly qu arre lli ng with t he s e c o nd

, ,

had no c o urt H is c o ur ag e his viv a city his h a ppy s a lli e s his

.
, , ,

simpl e l a ngu age gay a nd brilli ant o nly e x e rcis e d a p e rs o nal

, ,

i nflu e nc e o n t he cust o ms o f t he nati o n .

C a rdi na l de R ich e li e u a ft e r h avi ng a ttr a ct e d t he h e a ds o f t he

,

gre at no bl e fa mili e s t o t he c o urt w as a nxi o us to b e c o m e its ,

c e ntr e o f attra cti o n With this o bj e ct he thre w o p e n his

.
,

h o us e at R u e il to t he m e n a nd w o m e n wh o s e i nte ll e ctu a l
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL UTI ON 51

a biliti e s h d m o st struck him Fro m th at tim e d at e s t he fi rst

a .

s o ci a l circl e ap a rt fro m th a t o f the c o urt which m a d e its e l f

, ,

fa m o us But t he t e rribl e p o we r o f t he C a rdi na l d e tr c t e d much

. a

fro m its pl e a s ant ne ss A sp a rk c a us e d t he bursti ng fo rth o f

.

t he tr ansi e nt c o nfl ag rat io n k no w n as t he F ronde this burl e squ e

w a r which had no o th e r a im th a n t o gra tify t he l o v e o f gi t ati o n
,
a

e nt e rt a i ne d by its pr o m ot e rs w as h a rdly m o r e th a n a s o ci a l w a r
, ,

th at is a w a r b e twe e n riva l s o ci a l circl e s

, .

This ch ao s c e as e d with t he a cc e ssi n o f L o uis X I V H e o .

e nfo rc e d o rd e r ; a t his v o ic e a ll cl ss e s a ll subj e cts a ssum e d a , ,

th e ir pro p e r ra nk with o ut e ffo rt o r vi o l e nce To this no bl e

, .

sub o rdi nati o n w e are i nd e bt e d fo r t he rt o f o bs e rvi ng pro pri e ty a

—t he e l e ganc e of m a nne rs a nd the e xquisit e p o lit e ne ss which ,

a re t he m a i n ch a r a ct e ristic s o f th a t spl e ndid r e ig n By skilfully .

c o mbi ni ng t he aptitud e s p e culi a r t o e a ch se x a nd c a usi ng m e n ,

a nd w o m e n t o displ ay the ir na tur a l disp o siti o ns t o mutu a l

a dv a nt a g e s o ci e ty re a ch e d a d e gre e o f spl e nd o ur t he m o st
, ,

i nsig nific ant d e t a ils o f which Fre nchm e n will a lways e nj o y t o

l e a rn The sa lon o f M ad a m e de S e vig ne is o ne o f t he m o nu
.
’

m e nts o f o u r gl o ry .

S o ci e ty u nd e r L o uis X V ha d all t he we a k ne ss e s o f his r e ig n

.
,

it o p e ne d its s anctu a ry a fe w m e n o f l e tt e rs slipp e d in The

'

.
,

e ff e ct o f this w as a t fi rst t o impr o v e c o nv e rs a ti o n a nd lit e r a tur e

, .

M de Fo nt e ne ll e and M de M o nt e squi e u M de Buffo n

. .
, .
,

Pre sid e nt H er ult M de M a ira n M de V o lt aire a ll bro ught up

a , .
, .
,

u nd e r t he i nflu e nc e o f the c e ntu ry o f L o uis X I V k e pt up in .

,

s o ci e ty th a t e xquisit e s e ns e o f pro pri e ty th at p o lit e and ye t fre e ,

sp e e ch th a t no bl e e as e which m a d e t he ch a rm and lustre o f

,

P a ris gath e ri ngs S uch w a s t he st a nd a rd which o ne had t o o bs e rv e

. .

But u nd e r t he r e ig n o f L o uis X V I e ve ry cl a ss o f lit e rature .

,

spre ad in s o ci e ty E ach writ e r a lt e re d his lit e rary m anne r

.
,

c o nfusi o n thus cr e pt in pre t e nsi o ns gre w b o ld a nd the s anctu a ry

, ,

w as br o k e n i nt o A s a r e sult o f a ll this t he g e ne r a l spirit o f

.
,
.

s o ci e ty u nd e rwe nt all m anne r o f m o dific a ti o ns P e o pl e w ant e d .

t o k no w e v e rythi ng t o fa th o m e v e rythi ng t o j udg e o f e v e rythi ng

, , .

S e ntim e nts w e r e r e pl a c e d by phil o s o phic a l id e s ; p assi o ns by a ,

t he a na lysis o f t he hum a n h e a rt t he wish t o pl e a s e by o pi ni o ns ,

a mus e m e nts by pl a ns , proj e cts & c Eve rythi ng b e ca m e

, , .

E 2
52 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

u nnatural I p aus e fo r fe a r I might m ak e yo u fe e l t o o stro ngly

.
,

t he c o mi ng o f t he Fr e n ch R e vo luti o n fr o m which s e v e r a l y e a rs ,

a nd m a ny e v e n ts still s e p a r a t e us .

The qu a rre l o f t he E nglish with th e ir c o l o ni e s ha d j ust

bro k e n o u t Phil o s o ph e rs had s o u nd e d the qu e sti o n at issu in
.
1
e

a ll its d e pths Th e y we igh e d t he rights o f p e o pl e s a nd o f

.

s o ve re ig ns O ld milit a ry m e n w e re o f o pi ni o n th a t t his qu a rre l

.

was lik e ly t o bri ng w a r y o u ng m e n saw s o m e thi ng ne w in it ,

w o m e n s o m e thi ng o f an a dve nture ; t he m e an c avilli ng a nd ,

th o ughtl e ss p o licy o f t he go ve rnm e nt m a d e th e m re sp o nsibl e fo r

a ll t he e xcit e m e n t c a us e d by th e s e dist a n t e v e n ts Th e y had .

t o l e rat e d o r r ath e r c o u nt e nanc e d t he d e p a rture o f M de la

, , .

F y tt e o f M de G o uvi o n 3 o f M Dup o rt a il O nly t he fi rst o f

a e
2
, .
, . .
4

th e s e na m e s has fa m e h and e d d o w n t o p o st e rity Wh e n w ri ti ng a .

no v e l a n a uth o r will e nd o w t he h e r o with a n e nlight e ne d mi nd

,

a n d no bl e impuls e s
; fo rtu ne d o e s no t t ak e so much tro ubl e :
i nsig nific a nt m e n o ft e n pl ay t he l e a di ng p a rt in gre a t e ve nts ,

simply b e c a us e th e y h app e ne d t o b e o n the sp o t .

M de la F a y e t t e c o m e s fro m a no bl e fa mily o f A uve rg ne

.
,

no t ye t r e nd e r e d illustri o us u ntil u nd e r L o uis X I V t he wit o f a ,

.
,

w o m an r e fl e ct e d s o m e lustre o n this na m e H e had m a rri e d a .

y o u ng l a dy o f the N o a ill e s fa mily and w as hims e lf the o w ne r o f ,

1
cl r ti d p d c
The D e a a o n o f I n e e n e n e o f th e U n e it d S t t d a e s w as m a e o n M ay 4 ,

1 77 6 . c i t rs ill s r c g iz d
T he ab ne o f V e a e e o n e r pu lic sig d tr ty
th e n e w e b , a
nd ne a ea of

li c with it
al a n e bru ry
( Fe a ruptur with gl d t k pl c
Th e e E n an thoo a e o n the 1 7

f ll wi g J u
,

o f th e o o n ne .

2
Gil rt ti r
be rquis
M o e , Ma y tt r h v g c r
de la F a e e , w as b o n in 1 7 5 7 , at C a a na , ne a
Bri u o de A t tw ty y rs
en ea f ught A ic i d p d c
o f a e he o
g fo r m e r an n e e n e n er M em be o f
A ss bly St t s G r l
. .

th e em t l s
o f N o ab e puty
in 1 7 8 7 ; de t o t he a e th
e ne a O n th e 1 5
-
of

J uly Si
.

l ct d
h e w as e e e C o m m an e d rG r l ti l Gu rds
e ne a o f th e N a o na
-
a o f th e e ne Ou t .

l w d ft r
a e a e Ju
the 2o th lig d t
ne , 1 79 2 , h e w as o b flight
e rr st d
t o ak e t o b u t w as a e e b y
A ustri s
,

the r i d
an , and e m a ne y rs i pris d
five e a m o ne pl y d
at O lm iitzp rt He a e no a.

u d r
n e th e E m pir H v g b
e a in l ct d d puty
e en e e e a e v t d d p si
in 1 8 1 4 , he o e fo r the e o
p r r S till d puty u d r
.

ti o n o f th e e m e o a e . st r ti lw ys
n e the R e o a o n, h e a a sat W 1 th t he

O pp siti
o on l ct d
E e e. d r hi f ti l Gu rds
C o m m an e in C e o f the N a o na - -
a m 1 83 0 , h e
c tribut d
on e cc si uis hilipp
t o t he a e s o n o f L o P di d e He e
-
in 1 83 4
J B ptist G uvi t k p rt A ric
. .

3
e an a -
e o on oo c p ig
a in t he am a n in c r me a as a n o f fi e of
gi r Gr tly tt ch d
e n ne e s . ea a a e y tt rG r l
to la F a e e , h e w as, in 1 7 89 , app o m ted M aj o e ne a -

ti l Gu rd
o f the N a o na a puty De ri s t his
o f P a s in 1 79 1 , he e n in re 5 1gnat 1 o n m 1 7 9 2 ,

f ll wi g J u
.

and di de cti r u ug
in a o n ne a M a b e e o n the 1 1 th o f t he o o n ne .

4
Dup rt il t k p rt
o a oo a c p ig A ric
in the am a n o f m e fic a as an o f e r o f e ngm e e rs He .

c l l
was a o o ne in 1 7 83 , w as pr t d omo e r k rig i r g r l
t o the an o fb ad e e ne a
,
an d ap p o m te d
-

M n e o f W ar in 1 790
i ist r i l tly tt ck d
V o en a a A ss ly
e in th e em b , a
W l lt o f a c c u sat1 o n ’

A ugust
.

w as issu d g i st
e a a n h im o n the l o th o f i dc c l d
H e re m a ne rs
on e a e
.
fo r tw o e a ,
y
a t t he e nd o f which ti succ d d r chi g A ric
m e he ee e in e a n me a H e w as re tu rm ng t o
.

r c
F an e in 1 80 2 , wh di d
e n he e a t se a .
54 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

S uch
Fre nchm e n who ha d g o ne t o t he c o l o ni e s o fA m e ric a
with milit a ry e xp e diti o ns c a m e h o m e with m ag nific e nt
d e scripti o ns o f a ll t he we alth th at ne w p a rt o f t he w o rld
c o nt a i ne d A m e ric a w as t he s o l e t o pic o f c o nv e rs ti o n The
. a .

p e culi a rity o f the m e mb e rs o f t he a rist o cr a cy in the tim e o f ,

my yo uth w as th a t e v e rythi ng th a t w as ne w t o th e m th e y
,

b e li e ve d th e y had disc o ve r e d a nd w e r e th e re fo re all t he m o re , , ,

fo nd o f it Wh at sh o uld we b e with o ut A m e ric a ? w as o n

.
“

e v e ryb o dy s lips I t giv e s us a navy s a id M M alo u e t ;

“ ’
1 “
It .
, .

e xt e nds o u r c o m m e rc e s aid A bb e R ay nal ; I t pr o cure s

” ’ “
2
,

e mpl o ym e n t f o r o u r e xc e ss o f p o pul a ti o n fi c e at
”
t he m e n in o f ,
-

t he tim e w e r e w o nt t o say ; I t is t he r e fug e o f a ll r e stl e ss “

mi nds s a id the m e mb e rs o f t he g o v e r nm e nt ; th a t o f a ll
,
” “

d iss e nt e rs s a id t he phil os o ph e rs a nd so o n,
”
N o c o u ntry , .

s e e m e d m o re pro fit abl e no ne b e tt e r fi tt e d t o d e ve l o p t he a rts ,

o f p e ac e The o nly s ubj e ct o f c o nv e rs a ti o n w as t he gl o ry

.

c o nne cte d with t he disc o ve ry o f A m e ric a A nd ye t ( fo r .

his f th r w s an att o rn y H e c m e to P ris wh e r his life f dissip ti n nd i ntrigu e

a e a e . a a , e o a o a

l d t his b i ng i m pris n d f r fift n m nths t F o rt

e o e O n b e i ng
o et fr e o ee o a se e,

h e w n t t E n gl nd
e nd cquir d s m c e l e b rity s p m phl e t e e r H is G ttier
o a , a a e o e a a a . az e

i ( 1 7 7 2 ) c us e d quit e
’
C ir n An d t a nd l d l C rd F n '
n a e u ses ou ra
’
u a sse , o ec o es sc e a e ce a a se

s ti n H liv e d b y xt rti ng hush m o ne y fr o m v ri us p e pl

a o . e sp ci lly fr m
e o -
a o o e, e e a o

M d m e du B rry wh o s n t B u m rch is t him to purch s his sil e nc e

a a a , H e dit d ea a a o a e . e e e

a ft rw rds u n d r th n m f C u rri r d l E n r p
e a e p e ri dic al as disgr c e ful s his
e a e o o e e
’
o e, a o a a

p m phl t H vi ng r turn d to F r nc he w i m pris n d ft e r A ugust 1 0 fo r h o lding

,

a e . a e e a e, as o e a ,

a nti r e vo luti n ry vi e ws
-
h m n g d t o sc p e h w v r nd di e d in 1 80 3
a e a a e o e a , o e e , a .

P i rr e V ict r B r n M lo t b r n t R i m in 1 7 40 b e g n life s n tt l e‘ f
1
e -
o ,
a o a ue ,
o a o , a a a a ac z o

e m b ssy t L isb o nne ( 1 7

a a H ft rw rds nt e re d th e n v l c m m iss ri t t e a e a e a a o a a a

R o ch e f rt ( 1 76 3 ) b c m e sub —
o c o m m iss ry in 1 76 7 nd w s s nt to S n D m i ng
e a a ,
a a e a o o,

an d t Guy n ft r c m m iss ry g n r l D puty f R i m to th S t te Ge n l

o a a a e as o a -
e e a . e o o e a s~ e ra ,

h e v o t d with the c nstituti o n l p rty e m igr t d in 1 79 2 r e tur ne d t F r nc in 1 80 1

e o a a a e o a e

t A n tw e rp ( 1 80 1 nd C o u n cill r o f S t t e ( 1 8 1 0
, ,

w s P r f t m ritim
a e e a e a a o a

He w m i nist r o f m ri n u n d r th pr vis ry g o v rnm nt

as e nd di d in t h s m e
a e e e o o e e ,
a e e a

y r ea M l t is th e uth r o fnu m r o us w r k s o n th n vy and the c l ni e s

a ou e a o e o e a o o .

H h s l ft m o st i nt e r sti ng m m o irs which h v e b e n publish d ( 2 v ls 8 )

e a e e e a e e o vo

R y n l b o r n t S i nt G ni e z ( A ve yr n ) in 1 7 1 3 t k rd rs
. .
,
2
G ill m e Th m u au ~
o as a a ,
a a -
e o oo o e ,

a n d c am e t P ris in 1 7 4 7 wh r e h e w n r put ti n b th
o a pro f ss r nd pr ch e r , e o e a o o as a e o a a ea .

H e v e n tu lly g v up his ccl si stic pp o i nt m nts

e a a eH e w s ne f th m o st d ri ng e e a a e . a o o e a

phil s o ph rs f his ti m e L H i t ir p/ il p/ ign d I nd I which m d his r pu

o e o .
’
s o e z oso i e es es, a e e

t at io n w burne d by th public e x e cuti ne r s h nd and R yn l h d to t k r fuge

, as e o
’
a ,
a a a a e e

a br d H r turne d to F r nc e in 1 788 w s l e ct e d a m e m b r fthe I n tit t

oa . e e a ,
a e e o s u

a nd di e d in 1 79 6 '
.

L F l E éq e w hi h m p pl w
or
’
gly p ll F l E éq w th p i f h B i h p f
v ue, c so e eo e ro n s e o rt
'
v ue , as e r so n o t e s o o
P i I w i d i h m iddl f t h R S G m i l A
ar s t as s t u a t e i pp i n t h F d R i
e e o e ue t er a n
’
u xe rro s, o o s te t e or u o
h vi g i d ll h p iv t j i di i
. . .

L i X IV h Ch l t i 67 4 th F l E éq
’
ou s a n u n te a t e r a e ur s c t o ns a t t e a te e n 1 e or v ue
v d f m h im y d b t 78
.
, ,
’
se r e d b p i t dw at d t e as a t o rs r so n, a n e st ro
A d f h C fF
ro e as e a ou 1 0
h bl G z
”
1 Th U im p S n d l a e t te e r ; o r, can ne c o te s o t o u rt o ra nc e
A Phil phi l H—
e e ac a e- a o us e

y f I di
.

—w h p f d th g t t dm i ti n f it
”
I i I m yb
o so w ll t cah h hi w k
st o r it d h o n a t a e as e o no t e e re t at t s or e xc e t e
i m fB
.

e th
n u s as p th b t o b lt n ffi o na arte en u a su a er o ce r o ro e sse e re a es a ra o or s
a u t ho r .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
55

le t us e x ami ne thi ngs t o t he b o tt o m ) wh at has b e e n t he

re sult o f ll o u r i nt e rc o urs e with t he N e w W o rld ? D o w e
a

s e e l e ss mis e ry a b o ut us ? D o subv e rt e rs o f t he s o ci a l o rd e r
n o l o ng e r e xist ? H av e no t t he gl n c e s w e c a st o n dist an t a

c o u ntri e s dimi nish e d o u r l o ve fo r o u r native l and ? A re no t w a rs

m o re fre qu e nt l o nge r m o re wid e ly spre ad m o re c o stly thr o ugh
, , , ,

t he fa ct o f E ngl a nd a nd Fr a nc e h avi ng b e c o m e s e nsitiv e a nd

irrit bl e o n o t h e r p a rts o f t he gl o b e ? The hist o ry o f m a nki nd
a

fur nish e s us wi t h the fo ll o wi ng sad re sult th at t he spirit o f de

structi o n quickly r e p a irs t o all pl a c e s with which i nt e rc o urs e has
b e c o m e e si e r Wh e n a fe w Euro p e ans c a st th e ms e lve s up o n
a .

A m e ric a th e y a t o nc e fo u n d th at v a st c o nti ne nt t o o na rr o w
,

fo r th e ir a mbiti o n a nd th e ir i nt e r e sts cl ashi ng c o nti nu ally th e y

, ,

fi e rce ly c o mp e t e d ag a i nst e a ch o th e r u ntil o ne o f th e m b e c a m e

t he m a st e r T o day wh e n a discussi o n a ris e s b e tw e e n t he
.
-

c a pt a i n o f a m e rch ant — ve ss e l a nd dire ct o r o f the H uds o n s a

’

B ay C o mp any all t he S t a t e s o f Eur o p e t a k e up a rms in t h e

,

qu a rre l .

I k no w ho w much a ll I h av e j ust s a id is c o ntr a ry t o curr e n t

id e a s V o yage s ar o u nd t he wo rld m ak e t he gl o ry o f s o m e
.

i ndividu als a nd e ve n o f t he go ve r nm e nts w ho o rd e r th e m

, .

L e arne d m e n will no t a ll o w a ny o f the disco ve ri e s o f o u r

gre a t navigat o rs t o be attribut e d m e re ly t o ch anc e ; th e y
i nsist th at pre vi o us k no wl e dge e nabl e d th e s e b o ld pi o ne e rs t o
gu e ss o r a t l e a st susp e ct t he e xist e nc e o f t he ne w c o u ntri e s
, ,

which e nrich o u r m ap s H o we v e r th e y must a ll o w us t o p o i nt

.
,

o u t th a t in o u r o w n d ays wh e n gr avit a ti o n h as b e c o m e t he
, ,

ruli ng th e o ry wh e n m e th o ds o f c a lcul ati o n h ave re ach e d th e ir

,

gre a t e st p e rfe cti o n it h as b e e n im agi ne d th a t in o rd e r t o

, ,

pr e s e rve the e quilibrium o f t he e arth th e re must b e a c o n ,

side rab le c o nti ne n t a t t he a nt a rctic p o l e ; s e ve ra l e xp e diti o ns ,

h o w e ve r h av e b e e n dire ct e d t o wa rds th at p o i nt a nd a ll th e ir
, ,

re s e a rch e s h ave so far pro ve d a lm o st us e l e ss The u nfo rtu nat e

, , .

L o uis X V I h e ld to th at id a a nd w e o ught t o thi nk it but

. e ,

natur a l th a t he o f all m e n sh o uld h a v e b e e n i nduc e d t o s e e k

, ,

a fa r f o r o th e r m e n .

But it s e e ms t o m e o f littl e i nt e re st to u s t o e ng age in such

e nt e rpris e s ; if it b e a bs o lut e ly ne c e ss ary th at th e y sh o uld b e
56 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c a rri e d o u t w e sh o uld l e av e this duty t o the ne w rul e rs o f the

,

o c e an it d o e s no t c o nc e r n us .

A c o rr e sp o nd e n c e which I cl o s e ly k e pt up fo r s e v e r a l y e a rs
with M de C h o is e ul Go u flie r th e n a mb a ss a d o r in C o nst anti
.
-

n o p le a nd M P e isso ne l c o nsul in t he s e a p o rts o f t he L e v an t

,
.
, ,

fully c o nvi nc e d m e o f the m any adva nt a ge s we might still d e rive

in o u r d ays by tur n i ng o ur p o litic a l a nd c o mm e rci al vi e ws
,

t o wa rds t he o ld wo rld .

Wh e n w e c o nsid e r t he ge o gra phic a l p o siti o n o f this c o m

p o u nd s o lid c o mp a ct b o dy which is c a ll e d Fr a nc e wh e n w e
, , ,

fo ll o w its wh o l e c o a st w e ne e ds must b e a st o nish e d th at it ha s

,

n o t a lw ays l o o k e d up o n t he M e dit e rra ne a n S e a as its o w n

d o m ai n This b a si n the e ntranc e t o which is a cc e ssibl e
.
,

o n ly thr o ugh a n i n l e t a f e w mil e s wid e is cl o s e d in o n all ,

sid e s by c o u ntri e s p o ss e ssi ng littl e o r no shippi ng P o s .

s e ssi ng in h e rs e lf and in S p a i n he r a lly a ll the m e ans

, , ,

af fo rd e d by the fi ne h arb o urs o f T o ul o n a nd M ars e ill e s by ,

Ca rth ag e na a nd n um e r o us o th e r p o rts
, Fra nc e c a n e a sily ,

a cquire in t he M e dit e rr a ne a n wh at e v e r d e gr e e o f sup e ri o rity she

m ay wish t o p o ss e ss The imm e ns e a dv ant a g e th at might

.

re sult fo r he r fro m such sup e ri o rity has hith e rt o b e e n o ve r

l o o ke d .

A spirit o f imit ati o n and a s e ntim e nt o f riv a lry attr a ct e d us

t o t he o c e a n I t is a r e m a rk abl e fa ct th a t a ll t he sch e m e s fo r
.

t he nav a l gre at ne ss o f Fr a nc e a lw ays re quir e d t he spirit o f

o pp o siti o n t o fo st e r th e m I t has a lways r e quir e d t he pr o sp e ct
.

o f h avi ng t o fight a n e ne my o r w e a k e n s o m e na ti o n t o e xcit e

, ,

o u r prid e r o us e o u r c o ur a g e a nd d e v e l o p o u r i n dustry
, ,
I am .

s o rry t o mak e t he st at e m e nt but e v e ryt hi ng i ndic a t e s th a t in,

m a n t he p o we r t o h a t e is str o ng e r th a n th a t o f l o v e t o hum anity

,

in g e ne r a l and e v e n th an th a t o f o u r p e rs o na l i nt e r e sts
,
The .

id e a o f gre at ne ss and pro sp e rity with o ut j e a l o usy and riva lry is

t o o abstra ct fo r a ny o rdi na ry mi nd t o gr asp it o rdi n a ry mi nds

r e quire s o m e c o ncre t e o bj e ct t o which t o a pply th e ir c o nc e pti o ns ,

a n d so t o sp e a k m e a sur e th e m m at e ri a lly
, ,
.

I n o rd e r t o p alli a t e s o m e wh at t he s ad ne ss o f th e s e r e m arks ,

le t us a tt e mpt a c o mpr o mis e M ight no t t he natura l riv a lry .

which e xists b e twe e n wh at is k no w n o f t he ne w wo rld and o f

 58 TH E M E M OI R S O F P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

pro p o rti o nat e ly i ncre a s e d N o ne o f th e s e i nc o nve ni e nc e s wo uld

.

b e fe lt in t he o ld w o rld I n A fric a t he i nstrum e nts a re th e r e th e y

.
, ,

a re num e r o us th e y supp o rt th e ms lv e s
,
I f t h e s o il r e quir e s m o r e
e .

cu ltiva ti o n t he u no ccupi e d p o pul ati o n is so abu n d ant th at it

,

e a sily suppli e s this ne e d W e must no l o ng e r c o mp a re the w o rk

.

o f bl a cks in A m e ric with th at o f bl a cks in A fric a I t is whit e

a .

m e n in A m e ric a w ho will h e r e a ft e r b e e mpl o y e d at l ab o ur b e y o nd

th e ir e nduranc e ; t o o bt a i n t he s a m e pro ducts a gre at e r numb e r
will b e ne c e ss a ry a nd will th e y h av e this numb e r ? I n A fric a
,

th e y h ave th e m .

Th e s e c o n d po i nt o f t h e pr o bl e m r e s o lv e s its e lf e qu a lly in
favo ur o f the M e dit e rr a ne an A ll t he pro ducts o f A fric a are .

g o o d The suga r o f Egypt is h a rd and gr ai ne d in t he pro ce ss

.

o f r e fi ni ng it b e c o m e s as whit e as th a t o f S a n D o mi ng o ; a nd

th e re is e ve ry re a s o n t o b e li e ve th at w e c o uld o btai n a v e ry fi ne
qu a lity in the c e ntra l p a rts o f t he r e ge nci e s o f Tu nis a nd o f
A lgi e rs A byssi ni a pr o duc e s c o ffe e which is sup e ri o r t o th at o f
.

t he W e st I n di e s ; if its cultur e w e r e e nc o ur ag e d by a n a ssur e d

s a l e a ll the ki ngd o ms a nd isl a nds o f s o uth ern A si a w o uld
,

fur nish it in abu nd ance The b e auty o f t he c o tt o n cultiv at e d in

.

A fric a m e r e ly fo r l o c a l ne e ds pr o v e s th at it w o uld e a sily surp a ss

,

th at o f Cay e nne o f o u r o th e r c o l o n i e s a nd o f t he U nit e d S t at e s

,

o f A m e ric a I n dig o is cultiv a t e d succ e ssfully b e tw e e n t he 3 4 th

.

a n d 3 5 t h d e gr e e s o f l a titud e a nd c o uld b e e a sily o bt a i ne d in this

,

l atitud e in A fric a .

I t r e m a i n s th e n t o b e s e e n if it w o uld no t b e pr e j udici a l t o
t he gr e a t a rt o f navig a ti o n t o giv e t o c o mm e rc e a ne w dire cti o n
, ,

which at fi rst sight a pp e a rs t o t e nd t o na rro w t he d o m ai n o f

.
, ,

sc ie nc e .

Th e re w o uld b e no fo u nd ati o n fo r any fe ar in this re sp e ct .

O ne c anno t s e ri o usly b e li e v e th a t Fr a nc e with t he e xt e nt o f ,

c o a st which she has o n t he o c e an a nd t he p o rts which she p o s ,

s e ss e s c o uld a ll o w h e rs e lf t o l o s e o r b e fo rbidd e n he r c o mp e titi o n

,

in t he navig a ti o n o f t he high s e a s This supp o siti o n ne e ds no t .

e v e n b e discuss e d The o c e a n t he s e as o f A m e ric a a nd o f

.
,

I n di a must a lways r e m a i n o p e n t o a ll na ti o ns
, it is t he gre at
sch o o l wh e re t he art m ust b e pre s e rv e d a nd p e rfe ct e d The .

pri ncipl e s o f the gr e at disc o v e ri e s are fi x e d ; the d e v e l o pm e nt

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 59

of which th e y a re susc e ptibl e will ne c e ss a ril y fo ll o w Exc e pt .

by a frightful r e vo luti o n o f the who l e gl o b e t he fruits o f so ,

m any e ffo rts o f so much wo rk o f so m a ny c e nturi e s c o uld no t

, , ,

b e l o st fo r Fr a nc e a ny m o r e th an f r t he r e st o f t he w o rld
,
o It .

is no t s o m e thi ng l e ss th a n wh at e xists th at I d e m and it is ,

s o m e thi ng m o re Whil e E ngl a nd is so pl ac e d a s t o h av e gr t e r

. ea

a dv a nt ag e s th a n Fr a nc e up o n t he o c e a n Fra nce is so situ at e d ,

as t o h a v e gr e a t e r a dv a nt a g e s o n t he M e dit e rr a ne a n th a n has

E ngl and Fr o m this divisi o n th e re w o uld re sult e v e n fo r c o m

.
,

m e rc ial p e o pl e s m o tiv e s o f e mul a ti o n which w o uld t e nd t o

,

m a i nt a i n a s o rt o f l e ve l b e twe e n t he i ndustri e s o f a ll civiliz e d

c o u ntri e s .

I t is pri ncip a lly t o c o mm e rci a l i nt e r e sts th a t I a ddr e ss mys e lf ,

b e c aus e I am disp o s e d t o b e li e ve th at r e as o n o r rath e r l a ssitud e

will bri ng a b o ut a st at e o f a ff irs in which so much a tt e nti o n will
a

no l o ng e r b e p a id t o t he str e ngth o f t he navy a nd t o t he m e a ns ,

it a ff rds o f s e curi ng the upp e r h and in w a r I h o p e th at s o m e

o .

day this will b e c o m e a s e c o nd ary p o i nt o f vi e w a nd th at t he ,

pri ncip a l o bj e ct o f a navy will b e t o fo st e r tra d e t o i ncre as e ,

c o mfo rt and t o c o ntribut e to t he ge ne ra l pr o sp e rity

, .

H o we v e r v a gu e ly e xpr e ss e d th e s e id e a s m ay b e a nd ,

a lth o ugh th e y o nly s e e m c o nfi ne d t o a wish th e y c anno t b e ,

r ga rd e d as idl e fa nci e s if w e put a sid e wh a t is t o o abs o lute a nd

e ,

a rbitr a ry in th e m a nd c o nfi ne o urs e lv e s t o c o nsid e ri ng th e m a s

subj e ct t o t he o bst acl e s which pro ce e d fro m th o se e v e nts which

a lw ays i nt e rfe r e with t he pr o gr e ss o f hum a n sch e m e s .

A littl e g o o d e ag e rly gr a sp e d t he e nj o ym e nt o f which

, ,

is a lways o f sh o rt durati o n is a ll hum a n nature c an b o ast o f

, .

Thus it su ffice s th at a p o litic al vi e w o ffe r s o m e adva nt age th at ,

it b e in pri ncipl e c o n fo rm abl e t o nature th at it pre s e nt littl e risk , ,

littl e l o ss fe w s acrific e s fo r it t o b e re g rd e d as go o d a nd fo r
, ,
a ,

m e n t o b e bl e t o pl a c e h o p e in it with o ut fe a r o f b e i ng c a rri e d
a ,

a w ay by th e ir o w n c o nc e pti o ns .

O ne w o uld b e m o r e e nc o ur age d in t a ki ng this vi e w o n l o o k ,

ing b a ck t o t he pr e c e di ng e p o chs o f o u r hist o ry Thus it wo uld .

b e s e e n th at in t he tim e o f t he C rus a d e s Eur o p e w as pr e cis e ly

o n t he w ay t o th e s e id e a s The c o mm e rc e o f A si a lib e rty o f
.
,

c o mmu nic ati o n with this rich p a rt o f the o ld w o rld we re am o ng ,

60 TH E M E M OI R S OF P RI N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

t he s e cre t m o tive s o f w a r o n the p art o f t he W e ste rn P o we rs

a g a i n st t he C a li fs o f A r a bi a ag a i n st t he S o ud a n s o f Egypt
, ,

a n d t he S ult a n s o f N ic o m e de s R e ligi o n s e rv e d as a pre t e xt fo r

.
_

p o litics a nd p o litics c o uld g a i n a glimps e alre ady o f t he a dv an

,

t age s o f an e xclusive navig ati o n With s o m e succ e ss prud e ntly .

,

m anage d Euro p e an c o l o ni e s mi ght s o o n h ave b e e n s e e n fo rmi ng

,

o n t he c o a sts o f Egypt a nd S yri a A nd in t he w ars which w o uld .

h ave b e e n sustai ne d by t he j e a l o usi e s and riv a lri e s o f t he

c o nfe d e rat e pri nc e s Fra nc e by he r p o si ti o n w o uld h ave had
, , ,

imm e ns e a dvant ag e s th a t l at e r she w as no t a bl e t o re ga i n in t he

struggl e c a us e d by t he disc o ve ry o f A m e ric a I n o u r d ays the .
,

gre a t di ffi culti e s o f re ligi o n h avi ng b e e n o ve rc o m e c o mm e rci a l ,

a rr a ng e m e n ts might furth e r t h e i nt e r e sts o f a ll t he p o w e rs o f t he

E ast which by th e ms e lve s a re no t e ss e nti a lly m aritim e p o we rs

, .

Th a t is why at a tim e o f my life wh e n I had t he p o w e r t o

,

do so I i ntr o duc e d i nt o t he tr e a ty o fA mi e ns —as a m e r e phil o

,

s o phic a l V i e w so as t o give no umbra ge to t he p o we rs — a fe w

,

pr o visi o ns h avi ng fo r th e ir o bj e ct t he civiliz ati o n o f t he c o ast 0 1

A fric a I f t he g o v e r nm e nt had fo ll o w e d t he m a tt e r up if in
.
1
,

st e a d o f s acrifici ng all th a t re m a i ne d o f t he fi ne a rmy o f Egypt ,

t o t he v a i n h o p e o f r e c o nqu e ri ng S a n D o mi ng o o ne had 2
,

dire ct e d aga i nst t he S t at e s o f B a rb a ry th a t imp o si ng a nd

a lr e ady a cclim a tiz e d fo rc e it is pr o ba bl e th a t my phil o s o phy
,

w o uld h ave b e c o m e pra ctic a l a nd th a t Franc e i nst e a d o f h avi ng

, ,

d e stro y e d in a fe w m o nths a fi ne a rmy a t S a n D o mi ngo wo uld

'

no w b e fi rmly e st a blish e d o n t he A fric a n c o a st o f t he M e dit e r

ra ne a n thus sp a ri ng us t he gig antic a nd dis a str o us c o n ti ne nt a l

,

syst e m .

I o ught still to i ndic a t e a no th e r str o ng c o nsid e r a ti o n ; it is

Th tr ty f A m i s g r t d th i d p d c
1
e ea o en u a an e ef M lt its utr lity d
e n e en en e o a a, ne a ,
an

op e ne d its p rts to v ss e ls f ll n ti ns
o e o a An a
a o e e
. e e omrticl xc pt d fr
a e e e this l tt r privil g
the ships o f the B arb ry st at e s
a n t il by
,
u m ea ns of a n a rra ng e m en t p rocu red by t he
co n tract ing p a rt ies, the syste m of host i lit ies ex ist ing betw een the afo resa id B a rba ry
S ta t es a n d the order of S t 7 01 m, a s w ell as the Ch ristia n pow ers, shou ld ha ve cea sed
. .

It is d ubtl ss this l tt r pr visi which

o e a e o on t d p rt its uth r c
de no e o n th e a of a o e a n rt i
i ws
v e dit r
o n th e M e th t
e rane an ti s b v
a he m e n o n a o e

Si c
.

2
isl d
n e 1 79 5 , the an i g b i d p d tu d r
o f S an D o m n o had g
ee n n e e n e n n e the o e n v r
t
m e n o f Touss i t uv rtur
a n Lo -
e eirst sul wish d
The F . Co n ccupy it e brt o re o his o e -
th r
G r l cl rc
in law , e ne a L e e , w as
-
ch rg d with a e xp ti ru ry
t he e e di o n ( F e b a ,
H e w as
vict ri us first
o o at t k p ss ssi
, and oo o erly isl d
o n o f ne a sick ss d ci
a ll the an , b u t ne e ma e t d
his tr ps
oo , andhi s lf di d A f r
he m e e br ch t e th e
. p cea A i s
o f th e ea e of m e n , the E n glish
s c d d
e on e rts
the e ffo bl cks
o f th e a r t tr ps w r blig d v
The e m nan o f o u r o o e e o e to e a a e cu t
the isl d which
an , r i di d p d t
h as s1 nce e m a ne n e en en .
62 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

E ngl a nd wh e re t he pri ncipl e o f p o litic a l lib e rty is e m

In ,

b o di e d in the c o nstituti o n o f the S t at e s e cts a re i nnum e rabl e , ,

a n d littl e d a ng e r o us .

I n G e rm a ny a c o u ntry divid e d i nt o v a ri o us sm a ll st a t e s t he
, ,

spirit o f re fo rm ati o n has b e e n p e rp e tu a t e d si nc e Lu t h e r a nd

C a lv in a nd might h ave m a d e gre a t r a v a g e s if t he Fr e n ch R e v o lu
, ,

ti o n had no t a l a rm e d a ll g o v e r n m e nts a nd disp e rs e d i nno

a t o rs ; th o s e w ho re m a i n i ncludi ng M a d a m e v o n K ru de ne r 1
v , ,

a re o n ly ridicul o us .

I do no t na m e e ith e r S p a i n o r P o rtug a l b e c a us e in re sp e ct ,

o f phil o s o phy l e tt e rs a nd sci e n c e th e s e t w o c o u ntri e s h a v e m a d e

, , ,

n o pr o gr e ss si n c e t he fift e e nth c e n tu ry .

I n Fr a n c e t he g e nius o f t he e x a ct sci e nc e s by t he prid e and

, ,

t he r e a l supr e m a cy it h as a ssum e d h as a nnihil a t e d t he spirit o f ,

s e ct by c o v e ri ng all syst e ms with sc o rn The i ntr o ducti o n o f t he .

phil o s o phy o f B a c o n o f L o ck e and o f N e wt o n c o mpl e t e d by , ,

M de L apl a c e subj e ct e d a ll t he d e vic e s o f im agi nati o n t o a

.
,
2

t e st which p e rmitt e d it t o m a k e disc o ve ri e s but no t t o wand e r ,

b e y o nd b o u nds .

The i nd e cisi o n s o f M o nt a ig ne r e sti ng his mi n d o n wh at he ,

c a lls th o s e t w o pill o ws so s o ft fo r a w e ll m ad e h e a d ig no ra nc e -

a n d h e e dl e ss ne ss pr e v e n t e d him fr o m j o i ni ng a n o f t he pr e vi o us
, y
s e cts o r fo rmi ng a ne w o ne H e discuss e s all o pi ni o ns a d o pts
,
.
,

no ne and i ntr e n ch e s hims e lf b e hi nd d o ubt a nd i n diffe r e nc e

,
.

A lm o st at t he s a m e tim e R ab e l a is in t he a tt a cks o f his , ,

r aili ng cy nic a l a nd dro ll hum o ur had i nsult e d all pre j udice s

, ,

a nd a tt a ck e d a ll b e li e fs .

I t a pp e a rs t o m e th at th e r e is a gr e a t diffe r e n c e b e twe e n
this styl e o f phil o s o phy a nd th at o f t he fo u nd e rs o f s e cts By ,
.

o rd e r o f d a t e M o nt a ig ne a nd R ab e l ais a re t he o ld e st o f o u r
,

J uli e de W ie tingho fl d aught e r o f a rich L avo nian no bl e m an ; b o rn in 1 764 ;

1
'

m arri e d at e ight e e n B ar o n o n K ru de ne r a R ussi an dipl o m at istv M ad am e v o n

A fte r 1 804 she s e em e d e ntire ly ch ange d d e vo t e d
.
,

K rude ne r had a re stl e ss y o uth .

, ,

t o aust e riti e s and to th e c o nv e rsi o n o f si nne rs I n 1 8 1 5 sh e b e c am e a cqu i nt e d with a

t he E m p e r o r A l e x and e r w ho gre w a tt a ch e d t o h e r and o v e r wh o m sh e had a gr e at

, .
,

S he w and e re d a ft e rw ards o v e r S witz e rl nd and G e r m any disturb e d th e

, ,

a sc e nd e ncy . a ,

citi e s by h e r pre dicti o ns and w as o ft e n p e rs e cut e d S he re turne d to R ussi a in 1 8 1 8

, . ,

and di e d in 1 8 2 4

P S i m o n M arqui s de L a pl ac e b o r n in 1 749 at B e au m o nt e n A ug e ( C alv ad o s )

.

2 - -
, , ,

A m e m b e r o f the I nstitut
.

w as t s e v e n t e e n y e ars o f age P r o fe ss o r o f M ath e m atics

a

fro m its fo u nd ati o n M i nist e r o fthe I nt e ri o r aft e r the 1 8th Bru m aire S e nat o r
.

P r e sid e nt o f the S e nat e p e e r o f F r anc e

, ,

H e di e d in 1 82 7
, .
 TH E YE A R S P RE CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 63

Fre nch phil o s o ph e rs but the y a re no t t he f u nd e rs o f sch o o ls ,

o .

The ir pyrrh o nism thre w i nt o id e a s a vagu e ne ss a n u nc e rt ai nty , ,

t he r e sul t s o f which m a k e th e m p a rtly r e sp o nsibl e fo r th a t

c o nfusi o n w e h ave s e e n in t he l a st c e ntury Thus t he wri t e rs .

w ho h av e c o m e n e a r e st t o th e m h av e ne v e r pre t e nd e d t o b e
t he e xp o ne nts o f a ny d o ctri ne wh a t e v e r The disp o siti o n t o .

d o ub t a nd the spirit o f s e ct a re di a m e tric a lly o pp o s e d

, .

T he spirit o f s e ct has p e rh a ps l e ss o f i n c o nv e ni e n c e b e ,

c a us e it is l e ss ge ne ra l in its o bj e ct a nd b e caus e it t k e s , a

p o ss e ssi o n o f but fe w i ndividu a ls a nd in Fra nc e fo r a sh o rt , , ,

tim e o nly ; fo r t he friv o lity o f t he nati o n d o e s no t p e rmit a ny

o pi n i o n o f this na tur e t o e st ablish a l a sti ng rul e D o ubt .
,

o n t he c o ntr a ry c a n e xt e n d its e lf t o a ll a n d e ndur e

, a l o ng ,

tim e ; it is so c o nv e ni e nt th t it t a k e s p o ss e ssi o n o f all ; fo r a

is e nlight e nm e nt e ve r su ffici e ntly cl e a r fo r it ? a nd its d ange r

li e s in this b e i ng t he a im t o which o ne t e nds ; its a d n
, va

t age in this b e i ng t he p o i nt o f d e p a rture Fo r th e n o ne is

,
.

a fr id o f divi ni ng t o o quickly ; o ne
a is a fr id o f simpl o u t a e

li ne s ; i nt e llige nc e c o nt e nts its e lf with e x a mi ni ng m o d e stly in

o rd e r t o a rriv e sl o wly at c a us e s it thus ris e s by d e gre e s :

fro m o ne abstra ct id e a t o a no th e r fro m ph e no m e na t o ph e no

m e na fro m disc o v e ry t o disc o ve ry a nd fi na lly fro m truth t o
, ,

truth .

This m e th o d w no t fully u nd e rst o o d o r f i thfully fo ll o we d as a

u ntil the e ight e e nth c e ntury fo r up t o this tim e Franc e w as wh o lly ,

C a rt e si a n The sch o o ls t he A c a d e my o fS ci e nc e s e v e n F o nt e ne lle

.
, ,

a nd M a ir a n w e r e c o nsist e ntly fa i t hful t o D e sc rt e s

,
I r e m e mb e r a .
,

a nd p e rh a ps I a l o ne th a t M Duv a l my pro fe ss o r o f phil o s o phy 1

.
, ,

a t t he H a rc o urt C o ll e g e a ft e rwa rds R e ct o r o f t he U n iv e rsity , ,

h ad issu e d a littl e p a mphl e t a g a i nst N e wt o n ; D A le m b e rt

’ 2
,

i e rre D uv l b rn in 1 7 3 0 at Bre ut e vill g f N r m ndy w t tw nty

1
P a o a a a e o o a as a e

H rc urt C ll g p rincip l o f
, , ,

t w o y e rs f g a P r f ss r o f P hil s phy
a e t th o e o o o o a e a o o e e, a

th s m
e ac ll g nd R ct r f the U nive rsity
e o e e, a Th re e nu m e r us tr
e o tis s
o e ar o ea e

l ft b y him in which he e nde vo urs to r fu t e th phil s phic l the o ri s f th ti m e

e a e e o o a e o e

nd H l b ch
, ,

no t bly th o s
a f Bu ff n R uss u e o H di d in 1 79 7
o o ea a o a e e

J n L e r nd d A le m b t w s th e n f M d m d T ncin nd fthe C h v li e r
.
, , .

2 ’
ea o er a so o a a e e e a o e a

D st e ch s ffi c r f artill ry A b and n d t his b irth h w t k e n nd b r ught up

ou e o e o e o e a e as a a o

H is n m e c m e fr m th f ct th t he w fo und n the
, .
,

b y f m ily fw rki ng p e pl
a a o o o e a a o e a a as o

st ps f th church S i nt J n L r nd which is n w d e str y d H e s n m d hi m s lf

.

e o e a -
ea e o o o e oo a e e

nt r d t h A c d m y f S ci e nc e s in 1 744
.
,

n o tic d b y his l ve
e f sci n c o o e nd t h e, e e e e a e o a e
F r n ch A c d m y in 1 7 5 4
,

e a C l s ly ss o ci t e d with V lt ir
e n d D id e r t he j o i n d
. o e a a o a e a o , e

with th e m in th public tio n fthe E n y l p di H e di e d in 1 783

e a o c c o a a . .
64 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

M aup e rtuis C lairau lt a nd V o lt a ire all fo ur v e ry y o u ng w e re

,
1
,
2
, ,

t he fi rst ap o stl e s o f t he ne w phil o s o phy Th a nks t o th e m t he .

,

phil o s o phy o f N e wt o n o r r ath e r the syst e m o f N ature has , ,

triumph e d Th anks t o th e m o nc e m o re t he phil o s o phy o f B a c o n

.

w a s a ppli e d t o sci e nc e a nd sh e d t he bright e st light th e r e o n This .

w as t he m o st brilli a nt sid e o ft he phil o s o phy o ft he e ight e e n th ce n

tury but its gl o ry b e c o m e s o bscure d wh e n o ne l o o ks up o n its
m o ra l i nflu e n c e and a b o v e a ll up o n its rav age s in m o ra l sci e nc e
, , , .

V o lt a ir e it s e ms t o m e has p e rfe ctly tra c e d t he ch a r a ct e r

,
e ,

a n d missi o n o f tru e phil o s o phy .

Phil o s o phy s a id he is simpl e ; she is t ranqu il w itho u t e nvy

,
”
,
“
, ,

with o ut a mbiti o n she m e dit at e s in p e a c e far fro m t he luxury , ,

t he tumult a nd t he i ntrigu e s o f t he w o rld she is i n dulg e nt sh e ,

is c o mp assi o nat e ; he r pure h a nd h o lds the t o rch which is t o

e nlight e n m e n ; she ne v e r m a k e s u se o f it t o ki nd l e a c o nfl a
g rat io n in a ny pl a c e o n e a rth ; he r v o ic e is fe e bl e but m a k e s ,

its e lf h e a rd she s ays she re p e ats W o rship Go d s e rve ki ngs , , ,

l o v e m anki nd .
’

The b e a utiful ch a r a ct e r o f this phil o s o phy is fo u nd in a ll t h e

writi ngs o f L o ck e o f M o nt e squi e u a nd o f C av e ndish T he s e , ,
.
3

tru e s ag e s a lways prud e nt in th e ir b o ld ne ss h ave c o n st antly

, ,

re sp e ct e d a nd o ft e n stre ngth e ne d t he e t e r nal fo u nd ati o ns o n

, ,

which t he m o r a ls o f m anki nd re st But s o m e o f th e ir discipl e s .

,

l e ss e nlight e ne d a nd c o ns e qu e ntly l e ss circumsp e ct ha ve by , , ,

di nt o f re s e arch e s sh a k e n all t he b as e s o f t he s o ci a l o rd e r ,
.

Wh e n in the s e na t e o f R o m e th e y w e r e d e lib e r ati ng o n t he

, ,

pu nishm e nt m e rit e d by the a cco mplic e s o f Catili ne C aes a r , ,

r e a s o ni ng in t he phil o s o phy o f t he e ight e e nth c e ntury and p re ,

s e nti ng a bstra ct pri ncipl e s in o rd e r t o dra w p o litic a l c o nclusi o ns

M r u d M up rtuis b r t S i t M l 69 8 di d i ffi c r f
1
o ea e i a 75 9 ; e o n a a n -
a o n 1 e n 1 o e o

l ft th rm y f th study d t r d th A c d m y f S ci c s
, ,

c v lry H s
a a . e oon e e a or e , an en e e e a e o en e
i
n 1 7 3 2 I 73 6 h t t n 1 sci tific x p diti t th p l r r gi s M m b r
e se ou on a en e e on o e o a e on e e
f th F r ch A c d m y i
. .
,

o e en 74 3 h l ft f B rli i 74 5 wh r Ki g F r d ric
a e n 1 e e or e n n 1 e e n e e
m d him P r sid t f th A c d m y
, ,

na e It w
e th r th t h h d his f m us d b t
en o e a e . as e e a e a a o e a es

with V o lt ire Th e y w e r e publish d in 1 85 6 u nd e r the n m e f L if f M p rt i

a . e ,
a o e o au e u s,

by L B a m e ll in s m ll vo lu m v e ry i nt e r sti ng o n cco un t f c e rt i n l e tt e rs
a e u e, a a e, e a o a

o f F re d rick s c n t i n d in it
’
e o a e

A l e xis C l i lt b rn in 1 7 1 3 at P ris stro no m e r nd m th m tici n e nt e re d

.

2
a rau o a a a a e a a

t he A c d e m y f S ci nc s t e ight
, , ,

a n y
o rs f g H e di d in 1 7 6 5
e e a ee ea o a e e

H nry C ve ndish illustri o us E nglish physici an nd ch e m ist b o rn at N ic e in

. .

3
e a , a ,

1 7 3 1 b e l ng d t o y u ng r b r nch o f the f m ily f th D uk e s o f D vo nshir H

o e a o e a a o e e e. e

dm itt e d in 1 760 t o t h R y l S ci e ty f L o nd o n and in 1 803 w as as so ci t e

,

w as a e o a o o , , ,
a

o f the I nstitut e o fF ranc e H e di e d in 1 8 1 0 . .

66 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

sop hica l m ind ; this is a t ru th tha t I m u st ow n . I f he ha d o p e ne d

his h a nd wid e r p e rh a ps he wo uld h ave le t fa ll a fe w o th e rs o f
,

t he s a m e ki nd which t o — ,
day c o ntr a ry t o his o pi ni o n are p ro
, , ,

fe ss e d in o u r sch o o ls .

A ll th a t I h av e j ust s aid l e ads m e t o thi n k th at t he p e culi a r

ch a ra ct e r o f t he phil o s o phy o f t he e ight e e nth c e ntury li e s in the
u se o f a nalysis ; us e ful wh e n a ppli e d t o physic a l sci e n c e s
, inc o m

p le t e wh ,
e n a ppli e d t o m o r a l sci e nc e s d a ng e r o us wh e n a ppli e d ,

t o s o ci a l o rd e r .

Thus in all I h ave writt e n a nd in all I sh a ll writ e the o bj e ct ,

t o which t he m e th o d o f a n a lysis sh a ll b e a ppli e d will p o i nt o u t ,

with o ut my b e i ng o blige d t o re m a rk it wh e th e r t he na m e o f ,

phil o s o ph e r is t o b e t a k e n in go o d o r in b a d p a rt .

The imp o rt anc e which e c o no mic phil o s o ph e rs h av e e nj o y e d

fo r ne a rly thirty y e a rs d e m ands th at I sh o uld sp e a k o f th e m in
,

a sp e ci a l m a nne r .

The e c o no mists w e r e a s e cti o n o f phil o s o ph e rs s o l e ly o c c u

pi e d in drawi ng fro m the a dmi nistra ti o n a ll the m e ans o f
a m e li o r a ti o n o f which th e y b e li e v e d t he s o ci a l o rd e r w a s su sc e p

tibl e Th e y we re divid e d i nt o t w o cl a ss e s t he o ne l o o k e d up o n
.

agricultur e as t he o nly cr e a t o r o f rich e s a nd tr e a t e d i ndustri a l ,

l ab o ur a nd c o mm e rc e as st e ril e u nd e r t he pl e a th a t th e y o nly
,

cr e at e d ne w fo rms and ch ange s in t he m at e ri a ls pro duc e d a nd

cre at e d by a griculture The d o ctri ne o f this fi rst cl a ss o f
.

e c o no mists is c a ll e d t he d o ctri ne o f t he ne tt r e sult a nd is se t ,

fo rth in t he Ta blea u Econom igu e The o bj e ct o f this wo rk is t o

.
1

sh o w the distributi o n o f t he rich e s pro duc e d by a griculture and .

,

spre a di ng th e nc e i nto all t he a rt e ri e s o f t he s o ci a l b o dy The .

c o ns e qu e nc e s o f th e s e d o ctri ne s fo ll o wi ng t he circul ati o n o f

w e a lth e nd in t he th e o ry o f t a x ati o n which e ve ntu a lly s a ddl e s
, ,

agricultur e e xclusiv e ly .

The lib e rty o f c o mm e rc e is a lm o st t he o nly p o i nt up o n which

this fi rst cl a ss o f e c o no mists is in h arm o ny with t he e co no mists
ab o ut wh o m I a m g o i ng t o sp e a k The l att e r did no t a d o pt t he
.

divisi o n o f st e ril e cl a ss e s ; th e y did no t l o o k up o n t he Ta blea u

Econoin igue as a strict o r e v e n su ffici e nt d e m o nstrati o n o f t he
1
Th e Ta blea u Econom iqu e, in which is se t f rth the physi o cr atic do ctri ne is the
o

e na , 1 694—
Qu s y
,

w ork o f the physici

an 1 774 , f u nd e r and h e ad o f th at sch o l
o o .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 67

ph e no m e na o f circul ati o n Th e y r e strict th e ms e lve s in this re

.

sp e ct t o s o m e truths o fd e t ail Th e ir gre a t pri ncipl e is the g e ne ra l

.

lib e rty o f trad e in t he m o st e xt e nd e d s e ns e A s fo r t ax ati o n .

,

th e y a cc e pt m o difi c a tio ns—th e y a re no t abs o lut e .

The g o v e r nm e nt r e j e ct e d t he id e a s o f t he e c o no mists o f
a ny sch o o l wh at e v e r ; th e y pr e fe rr e d k no w n a nd e st ablish e d

pri ncipl e s Th e y fe a re d ch ange s which might i nte rfe re with t he

.

e xisti ng m e th o d o f t a x a ti o n a nd with t he r e gul a r fl o w o f t he

,

re ve nu e thus o bt a i ne d i nt o t he ro y a l tre a sury Th e ir fe a r o f .

s o m e dimi nuti o n in t he re v e nu e s o f t he S t at e w as such a s t o

pre v e nt th e ir riski ng a ny m e ans o f i ncre asi ng th e m S uch sh o rt .

sight e d a nd narro w vi e ws w e re ne c e ss a rily pro hibitive .

I t w as no t ye t k no w n th a t a fe w i nc o nt e st abl e pri ncipl e s

o f p o litic a l e c o no my b e sid e s a re as o nabl e u se o f public
,

cre dit c o nstitut e t he wh o l e sci e nc e o f fi na n ci a l a dmi nistr at i o n

, .

Public cre dit wo uld h ave dimi nish e d t he i nc o nv e ni e nc e which

might h ave re sulte d fro m t o o stric t a n applic ati o n o fthe pri ncipl e s
o f p o litic a l e c o no my t he pri ncipl e s o f p o litic a l e c o no my w o uld
h ave e nlight e ne d and m o d e rat e d t he e nt e rpris e s o f public cre dit .

M Turg o t in e st ablishi ng t he Disc o u nt B a nk a pp e ars t o h av e

.
, ,

fo re s e e n t he a dvant age s o f this b e ne fici a l a lli anc e H e gr asp e d .

t he m e th o d which c a rri e s t he gr e a t e st a id t o a ll i ndustri e s by ,

m a i nta i ni ng t he pric e o f m o ne y at a m o d e ra t e rat e but he we nt

no fa rth e r . The m o d e r n a rt o f pr o curi n g fo r t he S t a t e with o ut ,

r aisi ng t a x e s e xtrao rdi na ry l e vi e s o f m o ne y at a lo w rat e

, ,

a nd o f distributi ng t he burd e n o v e r a succ e ssi o n o f y e a rs w as ,

u nk no w n t o him o r if he k ne w it p e rh a ps he p e rc e ive d in its

, , , ,

a pplic a ti o n futur e di f
,
fi culti e s which t he Fr e n ch dmi n istra ti o n a ,

a lw ays t o o la x a nd i ncli ne d t o a bus e might s o m e day r e nd e r ,

d a nge ro us B e sid e s t o b o rro w c o nti nu lly whil e p ayi ng d e bts

.
,
a

a s c o n st a ntly b e l o nge d t o an o rd e r o f id e a s t o t a lly o pp o s e d

,

t o t he pur e d o ctri ne o f t he e c o no mists F o r t o issu e a nd r e p a y

.
,

l o ans r e quire s t he t e mp o rary u se o f m o ne ys fo r th at sp ci a l o bj e ct

, e

t ak e n fro m a cl a ss o f S t at e re ve nu e s disti nct fro m the l a nd

t ax e s which a re i nt e nd e d t o m e e t a p e rm ane nt and sp e ci a l
e xp e n ditur e But t o att a i n th a t e nd v ri o us a rticl e s o f c o n
.
, ,
a

sumpti o n sh o uld b e t a x e d chi e fly th o s e which b e l o ngi ng t o

, ,

t he c o mfo rts o f life a re o nly in u e a m o ngflm e n w ho a re in

‘

,
s

F 2
68 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

luxuri o us o r at l e ast w e ll t o do circums t a nc e s I n this cl ass t he

, ,
- -
.
,

a rticl e s I sp e a k o f a re m e a sur e d by t he r e s o urc e s o f e a ch c o n

sum e r a nd if the re quire m e nts o f t he l a tt e r b e c o m e t o o gre a t t o o

, ,

imp e rat iv e th e r e is r e as o n t o b e li e ve th at c o mfo rt w o uld b e c o m e

,

m o re e x a cti ng a nd fi nd c o mp e ns ati o n in t he p e rfe cti o n o f

i ndustri a l pr o ducti o n th e limits o f which a re u nk no w n it is tru e ,

th a t if it w e re limit e d th o s e fi nanci a l a dmi nistr ati o ns which ha d ,

n o t fo r e s e e n it w o uld b e in d an g e r o f fi ndi ng th e ms e lv e s in
,

tr o ubl e .

This pr o lific subj e ct might l e a d m e a l o ng w ay fo r it is full ,

o f ch a rm f or me I t r e c alls t o m e a ll th at I l e a r ne d in t he c o n
.

v e rs ati o n a nd in t he m e m o irs o f a m a n wh o s e tru e v alu e t he

E nglish h ave a cqu ai nt e d us with M P a nc hau d has s a id a . .

th o us and tim e s t o M de C a l o nne M de M e ilh a n M F o ul o n .

, .
, .
,

M L o uis a nd mys e lf : I n the p resen t st te f E u rope ou t f

.
1
,
“
a o ,
o

t he t w o cou n t ries, F ra nce a nd E ng la nd, tha t w hich follo w s exa c tl

y
”
t he s inhing sche m e w h ich I p p ro ose w ill see the e nd o f the o the r .

Th e s e w e re his o w n w o rds E ngl a nd a d o pt e d his d o ctri ne and .

,

so f r thirty y e a rs h a s dir e ct e d a ll t he m o v e m e nts o f Eur o p e

o .

M P a nc ha u d w as a n e xtrao rdi na ry m an ; he had a t o nc e t he

.

m o s t rd e nt bro ad a nd vig o ro us mi nd a nd a p e rfe ct j udgm e nt

a , , , .

H e ha d e v e ry ki nd o f e l o qu e nc e I f a n e qu a l a nd abu nd a n t .

pro p o rti o n o f p e rc e ptiv e a nd re as o ni ng p o w e rs c o nstit ut e ge nius ,

P a nc hau d w as a m a n o f g e nius O f his g e ne r o sity c an d o ur a nd , ,

g ai e ty th o us ands o f i nst a nc e s o ccur t o m e which it we r e pl e as ant

,

t o giv e h e r e .

But I must r e fra i n in o rd e r no t t o i nt e rrupt t o o l o ng t he o rd e r

, ,

o f id e a s which I h a d pr e scrib e d t o mys e lf a nd I fe a r I h a v e ,

a lr dy s o m e c a us e fo r r e pr o a ch fo r h avi ng sp o k e n o f the
ea

i nflu e nc e o f t he phil o s o ph e rs a nd t he e c o no mists o n t he brilli ant

a n d a mbiti o us p o rti o n o f t he cl e rgy l o n g b e fo r e I h ad e xpl a i ne d ,

uis D o m i niqu e c ll d th B r n L uis w as b o rn t P ris N o v m be r 1 3

1
Lo ,
a e e a o o ,
a a , e ,

I 75 7 H e w s d sti ne d f th church
. a nd w e c u ns ll r cl rk in p l m n t H e
or e ,
a as o e o -
e ar e e .

w asi nti m t e ly ss ci t d with T ll yr nd wh o m b e assist d as u nd r d c n t the

a a o a e a e a , e e -
ea o a

M ss o f th F d r ti n
a He w
e pp i nt d m i nist r t D e nm rk ( 1 79 2 ) m igr t e d
e e a o . as a o e e o a e a

in 1 7 9 3 R e turn d to F r n c e ft e r th C nsul t e h w s m t/ r d r g ét
e a a t t he e o a e a a e es e u es o

C u nc i l f S t t C u ncill r f S t t e
.
,

o o a e M i n ist r f F i n n c s in 1 8 1 4
o o o a e o a e

f S t t e m m b r o f the P rivy C u n cil

,

1 81 5 nd in 1 8 1 8 M in ist r
a e I n 1 82 2 h w as
o a e e o e

d priv d f ll his p sts A s d puty he t o o k his s e t in th L ib r l p rty I n 1 83 1

, , , , .
,

e e o a o . a e , a e e a a .
,

h w as ag in M i ni t e r fF i n nc e s w as cr e t d
e a sp e r f F r nc in 1 83 2 and di e d in
o a , a e a e o a e ,

1 83 7 .
70 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

o ught h ave m a d e a pro fo u nd impre ssi o n o n t he qu e e n

to ,

a nd t o h av e e nlight e ne d h e r as t o t he ch a ra ct e r o f t he
p e rs o n up o n wh o m she had b e st o w e d he r c o nfid e nc e But .

fa t ality pre v e nt e d this h a rd l e ss o n fro m h avi ng the e ffe ct o ne

might h av e e xp e ct e d she did no t ch a nge he r c o u ns e ll o rs ;
t he B a r o n de Bre t e uil a nd the A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e
o n ly ga i ne d in p o w e r a nd t he qu e e n ag a i n all o wi ng ,

h e rs e lf t o b e c a rri e d a w ay by the frivo l o us e xcit e m e nt which

surro u nd e d he r s atisfi e d h e rs e lf with sp e aki ng with sc o r n o f ,

A bbé G e o rge l with sh a rp ne ss o f M M F rét e a u ,

L o u is L e
1
.
,
2
,

Co ig ne ux de C a bre a n d with sh o wi ng displ e a sur e t o w a rds

,
3
,
4

th o s e w ho we re a ss o ci at e d with M a d a m e de Bri o nne and he r

d aught e rs This p e tty re ve nge w as e xt e nd e d e ve n t o m e a nd I
.
,

e xp e ri e nc e d s o m e di f ficulty in o bt a i ni ng t he pl a c e s t o which I
w as na tur a lly c a ll e d The a ffe cti o n o f M a d am e de Bri o nne a nd he r .

l dy f high birth but o f d o ubtful m o rality M ad am e de la M o tt e V l o i s wish e d to

a o , ,
-
a

appr o pri at it S h succe d d in p rsu di ng C rdi n l de R o h n who had r e ce ntly

e . e e e e a a a a

i ncurre d th displ e asur e o f M ri A nt i ne tt e th t the qu e e n h d o nly r e fus d the

,

e a e- o ,
a a e

n ckl c e in pp e r n c
e a nd in rd r to
a v id the sc nd l f the e xc ssive xp e ns e
a a e, a o e a o a a o e e ,

but th t she w o uld b e v e ry gr t ful if he w o ul d s e cre tly f cilit t e the purch s e Th

a a e a a a . e

c rdi n l co nvi nc d b ught th ne ckl c e o n cre dit nd g ve it to M d m de l M tt e

a a ,
e , o e a ,
a a a a e a o

t o giv e to th e qu n M d m e d l M o tt e h st e ne d to s e ll it in E ngl n d
ee . aTh e f f ir
a e a a a . a a

s o n g t br d thro ugh th c m pl i nts f B o h m r who h d no t b e e n p i d The

o o a oa e o a o e e a a .

c rdi nal nd M d m e de l M o tt e w e re rre st e d nd d e no un ce d to p rl m nt which

a a a a a a , a a e e ,

a cquitt d the fo r m r and c o nvict e d th l tt r Th y w o rd d th e ir v e rdict in such

e e e a e . e e a

m nn r s t thr w
a e a do ubt o n th i nn c e nce o f the qu e n
o o a e o e

A bb e j e an F r nco is G e rge l b o rn t Bruy ere s ( Lo rr i ne ) in 1 73 1 was t

.

'
1
a o a a a

first P ro fe ss o r o f M th e m tics at S tr sb o urg C ardi n l de R o h n t o o k him to V i e nn

, ,

a a a . a a a

s s e cr e t ry o f the e m b ssy O n his r e turn h e w s app o i nt e d vic r g ne r al at

'

a a a a a -
e

S tr sb urg I n the affai r o f the n ckl ac he re nde re d th gre t e st s e rvice t the

.
,

a o . e e, e a o

c rdi n l by burni ng his p p e rs nd writi ng his d f nc e H e w s hi m s e lf e xil e d to

a a a a e e . a

M o rt gne h e e m igrat e d in 1 793 re tur ne d to F r an ce in 1 7 99 re fus e d a bis ho pric w s

a a

A bb é G e orgel l ft s o m e
, , ,

n m e d vic r g ne r l
a f the V sg s
a -
H e di e d in 1 8 1 3
e a o o e . . e

m e m o i rs e xt ndi ng fr o m 1 7 60 t 1 8 1 0 ( P ris 1 8 1 7 6 v o ls in
e o a

E m m anu e l F ret u de S ai nt j ust w

.
, ,
2
b o rn in 1 745 C o u ns ll r o fp rl ment in
ea , as . e o a e

1 765 I n th af f ir f the n ckl c he t o k the p rt o f the c ardi n l

e a o H w s im e a e o a a e a

pris ne d ft e r the s e ssi o n o f N o v m b r 1 7 1 78 7 D puty o fthe no bility t th S t t e s

. .

o a e e , . e o e a

G e n r l he e m brace d the c us e o f the Third E st at e ; he w s twice P re sid nt f the

e a a a e o

A ss e m bly H e re tir d to the co untry aft e r A ugust 1 0 A rre st d in 1 794 he was

,

e e
guill o t ine d o n J u n 1 4 th
. . ,

e .

M rquis L c o ign x de B e l br e was r c e ive d as C o u ns e ll o r t o p rl m ent in

3
a e eu a e a e

1 7 77 H e w s a d sc e nd nt o f t he first pr sid e nt L e c igne ux w ho liv e d t the

. a e a e o ,
a

c m m e nc e m e nt o f the se ve nt e e nth c ntury nd wh o s e so n was the c e l br t e d

o e ,
a e a

B ac haum o nt
A bé S b ti r S cr t ry
.

4 b a a e de C a e was e e a o f the E m a at T n M n br b ssy uri i ist e r t a

S t t rsburg ir ct r
.

i g
L e e
' ’
Cha rge d af a ires at Pe e D e o o f the o n a e . . c sul t s t the a

Mn i istry ri
o f M a ne H e was a so e t o th e pa rlem e nt H e em dvi ry cl rk br c e d a

A rr st d u d r
.

with rd ur
a o c us
the a e o f t he R e o on e e n e t he R e n o f Te v luti ig rro r he ,

c f u d with A bbé
.

esc p d
a e sc f ld
th e a f
o i d
an d d e in 1 8 1 6 He m no t b e o n o nde ust
S ir
.

ab at e str j ur list pr t ct d by
de C a e , a o na o e e V e e nne , wh o a o a e a rg s ls pl y d ce rt i n a

p rt p rli
a t ry
in a am e n a irs
af fa ( 1 74 2
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
71

d aught e rs t he Pri nc e ss e de Ca rig nan a nd t he Pri n c e ss e C h arl o tt e

,

o f L o rr a i ne i nd e m nifi e d m e l a rg e ly fo r all t he o pp o siti o n I

,

e xp e ri e n c e d in my c a r e e r The b e auty o f a w o m an he r n o bl e .
,

prid e mi ngl e d with the pre stig e o f a n illustri o us and fa m o us race ,

s o o ft e n ne a r t he thr o ne e ith e r as e ne my o r as supp o rt a dds a

‘

sp e ci l ch arm t o t he s e ntim e nts which she i nspire s I thus

a .

re m e mb e r t he tim e o f my disfavo ur at c o urt with m o re pl e asure

th n m any o f the fo rtu nat e circumst anc e s in which I h ave b e e n
a

pl a c e d in life and which h ave l e ft no tra c e s e ith e r in my mi nd

,

or o n my h e a r t I sc a rc e ly r e c o ll e ct th at t he qu e e n pr e v e nt e d
.

my pro fiti ng by a gre at ac t o f ki nd ne ss o f Gust avus I I I w ho .

1
,

h a d bt a i ne d fo r m e a c a rdi na l s hat fr o m P o p e Pius V I S he 2

’
o .

t o ld M de M e rcy t o a dvis e the c o urt o f V i e nna t o o pp o s e t he

.

no mi na ti o n o f a Fr e nch c a rdi n l b e fo r e t he pr o m o ti o n o f t he a

c ro w n rdina l
ca H e r wish e s w e r e fulfill e d t he no mi na ti o n o f
s .
3
,

t he P o p e susp e nd e d a nd it is pr o b abl e th a t si nc e th a t tim e , , ,

my c a rdi na l s hat has p ass e d s o m e y e a rs in Fre nch f rtre ss e s

’
o .

The ne w spirit i ntr o duc e d i nt o t he p rl m e nt h avi ng s o w n t he a e

s e e ds o f disc o nt e nt a nd a mbiti o n a m o ngst t he m e mb e rs c o m

p o si ng this a nci e nt b o dy i ntrigu e p e ne tra t e d e ve rywhe re M ,

. .

N e ck e r M de C a l o nne M de Bre t e uil e a ch had th e ir cre ature s

,
.
, .
,

w h o d e f nd e d o r a tt a ck e d t he m e a sur e s o f t he mi nist e r wh o m
e

th y wish e d t o sust a i n o r o ve rthro w E a ch d y saw t he gre at

e . a

m agistra cy fa rth e r e str ang e d fro m t he ro y a l au t h o rity t o ,

which in t he b e st tim e s o f t he m o na rchy it ha d b e e n c o nst antly ,

a t t a ch e d Eve n p rit de o rp no l o nge r e xist e d t he d e m and o f

es c s

t he S t t e s —
.

a G ne r l m a d e a littl e m o r e th a n a m o nth aft e rwa rds is

e a , ,

a pr o o f o f this A n a l a rmi ng numb e r o f sc a tt e r e d o pi ni o ns which

.

1
Gust vus I I I Ki g f S w d
a . d succ ss r f A d lphus F r d rick B r n
n o e e n, so n an e o o o e e . o

u t d
in 1 74 6 , b e m o n e thr
th e o n e in 1 77 1 ss ssi t c spir cy
H e w as a a na e d in a o n . a

ility
o ft he n o b rch
Ma l ft
1 6 , 1 79 2 thr
H e e the his Gust vus
o ne t o so n, a IV .

Ki g S w d Gust vus
, .

2
p ius
Po e P VIg v c rdi l r c pti
a e a o a .e e o n t o t he n of e en, a III , .

d uri g visit which

n a l tt r p i
th e a e t ly s u ht
a d to I a s
He o g i g p rticul rly
a m e an o fb e n a a

A
.

agr l
e e ab e t o him , and acc rd d o e pr is
h im th e c rdi l s
om e of a a na
’
hat fo r the b b e de
’

rig rd
P e o , fo r wh Gust vus
om a s licit d it
I I I had o e tir ly f v ur
I t w as e n e a a o a nd all

n e —( M de B acou rt )
. , .

r r rk l th t it
th e m o e e m a ab e a st w up
w as b e o e d r t st t pri c
on a P o e an .

3
p lw ys r s rv d
The P o e h as a a e e xclusiv right
e the e i g
e c rdi ls S
o f nam n th e a na om e .

ti s c rt i
me e th lic s v r ig s
a n Ca o o e e Ki g
n , th e r c n p r r G r y
o f F a n e , th e E m e o of e m an , th e

Ki g S p i
n of Ki g
a n, t he l d S tu rts
n o f P o an , t h e t i d
a , h
right
ad o b a ne i g
th e o f na m n , o r

r th r pr s ti g
a e e en n i ti p lw ys s cti d th ir ch ic
t o t he no m na o n o f the P o e , wh o a a an o ne e o e,

a c rt i u r c rdi ls
e a n n mbe of a w r
na , w h o d c s qu c
e e n am e , in on e e n e , t he ca rdin a ls of the

c row n s . h y w r ssi il t d with

T e e e a m a e th r c rdi ls
t he o e ar pr s t d th ir
na , an d e e en e e

s v r ig s
o e e n at thep p l l cti s
a a e e on .
72 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

did no t a l ways t ak e th e ir st and u nd e r t he c o l o ur o f any p arty ,

c aus e d anxi e ty t o t he mi nistry o n the r e gist e ri ng o f e a ch law

th at t he ne e ds o f t he S t at e a pp e a re d t o re quire .

M de C a l o nne brav e d this st at e o f a ffa irs and i nsist e d o n

.
,

bri ngi ng b e fo re t he p a rle m e nt a law o n a ve ry d e lic at e m atte r

which re quire d a m a ss o f i nfo rm ati o n which he l ck e d a .

The r e l ativ e v a lu e a d o pt e d in g o ld a nd silv e r m o ne y in

t he r e c o i nag e o f 1 7 2 6 w as no l o ng e r in c o nfo rmity with t he ,

m a rk e t abl e va lu e o f go ld a nd silve r m e t al A m a rk o f g o ld .

in t he i ng o t o f t he s a m e st a n d ard a s t he l o uis s o ld fo r
, ,

m o re th an s e ve n hu ndre d a nd twe nty liv res ye t the s a m e ,

m a rk o f go ld m a d e i nt o l o uis yi e ld e d o nly thirty such c o i ns

e quiv a l e nt t o s e v e n hu ndr e d a nd tw e nty liv res I t w as ne c e s .

s ary th e n t o give t o go ld c o i n in its re l ati o n t o silve r c o i n , ,

a pr o p o rti o n m o r e ne a rly a ppr o a chi ng t he v a lu e it ha d r e l a tiv e ly

t o silv e r in t he i ng o t By t he law o f 1 7 2 6 the pro p o rti o n o f

%
,
.

go ld t o silv e r w as fr o m I t o 1 4 t o fr o m I t o ve ry
ne a rly By t he law o f which I a m no w sp e a ki ng the pro p o r
.
,

ti o n o f g o ld t o silv e r w as r ais e d t o fro m I t o 1 5 o r ne a rly

fro m 1 to
M de C a l o nne had a d o pt e d with r e g a rd t o this t he
.

o pi n i o n o f M de M a din ie r a br o k e r w ho w as b e tt e r v e rs e d in
.
, ,

c o mm e rci a l trans a cti o ns th an in t he p o w e r o f m anag e m e nt , ,

which a go v e r nm e nt o ught a lways t o p o ss e ss wh e n it

d e als with m o ne y I t must b e sh o wn t o the public by .
,

figu re s and a l o ng tim e in adva nc e th at t he re c o i nage is d o ne

, ,

in its i nt e r e sts I n imp o rt a nt a ffa irs t he r e pr o a ch o f b e i ng sl o w

.
,

c o nt e nts e ve ryb o dy ; it give s t o th o s e w ho m a k e it a n a ir o f

sup e ri o rity a nd t o th o s e w ho re c e ive it a n air o f prud e nc e
,
.

M de Cal o nne w as right but his pre cipit ati o n g ave him t he
.
,

a pp e a r a nc e o f b e i ng wr o ng B a ro n de Br e t e uil F o ul o n littl e .
, ,

F o rni e r h awk e d ab o ut m e m o ir a ft e r m e m o ir A bbé de V e rm o nd

,
1

g ave th e m t o the qu e e n w ho s e nt th e m t o t he ki ng The .

pa rle m e nt h avi ng b e c o m e a n i nstrum e nt o f i ntrigu e m ad e

, ,

Th A bb é M thi u d V m
1
e dw th a f vill g surg
e e B i 73 5
er on as e so n o a a e e o n. o rn n 1

d ct r i h S rb
,

h w
e r c iv d
as e e e asi 75 7 oH o tt ch d hi m s lf t h
n t e o o nne n 1 . e a a e e o t e
fo rtu n s f the C r di n l de Bri nne w s in 1 769 s e n t to V i e nn b y C h o is ul as
e o a a e , a ,
a e

re d r to the future d uphi ne ss H m nag e d t b t i n th c nfide nc f the

a e a . e a o o a e o e o

e m pr e ss nd o f t he rchduch ss and g i n d gr e t i nflu e nc e o v e r th e m H e

a a e ,
a e a a .

e m igr t e d in 1 7 90
a nd di e d s o o n ft e r t V i e nn
,
a a a a.
74 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

j ustifi e d t he r e fo rm o f t he law o f 1 7 2 6 and c o nse qu e ntly w itho u t ,

'

h avi ng put hims e lf in a p o siti o n t o r e ply t o a ll the o bj e cti o ns

r a is e d by sc e ptic a l o r ig no ra nt p e rs o ns H e a chi e v e d his aim .
,

a lth o ugh h e did no t d e s e rv e a ll t he cr e dit o f it .

L o uis X V I e nc o urage d by the o pi ni o n o f M de V e rge nne s

.
, .
,

displ ay e d a ve ry stro ng will o n this o cc asi o n The re m o nstra nc e s .

o f t he p a rle m nt w e r e with o ut e ffe ct M a d a m e A d e l aid e a u nt o f

e .
,

t he ki ng t o wh o m M a d a m e de N a rbo nne had h and e d a v e ry 1

,

l e a rne d m e m o ir o n this subj e ct w as no t e ve n abl e t o pre ve nt ,

t he e xil e o f F o ul o n This u nfo rtu na t e m a n w a s b an ish e d t o o ne

.

o f his e st t e s in A nj o u a n d r e tur ne d a f
a e w y e a rs a ft e rw a rds ,

o nly t o b e o n e o f t he fi rst victims o f t he R e v o luti o n .

U nr e mitti ng firm ne ss w as no t in t he na tur e o f t he ki ng ,

a nd b e sid e s he w a s ne c e ss a rily disc o ur a g e d by t he w a nt o f

h a rm o ny e xisti ng in his c o u ncil M a tt e rs b e c a m e i nvo lve d ; .

public o pi ni o n ga i ne d stre ngth ; it o p e nly c e nsure d and p ro

t e st e d I t s a cti o n w as t o o p o w e rful t o b e a rre st e d o r e ve n
.

dire ct e d ; it w a s ne a ri ng t he st e ps o f t he thro ne ; p e o pl e
a lr e a dy sp o k e o f t he mi n ist e rs a s b e i n g p o pul a r o r u n p o pul a r a ,

n e w e xpr e ssi o n which t a k e n in t he r e v o luti o na ry a cc e pt a ti o n , ,

w o uld h av e d e grad e d in th e ir o w n e y e s t he c o u ns e ll o rs o f L o uis

X I V w ho o n ly d e sir e d t he e st e e m and c o n sid e r ati o n o f t he
.
,

ki ng but which fl att e r e d t he re public a n v anity o f M N e ck e r

, .

b e c aus e it gave him a n i nflu e nc e o f his o w n .

O rdi na ry e xp e di e nts w e r e e xh aust e d it w as th o u ght th at no

m o re r e fo rms c o uld p o ssibly b e m a d e a nd ye t t he e xp e ndi t ure ,

e xc e e d e d t h e r e v e nu e by a n e no rm o us sum The d e ficit o f 1 7 8 3 .

w as m o r e th a n e ighty milli o n s M N e ck e r wh at e v e r he m ay . .
,

h ave s a id in his o ffici a l re p o rt l e ft it o n r e tiri ng at ne arly ,

s e v e nty milli o ns N o w th a t t he i nfa tu a ti o n he had a ro us e d

.

h as subsid e d e v e ryb o dy ack no wl e dg e s this as a fa ct The b o nds

, .

1
M ad e m o is e ll e de C h alus m arri e d N a o nne L a
t o the C o m e de t rb -
r brig di r
a, a e

g e ne r l S h w s m id f h o n ur Q u
,

a . e a ri a -
o -
o to e e n M a e L e c z insk a, and subs e qu ntly to e

t h d uphi n ss
e a S h w as th e m o th r
e . t e r e o f th e C o m e de N a b o nn e , M n i ist r f W r in
e o a

1 79 1 sp o k e n o f b ve a o

Th fi n nci l cc o u nt h n d e d in by N ck r w as publish d in J nu ry 1 7 8 1
.
,

e a a a a It e e e a a .

w a t he first ti m e th t t h s e cr t o f t h fi n nc s w pl c d b f r th public which ”

s a e e e a e as a e e o e e

u ntil th n w s ign r nt s t its p y m e nts t o the S t t e nd s t o th t which the

,

e a o a a o a a a a a

S t t e xp nd d Thus the e ff ct w s pr digi us N ck e r by this stro ke o f p licy

, ,

a e e e . e a o o e o ,
.
,

r e c o nqu e re d public o pi ni o n nd r e g i ne d cr e dit , a a .

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
75

o f t he R e c e iv e rs
G e ne ra l th a t o f t he tre a sure rs o f t he re gistra rs
-
, , ,

which are m ad e u se o f t o m a k e a nticip at e d p aym e nts we re ,

o nly ne g o ti a t e d a t a fe a rful l o ss The p o r t i o n s o f t he l o ans .

of M N e ck e r which did no t b e a r life annuiti e s b o re pro mis e

.
,
-
,

o f such sp e e dy r e p aym e nt a s t o e mpty t he ro y a l tre a sury .

F o r in t he y e a r 1 7 86 th o s e r e p aym e nts a m o u nt e d t o ne a rly

, ,

fi ft y thr e e milli o ns a nd th e y w e r e t o i ncr e a s e fr o m y e a r t o

-
,

y e a r u ntil 1 7 90 .

This w as no l o nge r a tim e wh e n t he r e v e nu e s o f t he S t at e

c o uld b e i ncre as e d by ab a nd o n i ng t he fisc a l l aws t o t he inte rp re
t a t io n o f c o mp a ni e s w ho k ne w ho w t o e xt e n d th e ir a pplic a ti o n
,

e v e n t o its utm o st c o ns e qu e n c e s o ve r pro p e rty a nd i ndustry .

The fo ur s o us p e r liv re l e vi e d by M de Fl e ury w as t o o gr e a t a .

burd e n fo r s e ve ra l pr o vi nc e s a nd w as l e vi e d with di ffi culty .

O ffic s o nly t o b e o bt a i ne d by purch a s e w e r e d e cli n e d

e T he .

p a r l me e nt w as u n willi ng t o r e gist e r a ny m o re l o a ns The .

public fu nds we re fa lli ng day by day The B o urs e o f P a ris .

r e c e ive d its imp e tus fr o m sp e cul ati o ns m ad e o n b e h a lf o f priv at e

e s t a blishm e nts Th e y b o ught o r s o ld s ha r e s o f t he B a n k o f
.

Disc o u nt o f t he I ndi a C o mp any o f t he wa t e r c o mp ani e s

, ,

o f P a ris o f i nsur a n c e c o mp n i e s
,
&c A s usu a l in tim s o f a , . e

c a l a mi t y g a mbli ng o ccupi e d t he a t t e nti o n o f a ll The g o ve rn

, .

m e nt tri e d t o ra is e s o m e m o ne y by o bt a i ni ng a n O rd e r in
C o u ncil a uth o risi ng t h e cr e at i o n o f l o tt e ri e s a m o u nti ng t o
s e ve r l milli o ns ; but th e s e w e a k m e ans had limits a nd no w
a ,

th e y we re re a ch e d .

M de C a l o nne thwa rt e d in a ll his o p e rati o ns att a ck e d o n

.
, ,

a ll sid e s s app e d by t he i ntrigu e s o f t he A rchbish o p o f To u

,

l o us e but h avi ng still M de V e rg e nne s a nd the ki ng o n his sid e

, .
,

b e li e ve d he wo uld b e abl e t o o ve rc o m e all t he di fficulti e s which

a ss a il e d him by r e s o rti ng t o a ne w m e th o d t he r e sult o f which ,

w as no t t o b e d e v o id o f succ e ss H e fo rm e d t h e pr o j e ct o f .

summ o ni ng a n A ss e mbly o f N o t abl e s ; he h p e d by this u n 1

o ,

e xp e ct e d a pp e a l t o r e pl a c e t he na ti o na l s a ncti o n t he r e gistr a
, ,

1
Th e A ss m bly
t bl s w e c o m pr m is e i m gin d b y th m i nist e r to
of th e N o a e as a o a e e

o bvi t n c ssity o f c nv e n in g th
a e t he e S t te s G n r l C lo nn wish d to i m po se
e o e a -
e e a . a e e

a l nd t x b t f re s i ng th r e sist nc o f th p l m nt nd f the cl rgy he

a -
a u o ee e a e e ar e e a o e

The A ss m b ly m t n F bru ry 2 2
, , ,

w nxi us t
as a fi nd supp r t in th n ti n
o o o e t
a o . e e o e a , a

V e rs ill s
a nd b ro k e up o n th 2 5 t h f M y
e ,
a e o a .
76 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

ti o n o f t he p a rle m e nt which had b e e n r e fus e d him a nd t o re g a i n

, ,

t he o pi ni o n o f t he public b e fo r e which he w as c o nfid e nt h e c o uld

,

a pp e a r with a dv a nt a g e .

A t t he v e ry fi rst sitti ng o f t he a ss e mbly he pr o p o s e d the ,

fo rm ati o n o f pr o vi nci a l a ss e mbli e s thr o ugh o ut t he ki ngd o m t he ,

suppre ssi o n o fst atut e l ab o ur o f pro vi nci a l cust o ms a nd o f s e ve ra l

-
,

duti e s c o nne ct e d with t he c o ll e cti o n o f t a x e s a nd dis a ppro ve d by

public o pi ni o n t he r e ducti o n o f t he e xcis e duti e s o n s a lt a nd the
, ,

fr e e d o m o f t he c o rn tra d e .

H e b o ldly r e s o lv e d t o i n cr e as e t he d e fi cit by t he s a c r
ifi ce o f
t e n milli o ns o n t he pr o duct o f t he s a lt duti e s o f tw e lv e milli o n s
-
,

o n t h e cust o ms a nd t he duti e s c o nn e ct e d with t he c o ll e cti o n o f

‘

t a x e s o f t e n milli o ns o n t he vill e i n t ax o f s e ve n milli o ns t o h e lp

,
-
,

t he cl e rgy t o p ay th e ir d e bts t he pri n cip a l p a rt o f which w o uld b e

,

c anc e ll e d by t he a li e na ti o n o f t he sp o rti ng rights a nd o f the ,

h o no ra ry rights a tt a ch e d t o its p o ss e ssi o n a nd in a dditi o n by , ,

a n e xp e nditur e o f t e n milli o ns t o r e pl a c e the st a tut e l ab o ur a nd -

,

o f six milli o ns fo r t he e n c o ur ag e m e n t o f a gricultur e t h e a rts a n d ,

c o mm e rc e H e fl a tt e r ed hims e lf th a t a s a c o mp e ns ati o n fo r so
.
,

m a ny a dvant ag e s he w o uld e a sily b e a ll o w e d t o ra is e o r re pl a c e

,

a r e ve nu e a m o u nti ng t o fro m o ne hu ndr e d and t e n t o o ne

hu ndre d a nd tw e lve milli o ns .

H e c o uld a lr e a dy r e ck o n o n fifty o f th e m in t he r e gul a r r e c e ipt

o f t he t w o tw e nti e ths o f t h e ne t r e v e n u e o f a ll t he l a nd e d
-

pro p e rty in Fra nc e The i ncre a s e o f this t ax pro c e e d e d fro m

.

t he pr o p o s a l o f M de C a l o nne t o d e str o y a ll t he privil e g e s o f

.

c o rp o rati o ns o r o f o rd e rs a ll e x e mpti o ns all p e rs o na l favo urs

, ,
.

H e g av e t o this ne w t a x t he na m e o f su bve nt io n t rrito ria le ; e

a nd s a id th a t this w o uld n o t b e a n e w t a x si n c e t he ch a rg e f or,

th o s e w ho w e re p ayi ng e x a ctly t he t w o twe nti e ths w o uld no t b e -

i ncre a s e d a nd th at it w as o nly a m att e r o f suppre ssi o n o f t he

,

a bus e o f a n u nj ust a pp o rti o ni ng a nd o f e x e mpti o n s which th o s e

w ho e nj o y e d th e m w e r e r e a dy t o fo r e g o .

H e e stim a t e d a t tw e nty milli o n s t he r e v e nu e fr o m t he

e st a blishm e n t o f t he st a mp duty .

The i n fe o ffm e nt o f d o m a i ns a nd a b e tt e r a dmi nistr ati o n o f

,

t he fo r e sts w as t o yi e ld t e n milli o ns .

I n o rd e r t o r e imburs e th e s e sums a t fi x e d p e ri o ds he issu e d ,

78 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

M de M o ntm o ri n t he succ e ss o r o f M de V e rge nne s had as

.
,
1
.
,

y e t but littl e cr e dit ; h e h a d n o o pi n i o n a n d w a s a fr a id e v en

o f b e i n g th o ught t o h av e o ne M de M iro m e snil the K e e p e r o f . .

,

t he S e a ls fo u n d th a t t he ne w e nt e rpris e w a s imprud e nt a nd had

, ,

c o mpro mis e d t he ro y a l a uth o rity —t he B a ro n de Bre t e uil w as b e

stirri ng hims e lf—the A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e w as still i ntrigui ng ,

a nd M de C a l o nne wh o s e p o siti o n t he imp o rt an c e o f a ffa irs

.
,

still m ad e t e nabl e and w ho at t he c o n fe re nc e h e ld at t he h o us e o f, ,

M ons ie u r had sh o w n a pro digi o us t a l e nt l e ft t he s o lid gro u nd

,
2
,

o n which he had b e e n st a ndi ng a n d no l o ng e r s o ught f o r m e ans ,

o f d e fe nc e e xc e pt in t h e i n trigu e s o f t he c o u rt
,
The C o mt e .

d A rt o is sust a i ne d his cr e dit with t he ki ng M a d a m e de P o lig na c

’

pl a c e d at his disp o s al all t he i nflu e nc e she still e nj o y e d o ve r

t he qu e e n The p o e t L e bru n at M de V au dre u il s r e qu e st 3 ’
.
.
, ,

a ddr e ss e d him in b e a utiful v e rs e .

A ll this might h a v e had s o m e i nflu e nc e in o rdi nary tim e s ,

but it w as o f v e ry littl e a cc o u nt in such o mi no us circum

st a nc e s M de C a l o nne no l o ng e r sp o k e t o the ki ng with t he
. .

s a m e a ssura nc e The A ss e mbly o f t he N o t abl e s had b e e n an .

e xp e di e nt a nd he ne e d e d a n e xp e di e n t f
,
o r t h e A ss e mbly o f t he

N o t bl e s H e ha d no ne Wh e n o ne fe a rs o th e rs a nd has no
a . .
,

l o nge r c o mpl e t e c o nfid e nc e in o ne s s e lf o ne o nly m a k e s mist ak e s ’

, .

Wh a t rui ne d him w as t he i nt e rrupti o n o f t he s e ssi o n duri ng

t he E a st e r v a c ati o n The N o t a bl e s l e ft V e rs a ill e s a nd c a m e .

t o P a ris wh e r e th e y w e r e r e c e iv e d by a ll circl e s o f s o ci e ty
, t he
spirit o f o pp o siti o n th e y bro ught with th e m stre ngth e ne d by th at ,

which th e y fo u nd th e re s e e m e d t o t he ki ng t o re pre s e nt t he ,

o pi ni o n o f imp o si n g numb e rs ; he w as fright e ne d at it S i nc e .

Th C m t A rm
1
e d d M t m i S i t H er m issu f v ry ld f m ily f
o e an e on or n a n -
e e o a e o a o
A uv rg w b r i 74 5 H w m b ss d r t M drid M m b r f th
,

e ne, as o n n 1 e as a a a o a a e e o e

A ss m bly fN t bl s 787 S cr t ry f S t t f F r ig A ff ir 787 H w

. .

e o o a e , 1 . e e a o a e or o e n a s, 1 . e as
a p rtis
a f h c stituti
an o l m rchy M i ist r f th I t ri r d i t im 79
t e on o na o na n e o e n e o a n er 1 1,
s i N v m b r f th s m y r A rr st d A ugust
.
,

h r sig d ll his fu cti

e e ne a n on n o e e o e a e ea e e on 20 ,
su m m d b f r th A ss m bly which issu d g i st him writ f
.

1 79 h w
2, e as o ne e o e e e e a a n a o
H p rish d i t h m ss cr s f S pt m b r
,

a ccus ti a on . e e e n e a a e o e e e .

2
titl give n in F r nc e t th ki ng s e ld st bro th e r
The e a o e
’
e .

3
is Ec o ch rd L e bru n lyric p e t w s b rn in 1 72 9 H e h s writt e n
D en u a -
, o , a o . a

o de s pigr m s nd e l e gi e s nd m ad e hi m s lf such r e put ti n th t h w k no wn

, e a a ,
a e a a o a e as

u nd r the nam e f L b ru n P i nd ar But his ch r ct r w s no t

e o high s his t l e nt
e a a e a as a a

A ft e r h avi ng live d f
. .

l ng ti m e o n p e nsi o n fro m th qu e n h j i ne d th
or a o
‘

a e e e o e

r e v o luti n ry p rty i ncit d th vi l ti n f th t o m b s o f S i nt D e nis de m nd e d

,

o a a e e o a o o e a -
a

in n th e r de t he d e ath f M ri e A nt o i n tt e and e nd e d by b e i ng the p o e t l aure t e

, , ,

a o o , o a -
e ,
-
a

o f t he e m pir e H e di e d in 1 80 7 . .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 79

t he d e ath o f M de V e rge nne s no o ne p o ss e ss e d e no ugh

.
'

i nflu e nc e o ve r his mi nd t o re a ssure him M de Ca l o nne w as . .

dismiss e d .

I n t he l o ng list o f t he mi nist e rs o ft he e ight e e nth c e ntury I do ,

no t k no w in wh a t r a nk no r by t he sid e o f wh o m hist o ry will , ,

pl a c e him but this is wh a t I saw o f him .

M de C a l o nne had a fre e a nd brilli ant mi nd a shre wd a nd

.
,

quick i nt e ll e ct H e sp o k e a nd wro t e w e ll his dicti o n w as a lways

.

cl e a r a nd e l e ga nt he had t he t al e nt o f e mb e llishi ng wh at he k ne w
, ,

a nd o fa v o idi ng t he discussi o n o fth a t which he did no t k no w T he .

Co mt e d A rt o is M de V a udr e uil B a r o n de T a ll e yr a nd t he Duc

’
1
.
, , ,

de C o ig ny lik e d in C a l o nne t he fo rms he ha d b o rr o we d fr o m th e m

2
, ,

and t he i nt e ll e ct he m a d e th e m b e li e v e th e y p o ss e ss e d M de . .

C a l o n ne w as susc e ptibl e o f a tt a chm e nt a nd fid e lity t o his fri e nds

but in s e l e cti ng th e s e he fo ll o w e d m o re t he dict te s o f his mi nd
, ,
a

th a n o f his h e a rt Dup e o f his va nity he b e li e ve d in go o d

.
,

fa ith th at he l o ve d t he m e n his v a nity had s o ught H e w as ugly .

,

t all nimbl e and we ll sh ap e d he had an i nt e ll e ctu a l c o u nt e

,
-

na nc e a nd a pl e a s a nt v o ic e I n o rd e r t o e nt e r o ffic e h e had .
,

c o mpro mis e d o r at l e a st ne gl e ct e d his re put ati o n H e w a s

, , .

surro u nd e d by wo rthl e ss p e o pl e The public cre dit e d him with .

s e ns e but no t with m o ra lity Wh e n he o bt a i ne d t he p o st

, .

o f c o mptr o ll e r g e ne r a l he s e e m e d in m o st p e o pl e s e y e s but t he
’
-

, , ,

cl e ve r st e wa rd o f s o m e rui ne d sp e ndthrift Gre a t quick ne ss o f .

mi nd pl e as e s but d o e s no t i nspire c o nfid e nc e ; it is ge ne ra lly

,

th o ught th at p e o pl e so gift e d displ a y littl e a tt e nti o n a nd sc o r n

a dvic e M o st m e n lik e i ndustry a nd prud e nc e in th e ir mi niste rs
. .

M de C a l o nne w as no t e nc o uragi ng in this re sp e ct in c o mm o n

.

with a ll brilli a nt mi nds he displ ay e d th o ughtl e ss ne ss a nd p re ,

sumpti o n in all he did This w as t he s a li e nt ch a ract e ristic o fhis .

natur e o r r a th e r o f his w ay o f pr o c e e di ng
,
I will qu o t e a re .

m ark abl e i nst anc e o f this M de C a l o nne had c o m e t o D a m . .

B aro n L o uis de Tall e yr nd u ncl e o f the utho r b o rn in 1 7 3 9 w s

1
The a ,
a , , a

am b ss d r t a th e Ki ng
a o f th Tw o S icilie in 1 7 85 nd di e d in 1 7 9 9
o H h d e o s a . e a

S i nt E ugene M ntigny ni e c f de
,

r rrie d M de m o is e ll e M ari e L o uis e d e o

él
ia a -
e a - o ,

a o nne

H ri D
.

2
en e igny b o rn in 1 73 7 G v e rno r o fC h o isy
Franqu e to t, D u c de C o , . o
li ut e n nt g n r l
e a -
first e qu e rry t o the ki ng si n c 1 77 1 H m igr t e d in 1 79 1
e e a e . e e a

b c m e c pt i n ge ne r l in P rtug l R e turne d t F ranc in 1 8 1 4 nd was pp o int e d

e a a a -
a o a . o e ,
a a

M arsh l o f F r nc e nd G ve rno r o f the I nv lid s

a a a H e di e d in 1 82 1
o a e . .
80 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

pi e rr e t o visit M ad a m e de Luy ne s o n t he day fo ll o wi ng th a t

,
1
,

o n which t he ki ng h a d d e cid e d t o summ o n a n A ss e mbly o f t he

N o t abl e s H e w a s i nt o xic at e d with t he succ e ss o f his re p o rt

.

t o t h e c o u ncil o f mi nist e rs H e r e a d it t o us e nj o i n i ng t he .
,

gre at e st s e cr e cy This w as a t the cl o s e o f t he summ e r o f 1 7 86

. .

A w e e k b e fo r e F e bru a ry 2 2 I 7 87 t he v e ry day o f t he , ,

o p e ni ng o f t he A ss e mbly he wr o t e m e a no t e in which he , ,

pre ss e d m e t o g o and sp e nd t he we e k with him a t V e rs a ill e s ,

t o a ssist him in r e visi ng s o m e o f t he m e m o r a ndums which h e

w a s t o submit t o t he A ss e mbly H e a dd e d th at I sh o uld fi nd .

all t he m a t e ri a l n e c e ss a ry t o e lucid a t e t he p o i nts I sh o uld u nd e r

t a k e t o tre a t H e had writt e n a simil a r l e tt e r t o M de la

. .

G ala i iere t o M Dup o nt de N e m o urs t o M de S a i nt G e nis t o

z ,
2
.
, .
-

M G e rbi e r a nd t o M de C o rm e re y W e fo u nd o urs e lv e s a ll
.
3
,
. .
,

o n t he s a m e m o r ni ng in t h e study o f M C a l o nne w ho h and e d ,

.
,

us bu ndl e s o f p ap e rs re l ativ e t o e a ch o f t he qu e sti o ns which we

w e re t o tre a t Fro m th e s e w e w e r e t o dra ft a ll t he m e m o ra ndums
.

a nd bills which we re t o b e pri nt e d a nd submitt e d t o t he dis

,

c u ssio n o f t h e A ss e mbly e ight d ays l a t e r Thus o n F e bru ary 1 4 .

, ,

n o t a li ne o f this w o rk ha d ye t b e e n writt e n W e divid e d a m o ng .

us this imm e ns e l ab o ur I t o o k up o n mys e lf t he m e m o randum .

a nd bill o n c o r n I wr o t e th e m b o th with o ut assist anc e I w o rk e d .

with M de S a i nt G e nis o n t he m e m o ir re l ative t o t he p aym e nt o f

.
-

t he d e bts o f t he cl e rgy a nd with M de la G alaiz iere o n th at c o n ,

.

c e r ni ng st atut e l ab o ur M de Co rm e re y dre w up t he wh o l e pro j e ct . .

re l ative t o t he ab o liti o n o fthe b a rri e rs G e rbi e r wro te p a ragraphs .

4

o n a ll qu e sti o n s My fri e nd Dup o nt who b e li e ve d gre at go o d

.
,

w a s t o b e a cc o mplish e d a ppli e d all his im agi nati o n mi nd a nd , ,

h e rt t o t he qu e sti o ns which c a m e ne ar e st t o his vi e ws W e

a , .

1
pi e rre vill g e f S i ne t O is e o n the Y v tt e t s o m dist nc e fro m R m
D am , a o e -
e -
e , a e a a

b o uill e t Th chat e u built by M ns rt fo r the D uc d L o rr ine b e c m e ft r w rds

. e a a a e a ,
a a e a

t h pr p e rty o f th e de L uyn e s f m ily

e o a .

Th M rquis C h au m o nt de l G l i e re
2
e a b rn in 1 69 7 w s I nt e nd nt o f a a a z1 o a a

S iss ns nd C h nc e ll r f L o rr i ne C o u ncill o r f S t t in 1 76 6 m e m
, ,

o o , a a o o a o a e ,

b e r f t h R o y al C o u ncil f F i n nc s
o e H e di d in 1 7 8 7 o a e e .

3
P i e rr e G rb i e r a c e l e br t d c o u ns l t th e p rl m ent o f P ris
e ,
H e w as b rn
a e e o a e a . o

a t R nn s in 1 7 2 5
e e H w s ne f th e fe w c o u ns e ls who c o ns nt d t o pl e d b e f r e
. e a o o e e a o
the c o m m issi n i nstitut d b y M a p o u duri ng th i nt e rre gnu m o f the p rl m nt
e u eo ,
e a e e .

H e w as ne v e rth e l e ss l e ct e d st f f b e ar e r o f his rde r in 1 78 7 H e di e d in the

e a -
o .

fo ll wi ng ye r
o a .

Th s w e r e i nt e rn l cust o m s which C l o nne wish e d t o do

4
e e a w ay with nd to a a , a

r e strict to the fro nti e rs .

82 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

L aval M a d a m e de R o b e cq and M ad a m e d H arve lay gre atly

, ,
’

sc and a liz e d Dup o nt w hol o ve d M de C a l o nne o n a cc o u nt o f the

,
.

pro vi nci a l a ss e mbli e s a nd w ho did no t k no w th at th e s e l adi e s

,

l o ve d the pro vi nci a l a ss e mbli e s o n a cc o u nt o f M de C al o nne . .

V e sm e ra ng e s w how as a ls o w a iti ng a nd w ho c a re d littl e e ith e r

,
1
, ,

fo r t he pr o vi nci l a ss e mbli e s o r fo r M de Ca l o nne but w ho

a .
,

fe lt t he gre ate st re sp e ct fo r t he c o mptro ll e r ge ne ra l l e ft im -

m di t e ly fo r P a ris in o rd e r t o pre p re ah e ad o f e ve ryb o dy

e a ,
a ,

c lse t he sp e cul a ti o n s which t he no mi n a ti o n o f M de F o u r u e u x

, q .

w a lik e ly t o r e nd e r a dv a nt ag e o us
s .

This ne w mi nistry w as o f sh o rt dura ti o n M de Fo urqu e ux . .

s o o n gre w disco urag e d a nd t he qu e e n at l ast o bt ai ne d t he

, , ,

no mi n ti o n o f t h e A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e wh o s e mi nd and '

a ,

ch a ra ct e r w e re no t o n a l e ve l w ith t he circumst a nc e s in which

Fr anc e w as no w pl a c e d .

O n e nt e ri ng o ffic t he l a tt e r m a d e s a crific e s t o public o pi n i o n

e ,

which e nc o unt e ri ng o nly w e a k ne ss b e c am e e a ch day m o re

, ,

e x a cti ng N o t hi ng c o uld b e o b t a i ne d fro m the A ss e mbly o f

.

t he N o t a bl e s but c o mpl a i nts a nd t he a dvic e t o c o nv o k e t he

,

S t a t e s G e ne r a l and in t ru t h I do no t se e ho w t he N o t abl e s
-
, , ,

c o uld h ve d o ne o the rw ise t han as th e y did A ll c o nc e ssi o n

a , .

o n th e ir p a rt w o uld h av e b e e n us e l e ss b e c a us e th e y w e r e r e lly ,
a

wi t h o ut p o we r t o a c t ; a nd had t hey d o ne so t h e y wo uld o nly

, ,

h av e m a d e th e ms e lv e s o di o us t o no purp o s e .

I t w as th e r e fo re a gr e a t mist a k e t o h a ve su m m o ne d th e m
with o ut b e i ng pre vi o usly sur e o f dire cti ng th e ir de lib e ra ti o ns .

F o r t he c o mp e t e n c e o f t he p a rl m nts h avi ng b e e n c a ll e d i nt o
e e

qu e sti o n o r rath e r th e ir i nc o mp e t e nc e b e i ng implicitly p ro

,

cl a im d by t h m e r e fact o f c o nv ni ng t he N o t abl e s th e y w e re
e e e ,

h e nc e fo r t h p o we rl e ss Thus th e y r e fus e d t o do wh at was

.

a sk e d o f th e m all e gi ng th a t th e y h d no t the right t o do so

,
a .

Th e ir re fus a l w as pu nish e d by e xil e which m ad e th e m p o p u ,

lar ; th e y w e re r e c a ll e d s o o n a ft e r which m a ki ng th e m ,

fe e l th e ir imp o rt a nce m o r e c o uld but i nduc e th e m t o av o id

,

c o mpro misi ng it A ll th e s e m e asure s h avi ng s e rv e d o nly t o

.

sh o w t he limits o f ro y a l a uth o ri ty witho ut b e i ng o f a ny assist nc e

,
a

1
M de V e sm e range s was
. i nt e nd nt
a of the s t ati o ns re l ays
, , and p o st h o us e s
-
of

F r nc
a e .
 TH E YE A R S P R E C E DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON . 83

to it th e re o nly re m ai ne d t he alt e rnative o f b e i ng s e lf

,

su f fi c ie nt a ski ng s,
crific e s fr o m n o o ne — which the d e fi cit ina

t he tr ea sury r d
en e e r d it imp o ssibl e t o do — o r o f c o nv o ki ng t he

S t a t e s G e ne r a l
-
The struggl e o f t he A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e
.

with t he p a rl m ents w as o f su ffi ci e nt i nt e re st t o i nduce m e t o

e

r e l at e it in all its d e t a ils in t he s e c o nd p a rt o f th e s e re c o lle ,

c

t i o ns which I h av e sp e ci a lly d e v o t e d t o it a nd in which t he D u e

, ,

d O rléa ns wh o s e p o litic a l life w as cl o s e ly c o nne ct e d wi t h t he

’
,

p arli m e nt a ry o pp o siti o n o f this p e ri o d pl ays a l e a di ng p a r t

a , .

N o ne o f t he o p e r ti o ns o f t he A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e su c a

c e e de d ; t he i n flu e n c e which h e h ad us e d t o o v e rt hr o w M de .

C a l o nne w as e n tir e ly his o w n A lth o ugh he d e priv e d M de . .

C a l o nne o f t he blu riba nd a lth o ugh he o bt a i ne d f o r hims e lf a

- 1
e ,

c a rdi na l s hat t he a rchbish o pric o f S e ns t he abb e y o f Co rbi e ;

’

, ,

a lth o ugh h e m a d e his br o t h e r M i nist e r o f W a r ne i t h e r fe a r n o r

2
,

favo ur gave him a si ngl e supp o rt e r H o m e o pp o si t i o n w as .

b e c o mi ng str o nge r the fo re ig n p o licy o f Fr anc e w as a nn ihil t e d , a

H o ll and so e a sy t o d e fe nd h a d j ust b e e n a b a nd o ne d
,
Th e r o y l , .
3
a

tre a sury w as e mpty t he thr ne w as d e s e rt e d the dimi nuti o n o f ,

o

t he r o y a l p o w e r w a t he r e ig ni ng p a ssi o n o f t he m o m e nt e v ry
s e

subj e ct c o nsid e re d hims e lf t o o much go ve rne d ye t it is pro b abl , e

th at at no o th e r p e ri o d in o u r his t o ry w e re p e o pl e subj c t e d ,
e

t o a mild e r rul e a nd n v e r did th e y i n dividu ally a nd c o ll e c t iv e ly

,
e , ,

so much t r sp a ss b e y o n d pr o p e r b o u n ds
e .

The p o litic a l e xist e nc e o f e v e ry nati o n d e p e nds e ss e nti lly a

up o n the strict o bs e rva nc e o f t he duti e s imp o s e d up o n e a ch

i ndividu a l I f at t he s am e m o m e nt ll th e s e duti e s c e as e t o
.
, ,
a

b e p e rfo rm e d s o ci a l dis o rd e r e nsu e s , This w as t he p o si t i o n o f .

France wh e n t he A rchbish o p o f S e ns l e ft the mi nistry .

Th t f th
1
rd r f th H ly Gh st ( d d S i t E p it) th high st rd r
a o e o e o e o o or re a a n -
s r , e e o e

of chiv l ry u nd e r the ld m n rchy T n l t r )

a o o a . ra s a o .

L o uis M ri e d B i nn
2
b rn in 1 7 3 0 L i ut e n nt G e n r l M i n ist r
a e re fW r e, o , e a -
e a , e o a

( 1 7 87 H w s guill ti n d M y 1 0 1 7 94 with his tw s o ns nd M d m de

e a o e a , ,
o a a a e

C n isy his d ugh t r

a a e
3 H ll n d h d r
, .

o ae st blish d th e st dth ld rship in 1 74 7 in th

a e- p rs n f th
a e a o e ,
e e o o e

P rin c f O r ng
e o his tyr nny i rit t d all p ti s nd in 1 7 84 th s t t s d priv d
a e a r a e ar e , a , e a e e e

h im f th gr t r p rt f his uth rity

o e ea e Th pri n c supp rt d by fr cti n f t he
a o a o . e e , o e a a o o

n b ility
o nd f the p pul c
a c ll d E ngl nd nd P russi to his id T h st t s
o o a e, a e a a a a . e a e

cl i m d th i nt rv nti n o f F r nc which h d n t f il d th m in 1 7 85 ft th ir
a e e e e o a e, a o a e e , a er e

qu rr l with th m p r r But th e C rdi n l d Bri nn did n t d r t ss m b l n

a e e e e o . a a e e e o a e o a e e a

a r m y n the fr nti r The D utch w re crushe d by th P russi n rm y nd d e liv e r d

o o e e e a a a e

t th e fury f the vict o ri o us f cti o n ( S e pt m b r

.
,

o o a e e ,
 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

Pr o t e st a nts we re stirri ng th e ms e lve s and m anife st e d

The
a l a rmi ng c o nfi d e n c e in M N e ck e r . .

A ll cl a ss e s w e r e r eady t o e mbr a c e e nthusi astic a lly t he ne w

id e as A ll the m e n w ho had b e e n t o c o ll e g e o r t o an a c ad e my
.
,

l o o k e d up o n t he applic ati o n o f wh a t th e y ha d l e arne d o r re a d

th e re as c o nqu e sts t o b e m ad e by the hum an mi nd E ach
, .

st at e wish e d to be re ge ne rat e d .

The cl e rgy who o ught t o b e as imm o v a bl e as d o gm a s had

, ,

b e e n t he fi rst t o pro p o s e gre at i nno vati o ns Th e y had re qu e st e d .

t he ki ng t o c o nv e ne t he S t at e s G e ne r a l -
.

The pays d eta ts o nly saw in th e ir tr e a ti e s o f u ni o n with

1 ’ ’

Franc e a m e ans o f o pp o si ng a ll t he ge ne ra l m e asure s p ro

,

p o s e d by t he go v e rnm e nt .

The p a rle m e nts s e diti o usly a bdic at e d t he p o w e r which th e y

had e x e rcis e d fo r c e nturi e s a nd c a ll e d fr o m e ve ry dir e cti o n fo r
,

re pre s e nt ative s o f the nati o n .

The a dmi nistr a ti o n its e lf which u ntil th e n had ch e rish e d t he

,

h o no ur o f b e i ng a pp o i nt e d by t he ki ng t o re pre s e nt him no w ,

fo u nd its o b e di e nc e humili ati ng and wish e d t o b e i nd e p e nd e nt , .

Thus a ll the b o di e s o f the S t a t e we re dive rgi ng fro m th e ir

,

fi rst d e sti nati o n e a ch o ne had bro k e n its b o nds a nd had e nt e re d

, ,

o n a d e clivity which d e priv e d a s th e y w e re o f e xp e ri e nc e

, light ,

a nd supp o rt must ne c e ss a rily draw th e m i nt o the pre cipic e ;

,

th e re fo re fro m this tim e e v e rythi ng pr e s e nts the ch a ract e r o f

,

fat a lity .

A ffa irs w e re in this st at e wh e n in spit e o f his p e rs o na l re ,

u na nc e
p g t he ki n g
,
fe lt o blig e d t o r e c a ll M N e ck e r w ho by .
, ,

w o rks fl att e ri ng pre va ili ng id e as a nd p ublishe d at c a re fully ,

studi e d i nt e rva ls had m a nage d t o ke e p c o nst antly the a tte nti o n

,

o f t he public up o n him H e might p e rh a ps in o rdi na ry tim e s

2
, ,
.

h av e w o rk e d s o m e g o o d ; I do no t k no w p e rs o nally I do no t ,

b e li e ve it but I a m sure th at in 1 7 8 8 the ki ng c o uld no t h ave

, , , ,

rt i
1
C e a n pays d etats,Britt y i t c
an
’ ’
ti th ir u i with r c
fo r ns an e , at the m e o f e n on F an e
d s f r l r s rv ti s x ct d i t c
h ad m a e o m e o m a e e a o n , and e a e t he m a n e nan e o f a ll th ir rights
e

and privil g s
e e
irs A ugust
.

ck r r su d
N e e e m e the dir cti
e public
on o f af fa on uri g his
2 5 , 1 7 88 D n .

r tir
e t
e m e n h e hadpublish de r p rt
a ne w e o fi c s which pp r d
o n t he nan e , a ea e in 1 784 ,
u d r v ls
n e the na m e o f A dm in ist ra tion des F in a nces ( 3 o which s ld rly
of he o ne a .

c pi s
o e ls publish d his c rr sp d c with
H e had a o . e o e on e n e l
M de C a o nne ( 1 7 87 , .

9
4
86 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A I VI) .

th at t he m o st imp o rt a nt m e mb e rs o f this o rd e r in ra nk and

f rtu ne sh o uld su ffi c e t o fi ll t he d e put ati o n and t he right t o e l e ct
o ,

o r t he right o f b e i ng el e ct e d migh t b o r e strict e d th a t t he ch o ic e e s

sh o uld f ne c e ssi t y fa ll up o n th e m I n this w ay th e re we re

,
o , .
,

re as ns t o b e li e ve t h a t in t he d e put ati o ns o f the first t w o o rd e rs

o , ,

cl ass f e li ng w o uld no t b e w e a k e ne d by a ny o pp o siti o n th at t he

-
e

d e pu t t i o n o f o n w o uld fe e l a s i nt e r e s t e d in de fe nding that o f

'

a e

t he o th e r a s it s o w n th a t in c a s e o f a tt a ck t he a ggr e ss o rs c o uld
, ,

h v e n o s e cr e t i nt e llig e nc e in th e ir r anks no r fi nd th e r e au x ili

a

a ri e s a nd th a t in t he d e put ati o n s o f t he third o rd e r t he fe a r o f

, ,

l si ng o utwe ighi ng t he de sire o f a cquisiti o n wo uld c aus e t he

o , ,

spirit o f pre s rvati o n t o pre vail o ve r th at o f d o mi nati o n

e .

I t still r e m a i ne d ( a nd this w o uld h av e b e e n t he b e st pl an) t o

substi t ut e fo r t he fi rst t w o o rd e rs a p e e ra ge c o mp o s e d o f
m e mb rs o f t he e pisc o p a cy and o f h e a ds o f no bl e fa mili e s o f
e

t he o ld e st no bility gre at e st we a lth a nd lustre and limit t he

, ,

e l e cti o n t o t h e third o rd e r which w o uld h a v e fo rm e d a s e p a r a t e

a ss e mbly .

M a ny p e 0 p 1e a ft e r the R e vo luti o n bro k e o u t s o ught a

, ,

m e t h o d by which it might h av e b e e n a ve rte d nd wi t h ,

a ,

this o bj e ct th e y im agi ne d va ri o us r e m e di e s c o rre sp o ndi ng with

,

t he c a us e s t o which th e y a scrib e d it ; but a t a b o ut t he tim e ,

wh e n t he R e vo luti o n bro k e fo rth it c o uld o nly b e pre ve nt e d ,

by o ne o f the t w o m e th o ds I h av e j ust i ndic at e d .

M N e ck e r d o pt e d ne ith e r the o ne no r t he o th e r H e fi x e d
. a .

t h e n umb e r o f d e puti e s in such a m a nne r th a t e ch f t he fi rst

.

a o

t w o o rd e rs w as t o e l e ct thr e e hu ndr e d m e mb e rs which w as fa r ,

to o m ny t o av o id t he ne c e ssity o f e xt e ndi ng the ch o ic e t o t he

a

i nfe ri o r ra nks which it w as a dv isab le t o e xclud e

'

1
.

O n t he o th e r h and a lm o st u nlimit e d l atitud e w as l e ft a s t o

,

t he right t o e l e ct o r t o b e e l e ct e d which put t he high e r cl e rgy ,

a nd n o bility in t he mi no rity in t h e d e put a ti o n o f th e ir o rd e r ; ,

a n d c a us e d t he third o rd e r t o b e c o mp o s e d a lm o st e xclusiv e ly

o f b rrist e rs
a —a cl a ss o f m e n wh o s e m e th o d o f thi nki ng ne c e s , ,

s a rily r e sulti ng fr o m th e ir pr o fe ssi o n r e nd e r th e m g e ne r a lly v e ry ,

d ang ro us But t he gre a t e st o fall mist ak e s w as t o a ut ho ris e t he

e .

1
T he St t s G r l w r c m p s d
a e -
e ne a e e o o e of d e puti e s—2 9 1 fo r the cl e rgy ,
2 70 fo r
t he no bility ,
and 5 84 fo r the Third E st at e .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 87

third o rd e r t o its e lf e l e ct as m a ny d e puti e s as the o th e r t w o

t o ge th e r A s this c o nc ssi n c o uld o nly b e us e ful t it in th e
. e o o

c as e o f a fusi o n o f t he thre e o rd e rs i nt o a si ngl e b o dy it c o ul d ,

no t h ave b e en d o ne with o ut pr e supp o si ng this fusi o n nd n ,

a co

s e nti ng implicitly t o it The a tt e mpts t he third e st at e w o uld

.

m a k e t o o bt a i n t he fusi o n we re thus re nd e r e d l e gitim at e b e fo re

h and its ch anc e s o f succ e ss i ncre as e d a nd abs o lut e p re p n
, ,
o

d e ra nc e in t he b o dy in which t he thre e o rd e rs w e re t o b e bl e nd e d
was a ssure d t o it .

Th e re w as in M N e ck e r a s o m e thi ng which pre ve nt e d his

.

fo re s e e i ng a nd th e re fo re o f f ari ng t he re sults o f his o w n e

m e a sure s H e p e rsu d e d hims e lf th at he p o ss e ss e d an a ll

. a

p o we rful i nflu e nc e o ve r t he S t a t e s G e ne r a l th at the m e mb e rs -

o f t he third o rd e r ab o ve all w o uld list e n t o him as t o n

, ,
a

o ra cl e ,
wo uld o nly se e with his e y e s wo uld do no thi ng e xc e p t ,

by his a dvic e a nd wo uld no t u se ag a i nst his will t he we ap o ns

, , ,

h e ha d put i nt o t he ir h a nds A n illusi o n which was t o b e o f

.

sh o rt durati o n Pr e cipit at e d fro m t he h e igh t wh e re his v ni t y

. a

a l o ne h ad pl a c e d him a nd fr o m which h e fl t t e r e d hims e lf th a t

,
a

he rul e d e v e nts he had t o l a m e n t in r e tire m e nt t he e vils he

,

h ad no t wish e d t o c a us e a nd t o d pl r e t he e xc e ss s which ,
e o e

h o rrifi e d his pro bity but which had he b e e n m o re skilful a nd

, ,

l e ss pre sumptu o us he might h ave sp are d Fr anc e a nd t he

,

wo rld .

H is pr e sumpti on r e nd e r e d him a bs o lut ly i nc ap bl e o f s e e i ng e a

th at t he m o ve m e nt the n t aki ng pl ace in Fra nc e w s t he re sul t ,

a

o f a p a ssi o n o r r a th e r o f t he e rr o rs o f a p a ssi o n c o mm o n
, ,

t o a ll m e n v a nity
,
I n t he m aj o rity o f nati o ns it e xists o n ly in a
.

sub o rdi nat e fo rm a nd o n ly c o nstitut e s o ne sh a d e o f the na ti o na l

,

ch ar a cte r o r e ls e it is app a re nt o nly in a si ngl e o bj e ct whil e

, ,

with t he Fre nch a s fo rm e rly wi t h t he G a uls th e ir a nc e st o rs it

, , ,

mi ngl e s with all it rul e s in e ve rythi ng with a n i n dividu a l nd

,
a

c o ll e ctive e ne rgy which m ak e s it c ap abl e o f the gre at e st e x

c e ss e s.

I n t he Fr e nch R e v o luti o n this p assi o n did no t figur e a l o ne,

it awa k e ne d o th e rs which it c a ll e d to its a ssis t anc e but th e s e ,

re m a i ne d sub o rdi nat e ; th e y t o o k its c o l o r a nd spirit a ct e d u ,

in a cc o rd anc e with it and t o furth e r its e nds I t so fa r g av e t he .

88 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

impuls e to a nd dire ct e d the m o ve m e nt o f the Fre nch R e vo luti o n ,

th at o ne m ay re a lly say this gre a t e ve nt w as b o r n o f va nity .

Dire ct e d t o wa rds a c rt a i n a im and c o nfi ne d t o c e rt a i n e ,

limits t he p a ssi o n o f which I sp e a k bi nds subj e cts t o t he

, ,

S t a t e ; it an im at e s a n d v iv ifi e s it ; it th e n t a k e s t he na m e o f
p atri o tism e mul ati o n l o ve o f gl o ry By its e lf a nd ap a rt fro m
, ,
.
,

its dire cti o n t o wa rds a d e te rmi ne d e nd it is o nly the d e sire fo r ,

r e e mi n e nc e O n e c a n d e sir e p re —e mi ne nc e fo r his c o u ntry ;

p
-
.

o ne c a n d e sir e it fo r a b o dy o f which o ne is a m e mb e r o ne c a n ,

d e sire it fo r o ne s s e lf a nd in this c a s c o ne m ay d e sire t o o bt a i n it in

’

, , ,

a si ngl e thi ng o r in s e v e r a l in t he sph e r e wh e r e o ne is pl a c e d o r ,

o utsid e o f t h a t sph e r e O ne c a n in sh o rt but no t with o ut m ad .

, ,

ne ss d e sire t o h a v e it in e v e rythi ng a nd o v e r all

,
I f circum .

st a nc e s are such th at with the ge ne ra lity o f t he m e mb e rs o f ,

a S t te this d e sire b e a r up o n s o ci a l disti ncti o ns the i ne vit abl e

a , ,

c o ns e qu e nc e will b e th a t t he gre at e r numb e r will wish o nly fo r

t h o s e titl e s o f disti n cti o n th a t e a ch o f th e m m ay fl a tt e r hims e lf

th at he has o r has a cquir e d t o t he e xclusi o n o f a ll t h o s e

, ,

which by th e ir nature c an o nly b e t he privil e ge o f a v e ry sm a ll

numb e r ; thus fr o m t he d e sir e fo r p re e mi ne nc e will pr o c e e d -

t he spirit o f p o litic a l e qu a lity This is pre cis e ly wh a t h a pp e ne d .

in Fr a nc e j ust b e fo re t he R e v o luti o n A s re volu t iona rily se t .

f rth by A bbé S i ey es in his e ss ay o n privil e ge s it w as a

o
1
, ,

n a tur a l a nd ne c e ss a ry c o ns e qu e n c e o f t he situ ati o n in which

Fra nc e th e n w as .

1
u l J s e ph S i eyes w s b rn t Freju s in 1 748 H e t o o k rd e rs nd w s
E m m an e o a o a . o ,
a a

vic r g e ne ral at R nn s pl y e d c e rt i n p rt in the phil o s phic l m o v m nt nd

a -
e e , a a a a o a e e ,
a

b c m e cqu i nt e d with ll the writ rs o f the ti m e H e w

e a a a m m b e r o f th e p
a e . as a e ro

v inc i l ss m b ly f O rl é ns
a a I n 1 7 89 h pu b lish d his c l e br t e d p m phl e t Wh t
e o a .
, e e e a a , a

i th Third E t t e ? f which
s e c o pi s w e re s o ld in f w d ys D puty f
s a o e a e a . e o

P ris h b c m
a ne o f the m o st i n flu n ti l m e m b e rs o f the Third E st t e
e e a e o H w s e a a e a

l ct d p sid e nt (J u ne
, .

e e e re m m b e r o f t he d m i nistr ti o n f the D p rt m n t
, f e a a o e a e o

P ris ( F e b ru ary
a H d e cli n d t th t ti m e t he rchbish pric o f P ris
, e In e a a a o a .

1 7 9 2 h w s l ct d to th e C o nv nti o n o fwhich h
,
e a e e b e c m e pre sid nt H e vo te d f r
e e , e a e . o

th d e th o f the ki ng H e h e ld l f duri ng th R e ign o f Te rr r w s pp i nt d

e a a oo e o a a o e

m m b r o f the C u n cil o f the F iv e H u ndr e d

,
.
,

in 1 79 5 , a e e nd s e n t as m i nist r t o
o ,
a e

B rli n in 1 79 8 H e e nt re d th D ir e ct ry
e , . nd b e c m th eh d f it H e o a a e e ea o . e

a tt ch e d hi m s e lf t B o n p rt nd pr p r d with him t h
a o
p d et t o f t he 1 8th
a a e, a e a e e co u
’
a

B m ire
ru P r vis o ry c nsul he pre s e nt e d his f m o us c nstituti o n l p je ct w s
a o o a o a ro a

r pl c d b y C m b c eres nd e nt r d th S n t e H e w in 1 8 1 4 ne o f th
.
, ,

e a e a a , a e e e e a . as, , o e

pr m t rs o f the d o w nf ll f th m p r r w cre t e d p r o f F r nc d uri ng th

o o e a o e e e o as a ee a e e

H u ndr d D ys nd w e xil e d in 1 8 1 6 H e r turn d to Fr nc in 1 83 nd di e d in

,

e a a as e e a e 0, a

M m b r f the F re nch A c d e m y in
. .

1 83 6 H h d nt e re d t h I nstitut in 1 79 5
. e a e e . e e o a

1 804 his n m e w s c anc e ll e d fr m the list o f this l

,
a rn d bo dy in 1 8 1 6
a o ea e .
90 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

t h o s e o f the simpl e g e ntl e m an s e e i ng ho w e asily h e c o uld o bt ai n

t his titl e O ft e n quit e sup e ri r t o a g e n tl e m n in w e a lth a nd
. o a

t a l e nt s t he pl e b i an did no t b e li e ve hims e lf i nfe ri o r t o the no bl e s

,
e

wh o m t he simpl e ge nt l e m an c o nsid e r e d as his e qu a l .

The no bl e s no l o ng e r i nh abi t e d th e ir fe ud a l t o w e rs w a r w as
n o l o nge r th e ir s o l e o ccup ti o n Th e y no l o nge r live d e x
a .

e lusiv e ly with no bl e s lik e th e ms e lv e s with th e ir m e n at a rms - -

, ,

o r with t he t e na nts o f th e ir e st a t e s A no th e r s t yl e o f life h ad .

give n t h e m o th e r t ast e s a nd t he s e t a st e s th e r ne e ds O ft e n
,
o .

u n ccupi e d a nd m a ki ng pl e a sure t h e ir o nly busi ne ss e v e ry t hi ng

o , ,

which w as a re s o urc e a ga i nst w e a ri ne ss a ll th a t a dd e d t o th e ir ,

e nj o ym e nt b e c a m e ne c e ss ary t o th e m The pl e b e i a n rich a nd

, .
,

e n light e ne d b e i ng no l o ng r d e p e nd e nt up o n th e m h avi ng i n d e e d
,
e ,

n o ne e d o f th e m I h av e a lre a dy s a id s o liv e d with th e m as with

, ,

his e qu als .

Wh e n I sp o k e o f t h e upp e r Fre nch s o ci e t ya t t he tim e o f the

R e v o lu t i o n my o bj e ct w as t o m a k e k no w n a ll t he h e t e r o g e ne o us
,

e l e m e nts o f which it w as th e n c o mp o s e d a nd t o p o i nt o u t t he ,

re sults which such i nc o nsist e ncy o f m anne rs must ne c e ss a rily

bri ng ab o ut I h ave r e a ch e d t he tim e wh e n l o ve o f qu a li t y
. e

b e ga n t o m anife st its e lf with o ut fe r a nd with o p e n fa c e a .

I n p o lish e d tim e s t he cul t ur e o f l e tt e rs o f t he sci e nc e s a nd o f

, , ,

t he fi ne a rts c o nstitut e s pro fe ssi o ns fo ll o we d by m e n w ho

,

ge ne rally b e l o ng by th e ir p e rs o na l m e rit t o a ll th a t is m o st
, ,

e l e v at e d a nd by th e ir birth o r fo rtu ne t o a ll th a t is m o st i n fe ri o r
,

in civil s o ci e ty A s e cr e t i nsti n ct must i nduc e th e m t o r a is e t he

.

a dv a nt a g e s th e y p o ss e ss t o t he l e v e l o f if no t a b o v e th o s e o f , ,

which th e y a re d e prive d B e sid e s th e ir a im is in ge ne ra l t o s e cure

.
, , ,

c e l e brity The fi rst c o nditi o n fo r t his is t o pl e a s e and t o i nt e re st

.
,

t o succ e e d in which th e r e is no s a fe r w ay fo r th e m th a n t o fl a tt e r

t he ruli ng t a st e s a nd t he pr e va ili ng o pi ni o ns which th e y ,

stre ngth e n by fl att e ri ng M a nne rs a nd p u blic o pi ni o n t e nd e d t o

.

e qu a lity thus th e s e m e n b e c a m e its a p o stl e s .

Whil e th e re we re fe w o th e r rich e s th an l a nd e d pro p e rty ,

a n d this w a s in t he h a n ds o f t he no bility whil e i ndustry a nd ,

c o mm e rc e w e re t he c a lli ngs o f i nfe ri o r m e n t he no bl e s sc o rne d ,

th e m a nd b e c a us e th e y had o nc e sc o rne d th e m th e y b e li e ve d it
, , ,

th e ir right and e ve n th e ir duty t o sc o r n th e m a lways ( e ve n wh e n

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON .
91

r e l a ti ng t he ms e lve s by m arri age which it sh o ck e d th e m t o do , ,

wi t h t he m e n w ho fo ll o we d t h o s e c a lli ngs ) a nd by this the y , ,

i nce ns e d the prid e o f t he pl e b e i n cl ass w ho fe l t th at o ne c o uld

a ,

no t sc o r n th e ir i n dustry with o ut sc o r n i ng th e ms e lv e s .

Fro m a m o ng the rui ns o f its fo rm e r e xist e nce the no bility had ,

pre s e rve d c e rt a i n privil e ge s which in th e ir o rigi n we re o n ly a

, , ,

c o mp e ns ati o n fo r ch arge s which th e y a l o ne supp o rt e d but ,

which th e y had c e a s e d t o supp o rt Wh e n t he c aus e e xist e d no .

l o nge r th e s e privil e ge s pp e re d u njust but th e ir i nj ustic e w as

,
a a

n o t th a t which m a d e th e m m o st o di o us it w a s r ath e r by r e a s o n ,

o f t he fa ct th a t no t o n t he qu o t a but o n t he f rm o f t he t a x ,th e y o

e st ablish e d a disti ncti o n in which t he pl e b e i a n cl a ss sa w l e ss a

favo ur t o t he no bl e s th an a slight t o its e lf .

Th e s e s e ntim e nts in t he pl e be i a n cl ass pro c e e d e d fro m the

spirit o f e qu a lity a nd s e rve d t o nc o urag e it H e w ho w o uld no t
,
e .

b e c o nsid e r e d a s an i n fe ri o r e ith e r cl a ims o r a spir e s t o b e tr e a t e d

,

o n a fo o t i ng o f e qu a lity .

I o ught t o say b sid e s th at th at p o rti o n o f t he a rmy so im p r

e ,
u

de nt ly s nt t o t he a id o f t he E nglish c o l o n i e s struggli ng ag a i nst

e

t h e ir m o t h e r —c o u ntry w as imbu e d in t he N e w W o rld with t he

,

d o ctri ne s o f e qu a li ty I t re turne d full o f a dmirati o n fo r t h e s e

.

d o ctri ne s a nd p e rh aps with t he d e sire a ls o t o put t h m i nt o e

pra ctic e in Fra nc e a nd by a s o rt o f fat a lity it w as e ve n this v e ry

, ,

t im e t h a t M a rsh a l de S egur ch o s e fo r re s e rvi ng fo r t he no bl s

1 e

fi c e rs pr o m o ti o n s in t he a rmy A h o st o f a rticl e s ap
’
a ll t he o f .

p e a re d d e n o u nci ng t h e m e a sur e which cl o s e d t o a ll w ho we r e n o t

n o bl e s a c a r e e r in which F a b e rt Che ve rt Ca ti nat a nd o th e rs 2 3 4

, , , ,

1
hilipp
P e H ry
en , rquis
Ma S gur b l g d
de e , e on e f ily
t o an o ld am Guy of e nne .

B r t rd
o n in 1 7 2 4 , h e e n e e r y fift
the a m at dly w u d
e e n, w as b a o nde at R au c o u x, a nd a t

L aw fe ld ;li ute tg r l
e n an -
e ne a w u d d g i
o n e G v r r
a a n at C lo ste re am p o e no of .

r ch
F an e C o m -
té M n e o f W ar ( 1 7 80
i ist r rsh l
Ma a r c
o f F an e
Im pris u d r
o ne d n e ig
the R e rr r
n o f T e o , he e
‘

sc p d th a ed ea r c iv d
I n 1 800 , h e e e e a .

p si fr
en on irst
o m th e F sul
Con tr t d
, w ho ea e with
him h urs
all t he o no his high
due t o
dig ity
n Hedi d e in 1 80 1
A rh
. .

2
b a am F ab e rt issu d fre rr i f ily
o m a Lo a ne am t rd r y
H e e n e e the a m , and t0 0 k .

p rt
a c p ig s his ti
in a ll the am a n o f me c rsh
H e b e am e M a. r c
al o f F an e in 1 6 5 4 , an d
i d
d e in 1 6 6 2 .

3
r is b r
F anco de C he v e rt , o n in 1 6 9 5 a t V e rdu list d
n H e en e i y rs
at n n e . ea o f age

l v
a t e e e n h e w as app i t li ut
o n ed e t r gi
e n an in t h e et r é li ut tc l l
m e n o f C a n , e e nan o o ne in -

c p ig B h i w r
t h e a m a n o f o e m a, d his
h e e he m a e illustri us
n am e o t ki g r gu
b y th e a n o fP a e ,
l tr
a nd a e , in d f di g this city Brig di r g r l
e en n a e e ne a li ut e tg r l
e nan
-
e ne a -

r r St
.

Gr d r ss
an C o o fth e O de of uis
Lo . i d
H e d e in 1 7 69 . .

‘
1 N
ic l s i t
o a de C a t na de la F a uc ri b r
o nne e , o n in 1 6 3 7 l ft
He e study
the o f th e .
92 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

pl e b e i ans like th e ms e lve s had c o ve re d th e ms e lve s with gl o ry

, .

T he lucr a tiv e pr o fe ssi o ns b e i ng fo rbidd e n t o t he p o o r no bility ,

it had b e e n th o ught a dvis a bl e t o o ffe r th e m this c o mp e ns a ti o n .

O nly this sid e o f t he qu e sti o n ha d b e e n c o nsid e re d But this .

m e a sure substituti ng e vid e ntly birth fo r p e rs o na l m e rit in wh a t

, ,

w a s t he pr o p e r d o m a i n o f m e rit o ffe nd e d b o th r e a s o n a nd public

,

o pi ni o n F o r in o rd e r t o i nd e m nify t he no bl e s fo r t he l o ss o f
.
,

a dv a nt a g e s which t he pl e b e i a n cl ass a lr e a dy l o o k e d up o n as a

pre j udice humili ati ng t o th e m o n t he l att e r w e re i nflicte d an in ,

j ustic e a nd a n a ffro nt This m e a sure c o mpl e t e d t he e stra nge

.

m e nt o f t he tro o ps a lre a dy dis a ffe ct e d by t he i ntro ducti o n o f a

fo re ig n discipli ne which e xp o s e d th e m t o a tre a tm e nt which , ,

fro m t he e a rli e st tim e s ha d b e e n c o nsid e re d in Franc e a s ,

ig no mi ni o us I t s e e m e d as th o ugh it w e re wish e d no t t o b e abl e

.
1

t o d e p e nd o n o u r br a v e s o ldi e rs at t he tim e o f t he gr e at e st
d ange r a nd in fact th e ir a ssist anc e fail e d wh e n it w as m o st
, , ,

ne e d e d .

Thus a ll t e nd e d to i nj ure the no bl e cl ass th at which had b e e n

t ake n fro m it and th at which had b e e n l e ft t o it t he p o ve rty o f
, ,

s o m e o f its m e mb e rs the w e a lth o f the o th e rs th e ir vic e s and

, ,

e v e n th e ir virtu e s .

But a ll this as I h av e s aid b e fo r e wh e n sp e a ki ng o f the

, ,

s e c o nd mi nistry o f M N e ck e r w as t he w o rk o f the g o ve r nm e nt
.
, ,

a t l e a st as much as t he r e sult o f t he g e ne r a l e v o luti o n o f hum an

thi ngs I t w as no t t he wo rk o f the pl e b e i a n cl ass which

.
,

m e re ly pro fit e d by it Equ a lity ha d c o m e so t o say t o m e e t t he

.
, ,

pl e b e i a ns To re sist its a dva nce s w o uld h ave re quire d in t he

.

gre at e r m a ss o f m e n a m o d e ra ti o n a nd fo re sight o f which but

,

fe w privil e g e d i n dividu a ls a re c a p a bl e .

Equ a lity o nc e e st ablish e d b e twe e n t he t w o cl a ss e s by ne w

m anne rs a nd a cc e pt e d by public o pi n i o n co uld no t fa il to b e ,

la w fo r the a m b c r y li ut tg r l
H e e am e e e nan e ne a in 1 6 88 f ll wi g y r
I n th e o o
-
n e a he

Svy
. .

c duct
on e d, in a o i d t c p ig which
a nd P e m o n , a am a r i d f us vict ri s
n has e m a ne am o ( o e
farde and o f M arsaille )
o f S ta f rsh l
Ma r c a o f F an ei ist r l ip t ti ry
M n e P en o e n a
Ag i
.

ui
at T r n h d
a n at th e ea r y ly
o f the a m o f I ta c d d he o m m an e

ft rw rds A ls c
a e a in di d
a e , a nd e in 1 7 1 2
S i t G r i h vi g b c l d
.

1
i ut
L e e nan tG r l t
e n e a C o m e de
-
a n e m a n, a n i istry
e en-
al e to t he M n
o f W ar, tri d e st blish discipli
to re e a -
r y
ne in th e a m wish d i tr duc i t
B u t he e to n o
. e n o
r c
F an e the o c rp r l pu ish
o a n ts v gu with
m e n in o G r
e s t he glish ublic
e m a n an d t h e E n P .

O pi i r us d g i st this i v ti
n o n w as a o e a a n t S i t G r i l st
nno a o n, a nd the C o m e de a n e ma n o all -

f v ur c
th e a o d d wh
he o m m an e t k c
e n he o o offi e
94 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N C E TA L LE YR A N D .

d e lib e rati ng it pro cl a im e d its e lf a N a ti o na l A ss e mbly re p re

, ,
1

s e nti ng thus implicitly t he t wo o th e r d e put ati o ns a s simpl e

, ,

c o nve nticl e s and p o i nti ng th e m t o p o pul ar h a tre d a s fo re ig n

,

t o t he na ti o n a nd a s b e i ng its e ne mi e s .

I w a s a m e mb e r o f t he d e put a ti o n o f t he o rd e r o f t he cl e rgy .

My o pi ni o n w as th a t the S t at e s G e ne ra l sh o uld b e diss o lve d ; -

but th at b e i ng o blige d t o t a k e thi ngs as th e y we r e th e y sh o uld

, ,

b e c o nv o k e d a ne w a cc o rdi ng t o o ne o f t he pl a ns I h a v e i ndic at e d
,

a b o ve I submitt e d this a dvic e t o t he C o mt e d A rto is w ho w a s

’

,
.

th e n displ ayi ng ki nd ne ss a nd if I m ay d a re t o qu o t e o ne o f the , ,

-

e xpr e ssi o ns he m ad e u se o f—e v e n fri e ndship t o w a rds m e My , .

a dvic e w as th o ught t o o risky ; it w a s a n a c t o f fo rc e a nd th e r e ,

w as no o ne ab o ut t he ki ng t o wi e ld fo rc e I had in t he e v e n i ng .
, ,

s e ve ra l i nt e rvi e ws at M rly a ll o f which pro ve d us e l e ss a nd a , ,

c o nvi nc e d m e th at I c o uld b e o f no s e rvic e and th at in this , ,

c as e it wo uld b e fo lly t o thi nk o f anythi ng but s e lf

,
.
2

The c o mp o siti o n o f t he S t at e s G e ne ra l e vid e ntly r e duci ng -

t he t w o fi rst o rd e rs t o m e r e ciph e rs th e r e r e m a i ne d but o ne ,

re as o nabl e c o urs e t o t a k e it w as t o yi e ld wi t h o ut b e i ng fo rc e d t o ,

do so a nd whil e th e r e wo uld still b e s o m e cre dit in d o i ng it

, .

This might pre ve nt m att e rs b e i ng c arri e d t o e xtre m e s it c o m

p e lle d t he third o rd e r t o b e circumsp e ct a nd e na bl e d t he o th e r ,

t w o o rd e rs t o r e t a i n s o m e i nflu e nc e o v e r t he c o mm o n d e lib e r
a t io ns a nd t o g a i n ti m e which o ft e n m e a n s t o g a i n e v e rythi ng
, ,

a nd if th e r e w as sti ll a ch a nc e t o r e c o v e r l o st gr o u nd this w as ,

t he o nly o ne I did no t h e sit a t e th e r e fo r e t o j o i n t he m e n w ho

.
, ,

se t this e x a mpl e .

The struggl e b e c a m e pr o l o nge d t he ki ng i nt e rv e ne d a s ,

m e di a t o r but fa il e d H e o rd e re d t he d e put ati o n o f t he third

, .

e st at e t o s e p a r at e a nd is no t o b e y e d ; so a s t o pr e v e nt th eir
,

m e e ti ng the h all in which th e y h e ld th e ir sitti ngs is cl o s e d Th e y

, .

m e e t in a t e nnis h all a nd t a k e o a th no t t o s e p arat e u ntil th e y

,

h ave m ad e a c o nstituti o n th a t is to say u ntil th e y h ave d e stro ye d ,

t h at o f t he ki ngd o m Th e n it o ccurs t o a rre st by fo rc e t he

.
3

1
S itti g f J u 7 789 Th Third E st t pr cl i m d its lf N ti l
n o ne 1 1 e a e o a e e a a o na

A ss m b ly th m ti f L gr d d puty fr m B rry d th t f S i ey es
, .

e , on e o on o e an , e o e , an no t o n a o ,

as is g r lly b li v d
e ne a e e e
th A pp
.

2
S ee dix p g 4 c t i i g M d B
e en , t cc u t f th s i t r
a e 10 , on a n n . e aco ur s a
’
o n o e e n e

Ju 789
ne 20 , 1 .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 95

m o ve m e nt which the go ve r nm e nt had fa il e d t o fo re s e e and t he ,

i nstrum e nt o f fo rc e e sc p e s fro m t he h ands which try t o m ak e a

u se o f it O n t he s a m e day t he wh o l e o f Fr a n c e citi e s vill a ge s

.
, , , ,

h a ml e t s a re u nd e r a rms The B a still e is a tt a ck e d t a k e n o r

, .
,

t hr o w n o p e n in a c o upl e o f h o urs a nd its g o v e r no r sl a ught e re d , .

1

P o pul a r fury is ve nt e d o n o th e r victims Fro m this m o m e nt t he .

2

go ve r nm e nt is p o we rl e ss th e re are no l o nge r a ny S t at e s G e ne ra l ,
-

t h e y h ave giv e n pl a c e t o a si ngl e a nd a ll p o w e rful a ss e mbly a nd -

t he pri n cipl e o f e qu lity is s a ncti o ne d Th o s e w ho h av e a dvis e d

a .

t he e mpl o ym e nt o f fo rc e th o s e w ho h av e se t it in m ti o n th o s e ,
o ,

w ho h av e b e n its l e d e rs thi n k o nly o f th e ir o w n s a fe ty

e a , .

A numb e r o f t he pri nc e s l e av e t he ki ngd o m a nd e migr ti o n , a

c o mm nc e s e .

The Co mt e d A rto is had b e e n the first t o giv e t he sig na l fo r

’

it his d e p a rtur e c aus e d m e much gri e f I l o v e d him it ne e d e d .

a ll t he fo rc e o f my r e a s o n t o k e e p m e fr o m fo ll o wi ng him a nd t o ,

e n bl e m e t o r e sist t he e ntr e a ti e s m a d e t o m e o n his b e h a lf by

a

M ad a m e de Ca rig na n t o j o i n him at Turi n I t w o uld be ,

.

a gr e a t mist a k e f o r a ny o ne t o c o n clud e fr o m my r e fus a l th a t I

bl am e d th o s e w ho e migrat e d I did no t bl a m e th e m but I ,

bl am e d t he e migrati o n N e arly a ll the n res we re actu ate d .

’
e
’

by a no bl e s e ntim e nt a nd by a d e e p d e v o ti o n t o the r o y a l c aus e ;

but e migrati n w as a fa ls e st e p Wh at e v e r m y h av e b e e n its
o . a

m o tive wh e th e r t he fe a r o f d nge r o ffe nd e d s e lf l o ve the wish

,
a ,
-
,

t o r e c o v e r by fo rc e o f a rms wh t had b e e n l o st o r t he id e a o f a a ,

d uty t o fulfi l it a pp e a r e d t o m e u nd e r a ll the s e a sp e cts but a

, ,

p o o r c a lcul ati o n .

Th e re c o uld h av e b e e n a ne c e ssity fo r e migrati ng only in t he ,

c a s e o f p e rs o nal d nge r g a i nst which Fra nc e c o uld h ave o ffe re d

a a a

no r e fug e o r no su f fici e ntly s a fe re fuge th t is t o say in c a s e o f

, ,
a ,

ge ne r a l d ange r fo r t he no bl e s This d ange r did no t e xist th e n .

it might be pre ve nt e d whil e t he first e ffe ct o f e migra ti o n w as t o ,

B r rd J urd d L u y issu d fr m
1
e na o an b l f m ily f N r m
e dy b r i
a na ,
e o a no e a o o an , o n n
1 74 t h B still
0 a f which his f th r w
t e a g v r r ; h ls fill d this p st
e, o a e as o e no e a o e o as

succ ss r M d Ju m ilh c Th p rt h pl y d duri g th tt ck f J uly 4 is

e o to . e a . e a e a e n e a a o 1
w ll k w h w h vi g b c m p ll d t surr d r h w m ss cr d with s v r l

*
e no n o a n e en o e e o en e e as a a e e e a
d f H uli
, ,

o fhis ffic rs i spit

o f h
e f rts f H éli
f ,
n e o th l d rs f h ss il ts
t e e o o e an o n, e ea e o t e a a an .

2
B e sid s e th e g v rn r
o e o de L a na u y
his s ldi rs th p pl m ss cr d th
and o e ,
e eo e a a e e

P reu bt des M a rcha n ds, f w d ys ft r t he i nt e nd nt F o ul n and his

'
F le sse lle s, a nd, a e a a e a o

S
,

so n in law ,
-
e-
B rti r
e de a uvigny i nt e nd n t f P ris a o a

t —
.
,

P v fth M
ro o st o e e rc han s ffiah o im il th t fL d M y
ce s i E gl d
ar t o a o or a or n n an .
96 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

cre at e it N o t all t he no bl e s no r e ve n t he m aj o rity o f th e m

.
, ,

w e re abl e to l e ave t he ki ngd o m A ge se x infi rm itie s l a ck o f .

, , ,

m o ne y and o th e r c aus e s no t l e ss p o w e rful we r e a n i nsup e rabl e

, ,

o bst a cl e t o a l a rg e numb e r O n ly a p o rti o n o f th e m th e n c o uld

.
, ,

g o a br o a d a nd,
this a bs e nt p o rti o n must i ne vit a bly c o mpr o mis e

th o s e w ho r e m a i ne d O bj e cts o fsu sp ic io n w hic h s o o n d e ge ne ra t e d

.
,

i nt o h atre d the no bl e s w ho c o uld no t l e ave t he c o u ntry must

, , ,

thro ugh fe a r swe ll the numb e r o f t he ruli ng p a rty o r b e c o m e

, ,

its victims .

The o nly l o ss with which as ye t t he spirit o f lib e rty thr e at e ne d

t he no bility w a s th a t o f its titl e s and privil e ge s
,
By e migra ti o n .

this l o ss w as no t pre ve nt e d whil e by it t he Fre nch a rist o cracy

,

ra n t he risk o f a ddi ng t o this l o ss a still gr e a t e r o ne th a t o f ,

th e ir e st at e s H o w e ve r p a i nful fo r t he no bility t he l o ss o f th e ir
.

titl e s a nd privil e ge s m ay h ave b e e n it w as i nc o mp a rably l e ss so ,

th an t he situ a ti o n to which th e y w e re go i ng t o b e re duc e d by t he

simpl e fo rfe iture o f th e ir r e v e nu e s The l o ss o f titl e s a l o ne .

c o uld b e s o ft e ne d by the c e rt a i nty th at it w as no t irre p a rabl e and ,

by the h e p e th at it might e ve n b e re p a ire d I n a gre a t and a nci e nt .

m o na rchy the spirit o f e qu ality c a rri e d t o its utm o st c o u s e

, ,

q u e nc e s is a dis e as e e ss e nti a lly tr ansi e nt and this dis e as e might

, ,

h av e b e e n l e ss s e ve re and o f much s ho rte r durati o n ha d it b e e n

l e ss c o mb ate d But pro p e rty o nc e l o st c o uld no t b e a s e asily
.

r e st o r e d as titl e s ; it might h ave b e e n transfe rre d and h ave p ass e d ,

thro ugh so m any h ands as t o m ak e it imp o ssibl e e ve r t o re c o v e r

it and e v e n d a nge ro us t o att e mpt t o do so The l o ss o f pro p e rty
,
.

wo uld th e n b e an i ncurabl e dis e as e no t o nly fo r t he no bl e s but , ,

fo r t he e ntir e S t at e t he na tur a l o rg a n iz a ti o n o f which c o uld b e

,

but imp e rfe ctly re st o re d as l o ng a s o ne o f its e ss e nti a l e l e m e nts

no l o ng e r e xist e d e xc e pt p artly F o r no bility a n e ss e nti a l e l e m e nt
, .
,

o f a m o na rchy is no t a simpl e e l e m e nt a nd birth with o ut w e a lth

, , ,

o r w e alth with o ut birth d o e s n o t c o n stitut e p o litic a lly sp e a ki ng , ,

a p e rfe ct no bility .

O ne c o uld sc arc e ly d e lud e o ne s s e lf so fa r as t o b e li e v e th at

’

wh a t t he e ntire cl a ss o f t he no bl e s with t he m e ans o f acti o n a nd ,

i nflu e nc e th at r e m a i ne d t o it had fa il e d to d e fe nd a nd pre s e rve

, ,

c o uld h ave b e e n re c o v e re d with t he m e re h e lp o f th at p o rti o n o f

t he no bility which had e migr at e d A ll its h o p e w o uld th e n .
98 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

th e re w as no o th e r w ay o f e scapi ng Th e s e vi e ws if a no th e r .
,

o rd e r o f t hi ngs sh o uld s o m e day b e br o ught a b o ut will I h o p e , , ,

b e g e ne ra lly sh a r e d by t he m e n w ho m ay p e rh aps still h av e t o

s t ruggl e aga i nst t he r e vo luti o na ry t o rr e nt .

I r e s o lv e d t h e r e fo r e no t t o l e av e Fr a n c e u ntil c o nstr a i ne d t o
, , ,

do so by p e rs o nal d ang e r ; t o do no thi ng t o pr o v o k e it no t t o ,

struggl e ag i nst a t o rre nt which must b e a ll o we d t o p ass but t o

a

h o ld mys e lf in a p o siti o n e nabli ng m e t o s av e th o s e w ho c o uld

b e s ve d t o r a is e no o bst a cl e b e twe e n o pp o rtu nity a nd mys e lf
a , ,

a nd t o h o ld mys e lf in r e a di ne ss f o r it .

The d e pu t i e s o f t he third o rd e r b e fo r e triumphi ng o v e r t he

tw o o th e rs h d b e e n e ng a g e d in dr a wi ng up a d e cl a r a ti o n o f
a

rights in imit ati o n o f th a t m ad e by t he E nglish C o l o ni e s wh e n ,

th e y pro cl a im e d th e ir i nd e p e nd e nc e Th e y c o nti nu e d to pre p a re

.

it fte r the fusi o n o f t he o rd e rs This d e cl a ra ti o n w as no thi ng

a .

m o re t h an a th e o ry o f e qu a lity a th e o ry which m ay b e summ e d

,

U p as fo ll o ws

Th e re is no re a l diffe re nc e a nd th e r e o ught t o b e no p e r
,

m a ne nt disti ncti o n b e twe e n m e n o th e r th a n th a t which pr o c ds

, ,
ee

fro m p e rs o na l m e rit The disti ncti ns which a re i nh e re nt t o t he

. o

t e nure o f o ffi c e s a re ccid e nt a l a nd o ught t o b e t e mp o ra ry in

a ,

o rd e r t h a t t he right which e a ch citiz e n has t o pr e t e n d t o t h e m ,

ne e d no t b e illus o ry A ll p o litic a l p o we r pr o c e e ds fro m t he p e o pl e

.

a nd r e tur n s t o th e m To th e m a l o ne b e l o ngs t he s o v e r e ig nty

. .

Wh a t th e y wish is t he law a nd no thi ng is law but wh a t th e y wish

, .

I f th e y c anno t e x e rcis e t he s o v e r e ig nty th e ms e lv e s which is t he ,

c as e wh e n th e ir numb e rs a re t o o gr e a t fo r a ss e mbli ng t o g e the r it ,

must b e e x e rcis e d by r e pre s e nt ativ e s o f th e ir ch o ic e w ho c an do ,

a ll which th e y c o uld do th e ms e lv e s a n d wh o s e p o w e r is th e r e fo r e
,

with o u t limi t .
”

T he i n c o mp a tibility o f a n h e r e dit a ry m o na rchy with such a

th e o ry w as fl agr ant H o we ve r t he A ss e mbly wish e d in g o o d
.
, ,

f ith t o pre s e rve the m o na rchy and t o apply t o it t he r e public a n

a ,

th e o ry which fo u nd u nive rs a l supp o rt I t did no t susp e ct th at it .

w as di f fi cult t o c o ncili a t e th e m ig no ra nc e is so pr e sumptu o us ,

a nd p a ssi o ns a re so bli nd By t he b o ld e st and m o st i ns o l e nt o f

.

usurp ati o ns t he A ss e mbly a rro g at e s t o its e lf this s o ve re ig nty

,

which it attribut e s t o t he p e o pl e ; it d e cl a re s its e lf c o nstitut e d th at ,

 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 99

is t o say i nve st e d with t he right t o d e stro y all t h at e xists and t o ,

subs titute in its pl a c e all th a t m y pl e as e its e lf a .

I t w as a sad c e rt ai nty t h at if t he g o v e r n m e nt wish e d t o dis

s o lve it it w o uld no t o b e y and th at no o ne w as in a p o siti o n t o fo rc e
, ,

it t o b e di e nc e To a rgu e aga i nst it wo uld h ave s e rve d no purp o s e

o . .

I n r e stricti ng o ne s s e lf t o c o nt e s t i ng t he p o we r it cl a im e d o ne did
’

no t pr e v e n t its a cti ng ; t o pr o t e st a g a i nst its a cts w s a m e a sur e a

full o f d ang r a nd u nlik e ly t o h ave the d e sire d e ffe ct But the

e ,
.

ki ng c o uld s y t o it a

Y o u h o ld as a prin ip l th a t t he so v e r e ig nty b e l o ngs t o t he

c e

p e o pl e Y o u h o ld in f t th a t it has d e l e g at e d t o yo u t he e x
. ac

e rc ise o f it in its pl e nitud e I h av e my d o ubts up o n th a t t o .

,

say t he l e a st I t is ne c e ss ry ab o ve a ll b e fo r e g o i ng a ny furth e r
. a , , ,

t h a t t his qu e sti o n b e d e cid e d I do no t pr e t e nd t o m a k e mys e lf .

t he judg e ; ne ith e r c a n yo u b e ; but this p e o pl e is a j udg e th a t

yo u c anno t ch a ll e ng e I will i nt e rr o g a t e it ; le t its a nswe r b e

.

”
o ur law .

A ll t he pro b abiliti e s a re th at if skilfully h andl e d t he p e o pl e , , ,

a t a tim e wh e n r e v o luti o na ry id e a s ha d no t e t t a i n t e d t h e
y
m a ss e s a nd wh e n wh at h av e si nc e b e e n c all e d r e v o luti o nary
,

i nt e r sts did no t ye t e xist w uld h ave discl a im e d t he d ctri ne s

e ,
o o

a nd dis appr o v e d t he pr e t e nsi o n s o f t he A ss e mbly N o thi ng th e n .

wo uld h av e b e n e a si e r th a n t o diss o lv e it B e i ng thus c o nd e m ne d

e .
,

t h e s e d o c t ri ne s a n d th e s e pr e t e nsi o n s w o uld h av e b e e n so fo r

e ve r I f t he p e o pl e o n the c o ntra ry had s ancti o ne d th e m by

.
, ,

th e ir vo t e s th e y wo uld th e n h ave b e e n subj e ct e d t o a ll th e ir

,

c o ns e qu e nce s a nd j ustly subj e ct e d t o th e m h avi ng b e e n abl e t o

, ,

pr s rve the ms e lve s a nd no t h avi ng will e d t o do so ; a nd no

e e

sh a re o f re sp o nsibility wo uld h ave re st e d o n t he m o narch Fro m .

a n a pp e a l t o t he p e o pl e th e r e w o uld h av e fo ll o w e d it is tru e
, , ,

t h e ne c e ssi t y o f r e c o g nizi ng him as s o v e re ig n if he so d e cl a r e d ,

hims e lf a nd this it will p e rh aps b e s a id w as a thi ng to b e avo id e d

, ,

at an
y pric e But t h e a pp
. e l t o t h e p e 0 p 1e a t t he st a g e a

which w as re a ch e d w o uld no t h ave cre at e d t his ne c e ssi ty ; it

,

wo uld o n t he c o ntra ry h ave pre s e nt e d t he s l e ch anc e which

, ,
o

still e xist e d o f avo idi ng it in re nd e ri ng it fro m b e i ng pre s nt

, , ,
e

a nd a bs o lut e a s it w as c o nti ng e nt a n d simply p o ssibl e Th e .

,

A ss e mbly a ttribut e d t o its e lf a p o we r a scribi ng its fo u nd ati o n t o ,

H 2
1 00 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

t he s o ve re ig nty o f the p e o pl e and which c o uld h av e no o th e r

, .

This s o ve re ig nty w as th e re fo re a ck no wl e dge d a s s o o n as this

p o we r w as a ck no wl e dge d and th e re w as a n abs o lut e ne c e ssity
,

fo r a ck no wl e dgi ng it u nl e ss t he A ss e mbly c o uld b e fo rc e d t o

,

re tra ct o r t o diss o lve ( tw o thi ngs e qu a lly imp o ssibl e ) o r the ,

p e o pl e c o uld b e le d t o pro no u nc e aga i nst its d e cisi o ns which ,

c o uld no t b e d one with o ut m aki ng th e m t he j udge I n this c a s e .

,

t he p e o pl e w o uld a s I b e li e v e h av e fulfil l e d t he h o p e s pl a c e d in
, , ,

th e m —o r w o uld h ave b e tray e d th e s e h o p e s I n t he fi rst sup

,
.

p o siti o n he w o uld h av e crush e d t he e vil a t its birth a nd c aus e d ,

t he R e v o luti o n t o pr o v e ab o rtiv e ; in t he s e c o nd he w o uld ,

h ave r e nd e re d i ne vit abl e th at which c o uld o nly h ave b e e n p re

v e nt e d by his o w n i nt e rfe re nc e which w o uld no t h ave e xt e nd e d
, ,

but h ave simply re v e al e d t he m ag nitud e o f t he e vil The .

a dv n t ag e o f such a c o urs e w o uld h av e b e e n t o m a k e it no

a

l o nge r p o ssibl e t o e nt e rt a i n a ny d e lusi o n as t o t he r e a l nature

o f t his e vil ; it w o uld n o l o ng e r h a v e o ccurr e d t o a nyb o dy t o

ch e ck it by m e ans th at we r e o nly c alcul at e d t o a ggrav at e it I t .

w o uld h ave b e e n fe lt th at u ntil it had p a ss e d thro ugh all its

,

ph as e s o fd e v e l o pm e nt th e re w as no re m e dy t o b e e xp e ct e d fro m
,

wi t hi n its c o nt agi o us ne ss w o uld h av e b e c o m e pl ai n t o a ll a nd ,

Euro p e wo uld no t h ave r o ck e d he rs e lf a s she did in a fals e a nd , ,

p e rnici o us s e curity Thus e ve n by t he w o rst supp o siti o n the

.
, ,

a pp e a l t o t he p e 0 p 1e w o uld h a v e b e e n a st e p o f t he gr e a t e st

utility with o ut a ny a dmixture o f i nc o nv e ni e nc e Why th e n w as

,
.

it no t r e s o rt e d t o ? Fr o m pr ej udic e p e rh a ps o r fr o m p a ssi o n
, , ,

fo r i n d e e d pr ej udic e s and p a ssi o ns w e r e no t a ll o n t he o ne sid e

p e rh aps a ls o b e c aus e this re m e dy did no t o ccur t o any o f the
, ,

m e n w ho fo rm e d th e n t he c o u n cils o f t he ki ng .

A ft e r a fe w a tt e mpts at fo rc e ab a nd o ne d a lm o st as s o o n as
,

c o nc e ive d th e y trus t e d e ntire ly t o i ntrigu e to d e stro y a p o we r

,

th at th e y had a ll o w e d t o b e c o m e t o o stro ng t o b e re stra i ne d ,

o r e v e n dir e ct e d by so fe e bl e a m e ans The A ss e mbly w as

,
.

th e re fo re l e ft a lm o st t o its e lf I n t he midst o f the p assi o ns

.

which agit a t e d it it s o o n l o st sight o f a ll t he c o nstitu e nt pri nci

,

pl e s o f s o ci e ty I t no l o nge r k ne w th at th e re is fo r civil s o ci e ty
.

a ne c e ss ary m o d e o f o rg a niz a ti o n with o ut which it c 0uld no t

e xist .
1 02 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

th e ir p o pul a rity The t o rre nt fo rm e d by ig no ra nc e a nd p assi o n .

was so vi o l e nt th a t it w as imp o ssibl e t o st e m it .

Th o s e w ho fo re s aw its rav age s m o st cl e a rly we re c o mp e ll e d ,

t o c o nfi ne th e ms e lve s as much as prud e nc e a ll o w e d t o pl ayi ng a ,

p assive p a rt .

This I re s o lve d t o do o n m o st qu e sti o ns H o we ve r I fe lt .

,

th at I o ught t o sp k o n s e v ra l m tte rs r l ative t o S t t e ea e a e a

fi n n c I o pp o s e d t he cr e at i n f p a p e r m o ne y a nd t he r e ducti n
a e . o o ,
o

o f t he i nt e r e st o n t h e n a t i na l d e b t I e st a blish e d in a r ath e r o .
,

e xt e nsiv e e ss a y t he pri n cipl e s o n which I be li e v e d a na ti o na l ,

b a nk sh o uld b e fo u nd e d I pro p o s e d t he e st ablishm e nt o f u ni .

fo rmity in w e ights a nd m e a sur e s I ch a rg e d mys lf a ls o wi t h . e , ,

t he r e p o rt o f t he C o n stituti o na l C o mmitt e e n Public I nst ru c o

ti o n To acc o mplish this gre at wo rk I c o nsult e d the m o st l e rne d

.
1
,
a

m e n a nd t he m o st pro mi ne nt sch o l ars o f t he tim e

,
m o ngst wh o m ,
a

I m yma e n ti M d L gr g M d L av o isi e r M de la Pl a c e
o n e a a n e e
3
.
,
2
.
, .
,

M M o ng e M de C o n d o rc e t M V icq d A yr a nd M de la
.
,
2
.
, .
’
z ,
3 .

f ll wi ng is b ri f st t m n t f the p rt pl y d b y T ll yr nd t th C o n
1
The o o a e a e e o a a e a e a a e

s t it nt A ss m b ly
ue H pr p s d th n llifi t i n f t h i m p r tiv m n d t s ( J uly 7
e e o o e e u ca o o e e a e a a e

l ct d m m b r f th e C m m itt e pp i nt d t dr ft c nstituti n (J ly
,

1 7 8 9) w as e e e e e o o e a o e o a a o o u

1 3) urg e d the suppr ssi n f tith s ( A ugust 1 1 ) c us d the d pti n f c rt i n rticl s

e o o e a e a o o o e a a e

in th d cl r ti n f rights ( A ugust 2 1 )
e e a a pr p s d pr p r m sure s t i nsur e a l o n
o o o o e o e ea o a

( A ugust pr p s d t pply t he w lth f t h cl rgy t the n ds f t h S t t

o o e o a ea o e e o ee o e a e

( O ct b r 1 0 ) pr s nt d p lic r gu l ti n f P ris ( N v m b r 5 ) pr p s d t m k
o e e e e a o e e a o or a o e e o o e o a e

a n i nv nt ry f t h pr p rti s
e o fth cl rgy ( N v m b e r 7 )
o e w as pp i n t d t o x m i ne
o e e o e e o e a o e e a

t h st te fth B nk o f D isc o u n t ( N o v e m b e r 2 6 )
a e o e r nd r d n cc u nt f this x m
a e e e a a o o e a

i m ti n ( D c e m b r 4 ) pr p s d t c nsid e r th J ws citiz ns ( J nu ry 28 1 790 )

a o e e o o e o o e e as e a a ,

pr p s d n ddr ss t o the p e pl e t i nduc e c l m n ss ( F b ru ry 9 ) l ct d P d n t

o o e a a e o o a e e a e e e re 5 1 e

o f th e A ss e m b ly b y 3 7 3 v o t s g i n st 1 25 f r S i ey es ( F b ru ry 2 6) pr p s d m e th d e a a o e a o o e a o

f r th
o c nv y nc e nd s l o f th n t i n l l nds ( J u n
e o e a a pp s e d t h issu f a e e a o a a e o o e e o

2 o oo oo o ooo
,
f fr ncs
,
f p p r m o n y ( S p t m b r 1 8) r e p rt d n th rights o f
,
o a o a e e e e e o e o e

r gistr ti n ( N v m b r
e a o sp e ch n th e c i n g f m ne y ( D c m b r
o e e e o e r -
o a e o o e e e

c us d th d pti n f pr j ct f l w n th u nific ti o n f w ights nd m e asur s

a e e a o o o a o e o a o e a o e a e

( M rch 2 6 a r p rt d n d cr e o f th D p rt m nt f P ris r l tiv e t o e o e o a e e e e a e o a e a

n public i n structi n ( S pt m b r
,

r ligi us f d m ( M y 7 ) dr w up
e o re e p rt
o a e a re o o o e e e

J s e ph L uis L gr nge b rn t Tu ri n in 1 73 6 o f F r nch p r nts w as t i ght n

2
o -
o a a , o a e a e , a e ee

y ars o f ge th first m th m tici n f E uro p I n 1 766 F d ri k I I c ll e d h im t

e a e a e a a o e re e c a o

B rli n s P re sid n t fthe A c d m y H c m t P ris in 1 786 nt r d th I n tit t

. .
,

e a e o a e . e a e o a , e e e e s u

in 1 7 9 5 w pp o i nt d s e n t r u nd e r the E m pir nd di d in 1 8 1 3
as a e a o e, a e

t P ris in 1 7 4 3 e n t e r d the A c d e m y f S ci nc e s t
, .

3 L ur nt L v isi r b rn a e a o e o a a e a o e a
, ,

tw nty fi e y rs f g nd bt i n d s n aft r the p st ff m i gen r l H

e -
v ea o a e, a o a e oo e o o er er o
e a e

A rre ste d unde r th Te rr o r he was guill ti ne d n

, , .

w as t h e first ch e m ist o f his ti m e . e ,

o o

M ay 8 7 94 1
B u n in 1 746 w t first pr f ss r t the S ch l o f
, .

1
G as pard M o ng e ,
‘
b o rn at ea e as a o e o a oo

H e nt e r e d th A c d m y o f S ci n c s in 1 780
,

E ngi ne e rs a t M ezi er e s M i nist r f e e a e e e e o

ft r A ugu st 1 0 h w s pp o i nt e d m m b e r o f the I n t it t H
. .

M rin a e a e c m ,
e a a a e s u . e ae o

p ni d N p l e n l t r t E gypt
a e a nd b e c m
o P r sid n t f t h I nsti t ut
o ,
a e f C ir o, o ,
a a e e e o e e o a .

N p o l e o n pp o i nt e d him s n t r nd C m t de P elus
a a H e di d in 1 8 1 8 e a o a o e e . e .

5
F e l ix V icq d A ir b o r n at V l o g ne s in 1 748 studi e d m e dici ne nd o p ne d in
’
z , a , , a e ,
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE DI N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 03

H arp e ssist e d m e The re put ati o n t his w rk h s

.
1
A ll a . o a

a cquir e d d e m a n d e d th t I sh o uld n m e t h e m a a .

A circumst nc e o ccurr e d in which in spit e o f all my re p u g a , ,

n a nc e I th ught it ne c e ss a ry t o c o m e t o t he fr o nt
,
o H e r e a re t he .

m o tive s which d e cid e d m e .

The A ss e mbly pr e t nd e d t o r e gul at e a l o ne a nd by civil law e

th at which u ntil th e n had b e e n re gul at e d o nly by a c o nc o urs e

o f t he spiri t u l a n d t e mp o r a l p o w e rs a n d by c a n o nic l a nd civil
a a

l aws I t m ad e a p a rticul a r c o nstituti o n fo r t he cl e rgy e x ac t i ng

.
2
,

fro m a ll the e ccl e si astics in fu ncti o n an o ath t o c nf rm t o it o o ,

u nd e r p a i n f b i ng c o nsid e re d r sig ni ng N rly all t h

o e as e . ea e

bish o ps re fus d t o do so a nd t h e ir s e ats b e i ng c nsid r d v a c a nt

e ,
o e e ,

t he c o nstitu e n ts no mi na t e d p e o pl e t fill t h e m Th e s e ne wly o .

e l e c t e d bish o ps w e r e o n ly t o r e a dy t o disp e n s e wi t h t h e in st it u o

ti o n give n by t h C ur t o f R o m e but th e y c o uld no t do wi t h u t e o o

t he pisc o p a l ch a r a ct e r which c o uld o nly b e c o nfe rr d up n t h m

e e o e

by m e n w ho had re c e ive d it I fno o ne sh uld b e f u nd t o c o n fe r . o o

it up o n th e m it w as gre a tly t o b e fe r d no t t h at a ll r e ligi o n

,
a e ,

w o uld b e pr scrib e d as c a m e t o p a ss a fe w y e rs a ft e r but wh at

o ,
a , ,

s e e m e d t o m e m o re d nge ro us s e e i ng th at it might h ve b e e n a a

m o r e l sti ng t h t t he A ss mbly by t he d o ctri ne s it ha d s anc

a ,
a e ,

t io ne d might s o o n fo rc e t he c o u ntry i nt o Pre sbyt e ri nism m r e

,
a ,
o

in a cc o rd with t he ruli ng O pi n i o ns a nd th a t Fr a n c e c o uld no t b e ,

draw n b a ck t o C ath o licism wh o s e hi e ra rchy a nd fo rms are in ,

h arm o ny with th o s e o f t he m o na rchic a l sys t e m I l e nt th e re .

,

fo re my s e rvice s t o c o ns e cr t e o ne o f t he ne wly e l e ct e d bish o ps

,
a -
,

w ho in his tur n c o ns e cr at e d t he o th e rs ,
.
3

1 brilli nt l e cture s n an t m y M m b e r o f the A c d e m y o f S ci e nc s

77 3 , a o a o e a e

f th F r n ch A c d m y wh re h succ d d Bu f
.

a nd o e e f n F irst physici n t a th e e e ee e o . a o e

l st ch nc e ll r f th ld A c d e m y ( J un
,

qu e en H w th e as which e a a o o e o a e,

w suppr ss d n A ugust 8 f ll wi ng H di e d J u n 20 1 7 94
as e e o o o e e

J F d l H rp b rn in P ris in 1 7 3 9 litt r t r nd critic Th lit r ry

. .
,
'
1
.
-
r . e a a e, o a ,
e a eu a . e e a

l c tur s h w ntrust d with t th st b lish m n t th t P ilat d R zi rs h d just

e e e as e e a e e a e a re es o e a

f u nd d u nd r th n m f Ly m d his r put ti n L H rp w rr st d und r

o e e e a e o
’

cee , a e e a o . a a e as a e e e

t h T rr r
e nd pr sc rib d n F ructid o r 1 8
e o a H di d in 1 80 3 o e o e e

v t d b y th A ss m b ly n J uly 1 2 1 790 I t is k n w n
, . .

Th c ivil c nstituti n w e o o as o e e e o , . o

th t it r duc d th nu m b r f di o c s s d cr d th l cti n by th p pl f b ish ps

a e e e e o e e , e ee e e e o e eo e o o

a nd cur t s n d suppr ss e d th
a e c n nic l i nstituti n This w th rigi n f th
, a e e a o a o . as e o o e

schism which divid d th C hurch f F r nce i nt sw rn nd u nsw rn cl rgy e e O a o o a o e .

T ll yr n d h d b n ch s n
3
a e c ns cr ti ng pr l t nd with him G b l Bish p
a a ee o e as o e a e a e, a o e , o

o f L ydd nd M i d t Bish p o f B b yl o n
a, a O n F bru ry 2 4 1 7 9 1 T ll yr n d
ro u o o a e a a e a

c ns e cr t d th first t w c nstituti n l b ish ps—E xpilly Bish p o f F ini ter nd

, .
, ,

o a e e o o o a o o s e, a

M ro ll s Bish o p o fA i ne —in th C hurch fth O r t ir R S t H o n ré

,

a e , s e o e a o e, ue . o .
1 04 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

This d o ne I gave in my r e sig nati o n o f t he bish o pric o f

,

A utu n a nd I th o ught o nly o f a b nd o ni ng t he fi rst c ar e e r I

,
a

h ad fo ll o w e d ; I put mys e lf a t t he disp o siti o n o f e v e nts a nd , ,

pro vid e d I re m ai ne d a Fr e nchm an a ll e ls e c o nt e nt e d m e , .

The R e v o luti o n pr o mis e d ne w d e sti ni e s fo r t he na ti o n ; I fo l

l o w e d its c o urs e a nd ran my ch a nc e s I d e vo te d t o it t he b e st .

o f a ll my e ne rgi e s b e i ng r e s o lv e d t o s e rv e my c o u ntry fo r h e rs e lf
, ,

a nd I pl a c e d a ll my h o p e s o n t he c o nstituti o na l pri n cipl e s th a t

w e re b e li e ve d t o be so ne a rly att a i ne d This e xpl a i ns ho w a nd .

why at s e ve ra l p e ri o ds I e nt e re d and re e nt e r e d public life ;

, , ,
-

i t a ls o thro ws light o n t he p a rt I h ave pl aye d .

A PP END I X .
1

N ote f M
o . de B a cou rt o n t he inte rv ie w s of P rince Talley ra nd
w ith the Com te d A rto is
’
.

W E wish this p ass age s o m e d e t ails which M de

to a dd to .

T a ll e yr and had ne gl e ct e d o r p e rh aps fo rgo tt e n .

I t is a p o sitiv e fa ct th a t at t he tim e t o which this p ass ag e

r e l at e s M de T a ll e yr a nd had s e v e ra l i nt e rvi e ws with t he C o mt e
, .

d A rt o is in which he s o ught t o c o nvi nc e t he pri nc e o f t he ne c e s

’

sit y f o r t a ki ng fo rcibl e m e asur e s nd whil e m a i nt a i ni ng t he ,

a

c o nc e ssi o ns which t he ki ng had a lre a dy m a d e t o re pre ss with ,

vigo ur t he p o pul a r agit a ti o n which w as m a nife sti ng its e lf d a ily ,

a n d which ha d a lr e a dy c a us e d bl o o dsh e d in t he str e e ts o f t he

c a pit a l The m o st imp o rt ant and t he l a st o f th e s e i nt e r

.
,

vi e ws t o o k pl a c e at M a rly o n t he night o f t he 1 6 th t o t he 1 7 th
,

o f J uly 1 7 8 9 th a t is t o say a f
, ,
e w h o urs b e fo r e t he pri n c e l e ft ,

Fra n c e Whe n M de T ll e yra nd pre s e nt e d hims e lf at t he

. . a

re sid e nc e o f t he C o mt e d A rto is this pri nc e had a lre a dy re tire d ’

, ,

but ne ve rth e l e ss re c e ive d him fo r a n i nte rvi e w which l a st e d m o re

th an t wo h o urs M de T a ll e yrand e xp o s e d a ne w all t he d a nge rs
. .

o f t he situ a ti o n a nd b e gge d t he pri nc e t o m a k e t h e m k no w n t o

,

t he ki ng The Co mt e d A rt o is w as much a ffe ct e d a r o s e and re

’
.
,

p a ire d t o the ki ng a nd a fte r quit e a pro l o nge d abs e nc e re turne d

, , ,

t o d e cl a r e t o M de T a ll e yr a nd th at n o t hi ng c o uld b e e ffe ct e d
.

with t he ki ng w ho w as re s o lve d t o yi e ld r th e r th a n t o c aus e a

,
a

si ngl e dro p o f bl o o d t o b e sh e d by re sisti ng the p o pul a r o utbre aks .

A s fo r m e a dd e d t he C o mt e d A rt o is my d e cisi o n is m ad e
“ ” ’

, ,

1
Se e p age 94 .
1 06 T H E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

M de T a ll e yrand ; t o which t he C o mt e d A rt is re pli e d I

.
’
o ,
“

re c ll e ct t he circumst a nc e p e rfe ctly a nd M de T a ll e yra nd s

o ,
.
’

a cc o u n t is e x a ct in e v e ry p a rticul r
”
a .

H avi ng b e e n i nfo rm e d th a t M de V itr o ll e s ha d r e l a t e d this .

a ne cd o t e t o s e v e r a l p e rs o ns w e th ugh t it a dvis a bl e t o pp e a l ,
o a

t o his m e m o ry a nd t o his l o y a l t y To j ustify this e xpr e ssi n . o

l o y a lty it must b e t o ld th a t M de V itro ll e s a ft e r t he R e vo lu

”
,
.
,

ti o n o f J uly 1 8 3 0 had c e as e d all i nt e rc o urs e with M de

, , .

T a ll e yrand a nd e xpre ss e d hims e lf v e ry s e ve re ly in re g a rd t o

,

him This will e xpl a i n t he t o ne o f h o stility a nd o f bitt e r

.

n e ss which p e rv a d e s M de V itr o ll e s l e tt e r which w e i ns e rt h e r e

’
.
, .

W e t hi nk th at fo r t he re a d e r as fo r us this h o stility will o nly , ,

furth e r c o nfirm t he si nc e rity o f M de V itro ll e s d e cl a r ati o n .

’

a n d t he a uth e nticity o f t h e p a ss g e in t he m e m o irs o f M a .

de T a ll e yr a nd The slight div e rg e n c e which will b e o bs e rv e d

.

b e twe e n t he cc o u nt giv e n t o us by M de T a ll e yr nd a nd th a t
a . a

f M de V itr o ll e s l e tt e r will e xpl i n its e lf na tur a lly a s t he

’
o . a

e ff e ct o f t he tim e th a t h a d e l a ps e d si n c e t h e o ccurr e nc e a nd ,

which had m o difi e d t he r c o ll e cti o ns o f t h t w o na rr at o rs I t e e .

,

ne v e r t h e l e ss r e m a i ns a f c t th a t in J uly 1 7 89 M de T a ll e yra n d
,
a , , , .

b e li e ve d th at t he pr gre ss o f re v luti o na ry e ve nts might b e o o

a rr e st e d th a t he h a d t h e m o r a l c o ur a g e t o sa y so a nd t o p ro
, ,

p o s e t o u nd e rt a k e t o ch e ck it H e is no t t he nly o ne p e rh a ps . o , ,

w ho b o a st e d o f so d o i ng a ft e rw a rds w thi n k w e h av e pr o v e d e

th a t his b o a st a t l e ast w as no t u nj ustifi e d H e re is t he l e tt e r o f

, , .

M de V itro ll e s
.

TH E BA R O N DE V I TR O L L E S TO M . DE BA CO U R T .
1

P A R I S , Ap ril 6 t h, 1 85 2 .

Y o u a re g o o d e no ugh t o c o nsid e r as o f s o m e v a lu e t he
t e stim o ny I might fur nish r e sp e cti ng a p articul a r incid e nt in t he
life o f Pri nc e de T a ll e yrand ; I thi nk I c a nno t b e tt e r c o mply
with y o ur wish e s th a n in transcribi ng h e re wh at I wro t e m a ny
y e a rs ago , in c o nne cti o n with t he e v e nts o f 1 8 1 4 .

Wh e n H is M aj e sty t he Emp e ro r o f R ussi a a nd t he Pri nc e

1
A d lph
o e Fo uri r
B ac urt b o rn in 1 80 1 H e nt e r d dipl m acy in 1 82 2
e de o , . e e o ,

a nd w s s e nt a 1 8 3 0 t o L nd n in M d T ll e yr nd n tic d him th r e and o o . . e a a o e e ,

a tt ach e d him t his p rs o n I n 1 83 5 he w pp i nt d m i nist r t C rlsruh e nd

o e as a o e e a a a

th e n at W shi ngt o n 1 840 A m b ss d r to Turi n in 1 84 2 he r sig ne d in 1 84 8 H e

. , ,

a , . a a o ,
e .

h d b e e n pp o i n t d
a p e r o f F r nc D uri ng th e rly p rti n f his c ar r B c urt
a e a e a e e a o o o ee a o

t th H gu
.
,

h d m de
a a , ath cqu i nt nc f t h C m t d l M rck w h ntrust e d
e a e, e a a a e o e o e e a a , o e

t o him his c o rr sp o nd nc e with M ir b e u

e H publish d it in 1 85 1
e H e u nd rt o k a a . e e . e o

a ft e rw rds th pu b lic ti n f the pr s e nt m e m o irs ( I t is k n w n th t P ri nc de

a e a o o e . o a e

T all yr nd h d l e ft the c re f th ir pu b lic ti n t t he D uch ss e d D i n

e a a a his ni e c
o e a o o e e o, e,

a nd in c s e she di d t
, a M de B c o urt ) H e di d in 1 86 5
e ,
oH l e ft m e m o irs. a . e . e ,

pu b lish d si nc e by his ni e c e the C o m t e sse d M ir b e au

e ,
e a .
 TH E YE A R S P R E CE D I N G TH E R E VOL U TI ON 1 07

de T a ll e yr a nd w e re c o nvi nc e d th a t t h pre s e nc e o f t he ki ng s e
’

br o th e r e nd o we d with t he p o we rs o f li e ut e na nt —g e ne r l o f t he a

ki ngd m w as ne c e ss a ry a nd I w s b o ut t o l e ave wi t h t he bj e c t
o ,
a a o

o f i n duci ng M o n i u r t o r e tur n t o P ris I h ad s e v e r l c o n

s e a , a

fe re nc e s o n this subj e ct with t he Pr e sid e nt o f t he Pr o vis o ry

G o v e rnm e nt I n l s t i nt rvi e w t t he m o m e nt o f d e p a rtur
. a a e ,
a e,

w e h d t lk e d o f t h e c o n diti o ns a nd c e re m o ni e s fo r t he r c e p t i o n
a a e

o f M on gn u r A ft e r a m m e nt s sil n c e Pri n c e de T ll e y
’
se i e . o e ,
a

r nd s id wi t h his wh e e dli ng smil e nd in a t ne which he

a a , ,
a o

e n d e av o ur e d t o m k e c re l e ss a nd a lm o st i ndiff ae r e nt a

I b e g o f yo u t o ask t he C o m t e d A rt o is if he r e c o ll c t s
“ ’
e

t he l st o cc asi n o n which I
a w him ; it w a in t he m o nth
o sa s

o f J uly 1 7 89 Th e c o u rt w as at M a rly
, . Thre e o r fo ur o f .

my fri nds s t ruck lik e mys e lf wi t h t he rapidi ty and t h vi o l e n ce

e , e

o f t he a git ati o n which w sti rri ng a ll mi n ds re s o lve d with m e as ,

to cqu a i nt t he ki ng L o uis X V I wi t h t he r e a l situ at i n f

a , .
, o o

a ff irs which t h c o ur t a nd t he mi nist rs s e e m e d t o ig no r

a ,
e e e .

W e r e qu st e d H i M j e sty t o b e so ki n d as t o r e c e iv e us ;
e s a

w e d e sir d fo r his go o d es fo r o u r o w n th a t this a udi e n c a e

sh o uld b e k e pt s e cr t The r e ply w th at t he ki ng h d e . as a

ch arge d his bro th e r t he C o m t e d A rto i t re c e ive us ; t he ,

’
s, o

a pp i ntm e nt w as m ad e f
o o r M a rly in t h e p avili o n o ccupi e d by ,

t he C o m t e d A rt o i a l o ne W e a rrive d t h e r e a t mid nigh t

’
s . .
”

M de T ll e yr and na m e d t o m e t he pre cis e d t e nd t he

. a a ,
a

n a m e s o f t he fri e n ds w ho cc o mp ni e d him th e y w re m e mb e rs a a e

o f t h e N a ti o n l A ss e mbly nd o f th a t mi n rity o f t h e no bili t y

a a o

w ho w re in t he Third Est at e
e I r e c o ll e ct ne ith e r t he d a t e no r
t he n m s a e .

Wh e n w e w e re in t he p re s e nc e o f t he C mt e d A rto is
“
o
’

c o nti nu d M de T a ll e yra nd w e e xp o s e d t o him in a ll fr nk

e .
,
“
a

n ss t h e si t u a ti o n o f ff irs
e nd o f t he S t a t e as it a pp e a r e d t o
a a ,
a ,

us W e s a id t o him th at it w a gre t mist ak e t o b e li e v e th a t

. as a

t he a git a ti o n which w s stirri ng a ll mi n ds c o uld e sily b e a a

c a lm e d I t w s no t by d e l ays c uti o n and fe w c o nc e ssi ns

. a ,
a ,
a o ,

t h a t t he da ng e rs which m e n c d Fr n c th thro ne a nd t h a e a e, e , e

ki ng c o uld b e av rt e d I t w by a n ne rge t ic displ y o f t he e . as e a

ro y a l u t h ri ty wis ly a nd skilfully mpl o y e d W k n w t he

a o ,
e e . e o

ways a nd t he m e an s a nd t h p o siti o n which w o uld e nabl e us t o e

u n d r t k e t his nd gu rant o u r succ di ng if t h o n

e a ,
a a ee ee ,
e c

fi de nce o f t h ki n g sh uld e nt rus t us wi t h it e Th e C o m t e o .

d A rt o i lis t e ne d t o us a tt e ntiv e ly a n d fully u nd e rs t o d us

’
s ,
o ,

t h o ugh he w s p e rh a ps i n cli ne d t a t hi n k t h a t w e w e r e e x a g
, ,
o

ge r t i ng t he d a nge r o f t he si t u t i n nd o u r imp rt anc in

a a o a o e

r m e dyi ng
e it But a h s id t o us he had o nly b n
.
,
s e a ,
ee

i nstruct d by t h ki ng t h e a r us a nd t o r p o rt t o him wh t
e e o ,
e a
1 08 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

we wish e d t o m ak e k no w n t o him he had no answ e r t o give

us and no p o we r t o e ng ag e t he will o r t he wo rd o f t he ki ng
, .

Wh e n we had r e a ch e d this p o i nt w e b e gge d o f t he Co mt e ,

d A rto is p e rmissi o n t o a dd th a t if t he a pplic ati o n w e no w

“ ’

m ad e c o nsci e nti o usly a nd in g o o d fa ith w as no t a ppre ci at e d i f ,

it had no e ffe ct a nd le d t o no re sult M ons gne u r must no t ,

ei

b e a st o nish e d if no t b e i ng a bl e t o r e sist t he t o rre nt which

,

thr e at e ne d t o c arry all b e fo r e it w e sh o uld supp o rt the ne w ,

st a t e o f a ffa irs A sk I pr a y yo u o f M o ns i u r
.
,
re p e at e d ,
e ,
”

M de T a ll e yrand if t he c o nv e rs a ti o n o f th a t night ha s l e ft
.
,
“

a ny tr a c e in his m e m o ry I t w a s a lm o st at t he v e ry tim e
“
'

wh e n he l e ft Fra nc e .
”

I a dmir e d t he subtilty o f this mi nd which fo u nd in o ne o f , ,

its re c o ll e cti o ns an e xpl ana ti o n a n e xcus e a nd a lm o st a j us

, , ,

t ifi cat io n o f a ll his r e v o luti o na ry life he c o uld h av e fo u nd m any

o th e rs t o s e rv e him in v e ry diff e r e n t a nd e v e n c o ntr a ry circum

st a nc e s I n liste ning t o this st o ry which w as re l at e d with a s o rt

.
'

o f i ndiff e r e nc e a nd u na ff e ct e d simplicity I t o o k t he lib e rty o f ,

d o ubti ng wh e th e r wh a t might re m ai n in t he m e m o ry o f M onsi ur e

w o uld b e e ntir e ly c o ns o na nt with t he w o rds I ha d j ust h e a rd .

H o w e v e r wh e n at N ancy I r e m e mb e r e d t he r e qu e st o f M de
, , , .

T a ll e yrand M onse gne ur s aid t o m e with o ut e nt e ri ng i nt o a ny

,
i ,

d e t a il th at he had no t fo rgo tte n this circumst anc e a nd th at all

, ,

I had r e p e at e d t o him w as t he e x a ct truth .

I h o p e S ir th a t this t e stim o ny will m e e t with y o ur e xp e ct a

, ,

ti o ns I th a nk yo u fo r h avi ng o ffe re d m e this o pp o rtu ni t y o f

.

givi ng yo u the assuranc e o f my high e st re gard .

BA R O N D E V I TR OL L E S .

E N D O F TI I E FI R ST P AR T .
1 10 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

the A rchbi sh o p g ai nst th e pa rle m e nts—M an d M d m e de

of To ul o u se a . .

S em o nv ill e —A l o an o f ! 1 6 ooo ooo —G e n e r a l di sc o n t e n t o f t he p e 0 p 1e

—L o u i s X V I r e fu se s t o a ll o w th e D u e d O rléans t o go o n a v i sit t o
, ,
’
.

E n gl an d —D iffe r e n c e s b e tw e e n t h e Q u e e n an d t h e D u e d O rléa n s
’

T ri a no n—Th e D u c d O rléa ns b e c o m e s th e h e a d o f all m al c o nt e n t s—M

’
.

de L i m o n s a bility —A bb e S a b ati e r de C a br e —Th e lits de j u stice—The

’

M a r q ui s de L am o g n o n—Th e e di c t o f 1 7 87 and th e P r o t e st an t s—Th e

s itti n g of N o vem b e r 1 7 87 — M d E spre sm énil— P ubli c pr o t e st
’
19 ,
.

o f t h e D u e d O rlé an s a g a i n s t th e
’
k i ng s o rd e r s— Le pe lle t ie r de S t ’
.

F a rg e a u —I m pri so nm e n t o f t h e A bb é s F r et e a u an d S a b a t i e r —E xil e o f
t h e D u e d O rléa ns—P o pul a r o u tbur st o fsy m p a th y o n thi s m e a sur e b e i ng
’

k no w n— I n t e r v e n ti o n o f th e p a rle m e n t o f P ari s—E n e rg e ti c a t ti tud e o f

L o ui s X V I —T h e D u c d O rléa n s fo rgi v e n by th e k i n g — S trug gl e b e tw e e n
’
.

M de B ri e nne and th e p a rle m e n ts— S tri nge n t m e a sur e s o f t he g o v e r n

.

m e n t — P r e m o nit o ry sy m p t o m s o f t h e R e v o l u ti o n R i o t in t h e F a ub o urg -

S t A n t o i ne —M de L a cl o s—A bb é S i ey es—P r oj e ct o f r e fo rm s dr a w n u p
.
-
.

b y t he D u e d o rl ean s fo r th e S t a t e s G e n e r a l —J u dg m e n t o f P ri nc e
’ -

Ta ll e yr an d o n th e p o litic a l p art pl a y e d b y t h e D u e d O rléans—Th e

’

o rigi n a n d c a u se s o f t h e R e v o l uti o n .

TH E priva t e m e m o irs a nd l iv e s o f c e l e bra t e d m e n are t he

s o urc e o f tru e hist o ry ; as c o mp a re d with tra di t i o n which is ,

a lw ys cre dul o us a nd e ve n sup e rstiti o us th e y s e rv e t o criticiz e its

a ,

a cc o u nts o r t o supp o rt th e m a nd h e lp with it t o giv e hist o ry ,

t he ch a r a ct e r o f a uth e nticity t o which it l a ys cl a im .

By this m e ans t he tim e s o fH e nry I I I H e nry I V L o uis X I I I .

, .
, .
,

a nd o f L o uis X I V h ave b e c o m e w e ll k no w n a nd the hist o ry o f

.
, ,

th e s e re ig ns has b e e n r e c e ive d with m o re c o nfid e nc e The fo ll o w .

ing p e ri o d th o ugh ne a r e r t o t he d a ys w e liv e in has no t up t o t he

, , ,

pre s e nt b e e n so favo ura bly tre at e d it ha s no t fur nish e d us with

,

such abu nd a nt s o urc e s o f i nfo rm ati o n I t s e e ms th a t tr aditi o ns .

a l o ne fo u n d e d t he hist o ric a l fa cts ge n e r a lly b e li e v e d with r e g a rd

t o th e s e tim e s .

The S i cle de L u is X I V by M de V o lt a ir e is a pro ducti o n

‘

e o .
, .
,

su i g ne ris
e I t b e l o ngs t o t he styl e o f m e m o irs by its simpl e
.
,

n a tur a l t o ne a nd t h e m e nti o n o f a fe w a ne cd o t e s but it o ft e n

, ,

ris e s t o ge ne r al vi e ws o f a l o fty a nd sup e ri o r o rd e r I t is .

e vid e n t th a t M de V o lt a ir e did no t i nt e nd t o writ e t he hist o ry

.

o f t he r e ig n o f L o uis X I V a nd th a t he wish e d t o c o n fi ne him

.
,

s e lf t o sk e tchi ng in bro a d o utli ne t he chi e f e ve nts o f th at re ig n .

A w e ll writt e n life o f M de Co lb e rt o r o f M de L o uv o is
-
. .
 TH E D U C D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 1 1

w o uld give a c o rre ct id e a o f wh at t he g o v e r nm e nt o f th at gr e a t

ki ng w A wo rk o f this ki n d o n t he mi nistry f t he D u e de
as . o

C h o is e ul w o uld a cqu a i nt us with t he spirit which pr e v a il e d a t

c o urt a nd in t he admi nistrati o n u nd e r t he re ig n o f L o uis X V
I h av e th o ught th a t a pictur e o f t he life o f t he D u e d Orl ans
’ ’
e

wo uld give t he fe ature s a nd the c o l o ur o f the w e k and transi e nt a

re ig n o f L o uis X V I th a t it w o uld se t fo rth in a t angibl e m anne r

.

t he g e ne r a l l a xity o f public n d priv a t e m a nne rs u nd e r th a t

a

re ig n a w e ll a t he d grad ti o n in t he fo rm o f go ve rnm e n t a nd
,
s s e a

in t he h abits o f t he a dmi nis t r t i o n ; th a t a w o rk u nd e rt k e n witha a

this V i e w wo uld f ithfully d e pict the ch a ra ct e r o f an imp o rt a nt

,
a

p e ri o d o f Fr e nch hist o ry .

I n t he l a ps e o f thr e e c e n turi e s a t v e ry ne a rly e qu a l i nt e rv a ls , ,

t he fo rm o f g o v e r n m e nt in Fr nc e h a s b e e n thr e a t e ne d by a

o utbr e ks ae ch o f which b o r e a p r t icul a r s t a mp

,
a Th e fi rst a .

tw o,t he L gue a nd t he F ro nde

i h a st e ne d t he d e ve l o pm e nt ,

o f nati o na l gr e at ne ss a nd p o we r ; th e r e w as s o m e thi ng gra nd

a n d no bl e in t h a ud a city a nd in t he m e th o ds O f t h e Guis e s
e

a nd f C a rdi na l de R e tz it w s t he s e duc t i o n o f th at tim e

o : a .

A s fo r t he l st o utbre a k th a t which w e h av e j ust wit ne ss e d it

a , ,

has b e e n but a frightful c a t a str o ph e The Duc d O rléa ns w ho

’
.

m ad e hims e lf c o nspicu o us in it o nly j o i ne d in it fr o m his l o ve o f ,

dis o rd e r his c nt e mpt fo r d e c e ncy and his s e lf ab nd o nm e nt ;

,
o ,
-
a

such we re t he gl o ry t h t st e a nd the i ntrigu e s o f th o s e d ays

,
e a , .

I no w e nt e r up o n my subj e ct .

I c a nno t say wh a t p a rt t he diffe r e nt p a rti e s w ho rul e d in Fr a nc e

fr m t he b gi nni ng o f the R e v o luti o n will a scrib e to t he D u
o e e

d O rléa ns wh e n th e y d e pict e a ch fo r his o w n p o l gy t he gr e a t

’

, ,
a o ,

sc e ne s o f th at R e v o luti o n Pro vid e d th at th e y a ttribute t o .

him o nly wro ngs which c a n re sult fr o m t he m o st e xtr e m e

w a k n ss o f ch a r a ct e r t he fa cts o f t he c s e th o ugh no t c o rr e ct
e e ,
a , ,

will b e at l e ast pr b bl e H is e ntire life w o uld pro v e it The

o a . .

circums t a nc e s in which he w s pl a c e d ch a ng e d o ft e n but he as a , , ,

a child s a y o u ng m a n o r as a m a n o f m ture age w s a lways

,
a ,
a ,
a

a nd i nv a ri bly t h s a m e a e .

A lth o ugh I c a n fur n ish t he m o st curi o us a nd l e a st k no w n

d e t a ils c o nc e r ni ng t he life a nd ch ara ct e r o f t he D u e d O rléans I ’

w o uld a ll o w all r e c o ll e c t i o n o f t he m t o b e l o st t o my m e m o ry if
1 12 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

th e y w e re m e re ly m e ant to gratify curi o sity but it struck m e ,

th at th e y might s e rve s o m e us e ful e nd ; I th e r e fo re c o ll e ct e d

th e m .

I n a c o u ntry wh e r e s o m e e l e cti o n s still t ak e pl a c e it is ,

a dvis abl e t o fur nish t he ch a r a ct e ristic sig ns by which t he m e n

w ho o ught t o b e r e m o v e d fr o m t he th e tr e o f a ffa irs m ay b e a

re c o g niz e d The D u e d O rléans is a r e m a rk abl e i nst anc e o f t his

.
’
.

A ny m an w ho in y o uth a ffe cts d e e p c o nt e mpt fo r public

, ,

o pi n i o n a nd wh o s e h a bits b e sid e s a re so d e pr a v e d th at he d o e s
, , ,

n o t r e sp e ct hims e lf will wh e n he a dv a nc e s in y e a rs no t k n o w
, , ,

a ny o th e r limit t o his vic e s th a n t he st e rility o f his o w n im agi na

ti o n o r o f th at o f t he p e rs o ns w ho surro u nd him W e r e it no t .

imp o rt a nt t o k no w e x actly t he d e gre e o f c o ns a ngui nity which

e xist e d b e twe e n L o uis X V I a nd t he D u e d O rléa n s th e r e w o uld
’
.
,

b e no ne e d fo r m e t o say wh a t w e r e t he a dvan t ag e s t he fi rst

pri nc e o f t he bl o o d o f t he H o us e o f B o urb o n c o uld b o st I t a .

is by pl a ci ng t he l at t e r in t he midst o f a ll t he advant ge s he a

e nj o y e d it is by c o nfro nti ng him with all his o blig ati o ns th a t

, ,

his ch a ra c t e r will be b e tt e r u nd e rst o o d I t will b e s e e n wh a t he .

tra mpl d u nd e r fo o t wh a t ti e s he br o k e wh t s e ntim e nts he

e , ,
a

sm o t h e re d wh a t p o si t i o n he d e gra d e d
,
.

I t w as a p o we rful ti t l e t o t he l o v e o f t he Fr e nch t o b e
d e sc e nd e d fro m H e nry I V Franc e w as a ccus t o m e d t o r e v e re .

in t he fi rst pri n c e o f t he bl o o d t he fi rst o f subj e cts o ne w ho , ,

w as gr e at e no ugh t o pr o t e ct th o ugh no t t o o ppr e ss h e r w ho , ,

w as m o r e p o w e rful th a n a ny o th e r i ndividu l but l e ss p o w e rful a ,

th a n t he law and th a n t he ki ng w ho w as t he livi ng re pr e s e nt a

, ,

tive o f t he law H e w as o ne o f the m o st na t ura l ch anne ls by

.

which t he priva t e b e ne fi c e nc e o f t he ki ng c o uld d e sc e nd

up o n t he p e 0 p 1e a nd t he gr atitud e o f t he p pl e a sc e nd t o
,
eo

t he thro ne .
1

I t ne e d no t b e e xp e ct e d th a t I sh a ll giv e full d e t a ils a s t o t he

fi rst y e a rs o f the D u e de Ch artre s I will no t imi t at e th o s e w ho .

e nd e a v o ur t o s e e k in t he b abbli n gs o f a child t h e h o r o sc o p e o f his

vic e s a nd o f his vir t u e s I l e av e th a t t o p e rs o ns who writ e with

.

a sys t e m I h v e no ne a .

1
h re is h e r in T ll yr nd s
T e e a e a
’
o wn m an uscript a bl ank o f e ight l e av e s , fo r which
we h v e vai nly s o u ght e xpl anati o n
a .
 1 14 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

A m o ng t he p e rs o ns w ho a ssist e d in his e duc ati o n I o nly d are t o ,

m e nti o n t he Co mt e de P o nt M de C h at e a ubru n a nd M de ,
.
,
1
.

Fo nc e m ag ne ; I o nly na m e th e s e ge ntl e m e n b e c aus e th e y

2
,

h av e by t h e ms e lve s j ust cl a ims t o public e st e e m

, , .

The D u e de C h artr e s w as imp ati e nt t o r e a ch t he age o f i nd e

p e nd e n ce a n d th a t imp ,
a ti e n c e w a s n o t dict a t e d a s is t he c a s e ,

with no bl e mi nd e d y o u ng m e n by t he wish t o try fo r hims e lf t he

-
,

h o no urabl e pursuits o f life but simply by th a t t o e sc ap e t he irk ,

s o m e e ye o f his tut o rs and fo ll o w t he impuls e o f his b ad i ncli na ,

ti o ns Th at m o m e nt which o ught t o b e fi x e d fo r e a ch i ndividu a l

.
,

a cc o rdi ng t o t he disp o siti o n o f his mi nd t he st a mp o f his ,

cha ra ct e r t he e mpl o ym e nt he has m ad e o f his tim e is in

, , ,

g e ne ra l wro ngly c alcul at e d a m o ng the Fr e nch Th e y l e av e

,
.

a lm o st no i nt e rv a l b e tw e e n childh o o d a nd t he i nst ant wh e n a ,

y o u ng m an e nt e rs with o ut guid e up o n a w o rld o f which he is

ig no rant This sudd e n withdrawa l o f all c o ntro l is still m o re
.

h a rmful fo r p r1 nc e s S l av e s o f t he c are with which th e y a re .

surr o u nd e d th e y r e m ai n childre n up t o sixt e e n y e a rs o f age and

, ,

a ll a t o n c e th e y a re t o ld th a t th e y a re e v e n m o r e th a n t he r e st o f

m e n th e y a re no t ye t fit t o b e fr e e and a lr e a dy th e y c o mm and , .

A st o nish e d at th e ir n e w p o we r imp ati e nt t o abus e it in o rd e r t o ,

a sc e rt a i n its pr o p e rti e s th e y fi nd th e ms e lv e s surr o u nd e d o nly by ,

s e ducti o ns Th e ir m o st fa ithful s e rv ants fe ar t o wa r n th e m l e st

.
,

t he w a r ni ng sh o uld displ e as e th e m a nd a h o st o f o th e rs try t o b e ,

agr e e a bl e t o th e m by a ll p o ssibl e m e a ns .

Eve rythi ng w as t o b e fe are d fro m such c o ncurre nc e o f

circumst anc e s with t he na ture a lre a dy no tic e d in t he D u e
,

de C h a rtr e s I f h e had b e e n a rm e d with s o m e pri n cipl e th a t

.

had m ad e a pr o fo u nd impr e ssi o n up o n his h e art th e r e might ,

h ave b e e n s o m e pro sp e ct o f disc o ve ri ng its e ffe cts in th o s e

c a lm m o m e nts wh e n e ve ry m an c o mmu ne s with hims e l f .

H e w o uld thus at l e a st h av e giv e n t o his t a st e s t he c o nv e n

, ,

t io nal limits o f public o pi ni o n I fhe h ad fe lt a str o ng a ttr a cti o n .

1
B aptist e V ivi e n de C h t e ubru n b rn at A ng ul em e in 1 6 86 F irst m it
e an- a a o o . a re

d hbt l f th e D e d O rlé ns H e wr t e s e v e r l tr g e di e s which s e cure d his e l e cti o n t o

’ ’
e o u a . o a a

the A c ad e m y
,

H e was pp o i nt e d un d e r go v e rno r t o th e D u e de C h artre s and

a -
,

di e d in 1 7 75 .

E ti e nne de F o nce m agne b o rn t O rle ns in 1 6 94

2 H e m d e hi m s e lf k no wn by
,
a a . a

s o m e his to ric al tr e atis e s Unde r go v e rno r o f the D ue de C h artre s

. he di e d in
-

1 775
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 1 5

fo r sci e nc e wh at e ve r his i nt e ll e ct w o uld h ave s o ught t o

a ny ,

e xt e nd its e lf his a tt e nti o n might h a v e b e e n g o v e r ne d

, I f o nly .

he had b e e n truly in l o v e his mi nd a lways a ctiv e t o pl e a s e , , ,

wo uld no t h av e b e e n wo r n o u t o r d e prav e d by l a ck o f o c c u ,

p a t io n his h e a rt w o uld h av e r e j e ct e d a ll t he d e fe cts which a re

o blig e d t o v a n ish b e fo r e a tru e s e n tim e nt S impl e h appi ne ss .

which gu ards its e lf agai nst the d ang e rs o f a re stl e ss im agi nati o n ,

s e lf ab ne gati o n which pro duce s all o u r g e ne r o us s e ntim e nts

-

wo uld with o ut d o ubt h ave d e v e l o p e d s o m e s o lid qu a liti e s in the

, ,

D u e de C h a rtr e s .

But his c o ld h e a rt d e priv e d him o f t he illusi o n s o f y o uth ,

whil e his i natt e ntive m i nd k ne w no t ho w t o fi x its e lf up o n

s e ri o us m att e rs U nbridl e d in his t a st e m ki ng o f his pl e a sur e s
.
,
a

a r a mp a rt a r o u nd hims e lf e v e n a g a i nst l o v e he b e g a n life by , ,

t he a bus e o f e ve rythi ng a nd displ ay e d c o n st a n cy o n ly in his ,

e xc e ss e s .

I n 1 7 6 9 he m a rri e d M a d e m o is e ll e de P e nt h1 e v re
, S he w as .

go o d fa ir fr e sh s we e t and pur e ; she pl e as e d him so l o ng as

, , , ,

she w as f o r him a ne w w o m a n A fe w d ays a ft e r o n t he .

,

o cc a si o n o f t he fi rst a pp e a r a nc e o f t h e D u e a n d Duch e ss e de

C h a rtr e s at t he o p e r a t he m o st d a shi ng girls o f P a ris w e r e

abl e t o lay a sid e t h e wid o ws co stum e s which th e y a ffe ct e d t o ’

we ar th e re .

O n e nt e ri ng s o ci e ty t he D u e de C h a rtr e s fo rm e d a n int im ac ,
v

with M de V o y e r t he l e a d e r o f t he c o rrupt m e n o f his tim e

.
,
1

A l a rg e fo rtu ne t he r e put a ti o n o f p o ss e ssi ng s o m e busi ne ss

,

a biliti e s a r a th e r brilli an t c o nv e rs ati o n o n milit a ry subj e cts a nd

, ,

a v e ry witty mi nd ga th e re d a ro u nd V o y e r y o u ng m e n o f u nruly
,

p assi o ns m e n wh o s e r e put ati o n w as l o st b ad ch a ra ct e rs and

, ,

i ntrigu e rs o f all c o nditi o ns A bb e Yv o n b e tt e r k no w n by the .

,
2

pro tra ct e d p e rs e cuti o n he had t o b e a r th an by s o m e a rticl e s he

M rc R é é M rquis d V y r
1
a -
n f th C m t V y r d A g
a S cr t ry
e o e so n o e o e o e
’
r e nso n , e e a

fSt t
, ,

o tW
a e a B r i 7 h b c m li ut
ar . t g r l G v r r fVi c
o n n 1 s
22, e e a e e e nan -
e ne a ,
o e no o n e nn e ,

an d di d i 78
e n 1 2
Ab bé Y v b r i 7 4 t M m rs v r disch rg d y ccl si stic l fu c
.

o n, o n n 1 1 a a e ne e a e an e e a a n
lw ys i p c t st with th S rb
,

ti on dw an as a a H m d hi first pp r
n o en on e e o o nn e . e a e s a ea

an ec i lit r tur i th E y l p di wh r h wr t th rt icl s S l A th i t

n e a e n e nc c o e a, e e e o e e a e : ou e s

S usp ct d f h vi g t k p rt i th th sis sust i d by P r d s i

, ,

an d G d o e e o a n a en a n e e a ne a e n
S rb d c d m d by th t l r d b dy h fl d t H ll d
.

th e o o nne , an on e R tu i g
ne a e a ne o ,
e e o o an . e rn n

s o on af et r he w a s a
, o n e pp i t d hist ri gr ph e r to th C o m t e d A rt is
o o a e
’
o ,
and di e d in
1 79 1 . The A b b e Y o n h as v l e ft l rge nu m b er o f w orks o n th e o l gy
a a o .
1 16 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c o ntribut e d t o t he E ncyclop mdia e sp e ci a lly by t he a rticl e S o ul , ,

which bro ught o n him th at p e rs e cuti o n had i niti at e d Vo ye r in ,

high m e t aphysics wh o s e l angu age h e ha d a d o pt e d e ve n fo r

,

t he m o st fa mili a r c o nv e rs ati o ns I t w as a lways “

the so u l .

sp ace the linh f

o be ing s a bst ractedness m a tte r
co m p osed o fp o ints s im p le w ithou t exte nt indiv is ible ,

&c .
”
th e s e w o rds ne v e r e xpl a i ne d pro no u nc e d at i nt e rva ls
A ll , , ,

with ge sture s re tic e nt and mysti c fo rms pre p are d t he y o u ng

, ,

ad e pts t o b e li e v e Th e y we r e th e n t a ught th at e ve ry s e ntim e nt

.

is but ridicul o us th a t scrupl e s a re but a sig n o f w e ak ne ss

th at j ustic e is a prej udic e th at o u r i nt e re st o r r ath e r o u r ,

pl e asur e o nly o ught t o d e t e rmi ne all o ur a cti o ns & c

,
Th e y , .

na tur a lly disp e ns e d with pro o fs .

O ne e v e n i ng at a supp e r p arty M de Lill e an o ffic e r in t he

,
-
, .
,
1

re gim e nt o f M de C o ig ny a nd a m an o fs e ns e stro ngly att a ch e d

.
, ,

t o his fri e nds a littl e susc e ptibl e p e rh aps t o o fa mili a r but o n

, , , ,

t he wh o l e a v e ry g o o d lad no t fe e li ng suffici e ntly c o nvi nc e d tha t

, ,

i a bsolu te ly a p rej u di e a ll o w e d hims e lf t o m a k e s o m e

j u st ce w as c ,

o bj e cti o ns I t is my fault my d e a r D e Lill e s aid M de V o y e r

“ ”
.
, , .
,

m o d e stly if yo u still h ave s o m e d o ubts it is b e c aus e I did no t

“
,

g o b a ck f ar e no ugh I w a s wr o ng I o ught t o h av e t a k e n t he
.
,

qu e sti o n fro m its o rigi n List e n it is o nly a wo rd Eve ry ,

b o dy k no ws th at e xist e nc e is fo r us the id e a o f t he p e rm ane nc e

o f a c e rt a i n c o ll e cti o n o f s e ns ati o ns which ( fo ll o w m e w e ll ) in

simil ar o r ne a rly simil ar circumst anc e s re app e ar c o nst antly t he ,

-

s am e Y o u u nd e rst a nd D e Lill e ? I f th e y a re no t j ust ,

e x a ctly t he s a m e th e y o nly sh o w ch ange s which a re subj e ct t o

,

c e rt a i n l aws which go ve rn t he u nive rs e & c Y o u u nd e r , .

st and m e w e ll do yo u no t Y o u se e the s e qu e l a nd t he c o nse

,

u e nc e o f a ll this f o r a m a n lik e y o urs e lf my d e a r D e Lill e it is

q , ,

no t ne c e ss a ry t o d e v e l o p it fa rth e r & c ,

By wh at m e a ns if he wo uld pre s e rve his s e lf l o v e c o uld a

,
-
,

y o u ng m an av o w h ims e lf i nc ap abl e o f u nd e rst andi ng t his

myst e ri o us l angu ag e ? H e must i nd e e d c o nfe ss hims e lf c o n ,

v ince d M de Lill e w as s e nsibl e e no ugh no t t o u nd e rst a nd

. .

t he s o phism but he had no t t he c o ur ag e t o say it ; and it w as

,

1
M d L ill
. e ffic r i th r gi m
e, o t f C h m p g b r t S i t M ihi l i th
e n e e en o a a ne , o n a a n -
e , s e
a uth o r o f c ll e cti o n o f light p o e t ry
a o .
1 1 8 TH E ME M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

t u nat e famili e s Elms o n his e st a t e chi e fly in t he

. At The , ,

m o st o u t o f t he w ay districts he did much g o o d H e ne ve r

- - -
, .

sp o k e o f t he c o urt e xc e pt with d e risi o n a ny m o re th an o f t he ,

favo urs it gra nt e d a nd o f the vil e ch a ra ct e rs w ho s o licit e d

the m ye t he i ndire ctly re qu e st e d fo r hims e lf the h o no ur o f
,

the blu e rib and which o f all t he r e w ards a cc o rd e d by t he

2
,

ki ng b o r e t he pl a i ne st impri nt o f fav o ur I t w as at M a rly

,
.
,

t he h abitu a l s e a t o f fet e s a nd pl e a sur e s th a t L o uis X V I , .

,

with t he s e v e rity o f h o ne st m anne rs a nd t he brusqu e ne ss

which timidity and pro bity c o mbi ne d pro duc e d in him re ,

p r o ac he d him with his c o rrupti o n in t he pr e s e nc e o f a ll t he ,

c o urt A st o nish e d at t he fi rst m o m e nt M de V o ye r c o uld fi nd

.
, .

no r e ply H avi ng h o w e v e r c o ll e ct e d hims e lf a littl e h e c a ll e d

.
, ,

on M de M a ur e p a s in o rd e r t o a cqu a i nt him with wh at had

.

o ccurr e d a nd t o b e g him t o o bt a i n f o r him s o m e s o rt o f a p o l o gy .

H e had littl e t o c o ngr atul a t e hims e lf ab o ut t he ch o ic e o f his in

t e rm e diat e fro m wh o m he c o uld o n ly o bt a i n t he fo ll o wi ng w o rds
,

“
We shall ne ve r be a ble to tea ch p oliteness to the hing Th at .
”

i nsulti ng wo rd p olite ness t he r e fus a l o f the blu e rib and the ,

“
,

h arsh e xpre ssi o ns o f t he ki ng w o u nd e d him d e e ply a nd all who , ,

k ne w him i ntim at e ly his wife fo r i nst anc e had no d o ubt th at, ,

s o rro w w as t he c a us e o f his d e ath which o ccurre d s o o n a ft e r , .

The D u e de C h a rtr e s who o n ly k ne w in M de V o y e r th at sid e,

.

o f his c ha r a ct e r which he displ ay e d submitt e d c o mpl e t e ly t o t he ,

yo k e imp o s e d up o n him by the s o ci e ty o f t he fo rm e r H e l o st .

a ll t he natur a l s e ntim e nts by which he might h av e b e e n a bl e t o

re cl a im hims e lf A nd it is fro m th at tim e fro m th at s e c o nd

.
,

e duc ati o n giv e n a t t he a ge wh e n m e n a re t he discipl e s o f a ll th at

,

surro u nds th e m th a t r e a lly d a t e s t he c o rrupti o n o f t he D u e

,

d O rléans U ntil th e n he o nly had u nfo rtu na t e t e nd e nci e s ; th e n

’
.
, ,

he w as imbu e d with p e r nici o us ap o l o g e tic m a xims a nd c o ntr a ct e d ,

h abits which he ne ve r gave up I f o ne wo uld e xpl a i n his e ntire .

life it is ne c e ss a ry t o go b ack t o this p e ri o d I f a cqu a i nt e d with

,
.

t he p o is o n with which he was impr e g nat e d o ne w o uld no l o ng e r ,

b e surpris e d at his fa t a l e rr o rs Thus in m aki ng k no w n t he .

,

C h at e au and l and b e l ongi ng t o the d A rge nso n fam ily , ne ar To urs

1 ’
.

2
The rib and o f the o rd e r o f the ai nt E sprit ( S
o ly Gh o st ) , the high e st H o rde r o f
the o ld m o narchy I t had b e e n cre at e d by
. e nri I I I H .
 TH E 1) UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 19

d o ctri ne o f M de Vo ye r I h ave picture d t he D u e d O rléa ns

.
,
’

c o mpl e t e ly I h ave re ve a l e d t he s e cre t o f his life a nd the m o tive

, ,

o f his a cti o n s H o we v e r di ffe r e n t th e y s e e m t o b e t he s a m e

.
,

pri ncipl e re app e a rs in a ll Th e re ne ve r w as a m a n m o re c o m

.

p le t e ly a sl a v e t o his b e li e f Wh a t r a v a g e s h av e b e e n pr o duc e d
.

in t he pr e s e nt g e ne r a ti o n o f Fre n chm e n by th a t syst e m k no wn ,

a m o ng t he discipl e s u nd e r t he n a m e o f desa bu e m nt which u ntil

’

s e , ,

t he e ight e e nth c e ntury shut up in t he h e a rts o f a fe w d e pr av e d

,

m e n a w ait e d th e s e d ays t o d a r e t o shi ne fo rth as a n o pi ni o n

,

which c o uld b e pro fe ss e d lik e a syst e m o f phil o s o phy ! This

,

ph e no m e no n o f a ud acity m e rits a tt e nti o n .

The hist o ry o f t he Fr e nch p e o pl e has p aid t o o littl e h e e d

t o t he gre a t faults o f t he hum an mi nd as if th e r e w e r e no t a ,

ne c e ss a ry b o nd b e tw e e n its e rr o rs a nd its crim e s H as no t .

m o rality fo r e x ampl e e ve rythi ng t o gai n wh e n it c an re co ncil e

, , ,

t he o pi ni o ns o f t he D u e d O rléa ns with t he diffe r e nt a cts o f his

’

life ? H e b e li e ve d th e re wa s no thi ng j ust but th a t which w as

c o mfo rt abl e fo r him : he w as always igno rant o f the fact th at
m an d e p e nds fo r his h appi ne ss o n t he h a ppi ne ss o f o th e r m e n ;
he fa il e d t o re c o g niz e this r e cipr o c a l ne e d o f s e rvic e s th at ,

p o we rful m o tive o f ge ne ra l a nd priva t e b e ne vo l e nc e A ll the .

pl e a s a nt gifts which nature o nly c o nfe rs o n us fo r no bl e purp o s e s ,

h e subj ect e d s o l e ly t o p e rs o na l i ntrigu e s dir e ct e d ag a i nst c re du

,

l o us a nd i ne xp e ri e nc e d i nno c e nc e Call e d t o a n imm e ns e .

fo rtu ne he did no t se e in t he go o d he wish e d to do t o his fe ll o w

,

cre a ture s t he gu ara nt e e o f th a t which he r e c e ive d fro m th e m ;

his na rro w e g o tism did no t p e rmit him t o b e li e ve th at in this ,

e xch a ng e m o re w o uld b e r e tur ne d t o him th an he w o uld giv e

, .

I n e a rly y o uth wh e n o ne c a lcul at e s s e ntim e nts o ne d o e s it

, ,

b adly o r rath e r o ne o nly c a lcul a te s up o n th e m b e c aus e o ne

,

has no ne .I n t he c o nti nu a l ch ang e o f i ncli na ti o ns th a t c apric e

c aus e s t o spri ng up a nd which l e a ds t he s o ul fro m a rd o ur t o
,

i ndiffe re nc e and fro m i ndiffe re nc e t o ano th e r c apric e th e re is no

, ,

pl ac e fo r fri e ndship Thus t he D ue d O rléans l o ve d no o ne

.
’
.

S o m e y o u ng i ndulg e nt p e rs o ns w ho t o o k this i ndi ffe r e nc e fo r

, ,

m e e k ne ss had a n att a chm e nt fo r him H e m ad e th e m the

, .

c o mp ani o ns o f his pl e asure s c o mr ad e s o f his d e b auch e s but

, ,

ne v e r fe lt a ny r e a l fri e ndship fo r th e m O ne o f his fi rst a ss o ci at e s

.
1 20 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

w as t he Pri nc e de L a mb all e : t he l att e r s c o nstituti o n was t o o ’

we ak t o a dmit o f his b e ari ng l o ng t he ki nd o f life le d by

his bro th e r in law - -
.

The d e a th o f y o u ng pri nc e s is ne v e r b e li e v e d t o b e natur a l .

This d e ath m ad e t he D u e d O rléans so pro digi o usly rich a nd he ’

m ad e so b ad a u se o f his fo rtu ne th at in s e ve ra l w o rks he has , , ,

b e e n a ccus e d o f h avi ng c o ntribut e d t o it in a m o re dire ct m a nn e r

t h a n by sh a ri ng t he o rg ie s o f t he d e c e a s e d But th e r e is no thi ng
'

t o pr o v e this a ll e g a ti o n I o ught e v e n t o say as t he r e sult o f

.
,

ve ry r e li abl e i nquiri e s th at th e re is no thi ng t o j ustify t he sus

,

p ic io n a t a ll I t is quit e e no ugh t o
. say th a t t he Pri n c e de

L amb all e w as the m o st i ntim a t e c o mp ani o n o f th e D u e

d O rle ans th a t he w as c o rrupt e d by him th a t he di e d o f it a nd
’ ’

, , ,

w as no t e v e n t he o bj e ct o f a r e gr e t .

A much l o ng e r i ntim a cy l e ft no m o r e tr a c e s o n t he h e a rt o f
the D u e d O rléans I n I 7 88 a ft e r twe n ty fi v e y e a rs o f a ss o
’
-
.
,

c iat io n he sh o w e d t he m o st cru e l i ndiff

,
e r e n c e wh e n h e l o st o ne

o f his pri ncip a l c o mp an i o ns t h e M a rquis de C o nfl a ns a m a n 1

, ,

w ho a lw ays a ttr a ct e d g e ne r a l no tic e fo r his b e a uty his no bl e ,

b e ari ng his fi gur e his skill and by his faults wh e n he w as in b ad

, , ,

c o mp any by his aptitud e s wh e n he w as with milit a ry m e n by

, ,

t he shr e wd ne ss o f his mi n d wh e n h e sp o k e o f s e ri o us thi ngs and , ,

a t all tim e s o f his life by t he fr e e d o m o f his t a st e s his fe e li ngs

, , ,

a nd his a v e rsi o n s M de Co nfl ans w as suffe ri ng fro m a dis e as e

. .

which was t o c aus e him t o die sudd e nly ; he w o uld no t ho w

e v e r b e li e v e hims e lf t o b e ill a nd w e nt i nt o s o ci e ty as usu a l ,
.

O n t he day o f his d e a th h e w as t o di ne with t he D u e d O rléans

’

a nd a f e w o th e r no bl e m e n a t t he h o us e o f M de Bir o n at 2
,
.

M o ntr o ug e Th e y we re w a iti ng fo r him t he D u e d O rléa ns

.
,
’

m o re imp ati e ntly th an the o th e rs b e c aus e he wish e d t o g o to ,

t he th e a tr e A t fo ur o cl o ck e v e ry o ne w as pr e s e nt wh e n o ne
’
.
,

o f M de C o nfl a ns p e o pl e br o ught t h e m e ss a g e th a t he h ad j ust
’
.

di e d A ll w ho w e re in t he ro o m e xpr e ss e d th e ir r e gr e ts ac
.

co rdi ng t o th e ir cl o s e o r d ist ant r e l a ti o ns with t he d e c e as e d .

The o nly w o rds utt e r e d by t he D u e d O rléans w e r e : L auzu n ’

uis G bri l
e , Ma rquis
de C o n fl ans d A rm e ntie re s, o n in 1 7 3 5 , $ 0 11
’
b r of M arsh al
’
1 Lo a -

de C o nfl ans H e w as b ngadie rg e n eral

. .

2 Th e D ue de L a n who h ad e a s m e uzu
his am nam e at the ea r su d f ily d th o fM arsh al
de ir
B o n, his un e cl
1 22 TH E M E I WOI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

tim e s Pl e a sur e which a l o ne had fo rm e d th e m is no t a b o nd

.
, ,

stro ng e no ugh t o l a st thro ugh a wh o l e life Th o s e transi e nt .

fri e ndships l e a d m e agai nst my will t o sp e a k o f t he thro ng o f

, , ,

mis t re ss e s w ho o ccupi e d a p a rt o f t he life o f t he D u e d O rléans ; ’

t h e y w e r e t he s o urc e o f so fe w i ncid e nts h o w e v e r th a t I do no t , ,

fe e l b o u nd t o add t he l o ng list o f th e ir na m e s My t ask will b e .

o n ly t o o w e ll fill e d in s a yi ng th a t a ll t he t a st e s a ll t h e c a pric e s a ll , ,

t he fant asi e s o f which his s e n s e s at fi rst imp e ri o us a ft e rw a rds , ,

imp o ve rish e d had ne e d in o rd e r t o b e gr atifi e d o r e xcite d we r e

, ,

r e s o rt e d t o by t he D u e d O rléans ’
.

I sh o uld lik e n o w t o dwe ll h e r e up o n sw e e t e r im ag e s ,

in sp e a ki ng o f t he w o m e n o f a m o r e e l e v at e d ch a r a ct e r w ho ,

a tt a ch e d th e ms e lv e s t o t he D u e d O rle an s This pri nc e s o m e ’ ’

.

tim e s re app e a re d in s o ci e ty but a lways as in a n e ne my s

,
’

c o u ntry wh e re he s o ught victims The Pri nc e ss e de B o uill o n t he

, .
,
1

M a rquis e de Fl e ury t he Pri nc e ss e de L a mb a ll e e a ch b e li e ve d

,
2
,

h e rs e lf l o ve d by him a nd pr o v e d t o him th at th e y l o v e d him

, .

Th e ir d e lic a cy b e c a m e fo r his d e prave d mi nd a ne w fo rm o f

, ,

lib e rti nage which s ati a t e d him lik e a ll t he o th e rs H e s o o n

, .

a b a n d o ne d th e m but with a publicity which h a ppily pr o duc e d

, , , ,

a c o n tr a ry e ffe ct t o th a t which t he D u e d O rle a ns e xp e ct e d

’ '
.

The public tr e at e d th e m with i n dulg e n c e ; it piti e d th e m a nd ,

th e y a ft e rwa rds m ad e him fo rge t th e ir e rro rs .

Wh e n sp e a ki ng o f t he w o m e n w ho o n ly figur e d fo r a whil e
in t h e life o f t he D u e d O rléans I c o uld no t na m e M a d a m e de
’
,

S ill e ry ; she de s e rv e s a sp e ci a l m e nti o n

3
.

t ctiv
h e w as o ne o f th e m o s a b rs
e m em e p siti
o f the o p o br c d w
o n , a nd e mith rd r
a e a ou

t he pri cipl s
n e v luti
o f th e R e o d r
on pir
U n e th e E m
. liv d r tir
e , he e t
in e r
e m en Pee of .

r c
F an e in 1 8 1 4 , h e di d e in 1 83 2 vill M on
. disti guish d
e w as a n e pr ctis d
sava nt He a e .

ch ics
m e an uf ctur d s v r l g icultur l chi s
an d m an a e e e a a r a ma ne
H ss
.

1
ri hristi
Ma e C ne v o n e th burg
e R h e infe lz R o en rri d J cqu s
m a e in 1 7 6 6 t o a e de

ur d A uv rg
,

la To
’
e ri c B uill b r
ne , P n e de o o n, o n m 1 74 6
A dré
.

l udi
2 C a t r cy v l b r
n e de M o n m o e n La a ,-
ri d
o n in 1 7 5 0, m a r e in 1 7 68 t o n ,

Ma rquis l ury
de F e
S i t A ubi S ill ry
.

3
licit
Fe e D u cre st de a n rquis
n, M a e de t ss
e , C
G lis b r
om e e de en o n
r A utu
,

in 1 746 ne a rri d
n S he m a e h rl s t G is r
m 1 76 2, C a e B rulart , C o m e de e nl , b o n i n

S ill ry i h riti g
.

1 7 3 7,c pt i
a v
a n in th e n a t k
y, w ho o o titl th e rquis
e of Ma de e on n e n
his pr p rty s
o e y rs ft rw rds
om e ea a e a S ill ry l t r puty
M de
. e .
,
a e De St t sto th e a e

G e nefal, w as gui l ti d with

l o ne Gir dists ct b r
th e on , O
wif
o e 3 1 , 1 79 3 H isr t i de , w ho e a ne .

all h e r lif t ss
e the nam e o f C o m e G lise de en pp t d l dy h
w as a o in e a r o f o no u t o the - -

D uch ss e h rtr s
e de C a g v r s
e in 1 7 7 0 , d A d l id
o e ne s t o M a am e ft rw rds
e a e , and a e a t u tor
o fth e y u g pri c s d rlé s
o n n e
’
O an igr t d with d
S he e m a e A d l id
M a am e e a e i n 1 7 9 2 , and
r tir d S witz rl d
.

e e to e an th
and B rli
e n to e r tur d
n S he e. r c
ne wh r
t o F an e m 1 800 , e e sh e

w as ev ry w ll r c iv d
e e e e sul r urt
a t th e C o n a Co d G lis wr t uch
M a am e de e n . o e m S he .
 TH E D U C D OR L EA N S
’
. 23

Wh e n o ne is a c o mbi nati o n o f a mbiti o n a nd m o d e ra ti o n ,

o f c o mmu n ic ativ e ne ss a nd o f r e s e rv e o f rigidity a nd c o m ,

p l ac e n y co ne ,
is c e rt a i n ly p e rs o n wh o s e life a nd i ntim a cy a

must o ff r e xtr ao rdi na ry c o ntra sts I t w as by o pp o sit e m e a ns

e .
,

a nd which she ne v e r s e p a r a t e d th a t M a d a m e de G e nlis suc ,

c e e de d in a ll th a t h e r mbiti o n d e sire d B e i ng y o u ng pre t t y a .

, ,

with o ut re l ti o ns it w as by riski ng m o r ni ng c a lls t o m e n th a t

a ,

she fo u n d a husb a n d ; l a t e r she a ff e ct e d t he h e ight o f prud e ry , ,

in a r gul a r c a re e r o f g a ll a ntri e s ; with t he s a m e p e n she

e ,

wro t e Th K n ghts f the S w a n a nd L e s ons in M rals for

e i o ,
s o

Childr n ; o n t he s a m e d e sk she c o mp o s e d a church b o o k fo r

1
e ,

M ad e m o is e ll e de C h a rtre s and a sp e e ch t o t he J ac o bi ns fo r
A ll he r life pr e s e nts t he s a m e c o ntra sts
’
t he D u e d O rlé ns a . .

M a d e m o is e ll e de S ai nt A ubi n—th t w a he r na m e — had a n -

a s

e l e g a n t figur e but d e v o id o f n o bl e ne ss ; t he e xpr e ssi o n o f he r

fa c e w as ve ry live ly ; she had littl e d a sh in c o nve rs ati o n littl e ,

ch arm in the h abitu al us ag e o f he r mi nd but p o ss e ss e d at h e r ,

fi nge rs e nds all the a dva nt g e s th a t c n b e giv e n by i nstructi o n

’
a a ,

o bs e rv a ti o n r e s e rv e a nd t he t a ct o f t he w o rld
,
Wh e n she had
,
.
,

fo r b e tt e r o r w o rs e m a rri e d t he C o mt e de G e nlis it b e c a m e
, ,

n e c e ss a ry fo r h e r t o m a k e t he a cqu a i nt a n c e o f h e r husb a n d s
’

family w ho a s she k ne w w e re no t w e l l disp o s e d t o wa rds h e r

, , ,
-
.

Ta l e nts a ffe ct e d timidity a nd tim e e nabl e d he r h o we ve r t o

, , , ,

re a ch he r aim S he m a nag e d t o b e i nvit e d a t S ill e ry I n a

. .

fe w d ays she succ e e d e d in wi nni ng t he fav o ur o f M de

, .

P u ysie u x o ne o f t he m o st w e a ri e d m e n o f his tim e a nd in

,
2
,

dis a rmi ng t he s o ur o ld t e mp e r o f M ad a m e de P u ysie u x S he .

fe lt i nd e e d that she w as th e n truly in s o ci e ty and m o vi ng in it , ,

fo r t he fi rst tim e c o ns e qu e ntly br o ught all he r m e th o ds i nt o pl ay

,

she sh o w e d h e rs e lf c a r e ssi ng a tt e ntiv e ay with o ut blu n d e ri ng

g , , ,

a nd w as e v e n abl e t o b e c o nti nu a lly c o mpl a c e nt with a sh ad ,

e

l e ft a num b e r fno v e ls nd w o rk s o n ducati n U nde r the E m pir h wr t e e v e ry

o , a e o . e, s e o

o th e r w k in diffe r n t p ri o dic ls t th e re qu e st f N p o l e o n hi m s lf S he l ft
ee e e a a o a e . e ,
,

b e sid s int e r sti ng m m irs

e , e S h di e d in 1 83 0 e o . e .

L e C h e v li rs du C ygn e L e c ns de M o r l e p o ur l s E nf n ts
1 ” ”
s a e Th o a e a . e

fo rm e r is no t e x ctly i nt nd d t b e pl ce d in the h nds f sch o l girls ( Tr n l t r )

a e e o a a o o -
. a s a o .

2 L uis B r l rt M rquis de P y i x and d S ill e ry b rn in 1 7 0 2 fi rst e nt r d th e

o u a a u s eu e o e e

S e cr t ry f S t te f r F re ig n
, , ,

a rm y w s aft rw rds m b ss d r t N pl e s
, a e a a a a o a a e a o a o o

A ff irs ( 1 74 7
a M i nist e r f S t t e up t o 1 7 5 6 H di d in 1 7 70 H e w as tho a e e . e

gre t uncl e fthe C o m t e de G e nlis nd pr pri e t r o f th e e st t e o f S ill e ry

.

a -
o a o o a .
 '
24 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

of o c mp a ssi o n This fi rst succ e ss w as o f gre at u se t o he r a fe w

.

d o o rs we re thro w n o p e n t o he r ; she o bt a i ne d t o b e i ntro duc e d

t o t he Duch e ss e de C h a rtr e s w ho by t he pr o t e cti o n she a cc o rd e d
, ,

he r d e str o y e d in a v e ry sh o rt tim e a ll t he littl e o pp o siti o ns o f

,

s o ci e ty which still e xist e d The D u e de C h artre s fo u nd he r

.

ch a rmi ng t o ld he r this a nd was quickly list e ne d t o fo r M a d a m e

, , ,

de G e nlis t o av o id t he sc an d a l o f c o qu e try a lw ays yi e ld e d e asily

, , .

A fe w y e a rs o f c a r e i ndulg e nc e a nd r e tir e d life g av e he r such

, ,

a n a sc e n d e n cy o v e r t he D u e de C h a rtr e s th a t it ha s b e e n supp o s e d ,

th at she had a ki nd o f i nflu e nc e o v e r his a cti o ns o r rath e r o ve r ,

t he e ve nts o f his life S o skilful a c o n duct had its r e wa rd she

.

succ e e d e d in b e i ng app o i nt e d g o ve rne ss o r rath e r tu tor o f his

childre n O ne c an o nly se e in this ch o ic e o fthe D u e de C h artre s
.
,

t he i n t e nti o n t o a pp e a r p e culi a r a nd t o m a rk pl a i n ly his sc o r n

,

fo r a cc e pt e d us a g e s .

M a d a m e de G e nlis pro v e d in t he fi rst wo rks she publish e d

, , ,

th at she w as c a p abl e o f dire cti ng all th at p a rt o f t he e duc ati o n

which p e rt a i ns t o the mi nd Th e ir e xc e pti o na l na tur e m a d e o f
.

t he e ld e st so n o f t he D u e d O rléans a nd o f his d aught e r

’

M a de m o iselle t w o sup e ri o r b e i ngs Tri e d fo rtifi e d i nstruct e d

.
1
, ,

a nd e nno bl e d by misfo rtu ne th e y sh o we d th e ms e lv e s simpl e

,

a nd gr e a t wh e n th e y e nt e r e d up o n th e ir na tur a l d e sti ny .

The b e st w o rks o f M a d a m e de G e n lis with t he e xc e pti o n o f ,

M a de m oisell de Cle rm ont d a t e fr o m this tim e a nd if t o day

e , ,
-

she h as fa ll e n in r e put a ti o n a nd fo ll o ws with o ut gl o ry in he r

qu a lity o f w o m a n o f l e tt e rs a si ngul a r a nd ill —

, , ,

,
c o nsid e re d p ath it is ,

b e c aus e i nt o xic at e d by he r fi rst succe ss e s she yi e lds t o he r prid e

, ,

a nd no l o ng e r c o nsults he r j udgm e nt ; it is b e c a us e she wish e s

t o m a na g e t he j e a l o us i nd e p e nd e nc e o f t he public as she ,

m anage d fo rm e rly t he o b e di e nt submissi o n o f he r pupils ; it is

b e c aus e she c a nno t s o ft e n he r m o ra lity t o subjugat e t he public ,

a s she ha s fo rm e rly d o ne t o subj ug a t e a ll w ho w e r e a r o u nd he r .

I c a nno t r e sist r e m a rki ng up o n t w o thi ngs o ne th a t t o c o m : ,

m and isso ne c e ss a ry t o M ad a m e de G e nlis th at wh e n she has ,

no m o r e pri nc e s t o d o mi ne e r she t a k e s by ch anc e t he

,
fi rst
c o m e r t o m ak e a pupil o f him ; t he o th e r th at in spit e o f t he , ,

rigidity o f m a nne rs she a dvo c at e s a nd t he m o rality she pro fe ss e s ,

K i g L uis P hilipp
1
n o -
d M d m A d l id e an a a e e a e.
1 26 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I I VCE TA LL E YR A I VD .

s o m e d ays b e fo r e h and t o S egui n his tr e a sur e r his wish t o se e , ,

fo r hims e lf t he st at e o f his tr e a sury he h ad him a rre st e d in ,

his pre s e nc e c a rri e d aw ay t he k e ys a nd s e iz e d by this m e a ns

, ,

a ll t he m o n e y which S egui n fo r e w a r ne d ha d b o rr o w e d fr o m his , ,

o w n fri e nds in o rd e r t o r e pl a c e m o m e nt a rily th a t which h e had

,

i nve st e d in priv at e sp e cul ati o ns .

A sp a rk o f a mbiti o n m a d e him d e sir o us o f a pp e a ri ng in t he

squ a dro n o f M d O rvillie rs h o pi ng th e re by t o a cquire a titl e t o
.
’

,
1

t he e xtr e m e ly lucr a tiv e r e v e rsi o n o f gr a nd a dmir a l th a t b e l o ng e d -

t o his fa th e r in law t he D u e de P e nthi evr e-

H e did no t h o w e v e r
-
,
.
,

h av e this p o st a nd d o ubts we r e ra is e d a s t o his brave ry To

,
.
2

pro ve his c o urag e he had hims e lf appl aud e d at s o m e o f the ,

th e a tre s and cr o wne d u nd e r t he wi nd o ws o f M a d e m o is e ll e

A r no uld 3 P a ris a mus e d its e lf th e n in a s atiric a l but v e ry u nj ust
.

s o ng at his e xp e ns e .

S o m e j o ur ne ys t o E ngl and a ru n t o I t a ly r e m a rk a bl e o n ly , ,

fo r t he r a pidity with which it w as p e rfo rm e d ; t he gl o ry o f b e i ng

e l e ct e d Gr a n d M a st e r o f t he fr e e m a s o ns ; a ft e r a ra t he r s e ri o us
4
-

ill ne ss a Te D eu m su ng by t he l o dge o f t he N ine S iste rs ; s o m e

,
5

1 uis G uillo e t C m t e d Orvilli rs b o rn at M o ulins in 1 708 H nt e re d the

Lo u , o
’
e , . e e

n vy b c m e vic e ad m ir l in 1 764 and li e ut e n nt g e ne r l

a , e a -
I n 1 7 7 7 h f ught th
a , a -
a .
, e o e
b attl e f O u ss nt which lth o ugh i nd e cisive w gl ri us f r F re nch rm s H
o e a , ,
a ,
as o o o a . e
re signe d in 1 7 79 r e tir e d t c nv e nt e m igr t d in 1 7 89 and di e d in 1 79 1
,
o a o , a e , .

2To m k e up fo r his dis pp o in t m e nt the ki ng app o i nt e d him t o t he o f

a fi c e o f c o l ne l
a , o

g e ne r l o f H uss rs
a a
3 S phi
e A rn o uld
.

o c e l e brat e d ctre ss o f the O p e ra ( 1 744 to

, a a

e l ct e d G r n d M st e r in 1 77 1 in which o ffic e h e suc

’
4 ’
Th D d O rl ns w
e uc ea as e a - a ,

c e e d d th e C o m t e de C l e rm n t
e I t was h e w h o suppr ss e d t he Gr nd Lo dg e o f F r nc e
o . e a a ,

a n d r e pl c e d it by t he Gr n d O ri e n t
a I give h r e as a cu ri sity th e a cce pt nc e f
- e o a a o

I n th y ar f gr e t light 1 7 7 2 third d y f th m o n fJ i r fifth d y o f

.
, ,

th e D e u e e o a , ,
a o e o o a , a

t h e s e c n d m nth fth e M s nic y

o o r 5 7 7 2 nd si nc e the birth fth M ssi h fifth d y
o a o ea a o e e a a

f A pril 1 7 7 2
, ,

o I n virtu o f t h pr o cl m ti o n m d in th Gr n d L dg e
. e ss m b l d o n e a a a e e a o ,
a e e

the tw e nty f urth d y o f th f urth m o nth f th e M as nic y e ar 5 7 7 1 b y the v ry high

-
o a e o o o e
ve ry m ighty and v ry xc ll nt pri nc e H S H L uis P hilipp J s ph d Orlé ns D ue
,
-
’
e e e e . . . o e- o e a ,

de C h rtr e s pri nc e f t h bl o d
a ,
s Gr nd M st e r o f ll the r gul r l dg e s
o e f F ranc e
o ,
a a - a a e a o o .

A nd o f th t f th s o ve re ig n c o u ncil o f th e m p e ro rs o f th e E ast nd o f t he W e st sub

a o e e a

li m e m o th r l o dg e o f S c tl nd o n th tw nty sixth o fthe m o on o fE lul 1 7 7 1 as s o v e re ign

,

e o a ,
e e -
,

Gr nd M st e r f ll the c o u ncils ch pt e rs nd l o dge s f the gre t o rb o f F r nc

a -
a o a ,
a a o a a e

an o f fi c e which the f r e s id S H has willi ngly cc e pt e d fo r th e l v e o f t he r y al art

a o a . . a o o ,

a nd in rd e r t o c nc e ntr t e u nd r a si ngl e
o o uth o rity all the m asonic p r ti o ns I n
a e a o e a

witn ss wh e r e f the f re s id S H h s pp nd e d his nam e to the r p rt o facc e pt nce

.

”
e o a o a . a a e e o a

The l dg e o f th e N i n S ist e rs was f u nd e d in 1 7 76 by s e v e r l m e n f l e tt e rs nd

. .
,
5 o a o
o e a

o f E ro p e n f m
u This r th e r pr f ne n m e ( the ni ne M us s ) c u se d
a a e . d e al f
a o a a e a a o
tr ub l e t o the f u nd rs Th e ir l o dg e w s e ve n fo r a ti m e e ras e d fro m the list o fthe
o o e a

I t w as ne v e rth e l ss t he m o st brilli nt l o dg e o f the day F r nklin H e lvetius

.
, ,

o rd e r . e a , a , ,

R o ch r V o lt ire hi m s lf b e i ng m e m b e rs o f it
u e ,
a I n 1 82 7 it am alg am at e d with th
e ,
.
, e

l o dge o fS int L i d F r n e b ut k e pt its o rig i nal nam e

a -
ou s e a c , .
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 27

pl e a sure s o r r ath e r dis o rd e rs

,
o f a ll ki nds at M o uss e a ux ,
1 fill e d
t he fo ll o wi ng y e a rs .

The D u e d O rléans w as ppr o a chi ng the age wh e n with the

’
a ,

gre at e r numb e r o f m e n t he p a ssi o ns o f y o uth b e gi n t o we a k e n ,

a nd t o yi ld t o t he sw a y o f a n e w tyr a nt
e N e ve rth e l e ss he did .
,

no t ye t displ ay sympt o ms o f a mbiti o n which l a tt e r is d o ubtl e ss , , ,

m o re b a ckwa rd in h e a rts with e re d by d e pravity a nd shru nk e n by

c o mbi nati o ns o f p e rs o na l i nt e re st .

A n a git ati o n which spr e ad a ll o v e r Fr a n c e w as h o w e v e r b e , , ,

gi nni ng t o m anife st its e lf a nd c o uld a lre a dy b e h e a rd in all pa rts ,

o ft h e ki n gd o m — th o s e dull a nd dist ant rumbli ngs t he fo re ru nne rs ,

o fv o lc a nic o utbr e aks The Fr e nch p e o pl e h a d b e e n c a ll e d by t he

.
,

go v e r nm nt its e lf t o c o nsid e r t he situ ati o n o f t he fi nanc e s a nd

e , ,

t o h e a r t he st at e m e nt o f t he fo rtu ne o f t he S t a t e A light so ne w .

t o th e ir e y e s ha d c a us e d a liv e ly s e ns a ti o n a nd m a d e a pr o fo u nd
impre ssi o n A n e ntire ly ne w p o we r w as cr e at e d in France th at
.
,

o f public o pi n i o n I t w as no t t he cl e a r and fi rm o pi ni o n which

.

is t he privil e ge o f na ti o ns w ho h av e l o ng a nd p e a c e ably e nj o y e d
th e ir lib e rti e s a nd the k no wl e dge o f th e ir a ffa irs but th a t o f an ,

imp e tu o us a nd i ne xp e ri e nc e d p e o pl e w ho are o nly the m o re p re ,

sumptu o us in th e ir j udgm e nts a nd m o re d e cid e d in the ir will I t .

is this fo rmid abl e i nstrum e nt th at M de Ca l o nne d are d t o u nd e r .

t ak e t o h a ndl e in o rd e r t o adj ust t he o ld spri ngs o f t he go ve r n

,

m e nt H e summ o ne d t he N o t abl e s he divid e d th e m i nt o

.

c o mmissi o ns o ve r e a ch o f which pre sid e d a pri nc e o f t he ro ya l

,

fa mily o r a pri nc e o f the bl o o d The pre sid e ncy o f t he third .

c o mmissi o n fe ll t o t he D u e d O rléa ns H e o nly m ad e hims e lf ’

.

n o tic e d by his i ndiffe r e n c e an d l a ck o fa pplic ati o n Dilig e nc e t th e . a

s e ssi o ns wo uld h ave re quire d t he s acrific e o f his pl e a sure s o r o f

his h abits fo r a c o nsid e rabl e t im e a nd this he w as no t c ap abl e ,

o f m a ki ng H e b e g a n by abs e nti ng hims e lf fr o m t he e v e ni ng

.

sitti ngs and e nd e d by ne gl e cti ng the day m e e ti ngs t o which he

, ,

1 h am l e t o f M o uss e aux o r M o nc au no w a district fP ris b l o ng e d fo rm e rly

The e ,
o a , e

t th e p rish f C lichy Th e fe rm i e r gén r l d l R e ynier h d cquir d the l o rdship

’

o a o .
-
e a e a e a a e

o f M o nc e au wh e r e he p o ss e ss d th e ch a
,
t u f B l ir Th D e de C h artre s b e c m e
e ea o e a . e u a

in tur n its purch s r H e built o n it

a e . c o u ntry s e at c all e d L F li d Ch tre a a o e e ar s,

and de signe d r u nd it m g nifice nt p ark The C o nv nti o n d cl r d th P re

a o a a . e e a e e a

M nc e u n ti n l pr p rty
o a a o L t e r th E m p e ro r g v e it t o C m b c eres
a o e . a L o uis
, e a a a .

X V I I I re turne d it t the O rlé ns fam ily which k e pt it u ntil the p assi ng o fthe d e cre e
. o a ,

o f 1 85 2 which m d e it d e fi nitiv e ly
,
a n ti n l pr o p e rty a a o a .
1 28 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c a m e ve ry l at e a nd s o m e tim e s no t at all H e push e d his frivo lity

,
.

t o t he e xt e nt o f g o i ng duri ng o ne o f t he s e ssi o ns t o a hu nt in
, ,

t he w o o ds o f R a i ncy T he d e e r which he pursu e d w as c aptur e d

.

in t he ditch e s o f t he F a ub o urg S ai nt A nt o i ne u nd e r t he e y e s -
, ,

a nd t o t h e gr e a t sc a nd a l o f t he P a risi a ns ,
.

H is p a rtis a ns no t v e ry num e r o us th o ught t o e xcus e his c o nduct

, ,

by r e m arki ng th at a t l e a st he w as no p a rty t o t he i ntrigu e s

, , ,

which a ft e r h avi ng sc and a lis e d t he A ss e mbly o f t he N o t abl e s

, ,

had e nd e d in annihil ati ng a ll t he h o p e s its m e e ti ng ha d giv e n ris e

to .
1
This ne gativ e pra is e w as no t fl att e ri ng ; fo r w a s th e re no
o th e r p a rt f o r t he D u e d O rle a ns t o pl a y o n this m e m o r a bl e
’ ’

o cc a si o n but th at o f a n i ntrigu e r
,
I t w a s m o r e th a n a c e ntury
a nd a h a lf si n c e Fr a nc e h ad s e e n he r ki ng summ o n so imp o rt a nt

a c o u ncil The gr e a t e st l o rds t he first m agistr at e s t he w e a lthi e st

.
, ,

l and o w ne rs o f Fra nc e had m e t t o ge th e r t o give th e ir a dvic e o n

,

the pri n cip a l qu e sti o n s o f t he a dmi nistr ati o n I t w as m e ant .

th e re by t o o pp o s e t he p o we r o f a stro nge r a nd m o re e nlight e ne d

O pi ni o n t o t he r e sist a nc e o f t h e p a rle m e nt t o a tt a ck t he C o l o ssus ,

o fe ccl e si a stic a l privil e g e s t o c a us e t he yi e ld o ft he p u blic r at e s a nd

,

t a x e s t o b al anc e t he e xp e nditure o f the S t at e by ch angi ng t he

wh o l e syst e m o f t a x ati o n t o p a ss l o ng d e sire d u nifo rm l aws o n
,

t he r e m o v a l o f t he ba rrie res o n st atut e l ab o ur o n t he fre e d o m o f

‘

, ,

t he c o r n tr a d e a nd m a n y o th e r imp e dim e nts t o na ti o na l pr o s

,

p e rit y . I t is e a sily c o nc e iv e d th at t he m e n o r t he o rg a niz a ti o n s

thre at e ne d by th e s e re fo rms wo uld h ave d o ne the ir utm o st t o

r e nd e r th e m imp o ssibl e a nd th at t he sw arms o f a mbiti o us m e n
,

wh o s e aim it w as t o s e cure O ffic e t o o k p o ss e ssi o n o f this vast fi e ld ,

t o c a rry o n th e ir struggl e But th at a pri nc e o f the bl o o d so

.
,

fo re ig n t o i nt e r e sts o f this nature sh o uld no t h ave e xp e ri e nc e d ,

t he no bl e t e mpt ati o n t o crush a ll th e s e p e tty i ntrigu e s u nd e r t he

we ight o f his i nd e p e nd e nc e th a t he sh o uld h av e vi e w e d with ,

i ndiffe re nc e all th e s e sympt o ms o f re b e lli o n th at he sh o uld h ave ,

c a lmly l o o k e d o n the d a nge rs o f t he ki ng wh o s e w e a k ne ss w as ,

so o bvi o us a nd w as so cru e lly r e li e d o n I c a nno t c o nc e iv e no r , ,

c a n I a cc o u nt f o r it a t all H e was bitt e rly r e pr o ach e d fo r it by

.

t he nati o n which t o o k o nly t o o much i nt e r e st in th o s e d e b a t e s

, ,

a nd which ha d a lr e ady l o st t o o much o f its fo rm e r friv o l o us

ch a ract e r t o e xcus e a pri nc e o f t he ro y a l bl o o d sc and al o usly

, ,
1 30 TH E IVE M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

h o ld hims e lf s o l e ly to the re st o rati o n o f the fi na nc e s he w e nt ,

dire ctly to the ro o t o f the e vil a nd e xpre ss e d t he wish o f ,

bri ngi ng b ack t o t he ki ng the h e arts o f the Fre nch which had ,

b e e n e stra nge d by the faults o f the go v e r nm e nt H e pro p o s e d .

,

in o rd e r t o a cc o mplish b o th th e s e e nds a t o nc e t o e st ablish ,

c o u ncils a t the h e ad o fe ach o f t he s e cti o ns o f the a dmi nistrati o n ,

a nd by this m e an s t o w e a k e n t he a uth o rity o f t he mi nist e rs .

But at t he s am e tim e he wish e d fo r a supre m e chi e f a pri ncip a l

, , ,

l e ad e r at the h e ad o f t he c o u ncil a nd d e cl a r e d hims e lf re ady t o ,

c o ns e nt t o pl ay this l e adi ng p art pro vid e d th at he w as e ntrust e d

with u nlimit e d p o we r a nd supp o rt e d by all the m e ans public
,

o pi ni o n c o uld d e vis e t o str e ngth e n this p o w e r H e ask e d in .

,

c o ns e qu e nc e th at t he titl e and p o st o f sup e ri nt e nd e nt o f

,

fi nanc e s a n o ffic e which had no t b e e n c o nfe rr e d si nc e t he

,

disgrace o f S up e ri nt e nd e nt Fo uqu e t u nd e r t he re ig n o f L o uis ,

X I V sh o uld b e re e st ablish e d in his fav o ur

.
,
-
The e asy indu l .

ge nc e o f L o uis X V I t o wh o m t he D u e d O rléa ns d e live re d this

.
,
’

s e c o nd m e m o ri a l w o uld o nly h ave re p a id with sc o r n this u n

,

w arrant abl e pi e c e o f imp e rti ne nc e Ch anc e did m e n j ustic e by .

divulgi ng it A c o py o f this d o cum e nt w as fo u nd o n t he p e rs o n

.

o f t he Co mt e de K e rs a l a u n a Bre t o n no bl e m a n wh o m t he
,

go v e r no r o f Britt any had had a rr e st e d in c o nne cti o n with m att e rs

re l ati ng t o his jurisdicti o n a nd t he s e cre t thus spre ad abro ad
,

e nabl e d p e o pl e t o a ppr e ci at e t he m o d e st t al e nts o f t he ch a n

ce llo r a nd t he prud e nc e o f his m a st e r

, .

This disc o v e ry e xp o s e d b o th to m any j o k e s in ve rs e and in

pro s e o f which w e o nly cit e t he fo ll o wi ng e pigra m as it m ay
, ,

s e rve to i ndic at e t he ruli ng t e nd e nci e s in Franc e at this p e ri o d ,

o f t he life o f t he D u e d O rléans
’

P ar t e s pr oj e t s bi e n e nt e ndu s ,

M o d e st e D uc re st, a t e nt e ndre , ’

A la r e i ne au ro i t u vas r e ndr e
, ,

Le s c oe ur s fr ancai s q u ils o nt p e rdu s

’
.

S ans m ir a c l e c e l a p e u t etr e
H él as ils n o nt qu a le v o ul o ir
’ ’
.

M ai s e n pr e u ve de t o n savo ir
, ,

Fai s no u s av ant ai m e r t o n m aitr e

-
.

1
Th anks to yo ur w e ll co nce rt e d pl ans-
,

Ifwe are to b e li e v e yo u u nassu m i ng D ucre st

, ,
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 31

This fi rst att e mpt to r e c o nqu e r public favo ur h avi ng pro ve d

a fa ilur e t he c o nfi da nt s o f t he D u e d O rléa ns did no t l o s e
’

c o urage and o nly c o nsid e re d th e ms e lve s war ne d t o arrange

,

m att e rs b e tt e r in future .

O cc asi o ns c o uld no t b e r a r e at a tim e wh e n the p o siti o n o f

af fairs w as ch a ngi ng a nd b e c o mi ng m o r e i ntric at e e v e ry day .

The pr o gr e ss o f id e a s m o r e r apid e v e n th an th at o f e ve nts w as , ,

pro digi o usly acc e l e rate d .

A t t he b e gi nni ng o f th at s a m e y e a r a m e e ti ng o f N o t abl e s ,

had as I h ave a lr e a dy s a id surpris e d e ve ryb o dy a nd in t he

, , ,

m o nth o f J uly fo ll o wi ng t he na m e o f S t at e s G e ne ra l w as utt e re d ,

-

in t he p a rle m e nt o f P a ris its e lf with m o r e e nthusi a sm th a n

surpris e The c o urts o f j ustic e e ve rywh e re a bdic a t e d th e ir o ld
.

pre te nsi o ns t o d e cid e t he a m o u nt o f t a x e s to b e r ais e d Th e y

, .

r e fus e d t o re gist e r the e dicts a nd s e nt b ack t he tax l aws to b e ,

-

discuss e d by t he S t at e s G e ne r a l The c o urt ast o nish e d a t this -

.
,

l a ngu age tri e d t o i ntimid at e t he pa rle m e nts ; th at o f P aris w as

,

transfe rr e d t o the city o f Tro ye s a nd fo r o th e r di fficulti e s t he , ,

p a rle m e nt o f B o rd e a ux r e m v
o e d to Lib o ur ne 1 This s e ve rity .

had no t b e e n o f l o ng dur a ti o n The o bsti na cy o f the m agistr at e s .

h ad no t b e e n i nfl e xibl e ; h a lf w ay m e a sur e s a nd i ntrigu e s in -

which M and M ad am e de S em o nvill e ( th e n M a d a m e de

.
2

will win b ack to the q u e e n nd the ki ng

You , a ,

re nch h rts th e y h ve l st Th e F ea a o .

W ith ut m ir cl e to o th t m y b e o a a a

A l s th ey h ve only to wish it
, ,

a a .

But first m k e us l ve y ur d r m ast e r a o o ea ,

A nd y o ur p o w e r p rh ps th e n w e will cre dit ,

e a , .

The p rl m en t o f P ris w s e xil e d t o Tr ye s A ugust 1 5 1 78 7

1
a e s a r e sult o f the
a a o a

d li be r ti n it h d h e ld n A ugust 7 pre c di ng to pr te st g i nst the lit de j ti

, , ,

e a o a o e o a a us ce,
wh r the e dicts o n t he st m p —
,

e e duty nd n the t e rrit o ri l subsidi e s h d b e n r gis a a o a a e e

te e d by fo rc
r I t w s r c ll e d n A ugust 1 9 f ll wi ng the m i nist ry h d d cid d to
e. a e a o o o a e e
a gr to th s e t w dicts A s t the p l m nt o f B rd e ux it had be e n e xil d t
ee e o e . o ar e e o a , e o
L i b urne o t b ut th s m e ti m e f r h vi ng pr o t e st d g i nst th
, a a o e cr ti o n f pr
a , o a e a a e ea o o
v in i l ass m bli s
c a I t h d v n f rb idd e n t h
e e ss m bly o fL i m o usi n t m e e t g i n
a e e o e a e o a a

C h rl s L o uis H ugu t M rquis de S em o nvill

. .

2
a e b rn in 1 7 5 9 w s r c e iv e d as
e , a e, o ,
a e

c u ns ll r t the p rlem nt f P ris in 1 778 I n spit o fhis o pp siti n to the c urt

o e o a a e o a . e o o o ,

h e r e t i n d the f vo ur f the ki ng w s ch rg e d with ne g ti ti ng the r e c o n cili ti o n o f

a e a o , a a o a a

M ir b u a nd l at r
ea ,th t o f the Giro ndists M i nist e r t G e ne v in 1 79 1 m i nist r
a e ,
a . a a e

a t F l r e n c in 1 7 9 3 wh r D nt n s nt him t o ne g o ti t e the s e tti ng t li b e rty o f th

o e , e e a o e a a e

r y l f m ily he w s rr st e d with his c ll gu e M re t ( the futur e D e de B ss ano )

o a a , a a e o ea , a u a ,

nd su f f re d thirty m nths c ptivity O n th 1 8th Bru m ir e h e w s n m e d m i nist e r t

’
a e o a e a a a o
H ll nd S en t r in 1 805 he t k n p rt in p litics u nd r th E m pire P e r o f
.

o a a o oo o a o e e e

H k e pt al o o f duri ng the H u ndr d

. .
,

F r nc in 1 8 1 4 gr nd r f re nd ry o fth c o urt
a e a e e a e . e e
D ys t
a k up his fu ncti ns g i n in 1 8 1 5 nd k e pt th m u ntil 1 83 0 H e th n m d e
, oo o a a , a e . e a

s o m e e ffo rt s to s ave the B urb o n m o narchy N e ve rth e l e ss he r e t ai ne d his o ffic e u nde r

o . ,

K 2
1 32 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

M o nt ho lo n) pp e ar fo r t he fi rst tim e in di ffe re nt c ap a citi e s had

a , ,

bro ught ab o ut a t e mp o ra ry re c o ncili ati o n ; but it was o nly a

truc e and e ve n th o ugh t he m e a sure s t ak e n s e e m e d m o re c o n
,

c iliat o ry public o pi ni o n gr a du a lly a ssum e d a m o r e m e na ci ng

,

a sp e ct The c ars o f t he mi nist e rs b e c a m e fa mili a r with t he nam e

.

o f S t a t e s G e ne r a l ; th e y e nt e r e d i nt o n e w e ng a g e m e nts o n e v e ry
-

o cc asi o n ; t he e ff o rts o f t he mi nistry w e r e dir e ct e d o nly t o

putti ng o ff the m e e ti ng o f this a ss e mbly u ntil the y e ar 1 7 9 2 .

This d e l a y th e y must gai n a nd in t he m e antim e face the , , ,

t ax e s p ay o fft he sums ab o ut t o fa ll du e o r a lr e ady so and me e t

, , ,

e xtr ao rdi n ary e xp e ns e s ; a nd f o r so m any ne e ds t he mi nistry ,

m e nti o ne d no o th e r re s o urc e th an th at o f a l o an o p e n fo r fiv e
succ e ssiv e y e ars and wh o s e c apit a l was to re ach fo ur hu ndre d
,

milli o ns .

I n o rd e r to p alli at e t he e ffe ct o f this e no rm o us d e m and th e y ,

sp o k e o n t he o ne h and o f re fo rms e c o no mi e s a nd a m e li o rati o ns , ,

whil e o n t he o th e r th e y add e d t o the burs a l e dict a law favo ur

,

abl e t o t he no n C ath o lics a law th a t t he g o v e r n m e nt b e li e v e d

-
,

c o nfo rm abl e t o t he pre v aili ng id e a s a nd c a lcul at e d to rally

m a ny supp o rte rs I t ha d c e rt ai nly ne ve r st o o d in gre at e r ne e d
.

o f th e m The critic a l mi nd pr e v a il e d e v e rywh e r e ; e v e ryb o dy

.

prid e d hims e lf o n b e i ng a n o pp o ne nt it was t he ge ne ral disp o ,

sit io n ; it a n im a t e d a ll t he c o rp o r ati o ns it pre va il e d in all t he ,

writi ngs all m e n vi e d with e a ch o the r as t o w ho Sh o uld a tt a ck

a mi nistry th a t no o ne d a r e d t o d e fe nd a nd which a ft e r all , ,

p e rh aps had no m o re d a nge ro us e ne my th an its o w n i nc ap acity

, .

S o it w a s e a sy t o w in vict o ri e s o ve r it and wh at e v e r might b e

.
, ,

t he issu e o f this c o nt e st t o h av e public o pi ni o n in o ne s fav o ur

’

, .

The fri e nds o f t he D ue d O rléa ns pr e ss e d him t o a spir e t o

’

th at e a sy succ e ss by which v a ri o us o th e r i nt e re sts c o uld b e

,

s atisfi e d a t t he s a m e tim e H e w as no t with o ut e xp e ri e nci ng .

s o m e re s e ntm e nt at h avi ng b e e n m e t with a re fus a l the l a st tim e ,

he had a sk e d t o b e auth o riz e d t o go t o E ngl and fo r t he pri nc e s

o f t he bl o o d c o uld no t go o u t o f Fr a nc e with o ut t he p e rmissi o n

o f t he ki ng P o litic al re as o ns e asy to b e c o nc e ive d pl a c e d a ll

.
, ,

th e w g v r m
ne t H di d i 83 9 S m vill m rri d M d m is ll d
o e n en e e n 1
'
e on e a e a e o e e e

H is t p w G r l d M h l
. .

R t i wid w f th C m t d M
o s a n, o oth l e o e e on o on s e -
so n as e ne a e o nt o o n,

S i tHl
.

wh cc m p i d N p l
o a o t
an e a O f hi st p d ught rs m rri d
o eon o a n e e na . ne o s e -
a e a e

Ge ne r al J o ub e rt , and o n he r se c o nd m arri age , M arsh al M acd o nald .

 134 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

The D u e d O rléans hims e lf e ach day fa rth e r re m o ve d

’
saw

fro m th at famili ar s o ci e ty o f which t he qu e e n had give n t he

fi rst e x a mpl e t o t he c o urt o f Franc e and o fwhich Littl e Tri ano n ,

was t he o rdi nary r e nd e zv o us To s e v e ra l fet e s in this d e lightful .

ga rd e n t o th at a m o ng o th e rs which t he qu e e n g ave th e re fo r
, ,
1
,

t he a rchduk e he r br o th e r t he D u e d O rléa ns w a s no t i nvit e d

’
.
, ,

I t is tru e th at no pri nc e o f t he bl o o d w as fav o ure d o n this

o cc a si o n D is agre e m e nts o f ano th e r ch ara ct e r lik e wis e k e pt the
.

Pri nc e de Co ndé and his fa mily away fro m t he p arti e s gi v e n at

2

Littl e Tri ano n A t t he gat e s o f this ch a rmi ng re tre at t he

.
,

qu e e n fe lt th at she c o u ld lay a sid e the ch ai ns o f he r grand e ur .

Q u e e n at Ve rs aill e s she b e li e v e d she p aid th e re he r d e bt t o t he

,

a ugust r ank she o ccupi e d privat e ly at Tri ano n she wish e d ,

t o b e th e r e o nly t he m o st a mi abl e o f w o m e n and t o k no w o nly

t he sw e e t ne ss e s o f i ntim a cy S e e i ng th at no o ne ha d abs o lut e ly .

a right t o t he fav o ur o f b e i ng a dmitt e d t o th e s e littl e e xcursi o ns ,

it w as o nly the m o re d e sirabl e a nd the m o r e c alcul at e d t o e xcit e ,

t he d e sir e o f b e i ng i nvit e d The Duc d O rléans c o uld no t c o nc e a l

’
.

his e nvy e v e n u nd e r t he cl o a k o f i ndiffe re nc e A t o ne o f th e s e

, .

fet e s he pl anne d with s o m e l adi e s o f the c o urt as littl e in favo ur as

,

he w as t he m e ans o f mi ngli ng with t he p e 0 p 1e a dmitt e d t o l o o k

,

a t t he illumi nati o ns a nd h avi ng thus p e ne trat e d i nt o t he ,

g de n he av e ng e d hims e lf fo r no t h avi ng b e e n i nvit e d by such

a r , , ,

l o ud j e e ri ng a nd no isy gai e ty th at the qu e e n w as i nfo rm e d o f it ,

a nd k e e nly hurt .

Th e s e littl e fi ts o f anim o sity had so irrit at e d the D u e

d O rléans th at it w as no t di f fi cult t o l e a d him o n t o m o re s e ri o us
’

m e asure s o f o pp o siti o n The sw ay o f fashi o n a l o ne w o uld .

h a ve su ffice d t o d e cid e him Wh at was th e re t o b e fe are d in a .

facti o n which the p e tti e st b ailiwick o f t he ki ngd o m j o i ne d with

impu nity and o f which t he c o urti e rs pro fe ss e d t he pri ncipl e s e ve n
,

in t he v e ry ant e ch a mb e rs o f t he ki ng The Duc d O rléans had

’
.

1
Fe e t give n to J ose ph II .
, at Tri ano n, on the o ccasio n of his vi sit to F ranc e ,

J u ne 1 3. 1 7 7 7»
2
u is J o se ph d Bo urb o n P ri nc e de C o ndé so n o f the D ue de B o urb o n who
Lo -
e , , ,

w as first m i nist e r u nd e r L uis X V and f urth d e sc nd nt o f the gr e t C o ndé

o Bo rn o e a a
in 1 7 3 6 h e t o o k an ctiv e p rt in the S e v n Y rs W ar e m igr t e d in 1 7 89 and
. .

a a e ea a

b c me the chi e f o f th at b o dy o f m ig r wh o t o o k fro m t h t ti m e the n m e o f A r m y

, , ,
’ ’
e a e es, a a

o f C ndé o H e re tir e d to E ngl nd in 1 80 1 re e nt e r e d F r nc e t the R e st o r ti o n and

a -
a a a

di d in 1 8 1 8 H e had m arri e d the d ught e r o f the M arsh al P ri nc e de S o ubis e

.
, ,

e . a .
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S ’
. 1 35

on ly t o pre s e nt hims e lf in o rd e r t o b e pr o cl aim e d l e ad e r o f the

,

m alc o nt e nts at a tim e wh e n e ve ryb o dy was o r a ffe ct e d t o be , ,

o ne This p o siti o n w as o ft e n pr e s e nt e d t o his i magi nati o n by

.

t he m e n w ho had succ e e d e d in g a i ni ng his c o nfid e nc e I t b e l o ngs .

t o my subj e ct t o m ak e th e m k no w n fo r wh at w o uld hist o ry b e ,

i f it p ai nt e d but t he surfa c e al o ne with o ut e v e r p e ne trati ng i nt o ,

t he i nne r life o f m e n who h av e pl ay e d a pr o mi ne nt p a rt a nd ,

with o ut discl o si ng the m o tive s which c a us e d th e m t o a c t

I h av e a lre ady sk e tch e d t he ch ara ct e r o f C h anc e ll o r D u c re st ,

w ho h e ld t he fi rst pl ac e in t he h o us e o f t he D u e d O rle ans M ’ ’

. .

de Lim o n had u nd e r M D u c re st t he duti e s a nd t he titl e

,
1
,
.
,

o f I nt e nd a nt o f Fi nan c e s H e w as a busi ne ss m a n adr o it b e .

,

y o nd m e asure ; he had had t he m a nage m e nt o f t he p e cu ni ary

i nt e re sts o f M onsie u r The e st a t e o f t he fo rm e r Duc d O rle a ns
.
’ ’

had j ust b e e n pr o v e d ; it w as o f eno rm o us v alu e but i nv o lve d , ,

a n d t h e c o h e irs r a is e d a ll s o rts o f di f
-
ficulty M de Lim o n suc . .

c e e de d in cl e a ri ng this ch ao s a nd m a ki ng t he br o th e r a nd t he ,

sist e r s atis fi e d with e ach o the r and with hims e lf By this s e rvice
2
.
,

h e s e cur e d t he c o nfid e nc e o f t he D u e d O rléans ; and he w as

’

no t a m a n w ho w o uld no t m ak e t he m o st o f it fo r hims e lf .

Whil e fo ll o wi ng t he litigati o n re l ative t o t he e st at e he had m ad e ,

t he a cqu ai nt anc e o f t he chi e f m e mb e rs o f t he pa rle m e nt o f P a ris ,

who b e i ng th e n e ng ag e d in high e r p o litics had willi ngly w e l

, ,

c o m e d the i nt e nd ant o f a pri nc e wh o s e nam e c o uld give w e ight

t o th e ir o pi ni o ns A s fo r M de Lim o n he ha d d e t e ct e d s o m e
. .
,

h o p e o f m a ki ng hims e lf ne c e ss a ry and he cultivat e d c a re fully ,

his ne w a cqu ai nt anc e s in o rd e r th at no o ne c o uld disput e with ,

him t he p art o f m e dium b e twe e n the pri nc e a nd t he p a rle m ent .

M de Lim o n fo u nd hims e lf p o we rfully aid e d by A bbé

.

S ab ati e r de Cabr e o ne o f t he m o st stirri ng m e mb e rs o f t he

,

p a rle m e nts o f th at tim e A fri e nd o f M a d a m e de S ill e ry it .

,

had b e e n e asy fo r t he a bbé who a ttr a ct e d g e ne ra l no tic e by ,

a r a r e e ff ro nt e ry a s e duci ng im agi nati o n a s o rt o f e l o qu e nc e

, , ,

a bu nd an t fant astic a nd fe rtil e o f abus e t o gai n a cc e ss t o the

, ,

1
rquis G e ffr y d L i m o n w s c o m ptro ll e r ge ne r l o f the D e d Orléans
Th e M a o o e a -
a u
’
.

D e ply d e v o t d to this pri nc h e ssu m e d duri ng the R e v o luti n 2 r ath r e quiv c l

e e e, a o e o a

ttitud e I t is e v n pr t e nde d th t he w n t e d to h v the C o m t e d A rt o is p o is o n d

, ,
’
a e e a a a e e

A ft r h avi ng b e n fe rve nt p tri o t he m igr te d nd b e c am fi rm roy list H e it

. .

e e a a , e a , a e a a .

w w h d w up th e m nif st
as o re f th e D uk e o f Bru nswick
a eH e di e d in 1 7 79
o o . .

M d m t he D uch e ss e de B o urb n
2
a a e, o .
1 36 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

i ntim acy o f t he D ue d O rle ans H e pl e as e d t he l att e r and

’ ’
.
,

s o o n succ e e d e d in l e adi ng him o n Th o ugh e nj o yi ng no .

e st e e m in t he p a rle m e nt he p o ss e ss e d s o m e i nflu e nc e th e r e
, H is .

fe ll o w c o u ns e ll o rs had a ccus e d him o fh avi ng b e e n t he spy o ft he

l a st mi nistry he cl e a re d hims e lf by h a ra ssi ng t he ne w o ne I t .

w as he w ho o n J uly 1 6 1 7 8 7 sugg e st e d in t he m e e ti ng o f t he
, , , ,

c o urts t he c o nvo cati o n o f t he S t at e s G e ne ral ; a nd this b o ld

,
-

no v e lty had b e e n gr e atly i nstrum e nt a l in dr awi ng a tt e nti o n

t o him .

Wh at a n a dvant age fo r a m a n o f this st amp if he c o uld

succ e e d in drawi ng t he D u e d O rléans i nt o a s e ri e s o f u nd e r
’

t aki ngs re sp e cti ng which his i nc ap a city wo uld e ach day i ncre as e
,

his d e p e nd e nc e ! S ab ati e r u nd e rst o o d th at he must ab o ve a ll

sm o o th t he di fficulti e s b e fo re the pri nc e th at he must no t h o p e ,

t o c o nqu e r his friv o lity but r ath e r c o nfi ne hims e lf t o e x acti ng

,

littl e fr o m him in o rd e r t o c o ncili at e a ll his faili ngs S o t he .

pri nc e had m e r e ly t o r e h e a rs e t he p art a rrange d by t he abbé

fo r his a pp e ar anc e o n t he st ag e o f public a ffa irs The l o an o f .

fo ur hu ndre d milli o ns o f which I h ave a lr e ady sp o k e n fur nish e d

t he o cc a si o n fo r it I t is fr o m th e n th at t he p art t a k e n in
.

public a ffa irs by t he D u e d O rléans o ught re ally t o b e d at e d

’
.

I n o rd e r t o b e tt e r u nd e rst and this i n cid e nt it is ne c e ss a ry ,

t o m ak e k no w n a fe w o f t he fo rms o bs e rv e d th e n in Fr a nc e ,

wh e n the go ve r nm e nt h ad ne e d t o b o rr o w The e dicts which .

cre at e d t he l o a ns and which d e t e rmi ne d its c o nditi o ns had t he

, ,

ch aract e r o f l aws a nd lik e o th e r l aws had t o b e transcrib e d

, ,

o n t he r e gist e rs o f the p a rle m ents o f t he ki ngd o m This .

fo rm a lity which s ancti o ne d t he e ngage m e nt o f t he S t at e

, ,

s e cure d t he l e nd e rs But t o pro duc e such p o we rful e ffe cts

.
,

w as simpl e fo rm su ffi ci e nt ? Co uld the m e re ac t o f a

m at e ri al tra nscripti o n c o nstitut e a public o bligati o n and ,

m o rtg age t he r e v e nu e s o f t he S t a t e ? W a s no t th e n t he r e gis

t e ri ng in the pa rle m ents a n a ppro val o f m e asure s i nclud e d in
t he e dict A nd d o e s no t t he right o f a ppr o v a l supp o s e th a t o f
dis appro v a l ? W a s no t t he re gist e ri ng a wit ne ss o f t he nati o nal
c o ns e nt ; a nd c o uld this c o ns e nt b e su ffici e ntly e xpr e ss e d by a
m e c hanic al o p e rati o n bli nd a nd p e rfe ctly p assive ? A ll th e s e
,

qu e sti o ns re curre d with o ut c e asi ng and b e i ng a lways e lud e d , ,

1 38 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

b o s o m o f t he pa rlem ent and in t he midst o f t he pri nc e s o f th e ir

,

bl o o d a nd o f the p e e rs o f th e ir ki ngd o m A t th e s e r o y a l
,
.

sitti ngs all t he j udge s g ave th e ir o pi ni o ns ; t he ki ng had o nly

,

his o w n vo t e a nd d e live re d a v e rdict as e xpre ss e d by the m aj o rity .

But his pr e s e nc e at t he tri a l o f privat e c a s e s g ave we ight t o

t he m e asur e th e re a d o pt e d —th a t w a s t he gr e a t e st d e fe ct o f this

e x e rcis e o th e rwis e so r e sp e ct abl e o f t he fu ncti o ns o f r o y a lty

, ,
.

I t w as u nd e rst o o d l at e r th a t i f j ustic e is t he d e bt o f ki ngs this

, ,

d e bt is b e tt e r disch a rge d wh e n th e y do no t disch arg e it p e rs o na lly .

Thus the ki ng no l o ng e r att e nd e d t he tri al o f c as e s ; but he had

r e t a i ne d his right o f sitti ng in the midst O f t he j udg e s H e o nly .

m ad e u se o f it as a rul e t o e nj o i n p e rs o na lly t he re gist e ri ng

, ,

o f so me l aws and t o o v e rc o m e a ny o pp o siti o n t o it : this

,

visit w as na m e d a lit de j ustice ; t he dire ct re sult o f this i nsti

t u t io n w as th a t e v e n in t he m a tt e r o f t a x e s a nd l o a ns t he ki ng ,

w as s o l e and abs o lut e l e gisl at o r fo r the c o o p e r ati o n O f t he pa rl

-

m e nts c o uld a lways b e r e duc e d t o a pur e ly p assiv e acti o n a nd

in fa ct th e y had no p a rt in t he m a ki ng o f t he l aws t he p assi ng

, ,

o fwhich th e y ha d no right t o pro p o s e no r t o pr e v e nt , .

The o nly c o u nt e rp o is e t o t he r o y a l p o w e r c o nsist e d in t he

na ti o na l m anne rs a nd in public o pi n i o n which giv e s fo rc e t o t he,

la w in w e ll co nst 1 t u t e d c o u ntri e s a nd which in pur e ly d e sp o tic

-
, ,

c o u ntri e s fi lls t he l ack o f i nstituti o ns This imp alp abl e fo rc e

,
.

w as c e rt a i nly m o st r e a l in m att e rs o f l o an s ; fo r t he g o v e r n
m e nt might i nd e e d c all fo r c apit a l and it is c o nfid e nc e and
, ,

w e ll fo u nd e d c o nfi d e nc e which bri ngs it The A rchbish o p o f

-
.

T o ul o us e Mi nist e r o f Fi nanc e s r e c o g niz e d this truth ; the ne e d

, ,

o f m o r e th a n fo ur hu ndr e d milli o ns t o a ss e ss o n t he fi ve y e ars t o

fo ll o w was e ach day m o re fully d e m o nstra t e d t o him H e

,
.

u nd e rst o o d at the s am e tim e th at if this l o an w e re o nly re gis

, ,

t e re d by fo rc e it w o uld b e a nno u nc e d u nd e r t o o u nfa v o ur a bl e

,

a uspic e s a nd w o uld ne v e r b e c o ve re d The lits de j ust ice .

had b e c o m e o di o us H e c o uld no t c o u nt up o n a fr e e c o n s e nt ;
.

he fe a r e d t he r e sults o f a c o ns e nt t o o o p e nly wr e nch e d H e fe lt .

t he ne e d o f bri ngi ng a uth o rity i nt o a cti o n a nd at t he s am e tim e , , ,

o f dissimul ati ng this a cti o n H e th o ught th e n o f g e tti ng t he

.

ki ng t o h o ld a sitti ng in t he pa rle m ent o f P aris a sitti ng which

sh o uld b e a c o mp o u nd o f a lit de j u stice and o f t he o ld r o y a l
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 39

s e ssi o ns . O f th e s e he
b o rro w e d t he nam e which was no t dis
cre dit e d a nd t he m o d e o f suff
,
rage which p e rmitt e d e ach m e mb e r ,

o fp a rlem e nt t o giv e his O pi n i o n a nd d e v e l o p his a rgum e nts H e ,

.

re t ai ne d the e ss e nti a l p a rts o f the lits de j ustice t he right t o ,

e nfo rc e t he r e gist e ri ng with o ut r e g ard t o t he plur a lity o f v o t e s

,

o r t he wish o f t he m aj o rity .

O n N o v e mb e r l gth 1 7 8 7 t he ki ng pre s e nt e d hims e lf at ni ne

, ,

o cl o ck in t he m o r ni ng a t t he p a rle m e nt The D u e d O rléans w as

’ ’
.

th e re and t he o th e r pri nc e s o f t he bl o o d with t he e xc e pti o n o f

, ,

t he Pri nc e de C o ndé w ho w as th e n o ccupi e d in h o ldi ng t he ,

e st at e s o f Burgu ndy T he ki ng br o ught with him t wo e dicts

.
,

o ne o f which r e l at e d t o t he cr e a ti o n o f t he l o a n o f fo ur hu ndr e d

milli o ns and fo rm e d the pri ncip a l o bj e ct o f the s e ssi o n whil e

, ,

t he s e c o nd which w as o n t h e civil c o nditi o n o f t he no n Ca th o lics

,
-
,

had o nly b e e n c o nc e iv e d in o rd e r t o thr o w s o m e fav o ur abl e light

o n t he bu rsa l e dict .

The ki ng o p e ne d t he s e ssi o n by a sp e e ch divid e d i nt o t wo

p arts ; in t he fi rst he anno u nc e d th at he had c o m e t o c o nsult
,

his pa rle m e nt o f P aris o n t w o gre at a cts o f admi nistrati o n a nd

o f l e gisl a ti o n H e d e v e l o p e d v e ry littl e o f t he purp o s e o f th e s e
.
,

l e avi ng as w as cust o m a ry t o his K e e p e r o f t he S e a ls t he c a re

, , ,

o f t he d e t ails a nd o f t he e xpl a nati o ns I n t he s e c o nd p art .

,

he t o o k o cc asi o n t o r e ply t o t he r e m o nstr an c e s th at t h e

p a rle m e nt o f P a ris had a ddr e ss e d t o him in favo ur o f t he

p a rle m nt f B o rd e aux which h ad b e e n pu nish e d by a re
e o ,

m o va l t o Lib o ur ne fo r h avi ng ra is e d di ffi cul t i e s re l a tive t o t he

re giste ri ng o f a law o n t he pro vi nci al ass e mbli e s The ki ng in .
,

this p art o f his sp e e ch e mpl o y e d a t o ne o f a uth o rity which , ,

b e i ng a ffe ct e d a nd no t e ve n sust ai ne d duri ng t he littl e tim e he

sp o k e s e rv e d o nly to m ak e p e rc e ptibl e by its vari ati o ns the
, ,

h e sit ati o ns o f his ch aract e r .

The K e e p e r o f t he S e a ls sp o k e a ft e r him ; his disc o urs e 1

e mbr a c e d a v ast pl an he c o mm e nc e d by a tt acki ng dir e ctly t he

1
K e p r f the S e ls w s th e n C hréti n F r nc is M arquis de L m ignon
The e e o a a e a o ,
a o ,

c o usi n o f the illustri o us M l e sh rb s C u ns ll r to t he p rl m nt o f P aris th n

a e e . o e o a e e , e

first pre side nt f th t c ourt h w e xil e d in 1 7 7 2 he w as pp o i nt d K e p r f the

o a e as a e e e o

S e als in 1 7 87 in the pl c e o f D M iro m e snil he dre w up nd pre s e nt d t the

,

, a e a e o

p rl m nt the e dicts r l tive t th st m p duty nd t o t e rit o ri l t x H e r e signe d

a e e e a o e a a a r a a

H is so n was p e e r o f F rance u nd e r th
.

in 1 7 88 nd di d in t h e fo ll o wi ng y e r
, a e a . e

R e st o r ti o n
a W ith him the fam ily o f Lam o igno n b e c am e e xtinct
. .
1 40 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

d e m and m ad e by the p a rle m ent fo r an imm e di at e c o nvo c ati o n o f

t he S t at e s G e ne ra l -
With o ut a p o sitiv e r e fus a l he s e e m e d t o
.
,

o pp o s e t o this d e m a nd s o m e m a xims o n t he abs o lut e p o w e r o r

t he ki ng which r e j e ct e d t he d e m and a nd
,
m ad e it d e p e nd
e ntir e ly up o n t he ki ng s will H is c o nstituti o nal syst e m w as
’
.

d raw n fro m the m o st abs o lut e d o ctri ne s e ve r pro fe ss e d by Fre nch

mi nist e rs at a ny p e ri o d in o u r hist o ry .

Fro m th e s e pri ncipl e s which he gave as a p e re mpt o ry re sp o ns e

t o t he d e m ands and t he d e cisi o ns o f t he p a rlem e nts t he K e e p e r ,

o f t he S e a ls p a ss e d t o t h e e x a mi nati o n o f t he pro p o s e d l aws .

H e d e sc ant e d o n t he v a lu e o f t he a m e li o r a ti o ns a lr e a dy o r
d e r e d by t he ki ng his m e asure s o f e c o no my t he re tre nchm e nts
, , ,

which he d e sire d t o m ak e in his p e rs o na l pl e asure s rath e r

th an o n t he e st ablishm e nts d e vo t e d t o t he d e fe nc e o r t o t he
S pl e nd o ur o f t he S t a t e H e pre s e nt e d as a w o rk o f ge nius t he
.

skilful c o nc e pti o n o f a l o an o f fo ur hu ndre d milli o ns which

wo uld suffic e at t he s a m e tim e t o e xti nguish o th e r m o re o ne ro us
d e bts t o m ak e us e ful impro ve m e nts t o fi ll the d e fi cit in the
, ,

re v e nu e t o m e e t t he fo re s e e n and u nfo re s e e n e xp e nditure duri ng

,

fi v e y e ars and e v e n t he c o st o f a w a r — fo r which it w a s s a id e v e ry

, ,

m e asure had b e e n t ak e n —if such a misfo rtu ne sh o uld bre ak o ut

, ,

in spit e o f t he j usti fi e d h o p e s t he ki ng e nt e rt a i ne d o f its b e i ng

d e fe rre d fo r a l o ng tim e by t he wisd o m a nd fi rm ne ss Of his
n e g o ti ati o ns ( I t w as.thus th a t t he mi n ist e r d a r e d t o d e scrib e

t he c o nduct o f t he c o urt o f Fr anc e t o w a rds H o ll and duri ng t he

c o urs e o f t he ye a r
This d e scripti o n o f t he b e ne fits o f t he pre s e nt a dmi nistr ati o n
le d fi na lly t o t he ne w e dict o n t he no n Cath o lics T he K e e p e r -
.
1

o f t he S e a ls c a ll e d a tt e nti o n t o t he gr e a t a dv a nt a g e s th a t this

i ncre as e o f p o pul ati o n w o uld give t o i ndustry ; t he b e ne fit

a ccrui ng t o s o ci e ty fro m ne w citiz e ns ; t he l aws at l ast re
c o nc ile d with nature a nd m anne rs But all c o uld se e t he .

o bj e ct o f this phil anthr o py a d o pt e d f o r t he circumst anc e a nd ,

no o ne w o uld h av e th o ught o f irrit ati ng t he mi nist e r by a dj o ur n

1
The dict o f 1 787 o n the P ro t e st ants r e turne d to th e m a civil st atus which th e y
e

had l o st aft e r the r e v o c ati o n o f the e dict o f N ant e s I t is k no w n th t t he re gist e rs

. a

r l tive to b irths m rri ge s nd de th s w e r e h e ld s o l e ly by the curés s th t the

e a a a ,
a a o a

A s to the P r t e st nts th e ir m rri ag e s w e re no t

, ,

C th o lics l o ne pro fit d by th e m
a a e . o a , a

r e co gniz e d and th e ir childr e n w e re c o nsid e re d s ill e giti m at e by law

,
a .
 1 42 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

p o rt anc e o f such a l o an w o uld i nduc e him to a sk t o h ave a

c o mmissi o n nam e d t o e x ami ne the e dict a nd m ak e a re p o rt o n
it if the pre s e nc e o f his M aj e sty did no t appris e him th at he ha d
,

c o m e i nt o t he b o s o m o f his p a rle m e nt t o s e e k th e r e a d e fi nitiv e

O pi ni o n .

A ft e r t he sp e e ch o f t he rapp orte u r t he discussi o n w as o p e ne d ,

e a ch m e mb e r in his tur n w a s i nvit e d by t he fi rst pr e sid e nt t o giv e

his o pi ni o n The D u e d Orléans in a v e ry fe w wo rds a dvo c at e d

.
’

t he r e j e cti o n o f t he e dict Thi s w as t he fi rst a cti o n in which he .

O p e nly d e cl a r e d hims e lf a g a i nst t he c o urt .

Th o s e o rat o rs wh o s e t a l e nt a nd ch a ract e r c aus e d th e m t o b e

list e ne d to o rdi narily with m o r e i nt e r e st re d o ubl e d th e ir e ffo rts ,

o n this day t o m a k e th e ms e lv e s no tic e d by t he ki ng a nd t o

pro duc e an impre ssi o n up o n him The pre s e nc e o f t he s o ve re ig n .

i ndic at e d no thi ng lik e ly t o i ntimid a t e c o urag e a nd disc a rd the

truth he w as s a id t o h av e c o m e t o the Co urt o f P e e rs in
o rd e r t o o bt a i n t he o pi ni o n o f his na tur a l c o u ns e ll o rs Wh at .

a gl o ri o us succ e ss f o r t he m agistr a t e s if by p o w e r o f w o rd th e y , , ,

sh o uld succ e e d in withdrawi ng t he ki ng fro m t he s e ducti o ns o f

m e di o crity striki ng his mi nd with t he light o f re a s o n in t o uchi ng
, ,

his h e art by the picture o f t he e vils fro m which Franc e w as

suffe ri ng and which she did no t a ttribute t o him
, .

M d E sp re sm énil s o bj e ct w as ab o ve all t o a chi e ve this

.
’ ’ 1
, ,

l att e r p o i nt H e w as re put e d t he fi rst o ra t o r a m o ng the m e m

.

b e rs o f t he pa rle m ent o pp o s e d to t he c o urt and he did no t ,

d e c e ive the h o p e s o f his p a rty O n this imp o rt ant o cc asi o n .

,

his sp e e ch w as a sp e ci a l app e al to the p e rs o na l fe e li ngs o f t he

ki ng H e b e gge d him to put a sid e t he a dvic e o f his mi nist e r
.
,

t he s e ttl e d o pi ni o ns o f his c o u ncil t o w e igh with o ut pre j udic e t he ,

truths he was ab o ut t o h e ar a nd to all o w hims e lf t o b e i nflu e nc e d ,

J 1
J cqu s d V l d E p m é il b r t P dich e y J u ry 3 746
e an a e u a
’
s re s n o n a on r , an a 0, 1 u as

fJ cqu
, ,

m énil G v r r f M dr H i m th r w th d ught r
’
th e so n o dE p a es s re s , o e no o a as s o e as e a e

H vi g c m t F r c t fi y rs f g y u g
.

o f t h illustri us D upl ix
e o e . a n o e o an e a ve ea o a e, o n
’
r c iv d c u s ll r
d E spre sm énil w as e e e as o n e o o fp a rle m ent in 1 77 5 put hi m s e lf at th
he e

h d
ea pp siti
o fthe o o onit He pr v k d
was who r sist c
o o e the ehis c ll e agu e s to
an e o f o

A rr t d this he w s d
.

t he edicts Bri
of uppr ssi g
e nne s e n all the p a rlem en ts es e fo r .
, a e

s ti
t aine d o m e isl d
m e in the an puty
o f S ainte M argue rite De no b ility t o the
o f t he ~

St t s G r l b c
.

a e e ne a , h e
-
d f d rs
e am e o ne o f the fi rm e st e en e rchy nd wh e n h
o ft he m o na ,
a e

fu d
o n rts p w rl s
his e ffo o l ft
e e s, h e ess bly v r
t he a e m t r it
ne e t o t e e n e He w -
as

ne arly urd r d A ugu t

m e e , s pris d
10 Im A bb y
o ne at t he sc p d by a m ir cl e
a e , he e a e a

S pt b r A rr st d w
.

fr ss cr s
o m the m a a e of e em e e e ane ths aft e r he was
a f e w m on .
,

guill ti d
o ne in 1 794 wif h r d
H is e s a e .ft
the sam e a e .
 TH E D U C D OR L E A ms
’
’
. 1 43

by t he c o nvicti o ns th e y wo uld c arry with th e m H e e ntre ate d .

him to b e li e ve hims e lf in t he b o s o m o f his fa mily surro u nd e d ,

by his childre n and no t t o re strai n t he e m o ti o ns th at this swe e t

,

situ ati o n o ught t o aw ake n in his p at e r nal h e art .

E ach o rat o r s e iz e d the p o i nts th at w e re m o st suit e d to his

usu al vi e ws a nd t o t he nature o f his t al e nt The a ust e re
,
.

R o b e rt de S ai nt V i nc e nt re c apitul ati ng all th at had b e e n

-
1
,

s aid by the K e e p e r o f t he S e a ls and the rapporteu r o f the

c o urt o n t he a ctu a l sum o f t he ch arge s o f t he S t at e a nd the
,

i nsu ffici e ncy o f t he re ve nu e s o n the e ve ntu a l a m e li o rati o ns ,

a nd a r e c o g niz e d d e fi cit o n t h e futur e e c o no mi e s a nd a pr e s e nt

,

p o ve rty fo u nd th at t he l o an had no o th e r gu ara nt e e th an an

,

e no rm o us d e fi cit ; th a t t he c o uld no t with o ut fraud m o rtgage , ,

fo r a ne w d e bt t he o ld t a x e s a lr e ady giv e n as a gu a rant e e fo r

t he pr e c e di ng l o ans a nd th at t he p a rle m e n t w o uld sh a r e in t he

r e sp o nsibility o f this crim e if it s o ught t he c o nfid e nc e o f t he

l e nd e rs by c o v e ri ng by t he cre dit o f its re gist e ri ng the b o tt o m
, , ,

l e ss abyss i nt o which th e y w o uld pre cipit at e th e ir c apit a l .

M F réte au wh o s e to o re ady e l o cuti o n w as no urish e d by a

.
,

b adly arrange d k no wl e dge ast o nish e d t he ki ng and the a ss e mbly ,

by the c o mp a ris o ns with which his m e m o ry furnish e d him H e .

a tt a ck e d dir e ctly t he irr e gul a rity o f t he d o ubl e p o siti o n o f t he

K e e p e r o f the S e als w ho whil e still in p o ss e ssi o n o f t he o ffic e

, ,

o f fi rst pr e sid e nt o f t he p a rle m e nt o f P a ris c a m e i nt o t he midst ,

o f this c o urt t o fill th e r e t he fu ncti o ns o f mi nist e r dr a wi ng up ,

proj e cts o f law in the c o u ncil a nd pre t e ndi ng to d e lib e rat e o n ,

th e s e s am e proj e cts in t he pa rlem e nt a ccumul ati ng thus s ancti o n ,

with i niti ative t he p arti a lity o f a m ak e r o f pro j e cts with t he

,

imp arti ality o f a m agistrat e H e c o nclud e d with pro p o si ng .

no thi ng l e ss th a n e xcludi ng M de L a m o ig no n fro m t he sitti ng .

whe n th e y sh o uld c o m e to c o u nt t he v o t e s A bb e L e c o igne u x .

e st ablish e d t he s am e m o tiv e o f e xclusi o n a g a i nst M L a mb e rt

2
.
,

1
b e rt de S aint Vi nc e nt ( 1 72 5 —
Ro 1 7 99) was the
-
issu e o f n o ld fam ily o f a

m gistr at e s
a C o u nse ll o r t o p rlem n t in 1 74 8 he alw ays disp l y d h o stility t o the
. a e , a e

c urt no t ably in the aff ir o f the ne ckl ace H e e m igrat e d t the R e vo luti o n and
o , a . a ,

di e d in 1 799 .

2
C h rl s Guill au m e L m b e rt b o rn in P aris in 1 7 2 7
a e a C o uns e ll o r o fpa lement r

C o uncill r o f S t t e m m b e r o f the C o u nci l o n F i nanc e s m e m b e r fth

, .
,
o a e ss e m bly f o e a o

D e priv e d o f his h no urs in A ugust 1 7 88 h w as r i nst t d in A ugust

, ,

the no t abl e s . o e e- a e

O n O ct o b e r 1 9 1 790 the A ss e m bly de cre e d th at he had l o st the c o nfi d e nc e

, , ,

1 7 89 .
, ,
 1 44 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c o mptro ll e r ge ne ra l who had no ne t he l e ss t ak e n his s e at as

-
,

h o no ra ry c o u ns e ll o r .

A bb é S ab ati e r wh o m I h av e a lre a dy nam e d as o ne o f t he

,

c o u ns e ll o rs o f t he D ue d O rléa ns fl att e r e d t he ki ng by e ne o ’

m iu m s which r e nd e re d o nly m o re cutti ng t he bitt e r s a tir e which

he pro no u nc e d ag a i nst t he mi n ist e rs H e i nsist e d o n his fav o urit e .

proj e ct t he c o nvo c ati o n o f the S t at e s G e ne ra l H e dwe lt u p o n

,
-
.

t he i nc a p a city o f t he pa rle m e nts t o w in a nd r e t a i n t he public fa ith

fo r t he future a nd i nsist e d th a t t he a ss e mbli e s o f t he na ti o n sh o uld
,

m e e t a nd re s e iz e t he c o nduct o f the ir a ffa irs and put an e nd to

-
,
‘

t he d e pre d ati o ns fo r which th e y a l o ne p o ss e ss e d t he r e m e dy .

A fe w sp e a k e rs sp o k e in fav o ur o f t he e dict The c o urt w as .

no t with o ut p a rtis a ns in this num e r o us a ss e mbly Fo re m o st .

a m o ng th o s e w ho d e cl a r e d f o r it w as t he D u e de N iv e rnais
l
, ,

w ho at t he tim e o f t he a ffa irs o f 1 7 7 1 had m a d e hims e lf no tic e d

,

by his O pp o siti o n to t he pl ans o f C h anc e ll o r M au p e o u M e n .

ra re ly k e e p th e ir e ne rgy t o t he e nd o f th e ir c a re e r Co urti e rs .

a ge e a rly and ne a rly all t he m e n w ho age e a rly b e c o m e

,

c o urti e rs .

S e v e n h o urs w e r e d e v o t e d t o this discussi o n t o which the ,

ki ng list e ne d with sust a i ne d att e nti o n a nd o ft e n with m anife st ,

i nt e re st H e had ab o ve all t o gu a rd hims e lf agai nst t he im

.
, ,

pre ssi o n a pp a re ntly pro duc e d up o n him by t he disc o urs e s o f

M M d E sp re s m énil S ab ati e r a nd Fr et e au
.
’
But in this re sp e ct
, .
,

he had b e e n w e ll tr a i ne d .

A ft e r h avi ng h e a rd all t he sp e ak e rs the m o m e nt w as c o m e t o ,

c o ll e ct t he v o t e s a nd t o co u nt th e m wh e n t he K e e p e r o f t he
, ,

S e a ls w as s e e n t o ris e a ppr o a ch t he ki ng t a k e his o rd e rs a nd , , ,

re tur n t o his pl a c e Th e n t he ki ng pro no u nc e d th e s e wo rds .

“
I o rd a i n th a t t he e dict pr o vidi ng fo r b e tr a nscrib e d o n

o f the tina o n H e r e tire d o n D e c e m b e r 4 fo ll o wi ng

. A rre ste d in Fe bruary 1 793 he .
, ,

w s guill o ti n d a fe w d ys ft e r
a e a a .

1
L o uis J ul e s M nci ni M az ari n D ue de N ve rna s w as the grands o n o f the D u e
a , 1 1 ,

de N e v e rs w ho w as the ne ph e w o f C rdi nal M az ari n

, B rn n 1 7 1 6 he m rri e d a . o i , a

M ad e m o is ll e de P o nch artrai n sist e r o f M de M ure p s

e H e had by he r a d aught e r
, . a a .
,

w ho m rri e d t he C o m t e de Gis o rs so n o f the M ars hal de Be ll e I sl e kill d a t C re e lt

a ,
-
,
e v
in 1 7 5 8 N iv e r n is fo ll o w e d at first the c ar e e r o f the arm y and fo ught in the
. a ,

c am p igns o f I taly ( 1 7
a of B ohe m i o f B av ri H e w as aft e rw rdsa a a a

am b ass d o ra t R ome th e n at B e rli n

a , and at L o nd o n U nd r the e

R e vo luti o n he d e cli ne d to e m igra t e

, I m pri so ne d duri ng the Te rr o r he was d e live r e d
.
,

o n the 9 th Th e r m id o r and di e d in 1 79 8 , .
1 46 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

ki ng had h e ld a r o y a l s e ssi o n Th e r e fo re t o d e prive the m o f .

,

this subt e rfuge was to de a l th e m t he fi nishi ng stro k e this w as

e x a ctly t he m ast e r stro k e th at the c o u ns e ll o rs o f the D u e
-

d O rléa ns had m anag e d fo r him H a rdly had t he ki ng fi n ish e d

’
.

sp e aki ng th an the D ue d O rléans a ro s e and s aid I f t he ki ng

’
:
“

h o lds a s e ssi o n o fp a rle m e nt the vo t e s o ught t o b e c o ll e ct e d

,

and c o u nt e d if it is a lit de j ustice he imp o s e s sil e nc e up o n

us . H e st o pp e d th e n a nd the ki ng no t re plyi ng he c o nti nu e d
, ,

thus S ir e a ll o w m e t o lay at y o ur fe e t my pro t e st agai nst the

, ,

ill e g ality o f yo ur o rd e rs I t is ne c e ss ary t o r e v e rt t o t he id e a s

.
”

th e n ruli ng in Franc e to t he pri ncipl e s o f a uth o rity th en in fo rc e

, ,

t o gr a sp t he e ffe ct which must h av e b e e n pro duc e d by t he fi rst

i nst anc e o f a pri nc e o f t he bl o o d m aki ng a pro t e st in t he midst
o fp a rle m e nt a nd a tt a cki ng as null a nd v o id in t he pr e s e nc e o f
, ,

t he ki ng hims e lf t he o rd e rs he had j ust giv e n

, .

The wh o l e hist o ry o f t he m o narchy o ffe rs no thi ng lik e it .

Pri nc e s o f the bl o o d had b e e n s e e n to r e sist with a rms in h and

t he p o w e r o f t he ki ng ; th e y had ne v e r b e e n s e e n t o try t o
imp o s e c o nstituti o nal limits t o his auth o rity .

The ki ng surpris e d a nd e mb a rr ass e d s a id with pr e cipit ati o n

, ,

Th at is l e gal A nd he g ave o rd e rs fo r t he re adi ng o f t he

.
”

s e c o nd e dict t o he pro c e e d e d with o n t he i nst ant A s s o o n as .

it was fi nish e d he a ro s e a nd w e nt o u t with his two bro th e rs

, ,

a ft e r a sitti ng o f e ight h o urs a nd a h a lf which ha d gr e atly dis ,

t u rb e d him and fur nish e d him with m any c aus e s fo r u ne a si ne ss

, .

The pri nc e s and p e e rs a nd with th e m t he D u e d O rléa ns

’

, ,

a r o s e a nd a cc o mp a ni e d him a cc o rdi ng t o cust o m th e n r e tur ne d ,

imm e di at e ly to t ak e up ag ai n t he d e lib e r ati o n which re c o m

m e nc e d with m o re h e at The p artis a ns o f t he c o urt wish e d t o
.

bre ak up the sitti ng and to a dj o urn fo r a w e e k to give tim e fo r

,

mi nds t o c alm d o w n Th e y r e pr e s e nt e d th at M essie u rs ( this

.

w as t he p a rli am e nt a ry e xpr e ssi o n) w e r e e xh aust e d with fatigu e

a nd th at th e y had ne e d o f r e p o s e .

M Le p e lle tie r de S ai nt Fa rge au who in spit e o f his e x

.
-
,
1
,

1
Lo ui s M ich e l L e pe lle tie r
, C
o m e de a n Fa t Si t
rg e au b e l o nge d to an anci e nt fam ily -
,

o fm a gistr t e s B o rn in 1 7 60
a succ ssiv ly dvo c t e ge ne ral t he n pre id nt a
, he w s
a e e a a -
s e

no bility to t he S t at e s G e ne r l h
.
,

ris
m ort ier in t he p arlem ent o f P aputy De o f the -
a e

rchy A l o ne with the C o m t e de M ire p ix

.
,

w as at fir t pr i t d f d r
s a o m ne n e e n e o fthe m o na o ,

spit o f the o rd e r o f the ki ng ( J u ne 2 7

.

he e r fus d u it with
e to n e hird st t
the T E a e , in e ,
 TH E 1) UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 47

tre m e y o uth w as alre ady p r s ident d m ortie r pro p o s e d a ls o an

,
e
’

a dj o ur nm e n t but o n ly u ntil t he m o rr o w
,
This advic e w as ap .

ro r ia t e t o t h e fe e bl e ne ss o f his mi n d a nd t he pusill an imity o f

p p
his ch aract e r which c a us e d him c o nst antly t o try to pro piti at e
,

a ll p a rti e s u ntil r e public anism b e c o mi ng d o mi nant in France

, , ,

fix e d his r e s o luti o n H e littl e e xp e ct e d th e n t o m e rit o ne day as a

.

r e public an the h o no urs o f a m a rtyr and t he l aure ls o f ap o th e o sis .

O n this day he w as str o ngly o pp o s e d by A bb e S ab a ti e r

, ,

w ho cl assi ng t o g e th e r t he t wo dil a t o ry o pi ni o ns t o d e stro y th e m

,

a t t he s a m e tim e m a i nt a i ne d Th at M ssieu rs o ught t o h ave “

,
e

hu nge r and thirst o nly fo r j ustic e and th a t th e y o ught t o c o n ,

s e crat e t o it t he re m a i nd e r o f t he pre s e nt day no t b e i ng assure d ,

th at t he m o rr o w w o uld b e at th e ir disp o s al I n pr o no u nci ng .

”

th e s e w o rds he tri e d t o give t o his a cc e nts a s o m e wh a t pro ph e tic

ch ara ct e r A bb é S ab ati e r th e n i nvit e d t he D ue d Orléans to
.
’

draw up his pro t e st in writi ng and fo r fe a r the m e m o ry o f ,

t he pri nc e might no t b e a ccur at e he fo u n d in his o w n a nd sug ,

ge s t e d t o him t he e xpr e ssi o ns tha t he belie ved he ha d hea rd him ,

With this aid the D u c d O rléans did wh at w as ask e d o f

'
’
u tte r .

him a nd h ad it writt e n o n t he re gist e rs o f t he p a rle m e nt that

, ,

imm e di at e ly a ft e r t he o rd e r o f the ki ng t o re gist e r t he e dicts

he had ris e n a nd m ad e t he fo ll o wi ng pr o t e st
“
S ire I b e g y o ur M aj e sty t o p e rmit m e t o lay at y o ur
,

fe e t and in the midst o f the c o urt t he d e cl a r ati o n th at I re ga rd

, ,

this re gist e ri ng as ill e ga l a nd th at it w o uld be ne c e ss ary fo r the

‘

s e curity o f t he p e rs o ns w ho a re a cc o u nt e d as p a rticip ati ng in

it t o a dd th at th e y did so by t he e xpre ss c o m m a nd o f t he ki ng
, .
”

A ft e r a littl e d e b at e t he r e s o luti o n pr o p o s e d by A bb e
’

S a b ati e r pr e v a il e d in th e s e t e rms ,

The c o urt c o nsid e ri ng t he ill e g ality o f wh at has just p ass e d

,

a t t he r o y a l sitti ng in which t h e v o t e s w e r e n o t c o u nt e d in t he
,

m a nne r pre scrib e d by t he o rdi nanc e s so th at in short t he , , ,

d e lib e rati o n w as no t c o mpl e t e d — d e cl a re s th at it wish e s t o be

u nd e rst o o d as t aki ng no p a rt in t he tra nscripti o n o rd e r e d to be
A ft r J uly 4 h sudd ly ch g d his c l urs d r ll d hi m s lf i th
e 1 , e en an e o o , an en o e e n e
mo st dvanc e d r v luti o n ry p rty D e puty fY nn t th C o nv e nti n he displ ye d
a e o a a . o o e o e o , a
mo st vi l nc e in th e tri l o f th ki ng ; he de m nde d his b e i ng put n tri l vo t e d
o e a e a o a
his d th nd r fus d th pp l t th p e o pl e O n J nu ry 20 f ll wi ng he w s
,

ea , a e e e a ea o e . a a o o a
, ,

ass ssi n t e d t th P l is R y l by f r m e r b o dy gu ard n m e d P aris H e was give n

a a a e a a -
o a a o -
a .

a s o l e m n fune r l s e rvic e t the P nth e o n

a a a
’

.
1 48 TH E M E M OI R S OF P RI N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

m ad e o n the r e gist e rs o f t he e dict r e ga rdi ng t he e st ablishm e nt o f

,

l o a ns gradu al and succ e ssive fo r t he y e a rs 1 7 88 1 7 89 1 7 9 0

, , , , ,

1 7 9 1 a nd 1 7 9 2 a nd puts o f
, ,
f t he d e lib e r ati o n o f o th e r m att e rs t o
t he ne xt sitti ng
”
.

Th e y cl o s e d t he sitti ng at e ight o cl o ck in the e ve ni ng The

’
.

Duc d O rléans had c arri e d o ff all t he h o no ur o f this day and it

’
,

must b e a ck no wl e dge d th at all had b e e n pl anne d and c o nduct e d

with gre at skill by him and by his fri e nds .

The mi nist e r w ho had o nly b e e n abl e t o r e s o rt t o trivi a l

,

m e ans t o sust ai n t he a lr e ady t o tt e ri ng ro y al auth o rity fo u nd his ,

e nds d e fe at e d by t he pr o t e st o f t he D u e d O rléa ns a nd by t he
’

re s o luti o n o f the pa rle m ent which e xp o s e d to t he br o ad d aylight

,

t he ru se e mpl o y e d by t he g o v e r nm e nt a nd pr o v e d its w e ak ne ss
, .

Whil e all w as thus succ e e di ng with the D u e d O rléans in t he ’

i nt e ri o r o f t he P ala is de j ustice age nts st ati o ne d o utsid e w e re

,

publishi ng the pro c e e di ngs o f the sitti ng a nd pr o cl aimi ng the ,

na m e o f t he pri nc e o f t he bl o o d w ho ha d sh o w n hims e lf so g o o d a

citiz e n The p e o pl e b e si e g e d the P ala is in cro wds and c o uld

.
,

b e h e a rd sp e aki ng o f t he pluck a nd succ e ss o f t he D u e

d O rléans
’
Wh e n he app e are d to e nt e r his c a rri ag e the w ave s
.
,

o f this fi ckl e p e o pl e c a rri e d him th e r e o v e rwh e lmi ng him with ,

t he m o st fl att e ri ng a ppl aus e The lib e r at o r o fhis c o u ntry c o uld

.

no t h av e had a m o r e spl e ndid triumph H e wh o m th e y had .

gre e t e d a fe w d ays b e fo re with s a rc asms w as t o day c o ve r e d ,

-

with bl e ssi ngs S uch are the j udgm e nts o f th at thro ng th at o ne

.

pre t e nds to h o no ur by t he nam e o ft he p e o pl e .

U nfo rtu nat e ly t he D ue d O rléa ns s o ught no pur e r i nc e ns e ;

’
,

this o ne was j ust t o his mi nd ; as he had no t b e e n c ap abl e o f

m aki ng tru e s acri fi c e s t o public o pi ni o n so he w as no t abl e e ith e r
, ,

t o d e t e ct t he v alu e th a t o ught t o b e a tt a ch e d t o this o pi ni o n ,

wh e n it is e x alt e d by th o s e w ho pro cl aim it .

The cri e s o fj o y o fan ig no r a nt p o pul a c e fl att e r e d his p assi o n

ag a i nst t he c o urt a nd fo rtifi e d him in his sc o r n f
, o r public o pi ni o n

by sh o wi ng him ho w e asily it c o uld b e c o nqu e re d .

The A rchbish o p o f T o ul o us e and t he K e e p e r o f t he S e a ls ,

i ndig nant at s e e i ng th at th e ir strat age ms had b e c o m e s nare s

a g a i nst th e ms e lv e s u nit e d a ll th e ir e ff
, o rts t o e xcit e t he a nge r

o f t he ki ng a nd t o r e pr e s e nt t o him t he no n e x e cuti o n o f th e ir -
1 50 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

t e mp e r o f the disgrac e d o ne s H e r e the p o siti o n w as so much .

,

t he m o re d e lic at e th at B a r o n de Br e t e uil o w e d his fo rtu ne

t o t he pr o t e cti o n o f t he h o us e o f O rlea ns H is u ncl e A bbé de .
,

Bre t e uil had b e e n ch a nc e ll o r o f t he l at e Duc d O rléans w ho

,
1 ’

h ad l o ad e d him with rich e s a nd ki nd ne ss a nd had o p e ne d t o t he ,

ne ph e w t he r o a d t o fa v o ur a nd high O f fi C GS The ki ng s l e tt e r
’
c ,

which t he l att e r h a nd e d t o t he D u e d O rléans c o nt ai ne d t he ’

o rd e r t o th t v ry ight his h t a u at R a i n cy o rd e r
2
go a e n t o C a e in ,

t o a rriv e o n t he fo ll o wi ng day a t th a t o f V ill e rs C o tt e r e ts which -

,
3

w as a b o ut e ight e e n l e agu e s dist ant The pri nc e r e c e ive d this .

i nj u ncti o n with ill hum o ur a nd t o o k c are t o m ak e t he b e a re r o f

-
,

t he o rd e r fe e l it A ft e r h avi ng giv e n an h o ur t o a fe w priv a t e

.

a rr a ng e m e nts he c all e d f o r his h o rs e s a nd e nt e r e d his c a rri ag e

, ,
.

The b a r o n w ho a cc o rdi ng t o his i nstructi o ns w as t o a cc o mp a ny

, ,

him pre p a re d t o t ak e a s e a t by his sid e wh e n the pri nc e st o pp e d

, ,

him s ayi ng : Wh a t are yo u d o i ng ? The b a ro n sh o we d his

“ ”

o rd e rs O h w e ll r e pli e d t he pri nc e e t up b e hi nd
” ”
.
, g
,
a nd h e , ,

st art e d The b a ro n with o ut t aki ng a ny no tic e o f this p assi ng

.
,

clou d th a t is t he e xpr e ssi o n he us e d wh e n r e l ati ng this littl e

(
i ncid e nt) e nt e re d his o w n c a rri age a nd fo ll o we d as b e st he c o uld .

The ne ws o f t he e xil e o f t he D u e d O rléans spr e a d quickly

’

in P a ris The g a rd e n o f t he P a l a is R o y a l all t he a dj a c e nt

.
-
,

stre e ts and pl ac e s we re fi ll e d with p e o pl e a nd re s o u nd e d with ,

cri e s o f L ong live the D u e d Orlea ns

“
O n t he 2 1 5 t in t he
’ ’

m o r ni ng the ch amb e rs o fthe pa rlem ent re ass e mbl e d and d e cid e d

, ,

t o s e nd t he fi rst pre sid e nt t o t he ki ng t o ask him t o re call to his

p rese nce the a ug ust p rince w ho m he ha d re m ov ed, a nd to re tu rn to

the cou rt two m em be rs w hose z ea l a lone ha d dicta ted the ir
op in ions . At no o n t he p a rle m e nt was summ o ne d to Ve rs aill e s ,

1
The A bb é Th e d r
de o
e e ,
Br t uil b r
o n in 1 7 1 0 ,
o e o o f a n Ma pri r S i t rti
n des C am s,h p -

ris ch c ll r
at P a ,
an e o
’
o f the D u e d O rle ans He e
'
in 1 7 8 1 di d. .

2
i cy
L e R a n , ne ar B dy on , a o n ne m e b ut i
om Pa il s fr
had e e n atris b fir t
s an a ebb y
J cqu s B rdi r r pl c d it by
.
,

s v t th c tury
I n the e e n e e n en , a e o e e a e a ma n g ific t ch t u
en ae a ,
which b l g d ft rw rds
e on e a e a t o t he P n e P a a ne ri c ss l ti b c
I t e am e , in 1 7 5 0 , the .

pr p rty
o e o f the D ue d rl ’
o ean I t was sa e s. ck d duri g
n the R e o v luti
o n, and e n e tir ly
d str y d
e o e in 1 84 8
Ai
.

3
ill rs tt r t chi f pl c
V e C o e e s, -
e t thirt th c tury
a e o f th e C an o n o f sne I n the e en en , .

h rl s l i p ss d th r ch t u which
C a e de V a o s o e sse e e a d str y d duri g
ae a w as e o e n the war o f
th e H u dr d
n e r
Ye a s r cis
F an th r built
I h ad ano e
. sid . which
b y the e o f the o ld o ne ,
b c f v urit r sid c s
e am e o n e o f t he a o e e c urt
en e cquir d
o f th e o vI t was a e in the se e n.

c tury by
te e n l f ily
the am hi ch t u u d
o f O rleans T s i d
a e a is se to day as a k n o f
tu
en .
-

wo rl fi o se .
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 51

a nd t he ki ng g av e o rd e rs fo r the r e s o luti o n t ak e n o n the pre

c e di ng l gth t o b e e ras e d fro m t he r e gist e rs The sp e e ch which .

he d e liv e r e d o n this o cc asi o n is w o rth b e i ng pr e s e rv e d .

I h av e o rd e r e d yo u s aid he t o bri ng t o m e t he mi nut e s

” “
, ,

o f t he r e s o luti o n t ak e n by yo u o n M o nd ay l a st a ft e r my l e avi ng ,

t he p a rle m e nt I c anno t a ll o w it t o r e m ai n o n y o ur r e gist e rs

.
,

a nd I fo rbid yo u t o r e pl a c e it in a ny o th e r m a nne r .

H o w c an my p a rle m e nt say it has t a k e n no p art in r e gis

t e ri ng the e dicts which I o nly pro no u nc e d a ft e r h avi ng list e ne d
,

duri ng s e ve n h o urs t o t he a dvic e a nd o pi ni o ns o f th o s e o f t he

m e mb e rs w ho wish e d t o give th e m and wh e n it w as c e rt ai n fo r all
,

as f o r mys e lf th a t t he m aj o rity o f t he v o t e s w e r e in fav o ur o f t he

,

re gist e ri ng o f my e dict and r e qu e st e d m e t o h a st e n the m e e ti ng

,

o f t he S t at e s G e ne r a l o f my ki ngd o m
-
I h a ve a lr e ady s a id th at
.

I w o u ld c o nv o k e th e m b e fo r e 1 7 9 2 th a t is t o say a t t he l at e st
, ,

b e fo re the e nd o f 1 7 9 1 My w o rd is s acr e d
. .

I a ppr o ach e d yo u with c o nfid e nc e in this anci e nt m e th o d so , ,

o ft e n e mpl o y e d by t he p a rle m e nt o f t he ki ngs my pr e d e c e ss o rs ,

a nd it is a t t he m o m e nt wh e n I h av e so d e ig ne d t o h o ld c o u ncil

in y o ur midst o n an o bj e ct o f my a dmi nistr ati o n th at yo u try

, ,

t o tr a nsfo rm y o urs e lv e s i n t o an o rdi na ry tribu na l and t o d e cl a r e ,

ill e ga l the r e sult o f this c o u ncil by i nvo ki ng o rdi nanc e s and

rul e s which c o nc e rn o nly tribu na ls in t he e x e rcis e o f th e ir
fu ncti o ns .

“
The cl aims o f my p a rle m e nt o ught to c o m e t o m e o nly in
t he fo rm o f r e sp e ctful r e pre s e nt ati o n s o r r e m o nstra nc e s I dis .

a ppr o v e a lw ays o f r e s o luti o ns which d e cl are th e ir o pp o siti o n

,

t o my will with o ut e xpr e ssi ng any m o tive s fo r it

”
, .

A ft e r this sp e e ch r e m ark abl e fo r t he pri ncipl e s it s e ts fo rth

, ,

a nd by t he fo rm a l pro mis e o f t he S t at e s G e ne r a l it c o nt a i ns -
,

t he fi rst pr e sid e nt o bt a i ne d t he p e rmissi o n t o h av e t he re p re

1

se nt a t io ns h e a rd which had b e e n r e s o lve d up o n th at s a m e

m o rni ng r e l ativ e t o the e xil e o f t he D ue d O rléa ns and to the
,
’

d e t e nti o n o f t he t wo c o u ns e ll o rs .

The ki ng r e pli e d in th e s e fe w w o rds Wh e n I r e m o ve fro m “

my p e rs o n a pri nc e o f my bl o o d my p a rlem ent o ught t o b e li e ve

,

th at I h ave stro ng re as o ns fo r so d o i ng I h ave pu nish e d .

1
The first pre sident ,
’
d A ligre .
 1 52 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

t wo m alc o nte nts with wh o m I ha d go o d re a s o n to b e dis

s atis fi e d .
”

Th e y e xp e ct e d such a c o l d re ply ; it did no t pre ve nt t he

p a rle m ent fro m m a ki ng a fre sh a tt e mpt I t s e x ampl e was .

fo ll o we d by a ll w ho had t he right t o rais e th e ir v o ice s and t o ,

caus e re pre s e nt ati o ns to r e ach e v e n t o the fo o t o f t he thro ne .

A ll t he p a rlem ents e mul a t e d with e a ch o th e r in m aki ng r e m o n

s t ra nce s a ll d e m and e d t he r e c a ll o f t he pri nc e a nd o f t he t wo

m agistrate s The pri nc e s a nd t he p e e rs we re fo rbidd e n t o a tte nd

.

t he sitti ngs o f t he p a rle m e nt which w e r e a lm o st p e rm ane nt

,

a nd dr e w t he a tt e nti o n o f t he p e o pl e Exp e ri e nc e had t aught

.

th at imp o rtu nity was a m e th o d no t with o ut e ffic acy with a

fe e bl e go ve r nm e nt .

I n t he sitti ng o f t he 2 2 nd o f N o ve mb e r t he p a rle m e nt had ,

a ls o r e s o lv e d t o s e nd t he r e gistr a r I s a b e a u t o c o ngr atul at e the

Duch e ss e d O rléans and t o e xpre ss t he c o nc e r n th e y fe lt at the

’

e xil e o f he r husb a nd This pri nce ss had a lre ady d e p a rt e d fo r

.

V ill e rs Co tt e r e ts
-
O n a rrivi ng at t he pl a c e o f his e xil e t he D u e
.
,

d O rléa ns had h ast e ne d t o b e g t he p a rlem ent o f P a ris no t t o

’

t ak e any no tic e o f him H e k ne w w e ll th a t in a ffe cti ng t o cl aim

.

this sil e nc e fo r hims e lf he wo uld o nly att ach t he p o pul a r p a rty

,

m o r e stro ngly to his c aus e and he w as sur e th at t he z e al o f the

,

pa rle m ent fo r his i nt e re sts wo uld no t b e sl a ck e ne d But it must .

no t b e p o ssibl e th a t t he e ntr e a ti e s o f th a t b o dy sh o uld b e

a ttribut e d t o his i nstig a ti o ns o th e rwis e th e y wo uld b e m o r e

, ,

l ik e ly to e mbitt e r the ki ng th an t o app e a s e him The l att e r .

c o uld no t with o ut c o mpro misi ng his auth o rity re mit so

, ,

pro mptly the pu nishm e nts he had imp o s e d .

The p e e rs submitt e d u nwilli ngly t o t he pr o hibiti o n which

had b e e n l a id up o n th e m t o e nt e r p a rle m e nt Th e y m e t .

s e cre tly at the H ete l de Luy ne s t o d raw up an a ddre ss in ,

favo ur o f t he e xil e d pri nc e S imil a r re qu e sts as I h ave s aid

.
, ,

c am e fro m all p a rts A nd ye t t he D u e d O rléans littl e m e rit e d

.
’

t he i nt e r e st he i nspir e d Littl e i mpre ss e d by t he cla t o f his rble ’

. e ,

he c o mpl a i ne d with bitt e r ne ss o f t he priv ati o ns it imp o s e d up o n

him N e ve r had light e r privati o ns b e e n supp o rte d with l e ss
.

p ati e nc e and l e ss co urage I f t he P a risi ans c o uld h ave r e a d to

.

t he d e pths o f t he h e a rt o f th e ir ne w id o l th e y w o uld h av e b e e n ,
1 54 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

s e ve rity which had b e e n e mpl o y e d t o wa rds th e m sh o uld h ave ,

b e e n m a d e k no wn p o sitiv e ly t o a ll thre e .

Th e s e rum o urs w e re cr e dit e d by th o s e who we r e o n g o o d

t e rms with t he i nm at e s o f t he P a l ais R o y a l wh e re all m e nti o n ,

o f t he v a i n e ff o rts o f t he Pri nc e de C o ndé a nd o f t he Duc de

B o urb o n in t he e xil e s favo u r w a s c a re fully avo id e d The ki ng

1 ’
.

had r e c e iv e d th o s e pri n c e s with ki nd ne ss H e had no t dis .

a ppr o v e d o f t he i nt e r e st th e y ha d sh o w n f o r t he Duc d O rléa ns

’

but pr e ss e d by th e m t o e xpl a i n hims e l f o n the durati o n o f the

,

e xil e he c o nt e nt e d hims e lf by r e plyi ng : B e li e v e m e I a m a “

, ,

go o d ki nsm an .
”

The s a m e ne wsm o ng e rs as fo rtu nat e in i nv e nti o n as in r e ti ,

c e nc e abst ai ne d a ls o fro m sp e aki ng o f t he l e tt e rs in which t he

,

D u e d O rléans had dir e ctly s o licit e d his p a rd o n I n th e s e l e tt e r s

’
.
,

he had no t blush e d t o put fo rw a rd m o tiv e s sur e ly much m o r e

humili ati ng th an any pr ay e r I t w as no t o n t he l e gitim a cy o f his .

c o nduct no r e ve n o n t he purity o f his i nt e nti o ns th a t he b as e d

his r e qu e st I n o rd e r t o m o v e t he ki ng he had s o ught t he m o st
.
,

e xtr a o rdi na ry m e a ns Thus he l a id we ight o n t he ne c e ssity o f

.
,

r e sumi ng a nd sup e ri nt e ndi ng t he wo rk c o m m e nc e d at t he P a l ais

R o y a l t he susp e nsi o n o f which c aus e d gr e a t pr ej udic e t o his
,

i nt e re sts he sp o k e a ls o o f t he ne gl e ct i nt o which th e s e had fa ll e n

thro ugh t he ill ne ss o f M de Lim o n t he i nt e nd ant o f his fi nanc e s .
, .

I n o rd e r t o try e v e rythi ng he sp o k e o f his h e a lth and o f th at o f ,

t he Duch e ss e d O rléans s ayi ng th e y c o uld no t do with o ut re

’
,

tur ni ng t o P a ris Fi nally he l aid w e ight o n t he r e ti re m e nt o f

.
,

his C h anc e ll o r D uc re st a s an e xpi at o ry s acri fi c e which o ught ,

t o b e r e c o mp e ns e d by a r e tur n o f fav o ur o r at l e ast by a ,

g e ne ro us fo rge tful ne ss o f t he wro ngs o f which this imprud e nt “

favo urit e had r e nd e re d hims e lf guilty .

”

I t w as tru e th at M D u c re st had j ust giv e n in his r e sig nati o n

.
,

a nd t he l e tt e r th a t a cc o mp a ni e d it had b e e n circul a t e d in public .

Lo1 en uis urbH ry s ph

j o e , D ue de B o -
b r A ugust
o n, was o n 1 3 , 1 7 76 H e was the .

ri c dé
so n o f the P n e de C o n t k p rt public ff irs u d r
H e o o no a in . a a n e t he e n of r ig
Lo uis X VI igr t d
H e em a eb gi i g
.at t h e e nn n v luti c
o f t he R e o o n, and o m m an e a dd
c rps
o r y
o f the a m dé
o f C on r tir d ft rw rds
He e e a e gl d
a to E n an D n the uri g
H u dr d ys tri d with ut gr t succ ss r is
. .

n e D a , he e o ea e d
to a e t he V e n ee H e w as a o n e , . pp i t d
u d r uis X
n e Lo gr d st r
VI I I , an ki g s h us h ld
m a e o f the n
’
o put
e o He an e nd to his
lif A ugust
. .

e, h tilly
2 7 , 1 8 3 0 , at C an rri d his c usi
H e h ad m a e o n, the P n e s e
. ri c s
ui ’
f th r u f rtu t
L o se d O rléans, and was the a e o fthe n o
’
na e D uc d E nghie n .
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S
’
. 1 55

A cc o rdi ng t o th at l e tt e r t he re sig nati o n w as pure ly v olu nt a ry ;

,

t he fa ithful s e rv ant had p e rc e iv e d th a t he w as i nj uri ng his

m ast e r a nd his att a chm e nt fo r him r e quire d him to s e p a rat e fro m
,

him To o much h atre d had a tt a ch e d t o him as the auth o r o f the

.

m e m o rand a h and e d t o t he ki ng by t he Duc d O rléa ns fo r him t o ’

h o p e th a t he c o uld do the l att e r a ny go o d H e fl atte re d hims e lf .

th a t t he v e nge a nc e o f his e ne mi e s b e i ng s atisfi e d th e y wo uld ,

s e e k no o th e r victim A ll this w as i nt e rmi ngl e d with phras e s o n

.

t he succ e ss o f his a dmi nistr a ti o n N e ith e r t he re signati o n o f

.

C h a nc e ll o r D u c re st no r his l e tt e r no r th at o f t he D u e d O rléans
’

, , ,

had t o uch e d t he h e a rt o f t he ki ng a nd s e v e rity pr e v a il e d still in

,

his r e s o luti o ns The Duc d Orléans did no t e v e n o bt a i n a

.
’

writt e n answe r ; but t he C o mt e de M o ntm o ri n Mi nist e r o f ,

Fo re ig n A ffairs w as i nstruct e d t o se e him t o e xh o rt him t o

, ,

p ati e nc e and t o say to him th at t he ki ng did no t writ e in o rd e r

,

t o sp a r e hims e lf t he ch agri n o f r e fusi ng him .

The p a rle fl éent wh e r e pri nc e s a nd p e e rs had at l a st o bt ai ne d

,

p e rmissi o n t o re app e a r did no t c e as e t o i nsist o n the r e c a ll o f

,

t he t w o e xil e d c o u ns e ll o rs a nd o f t he pri nc e A ll t he m o nth o f .

D e c e mb e r w as p ass e d in wa iti ng a nd s o liciti ng r e pli e s fro m t he

,

go ve r nm e nt The Pri nc e de C o ndé and t he Duc de B o urb o n

.

a ttr a ct e d no tic e by th e ir a ssiduity at t h e sitti ngs o f t he p a rle m e nt ,

a nd if th e y a pp e a r e d t o a gr e e with t he mi nist e rs o n s o m e p o i nts ,

th e y c o uld no t b e re pro a ch e d with fa ili ng o n e ve ry o cc asi o n t o

sp e ak in favo ur o f t he thre e e xil e s A ft e r s o m e we e ks rigo ur .

at l ast c e a s e d The ki ng r e s o lv e d t o trust t o m e rcy and w as

.
,

pl e a s e d t o acc o rd t o t he Duch e ss e d O rléans th at which he had ’

re fus e d t o t he e ntre ati e s o f t he pa rlem ent .

The A rchbish o p o f S e ns ( M de Bri e nne had e xch ang e d t he

.

A rchbish o pric o f T o ul o us e fo r th at o f S e ns ) thi nki ng he had ,

o bt a i ne d a truc e by this c o nc e ssi o n pr e p a r e d with t he K e e p e r ,

of t he S e a ls a ne w j udici a ry o rganiz ati o n t he e ffe ct o f ,

which was t o susp e nd t he fu ncti o ns o f all the s o ve re ig n

c o urts o f the ki ngd o m at t he tim e wh e n it sh o uld b e
c o m e law S ancti o n was t o b e give n to this ne w pro j e ct in
.

a n a ss e mbly summ o ne d u nd e r t he na m e o f pl e na ry c o urt in ,

which t he e dicts th at t he mi nist e r had pro p o s e d to the p a r/e

m ent w e r e t o b e r e gist e r e d But M de Bri e nne had ne ith e r
. .
1 56 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

t he i nt e ll e ct no r the e ne rgy re quire d by proj e cts so va st and

circumst anc e s so grav e .
1

The m e asur e s t a k e n by t he mi nistry a nd t he myst e ri o us ,

sil e nc e th e y k e pt c aus e d gre at u ne asi ne ss to a ll the m agis ,

tra t e s Th e y m ad e all s o rts o f a tt e mpts t o disc o v e r the pro j e cts

.

o f t he g o v e r nm e nt Th e y succ e e d e d ; M M d E sp re sm e ni] and ' ’

. .

Go islard o bt a ine d a c o py o f t he e dicts a nd s o m

2
d o cum e nts e

which re l at e d to th e m Th e y had th e m pri nt e d a nd distribut e d .

,

with o ut t he mi nistry h avi ng e ve n had k no wl e dg e o f t he disco ve ry

th at had j ust b e e n m ad e I n an ass e mbly o f t he ch amb e rs c o n .

v e ne d imm e di at e ly and at which the D u e d O rléans w as no t ,

’

pre s e nt a ft e r all t he p e e rs and m e mb e rs o f the p a rle m ent had

,

t a k e n an o ath no t t o re c o g niz e as a c o urt ffic e r a ny e xc e p t t h o s e o

pre s e nt and to rej e ct at the risk o f th e ir live s all pr o p o siti o ns

,

t e ndi ng t o re t a rd t he c o nv o c ati o n o f t he S t ate s G e ne ral th e y -

,

d e cl a re d th at i f vi o l e nce m ad e it imp o ssibl e fo r the c o urt t o watch

p e rs o nally o ve r the c o nstitu e nt pri ncipl e s o fthe Fre nch m o narchy ,

th e y w o uld co nfi d e this duty to the h ands o f the ki ng t he pri nc e s ,

o f his bl o o d a nd t he S t a t e s G e ne r a l ,
-
.

The mi nistry i nfo rm e d o f wh a t had p ass e d d e cid e d t o h av e

, ,

th o s e m agistrat e s a rre st e d wh o m th e y supp o s e d t o h ave dis

c o ve re d a nd publish e d th e ir pr oj e cts M d E sp re sm énil and M . .
’
.

Go isla rd t o o k r e fug e in t he p a rle m ent A d e t a chm e nt o f the .

a rm e d fo rc e th at w as in P a ris fo ll o w e d a ft e r th e m A ft e r s o m e .

h o urs th e y g av e th e ms e lve s up i nt o t he h ands o fM d A go ult w ho .

’
3
,

Bri e nne u nd e rt o o k to d e stro y the parl m ents O n M ay 8 1 7 88 the ki ng

1
e

p rl m en t to V e rs ill e s nd the K e p r o f the S ls L am o ign n r e ad

.
, ,

o rd e r e d the a e a a e e ea o

the f ll o wi ng dicts —The first i nstitut e d u nd r t he titl o f Gr n d B ill g e

, , ,
'

o e ne w e e a s a za s,

c urts o f justic e which w e re to d cid e all civil nd cri m in l c as e s b e l o w

o e a a

livre s The p arl m ent w e r e nly c o gniz nt f c as e s b o v e th t figure as als f

. e s o a o a a , o o

th o se c o nc e rni ng ccl e si stics nd n b l e s The s c o nd e dict r e duc e d c o nsid e rably

e a a o . e

the nu m b r f c o u ns e ll o rs o f p rl m n t
e o The third suppre s se d ll e xtr ao rdi nary a e e . a
t rib unal The f urth b o lish e d th e pr e vi o us qu e sti n
s . o The fifth
a nd the m o st o .
, a

i m p o rt nt i nstitut e d a pl e n ry c o urt ch rge d with v rifyi ng nd re gist e ri ng the l aws

a ,
a ,
a e a

fo r th wh o l e xt e n t o f th k i ng d m
e e This c o urt was c o m p o s d o f t he C h nc e ll r r
e o e a o o

o f t he K e e p e r o f the S e ls o f the gr e t ch m b r o f the p rlem nt o f P aris

.

a , o f the a a e a e ,

pri nc s f the bl o d the p e e rs the gr nd o fiice rs o f the cro w n v ari ous dignit ri e s
e o o , ,
a , a

o f t he C hurch and o f the rm y c e rt ai n nu m b e r o f m e m b e rs ch o s e n in the C o un cil

a a

o f S t t e and t he p rlem ents o f th

,

a pro vi nc e s The c o urt h d the right o f r em o n

a e . a

str anc e but the ki ng r s e rv d t hi m se lf th at o f dict ati ng his o rd e rs at [its j u tice

, e e o ae
’
s .

F i n lly th e sixth e dict publish e d an i nt e rdict ag i nst all e xisti ng p arlem ents and
a ,
a ,

fo rb d th e ir ass m bli ng o n any public o r privat e c as e

a e e .

9
M G o isl rd de M o ns b e rt w as y o u ng c o u nse ll o r o fparlem e nt
a a a

A nt o i ne J e n M arquis d A goult b o rn t Grenobl e in I 75 0 o f an o ld f m ily o f

. .

3 ’
a , , a a

D auphiny L i e ut e nant o f the b o dy gu rd

. c o l one l H e e m igr at e d in -
a
 1 58 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

R év e ill o n, v e ry re sp e ct abl e m an gave e mpl o ym e nt t o a l arge

1
a ,

numb e r o fw o rkm e n I do no t k no w wh at c alum ny w as circul at e d .

a m o ng th e m c o nc e r ni ng him w ho g ave th e m th e ir m e ans

o f liv e lih o o d A t t he s a m e tim e m o ne y w as distribut e d t o
.

th e m ; a nd t he cro wd h avi ng mix e d with th e m the numb e r ,

i ncre a s e d and t he ri o t b e c a m e so s e ri o us th at it wa s ne c e ss a ry
, ,

t o e mpl o y t he Fr e nch a nd t he S wiss Gu a rds t o r e st o r e o rd e r .

The s a m e a m o u nt o f m o ne y twe lv e fr ancs th at w as fo u nd , ,

o n e a ch o f t he ri o t e rs kill e d o r a rr e st e d pro ve d a lre ady th at ,

s o m e o ne o f a sup e ri o r cl ass had dire ct e d th at o utbre ak ; the ,

c o nfe ssi o ns m ad e by s e v e ra l o f th o s e p o o r wre tch e s a ll o we d

it t o b e no l o ng e r d o ubt e d th at t he s e diti o n had b e e n bro ught
a b o ut by t he a g e nts o f t he D u e d O rléans The d e pr a v e d
’
.

ch aract e r o f th a t pri nc e m ad e him e nj o y a ny tumult wh at

e v e r ; he w a s d e light e d t o agit at e t o m ak e a no is e t o cr e at e , ,

e mb a rr a ssm e nt but h e d a r e d no t do a ny m o r e ,
.

This disturb a nc e had b e e n bro ught ab o ut by M de L a cl o s .

,
2

w ho had b e e n fo r s o m e tim e a tt a ch e d t o t he p e rs o n o f t he Du c
d O rléans as s e cr e t a ry o f his c o mm ands M de L a cl o s had b e e n ”
’ “
. .
.

i ntro duc e d in P a ris t o a fe w h o us e s by the V ic o mt e de N o a ille s ,

3

w ho had k no w n him in g arris o n ; his a mbiti o n spirit and , ,

év e ill o n was st i ne d p ap e r m anuf cture r o f the F aub o urg S t A nt i ne H e

1
R a a -
a . o .

had b e n accus e d f h vi ng us d h rsh nd u nfri ndly l ngu g e t o his w o rk m e n

e o a e a a e a a

which had pro v o k d furi o us ri t ( A pril 2 8 H is h us and f ct ry w e re

,

e a o , o e a o

d e str y e d The ri t w as qu e ll e d but n t with ut m uch bl dsh e d

o . o o o oo
P i e rr e A m b r is e C ho de rl s de L cl s b rn at A m i ns in 1 74 1 w as c pt i n o f
.
,
2 -
o o a o , o e , a a
e ngi n e rs in 1 77 8 H e fo rm e d n i nti m acy w ith th e D e d O rlé n nd b c m e
’
e . a u a s, a e a
“
s e cre t ry f his c om m nds
a H e w s ctiv ly c o n c e rn d in th e i ntrigu e s o f the
o a .
”
a a e e

p rty f th pri nc t the utbre ak o f the R e v o luti o n H w

a o e e a m m b e r f t he
o e as a e o

J co bi ns C lub nd e dit e d its j o urn l A ft e r the flight t o V renne s h m 0v d the

.

’
a , a a . a , e e

d e p o siti n o f th e ki ng nd dre w up with Bri s t the p e titi n fthe C h m p de M rs

o , a s o o o a a .
”

H e b c m e brig di e r g e ne ral in 1 79 2
e a I m pris o ne d n t w o di ffe r nt cc si ns during
a -
. o e o a o
t he T rr o r h w e l t e r s e nt to the arm y o f th R hi ne a g ne ral o f b rig d e I n
, e as, a , e s e a .

1 80 3 h e w s i nsp ct o r g e ne r l o f rtill ry at N pl e s wh n h di e d
, a e L cl o s h
-
l ft a a e a ,
e e . a as e
a ls lit e r ry re put ti n H e is the uth r o f f w light p e m s nd se v e r l no ve ls
o a a a o . a o a e o a a ,

th b st k n w n o f which is ntitl d L i i n D n re e
e e o e e a e us s
g a so s .

3
The V ic o m t e L o uis M ri e de N ill s w as th e s c nd so n o f M rsh al d M o uchy a oa e e o a e .

B o rn in 1 7 5 6 h b c m e c o l o ne l o f the C h ass urs d A ls ce nd j o i ne d in the e xpe di

, e e a e
’
a a

ti n to A m e ric f N e m urs t th e S t at e s G e ne ral h

,
o D puty o f th e n b ility a . e o o o o -

,
e

w arm ly ad o pt d the ne w id e s j o i n d the Third E st t e nd pro p s d the ab o li

e a e a a o e

ti n f fe ud l r ight s ( A ugu t
, ,

o o a P r e sid e nt f the c nstitu e nt ss e m bly in 1 7 9 1 s o o a ,

brig di e r g e ne r l in 1 79 2 h w s de f t d at Gli w l H e e m igrat d s o o n aft e r I n

a -
a . e a ea e s a . e .

1 80 3 he r turn d t
, F r nc
e g i n t o o k s e rvic
e g n l f b rig d e nd w s kill d
o a e, a a e as e e ra o a a a e
in sight o f H v nna whilst c pturi ng n E nglish fri g t e
,

a a The V ic o m t de N o ill s a a a e a e
h d m rri d his c o usi n A nne gr ndd ught r f M rsh l de N o aill e s
.

a a e S h w s gu il a a e o a a e a ~

lot in d J uly 2 2 1 7 94 with he r m o th e r t h D uch e ss e d A ye n nd he r gr and m o th r

, .

’
e , e a e
, , , ,
the M / ah de N o ill e s
a ret a a .
 TH E D UC D OR L E A N S
’
. 1 59

b ad r e put ati o n had c aus e d t he D u e d O rléans t o r e g rd him ’

a

a s a m a n wh o s e supp o rt it w as by a ll m e an s g o o d t o h av e

in st o rmy circumst anc e s (I n Elog e o Va u oa n t he imm o r a l

’
. a ,

no v e l e ntitl e d L ia isons D a ng e rea es s o m e wo rks o n t a ctics /

s , ,

s e ve ral ne wsp a p e r articl e s which had pro ve d t he fl e xibility

o f his o pi n i o ns a s o f his t a l e nt h a d i n duc e d t he D u e d O rléans
’

, ,

t o e ntrust him with t he dr a ft o f t he i nstructi o n s he wish e d t o

give t o t he diffe re nt p e rs o ns w ho we re t o re pre s e nt him in t he
b a iliwicks o f his app anage M de L acl o s had writt e n o n this . .

o cc a si o n a s o rt o fc o d e in which a ll t he phil o s o phic a l id e a s o ft he

tim e tre at e d o f in s e p arat e a rticl e s did no t s e e m su ffici e ntly

, ,

v e il e d t o the Duc d O rléans This no t suiti ng him he s o ught ’

.
,

a no th e r c o mpil e r A bb e S i ey e s w as sugg e st e d t o him as t he

' ‘
.

m a n w ho h ad r e fl e ct e d m o st up o n t he qu e sti o ns which it ,

w as supp o s e d t he S t at e s G e ne r a l w o uld discuss

, I n a m e e ti ng -
.

w hich t o o k pl a c e with S i ey es a t t he h o us e o f M de Biro n at .

M o ntro uge the Duc d O rléans sh o we d t o t he abbé the dra ft o f

,
’

M de L acl o s and a sk e d him t o m ak e such ch ange s in it as he

.
,

th o ught suit abl e A bbé S i ey e s w ho o wi ng t o t he disp o siti o n o f

.
‘

, ,

his mi nd w as usu a lly littl e pl e as e d with the wo rk o f o th e rs fo u nd

, ,

th at no thi ng c o uld b e pre s e rve d a nd dre w up a ne w pro j e ct ,

which the Duc d O rléans ad o pt e d a nd had pri nt e d My o pi ni o n

’
.
1

is th at fro m th at tim e the re w e re no furth e r r e l ati o ns b e twe e n

, ,

( P aris his d o cu m e nt is v e ry i nt e re sti ng ; the f ct th t it

*
1
,
1 789 , 1 v ol . 8vo ) . T a a

e m n te s f
a a m t h e first pri n c e
ro l o d giv e s it m uch m o r v lu e I n it th uth o r
o f th e b o e a .
, e a
i ndic t s fi rst th e pri ncip l rticl e s to i ns e rt in the l ier n m ly i ndividu l nd
a e a a co l s, a e , a a

p o litic l fr d m priv cy o f l tt e rs i nvi o l bility o f pro p e rty p ri o dic l v t e f

a ee o a e a e a o o

t x e s and th ir e qu l distributi o n r sp onsibility fm i nist e rs divo rc e P ssi ng ne xt t

a , e a e o . a o

the r e gul ti o n o f th e ss e m bli e s h e r e qu sts his r pr s e n t tiv s to t k e no tic e o nly fth e

a a , e e e a e a o

pre se nt i nst ructi o ns with ut p ying ny tt e nti o n to the re gul ti o n j o i ne d to the ki ng s

, o a a a a
’

l e tte rs f c nv c ti o n H e d e pl re s th t the m inistry by n i nc nsist e ncy w o rthy f

o o o a . o a a o o

th e e nlight e nm e nt which has alw y s di sti nguish d th e m sh o uld h v e d o pt e d th ”

a e ,
a a e

m o d e o f d e li b r ti o n by s p r t e o rd e rs
e a Th e o nly i m p o rt nt d lib e r ti o n is th t
e a a .
“
a e a a

o f th e Third f r it l o ne h s the g e ne r al i nt e r st in V i e w it l ne is th e d p o sit ry f

, o a a e ,
a o e a o

t he p o w e rs o f th n ti o n nd it f e ls th t it is
e a b ut to b e e ntrust e d with its
a e a a o

The duty f th S t t e s G e ne r l will th e n b

,

d e sti ni s A nd f rth e r o n he dds

e .
”
a , a o e a -
a e

t o tt ck th e d sp tis m f the ri t r t
a a e o nd th u nli m it e d pr r o g tiv e s o f th e r y l
o a s oc a s, a e e a o a

p w r to draw up d e cl ar ti o n o f the rights o f m n nd to e st b lish a c o nstituti o n

o e , a a a a a

A n ti nal ss e m b ly e l e ct e d in the third de gre e the p rish

,

o n th e f ll o wi ng b s e s
o a a o a a

ass e m bli e s will l e ct cant nal ass e m bli e s which in th e ir turn will e l ct pro vi nci l
e o e a

ss e m bli s which will ch o s e fr m th ir m idst the n ti o n l re pre s nt tive s A ll th

,

a e , o o e a a e a . e

d e puti e s will b e subj e ct to dis m iss l by th ir c o nstitu e nts I t m ust n t b e f rg tt e na e .

”
o o o

th t th e e st t s o f the D uc d Orlé ns wh r th s e i nstructi o ns w e re sc tt e re d had

a a e
’
a , e e o a ,

th e e xt e n t o f thr e e o r f ur F r e nch D e p rt m nts o a e .

Th i ei giv b y h n t i n i t h i d p ti wi h g d t th f m s th t
nstru c t o ns en t e co s tue c es o t e r e u es t re ar o e re o r a
we re m ost ne e de d . Tra nsla to r .
)
 1 60 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

t he Duc d O rléans and A bb é S ie y es a nd th at this w as the

’
,

o nly tim e t h e y m e t But a s t h o s e i nstructi o ns c aus e d co nsid

.
,

e rab le stir a nd t h e ir auth o r w as k no w n it was supp o s e d at

, , ,

diffe re nt st age s o f t he R e vo luti o n th at th e re w as a s e cre t b o nd ,

b e twe e n A bbé S i ey es a nd the Duc d Orléans Th e re ne ve r ’

.

e xist e d p e rh aps t w o m e n m o re i nc o mp atibl e and no t hi ng

, , ,

w o uld pro ve it b e tt e r th an t o sh o w S i ey es as he is [ will .

try to m ak e a sk e tch o f him .

S i ey e s has a mi nd vig o r o us in t he high e st d e gr e e his h e art is

‘

c o ld and his s oul pusill anim o us ; his i nfl e xibility is o nly in his

h e ad H e c a n b e i nhum a n b e c aus e prid e will pre ve nt his
.
,

dr awi ng b ack and fe ar will bi nd him t o crim e I t is no t o u t

,
.

o f phil a nthr o py th at he pr o fe ss e s e qu a lity it is o u t o f vi o l e n t ,

h atre d agai nst t he p o we r o f o th e rs I t c anno t b e s aid ho w .

,

e ve r ,
th at the e x e rcis e o f p o we r suits him fo r he w o uld no t ,

b e at his e a s e at t he h e a d o f any go ve r n m e nt b u t wo ul d lik e ,

t o b e its o nly thi nki ng a nd ruli ng spirit Exclusive d o mi ne e r .

,
~

ing he d o e s no t c o n fi ne hims e lf t o a c o nti nu o us and re gul a r

,

a cti o n disd ai nful o f th at which is k no w n he wish e s t o go b e y o nd ,

it O bst a cl e s m ak e him i ndig nant he sc o rns e ve ry c o mpro mis e

.
, .

Wh at he c a lls a pri ncip le is in his h ands a brass sc e ptre which , ,

d o e s no t b e nd e ith e r t o the imp e rfe cti o ns o f nature o r t o the ,

w e a k ne ss e s o f m anki nd H e is e qu ally ig no rant o f t he virtu e s

.

a nd o f t he fa ults which a re i nh e r e nt in a fe e li ng mi nd H is .

r e s o luti o n o nc e t ak e n no a ffe cti o n c an st o p it M e n in his

, .
,

e ye s ,
a re but p aw ns t o b e m o ved ab o ut ; th e y o ccupy his
mi nd but a w a k e no thi ng in his h e art Wh e n he draws up a
, .

c o nstituti o n he tre ats t he c o u ntry fo r which it is i nt e nd e d as

,

a pl a c e wh o s e i nh abit ants ne v e r fe lt o r saw a nythi ng

1
.

The o nly fe e li ng th at has any i nflu e nc e o v e r S i ey es is th a t

o f fe a r A t t he Co nv e nti o n he fe a r e d d e ath si nc e th e n the '

.
,

fe ar o f the v e nge anc e o f t he h o us e o f B o urb o n rul e s him .

S i ey es is r e gul a r in his h abits m e th o dic a l in his c o nduct , ,

o bscur e in his d e a li ngs H is priv at e life o ffe rs no thi ng phil o

.

s o phic ally re m ark abl e I n his t ast e s he is s o m e wh at ch o ic e ;

.
,

he is difli c u lt t o s e rv e t o l o dg e t o fur n ish ,

H e is no t c o v e t o us ,
.
,

but he is no t l o fty e no ugh to d e spis e fo rtu ne ; his prid e e ve n , ,

A llusi t th c stitut i pr p s ] b y S i ey s i th y r V I I I
1
on o e on on o o er e
‘

n e ea .
1 62 TH E M E M OI R S OF P RI N CE TA L L E VR A N D .

ch aract e r his e quiv o c al and uns e ttl e d p o siti o n pre ve nt e d his

,

b e c o mi ng o A ft e r t he crim e o f his vo t e he w as no l o nge r

s .
,

o f imp o rt a nc e p e 0 p 1e ha d no furth e r ne e d o f him

,
he r e m a i ne d
simply in t he ra nk s a nd as th at w a s no t his pl a c e he was th e re , ,

a ciph e r w a s disgr a c e d a nd kill e d

,
.

Wh a t b e c o m e s th e n o f t he o pi ni o n so p o sitive ly a ccre dit e d , ,

th at t he Duc d O rléa ns w as the prim e auth o r o f t he R e vo luti o n

’

th a t his na m e s e rve d fo r t he ra llyi ng o f a num e ro us cl ass o f

citiz e ns ; th a t he w as e nc o urage d by t he a mbiti o n o f a fe w
turbul e nt mi nds t o ra is e his e ye s t o t he thro ne This o pi ni o n
, .

c anno t b e h e ld b e fo re the picture o f his life F o r imm o ra lity .

,

e xtr e m e friv o lity wa nt o f r e fl e cti o n a nd we a k ne ss su ffic e t o

, , ,

e xpl a i n his a git a ti o ns a s w e ll as his i na cti o n Furth e rm o re .

,

t he impuls e o nc e giv e n t he r a pid a nd vi o l e nt e xcit e m e nt o f ,

mi nds pre ve nt e d a t e ve ry st ag e o f t he R e vo luti o n the d e v e l o p

, ,

m e nt o f privat e a mbiti o ns A ll id e as t e ndi ng fro m t he .

,

b e gi nni ng t o e st a blish e qu a lity a nd to w e ak e n all p o we r l o fty

, ,

a mbiti o ns w e r e ne c e ss a rily disc o u nt e na nc e d I t w a s no t u nti l .

ve ry much l ate r a ft e r t e rribl e t e sts th a t th e re b e g an t o b e fe lt

, , _

t he ne e d o f a l e a d e r t o m o dify t he st at e o f thi ngs which e xist e d

it w as th e n th at B o na p a rt e a pp e a re d The Duc d O rléans .
’

w as d o ubtl e ss no t t he l a st p e rs o n t o p e rc e iv e t he disp o siti o n o f

, ,

mi nds which I h ave j ust i ndic at e d Th at is why he a lways .

c o nc e al e d the r e a l aim o f his a mbiti o n H e w as no t as I h ave .

,

s a id e ith e r t he pri ncipl e t he o bj e ct o r t he m o tive o f t he

, , ,

R e v o luti o n The imp e tu o us tid e c a rri e d him a l o ng with t he

.
.

o th e rs .

The Duc d O rléa ns fe ll b a ck up o n hims e lf his t a st e s his

’

, ,

ne e ds H e n c e t he s e cr e t th o ught which le d him a ft e r O ct o b e r

.
,

6 1 7 89 t o u nd e rt ak e t he disgr ac e ful j o ur ne y t o E ngl a n d fo r

, ,

which m e n o f all p arti e s h av e re pro a ch e d him Fro m th a t .

1

1
The D uc d O rléans w as a ccus d eh vi g b
of a
’
c c r d
n een v ts
o n e ne in the e e n of
ct r
O o b e 5 and 6 c urt
The o p rti
and a o r s g i st
o n o f t he oou rg eo isie a o e a a n him La
m na o n — n e e ,
. .

y tt t k up hi s lf
Fa e e o o on m e ch th s r cri i ti s i d d th s
to e o e e e c s e e m e na e ; so

m uch th t
so a th epri c b i g i ti id t d l ft
n e, e n n m a e , e gl d fictiti us issi
fo r E n an o n a o m o n, in

Spit e o f a llth t ir b u c uld

a M a ea o r str i
do t o e a n him di t ly I m m e a e , t he C/z ot elet .
‘

p d v ts
o e ne , o n th e e e n ct r
of O i quiry d sti d pr v
o b e , an n e ne culp bility
to o e the a o f th e

pri c
n e l tt r r tur d sudd ly
The a e e ne en ris J uly
to P a on A ugust
7 , 1 7 90 On 1 4 fo l
A ss bly
. .

l wi g
o n , the c urt
o d liv r d r p rt
o fthe C/z dtelet e e e its e o t o the c clud d
em I t on e

A s bly r fu d
.

by a ski g th t
n a h uld
he s o r ig d but
b e a ra ne , the s em uth riz
e se to a o e t he
pro se cuti n o .
 TH E D UC D OR L EA N S 1 63
’
.

m o m e nt d at e s the dis app e a ra nc e o f his e no rm o us fo rtu ne which ,

h avi ng b e e n put i nt o a fo rm m o re e a sy o f h andli ng l e ft e ve n ,

fe w e r tra c e s th a n did t he sup e rb g a ll e ry o f picture s o f the

P al a is R o ya l so sc att e red t o day The fre e c ash o f t he Duc
-
,
-
.

d O rléans p ass e d all t o E ngl a nd by i ndir e ct m e ans a nd thr o ugh

’

s e cre t age nts w ho o n acco u nt o f th e ir o bscurity we re e n bl e d

, , ,
a

t o b e u nfa ithful a nd t o e nj o y t he pr o c e e ds o f th e ir th e ft
,
S uch .

is the o pi ni o n o f t he m e n w ho we re th e n at t he h e ad o f a ffa irs .

I f hist o ri ans m a k e it a p o i nt t o s e e k t he m e n t o wh o m th e y
c a n a wa rd t he h o no ur o r a ddr e ss t he r e pr o a ch o f h a vi ng m a d e
, ,

dire ct e d o r m o difi e d the Fr e nch R e vo luti o n th e y will give th e m

, , ,

s e lve s u nne c e ss a ry tro ubl e I t h d no a uth o rs l e ad e rs no r

. a , ,

guid e s I t w as s o w n by the writ e rs w ho in a n e nlight e ne d a nd

.
,

ve ntures o m e c e ntury wishi ng t o a tt a ck prejudice s subve rt e d t he

, ,

re ligi o us and s o ci al pri ncipl e s a nd by u nskilful mi nist e rs w ho,

i ncre as e d t he d e ficit o f t he tr e a sury a nd t he disc o nte nt o f t he

p e o pl e .

I t w o uld b e ne c e ss ary in o rd e r t o fi nd t he r e al o rigi n a nd

,

c aus e s o f t he R e v o luti o n t o we igh a nalyz e a nd j udge qu e sti o ns

, , ,

o fh igh sp e c u la t iv e p o litics and e sp e ci a lly t o submit t o a pr o fo u nd

_ ,

a n d skilful e x a mi na ti o n t he qu e sti o n o f t he struggl e b e tw e en

,

phil o s o phic a l id e a s a nd pre j udic e s b e twe e n t he pre t e nsi o ns o f ,

t he m ind and th o s e o f p o w e r F o r if w e w e re t o t a k e i nt o c o n
.
,

sid e rati o n o nly the s o l e re sults o f th at R e v o luti o n w e sh o uld ,

s o o n fa ll i nto e rro r a nd e nd by mist a ki ng M de M a l e sh e rb e s fo r

, .

Mirab e a u and M de la R o ch e fo uc a uld fo r R o b e spi e rre

, . .

END O F TH E S E CO N D P A R T .

M Z
 '

I IX IK T
’
I I I .

TH E C O N V E NT I O N ,
TH E D I R E C TO R Y , T H E C O N S U LA TE ,

T H E EAR LY YEA R S O F T H E E M P I R E .

1 791
—
1 8 08 .

D ange r s thr e at e ni ng t he r o y al fam i l y —Tal l e yr an d g o e s to Lo n d o n with a

l e tt e r o f Lo ui s X V I t o th e K ing o f E ngl an d — D e fe at o f t he F re n c h
tr o o p s u nd e r the D u e de B ir o n—A u g u st I o —Ab o li ti o n o f r o y al ty
.

C o ul d th e r o y a l fam ily h ave b e e n sav e d in 1 7 92 — Ta ll e yr an d e ntru st e d

w ith a sc i e nti fi c m i ssi o n t o E ngl an d —The M ar q ui s o f Lan sd o w ne —The
M a r q u i s o f H asti ngs—D o c t o r s P ri c e and P ri e stl e y —G e o r ge C ann i ng
S am u e l R o m illy —J e r e m y B e n th am —L o rd H e n ry P e tt y —C h a rl e s F o x
—The r e sp o nsi b l e auth o r s o f the R e vo lu ti o n—Th e A li e n B il l—Lo rd
M e l v il l e — W ill i am P itt —Tall e yr an d e xp e ll e d fr o m E ngl an d —S t a rt s fo r
A m e ri c a—N e a rl y sh i p w r e c k e d — S t a y at F a l m o uth —G e ne r al A rn o l d
L an d s at P hi l a d e l phi a—M de B e au m e tz —W illi am P e nn—Th e M o r
.

av i an br e t hr e n—Th e s piri t o f e n t e rpri se in A m e ri c a —G e ne r a l H am ilt o n

—A m e ri c an c o m m e rc ial c o m p e ti ti o n and its r e sult s—Tall e yr an d at
C h en i e r s r e q u e st is a u th o riz e d t o r e tur n t o F r an c e —S t a rt s fo r H am
’

b urg — M a d am e de F lah au t a nd T all e yr an d —R e tu rns t o P ari s—E l e c t e d

a m e m b e r o f t he I nstit u t —M a d am e de S t a el — T all e yr a n d a nd B a rr a s

T a ll e yr an d a pp o i n t e d M i n i st e r o f F o r e i gn A ffa ir s—W hy h e a c c e pt e d
o flic e C a rno t and B arr as—Tal l e yr an d s fi r st l e t t e r t o B o na p a rt e
’

T r e aty o f C a m p o F o rm i o —L o rd M a l m e sbu ry —F ru cti d o r 1 8—F i r st

-

i nt e rv i e w b e tw e e n B o nap art e and T all e yran d —C ath e ri ne o f R u ssi a and

t h e F r e n c h R e v o luti o n—Th e D ir e ct o ry and E ur o p e —M o r e a u —Tall e y
r an d r e tir e s fr o m th e Cab i ne t —S i ey es and the D ir e c t o ry —B o na p a rt e in
E gypt —B ru m air e 1 8—B o na p a rt e a pp o i nt e d F i r s t C o nsul —Ta ll e yr an d
t ak e s o ffi c e a g ai n—P a u l I and B o nap art e —M a r e ng o —T r e aty o f L u n é
v ill e —
.

Th e U n i t e d S t at e s and t h e F r e nc h R e pu b li c — Lo rd Co rn w a lli s
and J o se ph B o na p a rt e — T r e at y o f A m i e ns—The Concorda t—Tall e y
r an d s se c u lariz ati o n—B o na p art e s b l u n d e r—A nne x ati o n o f P i e d m o n t
’ ’

t o F r anc e —E ng l an d d e cl a r e s w ar— P ic h e gru s d e a th —A ssassi na ti o n o f

’

t h e D u e d E ngh ie n—P r o c lam a ti o n o f th e E m pir e —N a p o l e o n e m p e r o r

’

a nd k i ng — Th e c am p at B o ul o g ne —Th e A u stri an c am p ai gn—N a p o le o n

at S c h oe n bru nn— A u st e rlitz —N a p o l e o n and th e F a ub o urg S t G e rm a i n
—Tall e yr and c r e at e d P ri nc e de B énéve nt—T r e aty o f P r e sb urg —Co u nt
.
1 66 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

u nd e r t he na m e o f Girondists had i nsist e d o n this st e p u nd e r t he ,

b li e f th a t t he ki ng s mi nistry w o uld d cli ne t o t a k e it Th e ir

e
’
e .

h o p e s we re d e c e ive d M de L e ssart w ho w as th e n Mi nis t e r o f . .

1
,

F o re ign A ffa irs t o o k up t he sugg e sti o n a nd pro p o s e d th at I , ,

sh o uld g o t o E ngl a nd in rd e r t o O p e n ne go t i a ti o ns o n the o

subj e ct I had b e e n a nxi o us t o l e av e Fr a nc e fo r s o m e tim e I

.

w as t ir e d a nd disgust e d nd sur e th o ugh I fe lt th at my missi o n ,

a

ha d littl e ch an c e o f succ e ss I a cc e pt e d it The ki ng wr o t e t o t he , .

Ki ng o f E ngl and a l tt e r o f which I w s t he b e are r e a .

2

I n 1 7 9 0 w ar w o uld h av e b e e n us e ful t o r o y a l t y
, I n 1 7 9 2 it .
,

w o uld o nly h ave ups e t the thro ne ; th at is t he re as o n why t he

re vo luti o nists w ant e d it Th e y th o ught ( as o ne o f th e m B risso t .
,

d V a rvill e
e subs e qu e ntly c o nfe ss e d ) th at if w a r w e r e o nc e
,
3
,

d e cl a re d t he ki ng h avi ng t he dir e cti o n o f t he o p e ra ti o ns wo uld

, , ,

b e l e ft a t th e ir m e rcy by b e i ng o blig e d t o e mpl o y o n ly th o s e ,

m e ans th at it might pl e as e th e m t o pl a c e at his disp o s a l a nd ,

th a t th e y w o uld thus b e e nabl e d t o urg e t o r e b e lli o n b o th t he

a rmy a nd t he m a ss e s by h o ldi ng t he s o v e r e ig n r e sp o nsibl e fo r ,

dis a st e rs which o wi ng t o th e ir o w n a cti o n had b e e n re nd e re d in

, ,

e vit a bl e a n i nfa m o us c a lcul ti o n which subs e qu e n t e v e nts pr o v e d a

t o h av e b e e n m a d e with t he utm o st skill This h a te ful m a chi n . a

ti o n c o uld p e rh aps h ave b e e n t hwart e d by c alli ng up o n t he a rm e d

, ,

de N o a b ss d o r t V i nn J nu ry 1 6
ill s e am a nd tri d t
a pr v nt ll i nt r
o e a, a a a e o e e a e

r nc e n the p rt f th I m p e ri l D ie t ( M B rb é M b is m issi n J nu ry 1
, ,
’
e e o a o e a a -
ar o o a a

A n t i n d V ld e d L e t b r n in I 74 2 W succ e ssiv ly m it d r q ét
.
, ,
1 ‘
o e e a e e ssar o as e a re os e u es

M i nist e r o f th I nt e ri r ( J nu ry
.
,

c o m ptr ll r g n r l ( D e c m b e r o e -
e e a e e o a a

fF o r e ig n A f O n B i s t s m o ti n t he A ss e m b ly
,

nd M i nist e r f irs ( N v m b r
’
a o a o e e , rs o o ,

d cr d his
e ee rr st nd tri l M rch 2 1 7 9 2 wh e n he w
a e a rr st e d nd t k n t a a as a e a a e o

O rl e n s th s t f the n ti n l H igh C urt f J ustic

, , ,

a e ea o He w m ss c d t V r a o a o o e as a a re a e

s il l s ( S pt e m be r 9 1 79 2) o n his w y b ck t o P ris wh e re h h d b e n re c ll d by
, .

a e e , a a a ,
e a e a e

D nt o n s o rd rs
’
a e .

T ll yr n d w s l o f
2
a ethe b e r r o f l tt e r fr m M d L e
a a rt t E rl Gr nvill
a s He a e a e o . e ssa o a e e.

h ad i nstructi ns t o s e cur t h n utr lity o r if p ssi bl e t h

o lli nc o f E ngl nd H e
e e e a o e a a e a

s t rt d o n his m issi n J nu ry 1 2 1 79 2 in the c m p ny o f the D e d Bir n nd

.
, , ,

a e o a a o a u e o a

r turne d to P ris o n M rch 9 in the s m e y e r ( S e S o r l s L E r p et [ R l

, , , ,
’ ’ ’

e a a a a . e e u o e a eo o u

ti n F
o ng P art I I
ro Vol
azse ,
3 J e n P i e rr e B ri s t w as the thirt e e nth chil d
. .
,

a -
f a C h rtre s i nnk e e p e r
s o H e w as o a .

b rn in 1 7 5 4 nd s o n dde d t his n m e th t o f O u rvill r W ille the vill g

o a o a o a a a e, o arv a e

wh e r e he w as b r ught p H vi ng co m e t o P ris he f u nde d in 1 782 L e P tri te

, ,

o u a a o a o

j o ur nal in which he adv c t e d n w id s with vig ur and t l nt H vi ng

.
, ,

F ra n f i o s, a o a e ea o a e . a

b e n l e ct e d m m b e r o f the C o m m u ne o f P aris in 1 79 1 nd d puty t the N ti o n l

e e a e a e o a a

A ss e m b ly nd to th C nv nti n he b c m e in c oupl e f y rs ne o f the l d e rs

,

a e o e o , e a a o ea o ea

o f th e Gir o ndist p arty which f r s o m e ti m e w s m st r o fthe situ ati o n ,

He t first o a a e .
,
a ,

e nd v o ure d to s v e the ki ng wh s e d th he e v e ntu ally v o t d subj ct to n app l

ea a , o ea e ,
e a ea

t o th p e o pl e e He w pr scri be d with all his fri e nd s aft e r the tri l o f the Giro ndis t
. as o a

p arty and guill o ti ne d M y 3 1 1 793

,
a ,
.
 TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y ,
THE C ON S UL A TE . 1 67

em
‘
i g ros v e rywh
’

e r e thr
h w ho
e a t e ne d t he fr o nti e rs t o withdr a w
e ,

a nd by pl a ci ng a ll t he tr o o ps o n a fo o ti ng o f p e a c e This c o urs e .
,

h o we ve r w as no t a d o pte d o r ra th e r t he st e ps re s o rt e d t o we re
, ,

so full o f i nd e cisi o n as t o r e n d e r th e m utt e rly us e l e ss a s t o t he

ki ng his natura l we ak ne ss le d him —in o rd e r t o re m o ve all sus

,

ic io n f his c nn ivi ng with t h e fo r e ig ne rs — t o b e i n duc e d t o

p o o

pro p o s e t o t he a ss e mbly a d e cl a ra ti o n o f w ar which th a t b o dy

h a st e ne d t o a cc e pt The fat e o f m o narchy w as th e n s e al e d . .

The e v e nts which t o o k pl a c e o n t he fro nti e r s e rve d as a pre t e xt 2

fo r t he o utr a ge s o f J une 2 0 and sh o rtly a ft e r fo r t he crim e o f , , ,

A ugust 1 0 which t he gr e a t r e g a rd I had fo r t he D u e de la

,

R o ch e fo uc a uld e na bl e d m e t o wit ne ss I n c o mpli an c e with a

3
.
,

l e tte r he had writt e n t o m e I had c o m e b ack t o P a ris in o rd e r t o ,

sh a re the no bl e a nd prais e wo rt hy d ang rs which t he p o pul a rity e ,

o f P eti o n th e n M ay o r o f P a ris who in a cc o rd anc e with a

4
, , ,

d e cisi o n o f t he admi nistrat o rs o f t he S e i ne d e p artm e nt wh o s e ,

c o ll e agu e I w as had b e e n t e mp o ra rily re m o ve d fro m o ffic e , ,

c a us e d us t o fa c e I m ay a dd th at t he m rks o f appro va l give n . a

us by t he qu e e n wh e n o n t he Fe d e rati o n day w e p a ss e d u nd e r , , ,

1
Th e giv e n to the m e m b e rs f the arist o cracy w ho at the ti m e f the
nam e o , o

R e v o luti o n l e ft F r nc e nd f ught in th e r nks o f the f r e ig ne rs b t sp ci lly in

, a a o a o ,
u e e a

wh t w s t rm e d th
a a rm y f th pri nc s u nd e r P ri nce de C o ndé Tr n l t r)
e e a o e e ,
”
. a s a o .

Th d e f t f the D e de Biro n and ru nni ng aw y o f G e ne ral D ill o n s tro p s

2 ’
e ea o u a o

o n th B lgi n fr n ti r ( A pril 3 0
,

e e a o e

L uis A l x ndr
,
3
D e de l R ch e Guy n nd de l R ch e fo uc uld d E n ille
’
o -
e a e, u a o -
o a a o a v

B o rn in 1 74 3 h t first e nt r d th arm y A s m m b e r o f the A sse m bly fN t bl e s

,

e a e e e a e o o a

l ct e d d e puty o f th n b ility to the S t t s G n r l wh e re h sh w d hi m s lf

, . .

he w as e e e o a e -
e e a e o e e

f v ur bl to ne w id s nd v o t d th chi f re fo rm s f th A ss m bly H w s
,

a o a e ea a e e e o e e e a

pp i nt d P re sid nt fthe P ris d p rt m nt in 1 79 1 b t ft r the e v nts o fJ u ne 20

.

a o e e o a e a e u a e e

H ving b e en r c gniz d at Giso rs he w s

,

1 7 9 2 he r sig ne d th t p st
,
end l e ft P ris a o a a . a e o e , a

st o n d t d e th by th i nfuri t e d m o b
e o a e a

J erom P eti n de V ill ne uve w as b o rn t C h rtre s in 1 7 5 3 H w s practisi ng

.

4
e o e a a . e a

a s a b rrist r in th t t w n wh n h e w as e l e ct d de puty o f th
a e a third st t e t o the
o e e e e a

S t t s G e n r l H e s o n cquire d a gr t i nflue nc in th e A ss m b ly nd in the club s

,

a e -
e a o a ea e e a

f the A ss m b ly I n J un e 1 7 9 1 h e
. .

I n N o v m b e r 1 7 90 h e w
e e l e ct d P r sid n t
, , as e e e o e .
, ,

w s pp o i nt d to fe tch th ki ng b ck fro m V re nne s

a a e nd n N o v m b e r 1 4 th ef t he a a a o e o

s m e y e r h w s r is d to th p o st f M y r o f P ris H is n tiv t w n s e nt
,

a a ,
e a a e e o a o a . a e o

h im d puty to th C n nti n o f which he w as subs e qu ntly e l ct d P r sid e n t

as e e o ve o ,
e e e e .

H e e v e n tu lly sid e d with the Giro nd ists

a H v o t e d fo r the d e th f th ki ng e a o e

H ving b e n b nish d nd r e ste d o n M y 3 1 he m n g d t e sc p e re che d C n

. .

a e a e a a r a a a e o a a ae

A ft e r th dis st r t V e rn n
, ,

a nd e nd e v ur d t o o rg niz e the i nsurr e cti n in the w e st

a o e a o e a e a o

( J uly
.

, h dis pp r d fr m the sc n e nd w nd e r d in th e s o uth f r n e rly

a ea e o e e, a a e o a

tw e lv m nths I n Ju n 1 7 94 h w fo u nd d ad in fi e ld n r S i nt E m ili o n in
e o . e, , e as e a ea a -

the Gir nd d p rt m n t
o e e a e .

Th S G
e lw m
t a t e s- i g f h h ; th
e ne ral gy h b ili y
e re d h a hi d ee t n o t e t re e st a t e s e c er t e
i
no t , an t e t r

ly
,

st at e ( h c f m ho se npp m iddl lro ) Th S G t l

e u m bl d
er l m i e c a sse s e t a t e s- e ne ra on a sse e o n so e n o c cas o ns
iy f ii g
. .

Th i hi f f
e r c i w
e d idu nc t o n h pp w t
as ito d m ec h e as to t e o o rtu n t o ra s n ne axe s, n or e r t o ee t t e
fi nancial e m barrassm e nts o f t he S tat e .
1 68 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

t he b alc o ny wh e re she was with t he ki ng furth e r e xcite d t he ,

p o pul a c e a gai nst us .

A ft e r t he e v e nts o f th at day a nd t he r o ut o f t he Prussi ans in ,

Ch a mp ag ne t he R e v o luti o nist s fl att e r e d th e ms e lv e s th at the y

,
1

had ab o lish e d m o na rchy fo r e v e r Th e y w e r e bli nd e d by th e ir .

fanaticism but no t l e ss so t he m e n w ho w e r e o f o pi ni o n th a t
ro ya lty c o uld s o o n b e re st o r e d a nd L o uis X V I r e pl a c e d o n his , .

thro ne by fo rc e A t this st age it w as no l o nge r a qu e sti o n th at

.
,

t he ki ng sh o uld r e ig n but th a t he hims e lf t he qu e e n th e ir , , ,

childre n his sist e r sh o uld b e s av e d I t might h ave b e e n d o ne

,
. .

I t w as at l e a st a duty t o a tt e mpt it A t th at tim e Fr a n c e w a s .

,

o n ly a t w ar with t he Emp e ro r t he Empir e a nd S ardi ni a 2 3

, , .

H ad a ll t he o th e r S t at e s c o nc e rt e d th e ms e lv e s t o o ffe r th e ir
m e di ati o n by pro p o si ng t o r e c o g niz e wh at e v e r fo rm o f go ve r n
m e nt Franc e might b e pl e a s e d t o a d o pt with t he s o l e c o nditi o n ,

th at the pris o ne rs in t he T e mpl e sh o uld b e a ll o w e d t o l e ave t he 4

c o u ntry a nd re tire wh e re ve r th e y lik e d th o ugh such a p rO p o sa l , ,

as m a y b e supp o s e d w o uld no t h a v e fi ll e d t he d e m a g o gu e s with

,

d e light th e y w o uld h ave b e e n p o w e rl e ss t o re j e ct it I nd e e d

, .

wh at pre t e xt c o uld th e y h ave all e g e d to subst anti at e th e ir re fus a l

W o uld th e y h ave s a id t o Fr anc e : G e ne ra l p e ac e is o ffe r e d “

us but w e wish fo r a ge ne ra l w ar in which w e sh a ll st a nd

, ,

a l o ne a g a i nst a ll Eur o p e O u r i nd e p e nd e nc e is r e c o g n iz e d .
,

but w e wish t o c all it in qu e sti o n a nd c aus e it t o d e p e nd o n t he

ch anc e s o fw ar We a re no t d e ni e d t he right o f g o v e r ni ng
.

o urs e lv e s as w e thi n k b e st N o b o dy thi nks o f fo rci ng a ki ng n . o

us but w e w a nt t o murd e r t he o ne w ho did r e ig n o ve r us in

, ,

o rd e r th a t his rights m ay go o ve r t o his h e irs w ho are i nd e e d 5

,

no l o ng e r in o u r p o w e r a nd wh o m a ll Eur o p e will r e c o g niz e ,

a lth o ugh w e do no t .

S o littl e w e r e t he d e m ag o gu e s i ncli ne d t o g e ne r a l h o stiliti e s ,

th a t th e y h a st e ne d t o m a k e p acifi c d e cl ara ti o ns t o a ll the g o ve rn

Th vict y f V l m y S pt m b r
1
e or o 79 a e e e 20, 1 2
Th E m p r r f A ustri w
,

d f h H ly R m n E m pir f which
.

2
th h t e
S t t s w r i t gr t p rt —( T 1 l
e e o o a as e ea o o o a e, o
h G rm
t e e an a e e e an n e an a ra n s a or
A ustri d h v ri us G rm S t s T l )
. .

3 a an t e a o e an at e ra ns a to r
w th t L uis X V I M ri A t i tt M d m E liz b th d
. .

I is w ll k
4
t e no n a o .
,
a e n o ne e, a a e a e ,
an
t h e childr w r i m pris d i h T m pl
o a e n, e e T l t o ne n t e e e ra ns a or
r Tyhl C m t d P r v c ( ft rw rds L uis X V I I I d h C m t d A rt is
. .

56 ’
e o e e o en e a e a o . an t e o e o

( aft e rw ards C h les X

ar . bro th e rs o f L o uis X VI .
,
b o th l e ft F r nce a at t h e o utbre k o f a

t he Re vo luti on . Tra n slator .

1 70 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

utm o st ki nd ne ss by t he M a rquis o f L a nsd o w ne wh o m I ha d ,

1

k no w n in P a ris ; he w as a no bl e m a n o f l o fty vi e ws gifte d wi t h ,

a bu nd a nt a nd liv e ly p o w e rs o f e l o cuti o n H e w a s still fr e e fr o m .

t he infi rm it ie s o f o ld a g e S o m e p e o pl e br o ught a g a i nst him .

t he c o mm o n pl a c e a ccus a ti o n o f b e i ng too lev e r ; a n a ccus a ti o n

-
c

by m e ans o f which in E ngl a nd as we ll as in Fr a nc e p e o pl e k e e p , ,

a t a dist a n c e a ll t he m e n wh o s e sup e ri o rity giv e s th e m umbr a g e ,

an d this is r e a lly t he o nly r e a s o n why he ne v e r w a s in o f fic e

a ga i n I saw him o ft e n a nd he ki ndly s e nt m e w o rd e v e ry
.
,

t im e h e r e c e iv e d t he visit o f s o m e disti nguish e d p e rs o n wh o s e

a cqu a i nt a n c e he th o ught I sh o uld b e pl e a s e d t o m a k e It .

w as a t his h o us e th a t I m e t Mr H a sti ngs a nd t he d o ct o rs .

,
2

Pric e a nd Pri e stl e y ; th e re I a ls o fo rm e d a n i ntim a cy with

,
3 4
,

M r Ca nni ng M r R o milly M r R o b e rt S mith M Dum o nt

.
,
5 7
.
6
,
.
, .
,

1
W illi amtty M rquis o fL nsd wn E rl o f S h e l b u ne w s b rn in 1 7 3 7 and
Pe a a o e, a r a o

I n 1 76 1 h e nt r d t h e H o us o f L rds
, , ,

a t first j i ne d o ar m y t he Tw y rs l t e r e e e e o o ea a

H avi ng b e e n C hi e f S cr t ry o f
. .
, ,

he w s app i nt da m e m be r o f th P rivy C u ncil

o e a e o e e a

S t te h w pp i nt d F irst L rd f th Tr sury in 1 782 p st which h re sign d

.

a , e as a o e o o e ea a o e e

in the fo ll o wi ng y e ar U ntil his d e th in 1 804 he r m i n d . fri nd o f F r nce and a , , e a e a e a

bitt e rly pp o s d t P itt s p licy

o e o
’
o .

F r n cis R wd n k no w n succ e ssive ly u nd e r the n am e s o f E rl o f H u nti ngd on

2
a a o a

quis f H asti ngs w b o rn in 1 7 5 4 H e w s d e sc nd d fro m

, ,

E rl f M ir
a o nd M o a, a ar o as a e e

H e e nt re d t he H us e
, .

a N o rm n f m ily s ttl e d in I r e l n d
a a e f L r ds in 1 7 82 and a . e o o o ,

alw ys v t d with t h
a o eWhig p rty H e w succ ssive ly G v rno r G e ne r l o f the
e a . as e o e -
a

E ast I ndi e s nd G o v e rno r f M lt a H e di e d in 1 8 1 6 o a a . .

R ich rd P ric e
3
n E nglish phil o s o ph e r
a nd p litic l writ e r w s b o rn in 1 7 2 3
, a a o a ,
a .

H e studi d fi n nc e s e nd in 1 77 2 he pr o p s e d fo r si n ki ng t h
a , a p b li d b t
, ne w , o ,
e u c e ,
a

syst m which w appli d with succ e ss b y P itt H e w n i nti m t e t r m s with th

e as e . as o a e e

chi f m e m b e rs o f the F r e nch phil o s o phic l p rty e sp ci lly with Turg t nd

e a a , e a o ,
a

displ y d sy m p athy t w rds th

a e R e v luti n H e di d in 1 7 9 1
o a T ll e yr and is e o o . e . a

th f r m ist k e n in ass e rti ng th t h had s e n him duri ng his j urne y t o L nd o n

e re o e a a e e o o ,

s i ng th at h nly visit d the E nglish c pit l s e ve r l m nths ft e r D r P ric e s d th

ee e o e a a a o a
’
ea

J o s ph P ri stl y f m o us E nglish sci e ntist nd phil s ph r b rn in 1 7 3 3 H is

. .

4
e e e a a o o e o

p o litic l nd r ligi us pi ni o ns c m p ll d him t m igr t e t A m ric wh e re he

, , .

a a e o o o e e o e a o e a,

d i e d in 1 804 H e h d b e n e l e ct e d F re nch citiz e n n d h no r ry m e m b e r o f the

. a e a o a

C o nv nti n e o .

G e o rg C nni ng b o rn in L o nd n in 1 7 70 fr o m p are nts o f I rish d e sc e nt I n

5
e a , o , , .

1 79 2 he h d , lr dy disti nguish d hi m s e lf s a sp k r t public m e e ti ngs nd was

a a ea e a ea e a , a

c nsid e r d as o ne f th m o st pr m i ne nt m m b e rs f th Whig p rty I n 1 79 3 he

o e o e o e o e a

sudd nly ch nge d his p litic l cr d w s e l ct d a m e m b e r o fth H us e o f C m m ns

.
,

e a o a ee , a e e e o o o

in 1 794 and b c m e n f th e m o st rd e nt supp o rt e rs o f P itt

e a o He w
e o pp o i nt e d a as a

S e cr t ry o f F r i gn A ff irs in 1 80 7 nd h d to re sign this p o st in 1 809 in co ns

.
,

e a o e a , a a , e

o f a du l with his c ll gu L rd C stl e r gh I n 1 8 1 4 he w s s e nt s

q en
u ce e o ea e, o a ea a a

m b ss d r t L isb o n H e g i n b e c m e C hi e f S e cre t ry o f F o re ig n A fl i s in 1 822

.
,
'

a a a o o . a a a a a r ,

a nd di e d in 1 8 2 7
S mu e l R o m illy f m o us E nglish jurist was b o rn in 1 7 5 7 H e o ft e n visite d
.

6
a ,
a a , .

F r nc e
a nd w n i nti m t t r m s with t he c hi e f writ rs nd st t e s m e n f the ti m e
a as o a e e e a a o .

H us e o f C o m m o ns in 1 8 1 5 and w as l o ud in his pro t e sts ag inst the

,

H n t e r e d th
e e e o ,
a

i m p ris nm nt o f N p o l n H di e d in 1 8 1 8
o e a eo e

S wis s write r b rn t G e ne v in 1 75 9 H e w s P ro t s t nt
. .

P i e rr D u m o nt
7 e ,
a , o a a . a a e a

m i nist e r C ivil w ar c o m p e ll e d him t o l e av e his c o u ntry nd he tr v e ll e d succ e s siv e ly

.
,
a a
TH E C ON VE N TI OI V, TH E D I R E C TOR Y, TH E CON S UL A TE . 171

Mr B e nth am and L o rd H e nry P e tty t he so n o f L o rd L ans

.
,
1 2
,

d o wne w ho at this tim e w as a lre ady l o o k e d up o n a s o ne o f t he

, ,

h o p e s o f E ngl and A ll t he fri e nds o f M r F o x with which . .

,
3

g e ntl e m a n I had o n s e ve ra l o cc a si o ns b e e n o n i ntim at e t e rms , , ,

did th e ir b e st t o re nd e r my st ay in L o nd n as pl e a s ant as o

p o ssibl e My m o rni ngs w e re sp e nt in p e nni ng d o w n my im

.

pre ssi o ns o f t he pre vi o us day a nd wh e n a ft e r my re turn t o , ,

Franc e fro m A m e ric a my fri e nds fo rward e d t o m e all t he no t e s ,

t ak e n duri ng t he tim e I re sid e d in E ngl and I w as e xtre m e ly ,

surpris e d to no tic e t h a t th e y c o uld b e o f no s e rvic e t o m e fo r the

wo rk I a m no w writi ng I t w o uld no w b e imp o ssibl e fo r m e t o .

re l t e the e ve nts o f this p e ri o d I do no t re c o ll e ct th e m ; th e ir

a ,

c o nne cti ng li n k is l st fo r m e o .

B e sid e s my abs e nc e fro m Franc e duri ng t he m o st t e rribl e

,

y e a rs o f t he R e vo luti o n l e ft m e in ig no ra nc e o f t he d e t ails o f its

dre adful e ve nts I c o uld sc rc e ly at th at dist ance disc e r n t h e ir a , ,

bro a d o utli ne s O n t he o th e r h a nd I tur ne d away fro m th e s e .

,

hid e o us sc e ne s in which so much abj e ct spiri t w as mi ngl e d ,

with so much fi e rc e ne ss t o o o ft e n t o b e a bl e t o d e pict the m The ,

.

re ig n o f H e nri I V a nd th at o f L o uis X I V a re k no w n t o us in all . .

th e ir d e t ails but re c e nt e v e nts app e ar c o nfus e d a nd pro bl e m

,

a t ic a l e v e n t o t he v e ry m e n w ho pl ay e d a p a rt in th e m
, th e y
fo ll o w d e ch o th e r wi t h su h rapidity th at e a ch in tur n a lm o st
e a c ,

st amp e d o u t t he re c o ll e c t i o n o f wh at had o ccurre d b e fo r e .

i R ussi i E gl d
n d fi a,lly i F r c i 7 88 H r h m t th chi f l d rs
n n an , an na n an e , n 1 . e e e e e e ea e

o f th e v luti n
Re o o , am o n gst who m M ir b u c o nc rni ng wh o m h e l e ft s
a ea , e om e i nt e re sti ng
m em o irs ( G n v e e a, nd T ll e yr and
a H e w n t b ck t o G ene v
a . e a a in 1 8 1 4, a nd
di d
e in 1 8 29
J r m y B th m E glish writ r d m r list b r i 74 7 di d i 83
.

1
e e en a an n e an o a o n n 1 e n 1 2
H ry P tty M rquis f L sd w
, , , .

2
en f W illi m P tty E rl f S h lb m
e , a o an o n e , so n o a e ,
a o e u e
an d M rquis f L sd wa w b r i 78 I 8 h w
o l ct d m m b r f
an o ne , as o n n 1 0 n 1 0 2, e as e e e e e o
H us f C mm s I 8 6 h w pp i t d C h c ll r f th E xch qu r
.

t h e o e o o on n 1 0 e as a o n e an e o o e e e
r d th H us f L rds i 8 9 I 8 7 h w H m M i ist r i th C b i t
.
,

e nte e e o e o o n 1 0 . n 1 2 ,
e as o e n e n e a ne
of M r C anni ng,
. sh o rtly ft r h e ld th s m fli in th sh rt liv d C b i ne t f
and, a e ,
e a e o
‘
ce e o -
e a o

L rd G o d e rich
o I n 1 83 0 h r nt r d th C b i n t
. L rd P r sid nt f th C u nci l , e e- e e e e a e as o e e o e o ,

r sig ne d in 1 83 4 h e ld the s m o ffic g i n in 1 83 5 nd re m i n d in th t p si ti o n u ntil

e , a e e a a ,
a a e a o

1 84 1 I n 1 84 6 h
. g i n re su m e d o ffic as L o rd P re sid e n t o f the C o uncil nd re tir d
, e a a e ,
a e

t o priv t e life in 1 85 2 a

the s n o f L rd H ll nd S e cr e t ry f S t te
.

3
C h rl e s F o x b rn in 1 74 8 w
a o as o o o a a o a

u nd e r G rg I I A t th ge f ni n t e e n h w s l ct d m m b e r f th H us o f
, , ,

eo e e a o e e a e e e e o e o e

sury H vi ng b e n r e m v d fr m ffic
.
,

C m m o ns
o nd app i n t d L rd o f the T r
, a o e o ea . a e o e o o e

in 1 774 his p w e rs sp e k r wo n fo r him th p siti n fh e d f th Wh ig p rty

o as a a e e o o o a o e a

I n 1 7 82 h e w s pp o i n t e d C hi e f S cr e t ry o f F o r ig n A f
, .

, a a f i rs H lw ys displ y d e a e a . e a a a e

sym p athy t o w rds F r nce nd the R v luti o n nd sh w d hi m s lf d ide d dv rs ry

a a a e o a o e e a ec a e a

k up o ffic e s C hi e f S e cr t ry o f F o r e ig n
,

f M r P itt s p licy I n 1 80 6 h e g i n t
’
o o a a oo a e a

A ff irs nd die d a few m o nths fte r

. .
,

a , a a .
1 72 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

P e rh aps a ls o the m o b l e ave s to o slight a n impri nt o n its wo rk

its d e e ds h ave but a tra nsi e nt e ffe ct a nd t he ch aract e r o f the m e n
,

w ho s e rv e it is such as t o m a k e no impr e ssi o n o n o ne s m e m o ry

’
.

H avi ng liv e d in o bscurity u ntil such day as th e y a pp e a r o n t he

sc e ne th e y re tur n t o it a s s o o n as th e ir p a rt th e re is pl aye d
, .

I c o n fe ss th at it w o uld no t c a us e m e t he slight e st c o nc e r n if
t he d e t a ils o f this a wful c a l a mity w e r e t o l e av e no tra c e in m e n s
’

mi nds fo r th e y a re o f no hist o ric a l imp o rt a nc e I nd e e d wh at

, .
,

t e a chi ngs c o uld m e n d e rive fr o m d e e ds p e rfo rm e d with o ut a im

o r pl a n a nd which w e r e m e r e ly t he o utc o m e o f ruthl e ss a nd
,

u nruly p assi o ns ?
T e a chi ngs o f all ki nds a re rath e r t o b e s o ught in t he k no w
l e dge o f the facts pre c e di ng t he c a t astro ph e a nd fo r t he i nve sti
,

gati e n o f which e ve ry m at e ri a l e xists ; this k no wl e dge will

discl o s e t he num e r o us a nd we ighty c a us e s o f t he re vo luti o n ;
this is t he truly pro fit abl e w ay o f u nfo ldi ng m e n s a cti o ns fo r ’

it b e ars with its e lf l e ss o ns e qu a lly us e ful to s o ve re ig ns to t he ,

upp e r a nd t o the l o we r cl ass e s I h ave r e c o rd e d in th e s e

.

m e m o irs all the e ve nts which o ccurre d in t he tim e cl o s e ly

pre c e di ng th at dre adful uph e ava l with which I was priva t e ly
,

a cqu a i nt e d I a dvis e my c o nt e mp o r a ri e s t o do lik e wis e a nd ,

I fe e l sur e th a t th e y will succ e e d b e tt e r th a n I h av e d o ne .

The study o f th o s e a lre a dy dist a nt d ays p o ss e ss e s it s e e ms t o ,

m e t he i nv a lu abl e a dv ant ag e o f c auti o ni ng us ag a i nst e v e ry

,

fo rm o f i nt o l e ra nc e Wh e n c o nsid e ri ng t he l a st twe nty y e a rs

.

o f t he o ld m o na rchy th e r e is no m a n o f a ny e l e v ati o n o f mi n d
,

a nd g o o d fa ith who o n r e m e mb e ri ng wh at he did o r s a id wh a t

, ,

he wr o t e wh at he bl a m e d o r a ppr o v e d will no t fi nd s o m e
, ,

fault with hims e lf— if this m a n p o ss e ss e d any i nflu e nc e at a ll

I might a lm o st add th at no o ne k no ws a ll t he e x a mpl e s —g o o d
o r b a d—he must h av e se t I thus d e ny th a t it is in t he p o we r
.

o f a ny o f t he m e n I h av e k no w n wh e th e r pri n c e s o r simpl e
,

subj e cts to d e cli ne all sh are o f re sp o nsibility in t he subs e qu e nt

,

o utbr e a k .

I do no t m e an to say th at t he a m o u nt o f h a rm c aus e d by t he
w ant o f fo r e sight o f th e s e m e n was t he s am e in e ve ry c a s e but ,

simply th a t it is in no o ne s p o w e r t o a sc e rt a i n a nd p o i nt o ut
'

e x a ctly t he sh a r e o f r e pr o a ch d e s e rv e d by e a ch The tim e s in

.
1 74 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

th e n e xp e ri e nce d s o m e s atisfacti o n in re fusi ng p e o pl e s

I
’

s e rvic e s : u njust th o ugh p e rs e cuti o n m ay b e th e re a re c o mp o n ,

sa t io ns in it I ne v e r fully a sc e rt a i ne d wh a t my fe e li ngs r e a lly

.

w e re at t he tim e th o ugh the fa ct is I w as s o m e wh a t pl e a s e d

,
.

I t s e e ms t o m e th a t in th e s e d ays o f g e ne r a l misfo rtu ne I

, ,

sh o uld a lm o st h ave re gre tt e d no t b e i ng p e rs e cute d t o o .

W e s a il e d at l a st O n t he s e c o nd day o f o u r v o yage a ft e r
.
,

h avi ng b ut j ust l e ft t he Th am e s w e m e t with a vi o l e nt st o rm I , .

w as th e n b e tw e e n E ngl a nd a nd Fr a nc e which i nd e e d c o n stitut e d , , ,

o ne o f t he m o st critic a l p o siti o n s in which a ny o ne c o uld b e

pl a c e d I c o u ld se e Fra nc e
. my h e ad w as in d ange r th e re
.

I ra n no imm e di at e risk by r e tur ni ng t o E ngl a nd but it ,

wo uld h ave b e e n far t o o re pug nant t o m e t o s o licit t he h o spit a lity

o f a g o v e r n m e n t w ho had tri e d t o w o u nd m e .

F o rtu nat e ly the d ange r w e we re ru nni ng w as no tic e d o n sh o re

, ,

a nd i nduc e d s o m e F a lm o u t h light e rm e n t o br a v e t he fury o f t he

se a a nd c o m e t o o u r a ssist a nc e With th e ir h e lp w e m anage d .

,

t o r e ach t he h a rb o ur Whilst o u r ship — a ll t he riggi ng o f which

.
,

w a s much d a m a ge d —w as b e i ng r e p a ir e d a r a th e r striki n g
, ,

i ncid e nt a dd e d a n impre ssi o n o f a sp e ci a l ki nd t o t he m a ny I

w as t o e xp e ri e nc e in t he c o urs e o f this v o ya g e The i nnk e e p e r .

a t wh o s e pl a c e I had my m e a ls i nfo rm e d m e th a t o ne o f his ,

l o dge rs w a s a n A m e ric a n ge ne ra l Th e r e up o n I e xpre ss e d t he .

,

d e sire o f s e e i ng th a t ge ntl e m a n and sh o rtly a ft e r I w as i ntro , , ,

du ce d t o him A ft e r t he usu a l e xch a ng e o f gr e e ti ngs I put t o

.
,

him s e ve ral qu e sti o ns c o nce rni ng his c o u ntry but fro m the fi rst , , ,

it s e e m e d t o m e th a t my i nquiri e s a nno ye d him H avi ng s e ve ra l .

tim e s va i nly e nd e avo ure d t o re ne w t he c o nve rs ati o n which he ,

a lwa ys a ll o w e d t o dr o p I v e ntur e d t o r e qu e st fr o m him

,

s o m e l e tt e rs o f i ntro ducti o n t o his fri e nds in A m e ric a

he r e pli e d and a ft e r a fe w m o m e nts o f sil e nc e no tici ng my
, ,

surpris e he add e d I a m p e rh aps t he o nly A m e ric an w ho

, ,
“

c anno t give yo u l e tte rs fo r his o w n c o u ntry a ll t he r e l ati o n s .

I had th e re a re no w br o k e n I must ne v e r r e tur n t o t he S t a t e s

”
. .

H e da r e d no t t e ll m e his na m e I t w as G e ne r a l A r no ld ! .I 1

r l A r no ld h d b e n s ent e nc e d t d th duri ng the W r f I nd p nde nc e

1
G e ne a a e o ea a o e e
f r h m g fur nish e d t he E nglish W i t h i nfo r m ati o n c nc e r ni ng th p o siti o ns h e ld b y
o av o e
th U nit d S t at e s tr o ps
e e o .
TH E C ON VE N TI OI V, TH E DI R E C TOR Y ,
TH E C OTVS UL A TE
’
. 1 75

must c o nfe ss th a t I fe lt much pity fo r him fo r which p o litic a l ,

purit ans will p e rh aps bl a m e m e but with which I do no t re pro a ch ,

mys e lf fo r I wit ne ss e d his ago ny

,
.

W e l e ft Fa lm o uth with a fav o urabl e wi nd A ll t he p ass e nge rs .

we re o n d e ck a nd l o o ki ng in t he dire cti o n o f the sh o re th e y

, , ,

a ll s a id with e vid e nt pl e a sur e I still se e t he l and “ ”

,
I w as : .

t he o n ly o ne w ho fe lt r e li e v e d o n s e e i ng it no l o ng e r The se a .
,

a t t his m o m e n t p o ss e ss e d sp e ci a l ch a rms f
,
or m e t he s e ns ati o ns

I d e riv e d fr o m it w e r e p a rticul a rly suit e d t o my disp o si t i o n .

W e had b e e n s aili ng fo r s e v e r a l w e e ks wh e n o ne m o r ni ng , ,

t he w o rd I fe a r e d L a nd L and l o udly sh o ut e d by the p e o pl e

“
,

o n b o a rd r o us e d m e fr o m my sl e e p
,
The c apt a i n t he cr e w a nd .
,

t he p a ss e ng e rs a ll displ ay e d t he m o st liv e ly j o y O n r e a chi n g .

t he d e ck I saw t he pil o t w ho w as t o t a k e us up t he D e l aw a r e
, ,

,
—
a n d a t t he s a m e tim e no tic e d a n o u t b o u n d ship st e e ri ng r o u nd
,

t he h e a dl a nd H avi ng a sc e rt a i ne d fr o m o u r pil o t th a t this ship

.

w as b o u nd fo r Ca lcutt a I th e re and th e n d e sp atch e d a b o at t o

,

h e r c a p t a i n in o rd e r t o i n quir e wh e th e r he had r o o m fo r o ne
,

m o re p ss e nge r The ship s d e sti nati o n w as o f no c o ns e qu e nc e

a .
’

t o m e ; she w a s g o i ng o n a l o ng v o y a g e a nd my o bj e ct w as if , ,

p o ssibl e t o avo id l andi ng U nfo rtu na t e ly t he c apt ai n b e i ng

, .
,

u nabl e t o a cc o mm o d at e m e I had no ch o ic e l e ft but t o submit t o ,

b e i ng t a k e n t o Phil ad e lphi a .

O n l andi ng in th t city my mi n d w as t o t a lly i ndiffe r e nt to

a ,

t he no v e lti e s which a s a rul e e xcit e t he i nt e r e st o f tr av e ll e rs

, I , .

h ad t he gr e at e st tr o ubl e in r o usi ng my curi o sity I m e t in .

Phil ad e lphi a M C ase no v e a Dutch g e ntl e m an wh o m I had k no w n

.
,

in P a ris M C a se no v e w as a m an o f a r at h e r e nlight e ne d th o ugh

. .
,

sl o w mi nd a nd o f a timid a nd m o st c are l e ss nature B oth h is

, , .
‘

qu a liti e s and his d e fe cts m ad e him ve ry us e ful to m e A s he .

n e v e r pr e ss e d m e t o do a nythi ng a n d hims e lf fe lt i nt e re st e d in ,

but fe w thi ngs I had no o cc asi o n t o re sist him M e e ti ng with

, .

n e i t h e r o pp o siti o n a dvic e no r dir e cti o n my i n sti n ct a l o ne guid e d

, ,

m e ; thus I w as le d gr du a lly t o c o nt e mpl a t e m o r e a tt e ntiv e ly

a

t he gra nd sight u n d e r my e y e s .

O nly tw e lv e y e ars ha d e l a ps e d si nc e t he U nit e d S t a t e s had

c e as e d t o b e a c o l o ny a nd the ye a rs o f th e ir i nd e p e nd e nce had
,

b e e n l o st as far a s pro gre ss in m at e ri a l pro sp e rity was c o nc e rne d ,

1 76 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I rVCE TA LL E YR A N D .

o wi ng t o the i ne ffici e ncy o f th e ir fi rst c o nstituti o n The b as e s .

o f public trust no t h avi ng b e e n pr o p e rly d e fi ne d a p a p e r m o ne y ,

-
,

m o re o r l e ss discre dit e d ro us e d e ve ryb o dy s cupidity e nc o urage d ,

’

d e c e it disturb e d a ll trans acti o ns a nd c aus e d t he i nstituti o ns

, ,

which had b e e n re nd e re d ne c e ss a ry by t he r e c e nt i nd e p e nd e nc e
o f t he c o u ntry t o b e l o st sight o f I t w as o nly in 1 7 89 at t he .
,

tim e o ft he ne w fe d e ra l c o nstituti o n th a t pro p e rty in the U nit e d ,

S t at e s b e gan t o r e st o n truly s o lid fo u nd a ti o ns th at s o ci a l ,

gu arant e e s s e curi ng t he s afe ty o f fo re ig n i nt e rc o urs e we re sh ap e d ,

a nd th a t t he g o v e r n m e nt o f t h e y o u ng nati o n w as a dmitt e d t o

r ank with o ld e r p o we rs .

This is t he tru e d at e o f t he fo u nd ati o n o f the U nit e d S t at e s .

I w as still h au nt e d by my l o v e fo r t he se a a nd I a lm o st ,

fo rgo t I w as no l o nge r s aili ng o n it wh e n I fo u nd mys e lf in th at ,

v a st c o u ntry wh e re wh at e ve r I saw re mi nd e d m e o f no thi ng

,

I had s e e n b e fo r e .

I nt e ndi ng t o tir e mys e lf I m ad e up my mi nd t o l e av e ,

Phil ad e lphi a and th e re fo re pro p o s e d t o M de B e a um e tz a nd to a

,
.
1

D utch ge ntl e m an o f the na m e o f H e yde co p e r t o trave l i nl a nd

, ,

with m e Th e y b o th a cc e pt e d and I must c o nfe ss th at I w as

.
,

pl e a s e d with t he u nd e rt aki ng fro m t he b e gi nni ng I w as struck .

with a st o nishm e nt ; at l e ss th an a hu ndre d and fi fty mil e s dis

t anc e fro m t he c apit a l all tra c e o f m e n s pr e s e nc e dis app e are d
,
’

nature in all h e r prim e v a l vig o u r c o nfr o nt e d us F o r e sts o ld as t he .

wo rld its e lf d e c aye d pl ants a nd tre e s c o ve ri ng t he v e ry gro u nd

wh e re th e y o nc e gre w in lu xuri anc e o th e rs sh o o ti ng fo rth fro m
u nd e r t he d oris o f t he fo rm e r a nd lik e th e m d e sti ne d t o d e c ay
o
’

a nd ro t ; thick a nd i ntric a t e bush e s t h a t o ft e n b a rr e d o u r p ro

gre ss ; gre e n a nd luxuri ant grass d e cki ng t he b anks o f rive rs ;

l a rg e natura l m e ad o ws strang e a nd d e lic at e fl o we rs quit e
ne w t o m e ; a nd h e r e a nd th e r e t he tr a c e s o f fo rm e r t o r nad o e s

th a t had c a rri e d e ve rythi ng b e fo r e th e m E no rm o us tre e s all .

,

m o we d d o w n in t he s a m e dire cti o n e xt e ndi ng fo r a c o nsid e r ,

abl e dist a n c e b e a r wit ne ss t o t he w o nd e rful fo rc e o f th e s e t e rribl e

,

ph e no m e na O n re a chi ng high e r gro u nd o u r e y e s w and e re d

.
, ,

1
M d B u m tz w b r i
e ea 7 69 H w m m b r fth S v r ig C u cil
e as o n n 1 e as a e e o e o e e n o n
f A rt is th S t t s G
. .

o oA d puty s r l h v t d with th C stituti l p rty

e to e a e -
e ne a e o e e on o na a .

w t t E gl d d th nc t th U it d S t t s d
.
,

H e em igr t d i 79 a e n 1 2, en o n an , an e e o e n e a e an to
In di wh re he di e d
a, e .
 1 78 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

w e no w a dmire we re but t e n but fi ve but a c o upl e o f ye a rs ago

, , , ,

m e r e wild e r ne ss e s o f fo re st S imil a r c aus e s must pr o duc e simil a r

.

ef fe cts e sp e ci a lly wh e n a cti ng with e v e r i ncr e a si ng p o we r

, Th e .

p o pul a ti o n o f t he S t a t e s will th e re fo re d a ily re cl a im s o m e fre sh

p o rti o n o f th e s e f ll o w sp a c e s t he a re a o f which far surp ass e s
a ,

th at o f t he gro u nd a t pre s e nt cultivat e d .

H avi ng s a t e d mys e lf with th e s e id e a s o r r ath e r impr e ssi o ns , ,

my mi nd b e i ng ne ith e r fr e e no r a ctiv e e no ugh to i nduc e m e t o

write a b o o k I r e tur ne d t o city —life wishi ng at t he s a m e tim e
, ,

th at a co nsid e rabl e p o rti o n o f the c a pit a l th at t o o k re fuge

in A m e ric a might th e r e b e d e v o t e d t o cl e a ri ng and tilli ng t he
,

gro u nd o n a l a rge sc a l e .

A ne w na ti o n wh o s e m anne rs with o ut g o i ng thr o ugh t he

, ,

sl o w pro c e ss o f civiliz ati o n t a k e s p att e r n fr o m t he a lre ady re fi ne d

,

ways o f Euro p e st ands in ne e d o f t he t e a chi ngs o f t he grand

,

sch o o l o f natur e fo r agriculture is the b asis o n which a ll S t at e s

,

a re fo u n d e d I t is I a dmit with t he e c o no mists a gricultur e th a t

.
, ,

fo rms t he chi e f we a lth o f t he s o ci a l st at e th a t t e a ch e s re sp e ct fo r

,

pr o p e rty a nd wa r ns us th a t w e are bli nd t o o u r o w n i nt e re sts wh e n

,

e v e r w e i nt e rfe r e with t h o s e o f o th e r p e o pl e it is agriculture

th at cl e a rly p o i nts o ut to us t he i ndisp e ns abl e c o rr e l ati o n
e xisti ng b e twe e n t he duti e s a nd t he rights o f m e n by bi ndi ng
t he till e r o f t he s o il t o his fi e ld it bi nds m e n t o th e ir c o u ntry
, .

The fi rst a tt e mpts at a gricultur e t e a ch us t he ne c e ssity o f t he

divisi o n o f l ab o ur th a t m arve ll o us s o urc e o f a ll m anife st a
,

ti o ns o f public and privat e pro sp e rity agricul t ure go e s d e e ply

e no ugh i nt o t he he a rts a nd i nt e r e sts o f m e n t o i n duc e th e m t o

se e in a n um e r o us fa mily so much a dditi o na l w e a l t h whil e by ,

t e a chi ng re sig nati o n it subj e cts o u r i nt e ll e ct t o t he supre m e and

,

u nive rs a l rul e s th at re gul at e the wo rld Fro m a ll this I i nfe r th at.

,

agricultur e a l o ne c a n put a st o p to re vo luti o ns b e c aus e it is t he ,

o n ly pursuit th a t us e fully e mpl o ys all t he c a p abiliti e s o fm e n th a t ,

imp a rts t o th e m c a lm ne ss a nd m o d e rati o n with o ut i ndiffe re nc e ,

th at i nculc at e s re sp e ct fo r th a t e xp e ri e nc e whi ch e nabl e s m e n t o

c o ntro l t he r e sults o f the ir ne w e xp e rim e nts ; which in sh o rt , ,

furnish e s c o nst ant pr o o fs o f t he gra nd re sults t o b e o bt a i ne d

by simpl e re gul ar wo rk and which ne ithe r hurri e s no r d e l ays
,

in a nythi ng .
TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E D I R E C TOR Y ,
TH E CON S UL A TE . 1 79

Intim e s o f re vo luti o ns ra sh ne ss is re ga rd e d s skill nd ,

a ,
a

e x agg e r a ti o n gr at ne ss To p u t a st 0 p t o t h e m ir u m sp
as e .
,
c c ec

ti o n must re pl c e a ud ci t y a nd gre t ne ss will th e n lie in m d e r

a a ,
a o

a ti o n a n d skill in prud e n c e
,
A g o v e r n m e nt which is t he fri e n d .
,

o f lib e rty a nd a v e rs e t o disturbi ng t he tr a n quilli t y o f t he w o rld ,

must strive t o a t with m o d e ra ti o n A n a gricultura l nati o n

c .

s e ttl e s d o w n it d o e s no t wish fo r c o nqu e sts C o mm e rc e o n

,
.
,

t he o th e r h and a lw ays l o ngs fo r i ncr e a s e o f t e rrit o ry

,
.

A ft e r t he Fr e nch R e v o lu t i o n c o mm e rci al tr ans a cti ns with ,

o

fo re ign c o u ntri e s m e t wi t h t o o m a ny o bst a cl e s t o e nabl e th e m t o

b e c o m e t he chi e f pursuit o f t he c o u ntry and th e re fo re t o e x e r ,

cis e a ny i nflu e nc e o n t he m anne rs o f the Fr e nch p e 0 p 1e but if ,

in c ns e qu e nc e o f t he e xci t e m e nt a nd v i n dr e a ms subsisti ng in
o a

m e n s mi nds t he nati o n a s th e re is t o o much re s n t o fe a r

’

, ,
a o ,

tur ns its vi e ws t o sp e cul ati o n in public fu nds t h at will i nd e e d ,

b e a v e ry gr e at e vil b e c aus e in o p e r a ti o n s o f this ki n d d e c e it is

,

t o o much r e s o rt e d t o a n d t he a tt e ndi ng rui n o r fo rtu ne t o o

,

rapid .

The A m e ric a n g o v e r n m e nt a ll o we d its e lf t o b e t o o e a sily

i nflu e nc e d by t he ge o gr phic a l situ ati o n o f t he S t a t e s it g ave
a

t o o much e nc o ur a g m e n t t o t he spirit o f e nt e rpris e f r in o rd e r

e ,
o ,

t o i ncre as e its p pul ati o n A m e ric a anne x e d L o uisi a na ; it will

o ,

no w b e o blig e d t o a nne x t he Fl o rid s C o mm e rc e r e quir e s p o rts a .

a nd h a rb o urs fr o m t he S a i nt e C r o ix riv e r ne a r t he S a i nt -

L awre nc e t o t he Gulf o f M e xic o ye t ni ne t e nt hs o f the fi ve

, ,
-

hu ndr e d milli o ns o f a cre s c o mp o si ng t he t e rrit o ry o f N o rth

A m e ric a a re still u ntill e d To o much a c t ivity is d e v o t e d t o .

busi ne ss and no t e no ugh t o fa rmi ng ; a nd th a t first impuls e

,

giv e n t o all the id e as o f t he c o u ntry u ns e ttl e s its s o ci a l e s t blish a

m e nt Y u ne e d o nly trave l a b are hu ndre d mil e s i nl a nd t o se e

. o

p e o pl e p ayi ng in ki nd fo r wh at e ve r th e y buy whilst o th e rs draw ,

bills o n t he first m ark e ts o f Euro p e the c o ntrast is t o o sh o cki ng

it is t he sympt o m o f a s o ci al dis e a s e .
1

I saw six ty mil e s fr o m B o st o n six th o us and fe e t o f timb e r

, ,

1
It m be ust
b rne in m i nd th t th uth o r o f th s M m o irs w s tr v e lli ng in the
o a e a e e e a a

St t s
a e b ck 1 794 nd th r f r l ng b f r th gr t i nflux f m igr ti o n
as far a as a e e o e o e o e e ea o e a

th t i nduc e d so m ny G rm n nd I rish gricultur l l b o u rs t g t A m e rica wh r

,

t h y p rfo rm e d the t ask p i nt e d t t o the A m ric ns by P ri nce T ll e yr nd —( M d

a e a a a a a re o o o , e e
e e o ou e a a a e
B a cou rt .
)
1 80 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

e xch ange d fo r a bull o ck a nd in B o sto n its e lf twe nty p o u nds , , ,

p aid fo r a Fl o re nc e straw hat .

A t Fr e nchm an s B y o n t he b o rd e r o f t he E a st e r n S t a t e s a
’
a , ,

vi o l e nt st o rm h avi ng c o mp e ll e d m e t o st o p at M chi as I e nt e r e d a
1
,

i nt o c o nve rs ati o n wi t h the m an a t wh o s e h o us e I w a s st ayi ng I t .

w as i nd e e d t he b e st h o us e in t he district a nd as p e 0 p 1e say in , ,

this c o u ntry t he l ndl o rd w as a m o t r p ecta ble m a n H avi ng

,
a s es .

e xh a ust e d t he ch a pt e r r e l a tiv e t o t he v a lu e a nd pric e o f l a nd I ,

a sk e d him wh e th e r he h ad e v e r b e e n t o Phil a d e lphi a H e r e pli e d .

th at he had no t ye t d o ne so H e w as a m an o f ab o ut fo rty fi v e .
-

y e a rs o f age I sc a rc e ly d a r e d t o ask him wh e th e r he k ne w

G e ne r al Wa shi ngt o n
.

I h av e ne ve r s e e n him h e s a id “ ” “
. If , .

o u sh o uld g o t o Phil a d e lphi a w t will pl s ed

”
y I e n on y o u b e e a , ,

t o se e th a t gr e a t m an Why ye s I sh a ll but he add e d with ”

, , ,

a n e xcit e d c o u nt e nan c e I sh o uld v e ry much lik e t o se e M r “

,
.

Bi ngh am w ho th e y say is so w e a lthy

, , , .
”

Thro ugh o ut all the S t a t e s I m e t with a simil a r l o ve fo r m o ne y ,

v e ry o ft e n quit e as c o a rs e ly e xpre ss e d The c o u ntry w as t o o s o o n .

a cqu ai n t e d with luxuri e s The l att e r a re i n d e e d ridicul o us wh e n

.
, ,

m e n c a n h a rdly pr o vid e th e ms e lv e s with t he ne c e ss a ri e s o f life .

I r e c o ll e ct h avi ng s e e n in t he dr a wi ng r o o m o f Mrs R o b e rt -
.

M o rris a hat m anufacture d in the birth pl a ce o f t he m a st e r o f

,
-

t he h o us e c are fully l a id o n an e l e ga nt S evre s chi na t abl e

, ,

b o ught at Tri a no n by s o m e A m e ric an A n Euro p e a n p e a s ant .

wo uld sc a rc e ly h ave c o ns e nt e d t o we a r such a hat .

O n t he b a n ks o f t he O hi o M r S mith p o ss e ss e d a r e sid e nc e , .

k no w n in t he c o u ntry by t he na m e o f log nonse The wa lls o f it -

.

we re fo rm e d with ro ugh tre e s The dr awi ng ro o m c o nt ai ne d a .

-

pi a no fo rt e e nrich e d wi t h m o st b e autiful bro nz e s M de B e a u . .

m e tz h avi ng o p e ne d it Mr S mith s a id t o him Pl e as e do no t , .

,

a t t e mpt t o pl ay f o r t he m a n w ho tu ne s it liv e s a hu ndr e d mil e s

,

fro m h e re and he has no t c o m e this y e a r

, .
” 2

1
s m ll tr di ng p o rt in th S t t e o f M ai ne
M achi as a a e a

S v r l i ncid e nts c nne cte d with this j urn y l e ft i m pre ssi ns th t are ye t pre s nt
, .

2
e e a o o e o a e

t o m y m i nd To kill ti m e is n t
. e sy as p e o pl e g n r lly thi nko sp ci lly wh e n
so a e e a ,
e e a

n s m i nd is ctiv nd full f appre h nsi n t o n ws fr m n s c u ntry Und r

’ ’
o e a e a o e o as e o o e o . e

such ci cu m st nc s i m pre ssi ns n nly b e pro duc d by m t ri l f cts To b

r a e , o ca o e a e a a . e

ri di ng thr ugh a l rg wil d fo re st to l s e o n s w y in it in th m iddl e o f the night

o a e , o e
’
a e ,

a nd t c ll to n s c m p ani o n in o rd e r to sc e rt i n th t yo re n t m issi ng e ch o th e r
o a o e
’
o a a a u a o a

all this giv e s i m pr e ssi o ns i m p o ssi bl e t d e fi ne b e cause e ach i ncid e nt re fl e ct s c o m ic lly

o ,
a
1 82 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

a nd ch ara ct e r pl a c e d him I th o ught o n a p ar with the m o st

, ,

dis t i nguish e d st at e sm e n o f Euro p e no t e v e n e xc e pti ng M r Pitt ,

.

a nd M r F o x . .

A s I r e m a rk e d a b o v e I had no tic e d whilst tr av e lli ng in t he

, ,

S t at e s th a t a gricultur e w as l e ss e n c o ur g e d t h a n c o mm e rc e th at
,
a , ,

h avi ng t o ch o o s e b e tw e e n t wo s o urc e s o f pro sp e rity go ve r nm e nt ,

had ch o s e n th a t t h e sc a l e sh o uld fa ll in fav o ur o f c o mm e rc e a nd , ,

still m o r e r e c e ntly ha d e mph siz e d this i nt e nti o n by addi ng t o

,
a ,

a ll t h e r e a l w e a lth o f t h e ir c o u ntry t he fi ctiti o us o ne pr o cur e d by

a ll t he b a nki ng e st blishm e nts which h av e spru ng up e v e rywh e r e

a ,

in t he S t a t e s a nd which s e rv e e xclusiv e ly t h e e n ds o f c o mm e rc e
,
.

S uch a n impuls e o nc e st a rt e d v a n ity a nd cupidity c o uld no t fail ,

s o o n t o d e no u nc e prud e nc m o d e ra ti o n o r simpl e pr o bity as e, , ,

n a rr o w vi e ws By o v e rthro wi ng t h b a rri e rs fo rm e rly r ais e d

. e

by t he m e tr o p o lis which c e ntra liz e d a ll the pr o ducts o f its

.

c o l o ni e s o n its o w n m a rk e t s a nd se t its o w n rul e s t o th e ir ,

sp e cul ati o ns the U nit e d S t a t e s t a k e a bl e a dva nt age o f t he

,

p o siti o n a nd p o we r th at th e ir i nd e p e nd e nc e has o bt ai ne d fo r
th e m Th e y s e nd t o all t he m a rk e ts o f t he o ld wo rld u m
.

e xp e ct e d qu a nt i t i e s o f a ll s o rts o f g o o ds t he a rriv a l o f which , ,

by a lt e ri ng pric e s bri ngs b o ut c o mm e rci l cris e s imp o ssibl e t o

,
a a

a v o id The chi e f c a us e o f a ll th e s e p e rturb a ti o ns pr o c e e ds fr o m

.

t he gr e a t dist a nc xisti ng b e twe n t he e ast e r n a nd s o uth e r n

e e e

p o rts o f the S t a t e s wh e nc e th o us a nds o f ships l o a d e d with

,

simil a r pro duc t s st a rt e v e ry y e a r o n a lm o st t he s a m e day b o u nd , ,

fo r all t he p o rts o f Eur o p e Thus fo r a l o ng tim e t o c o m e the

.
, ,

c o mm e rc e o f A m e ric a t o Euro p e will b e l e ft t o ch nc e a .

Duri ng the l o ng e ve ni ngs o f my st ay in t he S t a t e s a lways ,

thi nki ng o f my u nfo rtu nat e c o u nt ry wh o s e tro ubl e s so d e e ply ,

a fflict e d m e I o ft e n c o nsid e r e d wh a t h e r futur e pr o sp e cts w e r e

,

lik e ly t o b e I th e n s o ught the m e a ns o f re m o vi ng o r at l e a st

.
,

o f dimi nishi ng t he o bst a cl e s which pr e v e nt e d t he e st ablishm e nt

,

o f mutu a lly a dv a nt ag e o us c o mm e rci a l r e l a ti o ns .

I fully r e a liz e d ho w idl e t he w a nd e ri ngs o f my im agi nati o n

w e re ; ye t th e y pl e as e d m e To put o ff c o nj e ctur e s as re a s o n . .
,

F i n nc e s
a r e sign d this p o st fro m his o wn fr e will in 1 7 95 I n 1 79 8 wh n
He e e e

H m ilt n was pp i nt d G e n r l
.
, , .
,

w ar w as on th e p i nt o f br e ki ng o t with F r nc
o a u a e, a o a o e e a .

He w askil le d six y e ars l at e r ( 1 804) in a du e l with C o l o ne l Burr Vice P re sid e nt o f ,

-

t he U nit e d S t t e s
a .
 TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y, THE C ON S UL A TE . 1 83

dict at e d u ntil such tim e as t he e xp e ct e d qu a rre l o f S p a i n with

,

h e r c o l o ni e s sh o uld b e s e ttl e d w as t o d e l a y o ne s h o p e s t o o
’
1
,

l o ng fo r o nly a fte r t he issu e o f this qu a rre l c an the m a ritim e

,

a nd c o mm e rci l i nt e re sts o f t he gr e a t p o we rs a ssum e a r e gul a r

a

c o urs e Thus my h o p e s o f re gul ati o n we re d a ily disturb e d by

.

a ll t he e v e nts t a k ing pl a c e u nd e r my e y e s .

I n 1 7 9 4 I wit ne ss e d t he r e tur n o f t he first A m e ric an tr a di ng

,

e xp e diti o n t B e nga l ; t he ship o w ne rs c o nne c t e d with it we re

o

l a rge ly r p a id fo r th e ir o utl a y a nd in t he fo ll o wi ng y e a r fo urt e e n

e , ,

A m e ric an v e ss e ls st rt e d fo r I ndi a fr o m diffe re nt p o rts in o rd e r

a ,

t o o bt i n a sh a r e o f t he e no rm o us pr o fits s e cur e d by t he E nglish

a

c o mp any Th e re is a s o rt o f h o stility in the sudd e n app e a ranc e

.

o f A m e ric a n c o mp e titi o n This c o mp e titi o n imm e a surably in

.

cr e a s e s t he risks o f c o mm e rc e a nd thus skilful c o mbi nati o ns ,

a re s ld o m re wa rd e d by c o mp e ns ati ng r e sults A ll this has

e .

c o m e in tim e s wh e n t he gro w t h o f p o pul at i o n in a ll civiliz e d

c o u ntri e s is addi ng d a ily t o the o rdi na ry stim ulus o f hum an
,

p assi o ns th a t o f t h fr e sh wants it cre at e s e .

A ll th e s e c o nsid e r a ti o ns m a k e it e xc e e di ngly di fficult t o fo r e

se e t he futur e a nd w e ll n igh imp o ssibl e t o dir e ct its c o urs e
,
-
.

Y e t e v e rythi ng s e e ms e a sy t o a m an driv e n fr o m his c o u ntry

a nd o blige d t o put up a t a n in n o r r e sid e in i ndiff e r e n t l o dgi ngs :

it d o e s no t s e e m quit e so e a sy t o him who is qui e tly s e at e d

u nd e r his o w n ro o f I th e re fo re t o o k a dva nt age o f the disp o si
.

ti o n o f mi nd i nt o which my na rro w qu a rt e rs thre w m e t o

i ndulge in high p o litics a nd se t the wo rld t o rights H avi ng .
,

lik e a go o d m e mb e r o f t he Co nstitu e nt A ss e mbly w aive d the ,

qu e sti o n o f t he ch a ra ct e rs o f m e n I had re c o urs e t o a p hilo so p hi ,

c a l spirit a nd d e vis e d a ne w g e ne r a l c o d e o f t he law o f nati o ns

, ,

which a ft e r h avi ng e st ablish e d t he b a l ance o f the i nt e r e sts o f

,

na ti o ns a nd o f i ndividu a ls sh o uld u nit e th e m fo r t he p o litic a l a nd

,

re cipro c a l b e ne fit o f t he p o we rs a nd i ntr duc e lib e ra l e qu a lity ,

o

i nt o t h e ir h abitu a l i nt e rc o urs e I e v e n fa ncy th a t I w a o n

'

. s

t he p o i nt o f a pplyi ng t he syst e m o f t he ec o no mists o n fr e e

trad e a nd t he a b o liti o n o f cust o ms which must ne e ds be c o m ,

1
This s ttl e m nt w s the e m ncip ti o n f the S p nish co l o ni s
e e a a a o a e of which M e xic o
Sp i
,

w as th e first to t hr w ff th y o k e of t he m tr p lis in 1 8 1 0
o e o e o o In 1 824, a n
p ss e ss e d n l ng r n y t rrit ry o n the co nti ne nt o f A m e ric
.
,

o o o e a e o a.
1 84 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

pris e d in my sp e cul ative id e a s wh e n at the ve ry m o m e nt I was

, ,

e nga g e d in tryi ng t o s o lv e t he pr o bl e m a n e w t a riff o f cust o ms , ,

a d o p t ed by t he A m e ric a n C o ngr e ss o n t he m o ti o n o f my fri e n d ,

H a mil t o n c a m e i nt o fo rc e
, The e a rly c o nve rs ati o ns I had had
.
1

with the l e a rne d g e ne ra l dwe lt o n this br anch o f t he A m e ric a n

a dmi nistr a ti o n Y o ur e c o no mists he s aid t o m e m ad e a gra nd , ,

dre a m but it is t he chim e ric a l e x agge rati o n o f p e o pl e wh o s e

,

i nt e nti o ns we r e g o o d Th e o re tic a lly he a dd e d th e ir syste m

.
,
”
,

might p e rh ps b e c o nt e st e d a nd its u ns o u nd n e ss e xp o s e d ; but

a

w e must l e av e th e m th e ir pl e as a nt illusi o ns t he pr e s e n t st a t e o f
t he a ffa irs o f this w o rld su ffic e s t o pr o v e th at a t l e a st fo r t he ,

no nc e th e ir pl a n c a nno t b e c a rri e d o ut
, le t us b e s a tisfi e d with
this fa ct I did no t m a k e a v e ry fi rm st and in fav o ur o f t he
.
”

e c o no mists
ye t I c o uld sc a rc e ly m a k e up my mi n d t o a cc e pt t he
,

id e a th at th e re c o uld e xist lib e ra l c o mbi nati o ns th a t did no t

“

re sult in mutu al adva nt age s fo r a ll c o mm e rci a l nati o ns Phil an .

t hr0 p ic c o n c e pti o ns rush t o t he mi nd wh e n o ne is a n o utl aw .

M r H amilt o n did no t s e e m t o m e t o r ej e ct so p e re mpt o ri ly

.

t he p o ssibility o f a ll i ndustri e s b e i ng s o m e day p e rm ane ntly , ,

divid e d a m o ng t he na ti o ns o f t he w o rld .

Euro p e s a id I t o him is a cqu a i nt e d with a nd cultivat e s a ll

, , , ,

branch e s o f a rt a nd e xc e ls in t he m a nufa cture o f all a rticl e s o f

,

luxury as in e ve rythi ng th at t e nds t o m ak e life m o re pl e a s a nt

,

a nd agr e e abl e .

The ne w wo rld p o ss e ss e s a ki nd o f w e alth p e culi a r t o its e lf

its cro ps will a lways surp ass th o s e o f a ny riva l nati o n in
qu anti t y .

M ight no t th e re fo re t he distributi o n o f th e s e t w o m o d e s o f
, ,

a pplyi ng m e n s a bili t i e s s e rv e a t l e a st fo r a c o nsid e r a bl e tim e t o

’

c o m e as t he m e a sure and b a sis o f t he re l ati o ns th a t must me ce s

,

sa rily spri ng up b e tw e e n na ti o ns s o m e o f which d a ily r e quir e t o ,

buy t he m o st usu a l ne c e ss a ri e s o f life at a m o d e rat e c o st whilst ,

o th e rs a re a nxi o us t o a cquir e a ll th a t t e nds t o m a k e life m o re

pl e as a nt and agre e a bl e
Might no t this natura l b al anc e furnish a va st gro u nd fo r
1
Th e re is a curi o u s c o i ncid e nce b tw e n this f ct and th t f th e s e M m o i rs
e e a a o e

app e ri ng t al m o st the v e ry m m e nt o fthe d pti n f the bil l f M j r M c Kinle y

a a o a o o o o a o ,

which s m s to pro v e th t the traditi o ns f A m e ric n c n m ists o f the e arly sch o l

ee a o a e o o o

still p o sse ss nume ro u s advo c at e s in the S t at e s .

1 86 TH E i lI E IldOI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c o u ntry with o ut a ny o th e r aim t h an th at o f b e i ng a way fro m

,
1

e ith e r Fr a n c e o r E ngl a n d a n d imp e ll e d by t he s o l e i nt e r e st o f ,

s e e i ng with my o w n e y e s t he gr e at A m e ric a n na ti o n wh o s e hist o ry

is o nly b e gi nni ng .

The u n ce rt i nty in which t he ne ws fr o m Euro p e l e ft my future

a

pro sp e cts i nduc e d m e t o l au nch in a sp e cul ati o n which b e i ng

, ,

c a rri e d o n with skill a nd e c o no my might h av e pro ve d m o st p ro fit ,

a bl e I m d e up my mi n d t o g o t o t he E a st I ndi e s o n b o a rd a
. a

ship I had ch a rt e re d a nd in the c a rgo o f which s e ve ra l imp o rt ant

,

Phil ad e lphi a fi rms a nd s o m e Dutch c apit a lists ha d a n i nt e re st .

My v e ss e l w as l o ad e d ; a nd I w as ab o ut t o st a rt wh e n a d e cre e ,

fro m t he Co nve nt io n p e rm it t ing m e t o re turn t o Franc e r e a ch e d, ,

me .This m e a sur e w as quit e u ns o licit e d by m e ; it had b e e n

t a k e n o n t he i niti a tive o f M e ssrs C h eni e r a nd D au no u wh o m .
2
, ,
3

I sc a rc e ly k ne w a nd t o wh o m h o w e v e r diffe r e nt th e ir p o litic a l
, ,

O pi n i o ns m a y b e fr o m mi ne I sh a ll a lw a ys b e a r gr a titud e
4
It ,
.

w as n e c e ss a ry t o t a k e a dv a n t ag e o f this d e cr e e o r e ls e t o give ,

up fo r e ve r t he h o p e o f re tur ni ng t o Fra nc e M de B e aum e tz . .

,

wh o m I ha d t k e n i nt o p a rt ne rship in my sp e cul ati o n we nt t o

a ,

1
uri g his st y in E ngl nd nd in A m e rica P ri n ce Tall yrand k e pt up with
D n a a a e

S t e l n i nt r sti ng c o rr spo nde n c re c ntly e dit e d b y the pr s e nt D e

,

Ma d am e de a
'

a e e e e e e u

de Bro gli e ( th e dit r f th s M m irs) in th J anu ry nd A pril nu m b e rs f t h

e o o e e e o e a a o e

R ev u e D ip l m t iq o u nd e r th titl f L tt de M de T ll yr n d M d m e
a ue e e o e re s a e a a
’
a a

de S ta el, des A rc/l ives o u Cndtea u de B rog lie

ex t ra it es
’

J s ph h i r r
.

2
Ma e o e ri st ti pl ju i r
C en e , b o n in C o n an n o e in 1 7 64 H e w as the n o
br th r A dr
.

o e of n first t r d
e l H e at r y but l ft it d v t his ti
.
’ ‘
en e e th e a m , e to e o e m e to
lit r tur
e a wr t s v r l r pu lic
e , and o e e e a r v luti ry pl ys which g v
e b an an d e o o na a a e him a

c rt i r put ti
e a n e A s puty
a on p rt
De t S i is v ti
o f th e D e a m e n o f e ne e t O e t o t h e C o n e n o n , - -

A ss bly A ugust
.

v t d th
h e o e fo r t he de a ki g o f t her si t
n H e w as P e de n o f the em in
i v H u dr d A ft r
.
,

su s qu tly l ct d
1 7 9 5 , a nd w a s b e en b r e e e a m em e o f th e F e n e
”
e .

B u ir c r
r m a e 1 8 , h e b e am e a m e m b e ri u t d r
o f th e T b na e pir U n e th e E m e , h e w as .

app i t d sp ct r
o n e u lic duc ti
I n e o o fP b E dis iss d
a o n, w as mdi d e in 1 80 6, and e in 1 8 1 1 .

3 P
i rr
e b r
e D au no u w as j i d
o n in 1 7 6 1 rd r r t r s but
H e o ne the O e o f the O a o ian , .

g v up his ccl si stic l fu cti s ft r his l cti

a e e e a a n on a e v ti by
e e p rt
o n t o the C o n e n o n th e D e a
t l is
m e n o f P as de C a a in 1 79 2 -
pr t st d g i st
-
He tri l
o e e ki g
a a n th e v t d
a o f th e n , and o e
t H vi g b
.

f v ur
in a o ish
o f b an m en rr st d with s v ty thr
a n e en a e e h i s c ll gu s
e en ee o f o ea e -

wh l y r A ft r h r id r
.

on O ct ro be i pris d
3 1 , 1 7 9 2 , h e w as m o ne fo r a o e ea e T e m o 9 , he .

w as a pp i t d r si t
o n e v ti
P e de n o f the C o n e n o n su s qu tlyH e w as, b e e n , a m e m b e r o f the
iv H u dr d
.

F e n e ri u t fr which
a nd o f t h e T b na e , r v d
om he wa s e m o e in 1 80 2 He .

t k sh r
oo no p litics u d r
a e in o pir
n e th e E mb c e puty u d r
H e e am e a D e n e the R e sto ra .

ti o n, w as app i t d p r
o n e r c
ee di d
o f F an e in 1 8 3 9 , and e in 1 840
A s ti d h r by i c ll yr d
.

4
m e n o ne e e cr v ti p r it
P r n e Ta e an , the de e e o f th e C o n e n o n e m
ti g his r tur
n e r c pr p s d
n t o F an e w as ssrs h i r
o o e by Me but
C en e and D ann o n, at the

St l
.

pr ssi g r qu t
e n e y his fri ds
e s o f m an of gst wh
en , amo n d o m was M a am e de ae
'

S e e fo o t no t e p 47
y g
. .

f T he a u t ho r o fre m a rk ab le p o e m s H is ro alist o p inio ns c au se d him t o b e a rre ste d durin t he

v y g
.

Te rro r T he re o lu t io na r
. t ri bu nal se nt e nce d him to de a t h . H e w as u illo t ine d in 1 79 3 .

Tra n sla to r .
TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y ,
TH E CON S ULA TE . 1 87

I ndi a i nst e a d o f m e and di e d in th a t c o u ntry I much r e gre t te d .

to p a rt with M de la R o ch e fo uc a uld f r wh o m I had much .

,
1
o

a ff e c t i o n a nd with Mr H a milt o n w h o will

,
lw ys o ccupy a fo re .
,
a a

m o st pl a c in my r e c o ll e c t i o ns H avi ng t ak e n l e ave o f my
e .

fri e nds I t o o k p ass age o n b o a rd a wre tch e d D anish ve ss e l b o u nd

,

fo r H mburg a .

B e fo r e re e nt e ri ng Fr anc e I w as a nxi o us t o k no w wh at w as
-
,

go i ng o n th e r e M a d a m e de F lahau t w h w as th e n at H a mburg
.
,
2
o ,

s e e m e d t o m e h a rdly disp o s e d t o furnish m e with t he d e sire d

i nfo rm ati o n fo r wh e n I w as s t ill c o mi ng up t he Elb e she s e nt
, , ,

m e w rd by M de R icc w ho w as simpl e e no ugh t o d e liv e r t he

’
o . e,

m e ss ag e — no t t o l a nd but g o b a ck t o A m e ric a H e r r e as o n fo r .

so d i ng she t o ld M de R icc e w as t h a t it b e i ng rum ur e d t h a t

o , .
,
o

she h a d b e n o n r a th e r i ntim at e t rms wi t h m e sh e fe a r e d th a t

e e ,

my pre s e nc e sh o uld b e a n o bst acl e t o he r m rri age with M de a .

S o uz a t he P o rtu gu e s e Mi nis t e r
,
H o w v e r I th ught I c o uld . e ,
o ,

wi t h o ut a ny impro pri e ty t k e no no tice o f t he e xtrao rdi na ry ,

a

re as o ns a ll e ge d by M de R icc e a nd sp e nt a m o nth in H amburg .

, ,

in t he s o ci ty o f p e rs o ns w h o did no m o r e t h n I did mys e lf

e ,
a ,

i nt e rfe re with t he m a rri ag e o f M a d a m e de F lahau t with th at

d e a r M de S o uz a I n H a mburg I m e t M ad a m e de G e nlis
. .
, ,

wh o m I fo u nd e x a ctly t he s a m e as I had k no w n h e r at S ill e ry ,

at B e ll e ch a ss e a nd in E ngl a n d The u nch ange abl e ne ss o f .

c mp o u nd na ture s pr o c e e ds fr o m th e ir suppl e ne ss
o .

Fr m H a mburg I w e nt t o A mst e rd m wh e re I sp e nt
o ,
a ,
a

fo rt night th e nc e t o Bruss e ls wh e re I st ay e d l o ng e no ugh t o

, ,

r e a ch P a ris o nly in t he m o nth o f S e pt mb e r 1 7 9 6 as it had b e e n

’
e ,

my i nt e nt i o n .

A na ti o na l i nstitut e o f a rts a nd sci e n c e s ha d b e e n fo u nd e d 3

1
ch e fo uc uld L i anc urt
Th e D u e de la R o a -
o

A d l i d F ill ul b o rn in P ris in 1 76 1 m rri d whe n ve ry y u ng th C m t

.

2
e a e e ,
a , a e , o , e o e

de F l h t a b rig di e r g e n r l w h w
au a guill ti n d in 1 7 93 S h h d l ft F r nc e
a -
e a o as o e e a e a

A ft e r The m ido 9 sh wish d to r turn to F r nce b t h d to st y t

, ,
.

in 1 7 9 2 r r e e e a u a a a

H m burg wh r he m de th cqu int nc f th M rquis J o sé de S uz B th l

.
, ,

a , e e s a e a a a e o e a o a- o e o,

wh w o th n P rtugu s M i nist e r t D nm rk nd wh s e wife sh b c m e in 1 80 2

as e o e e o e a a o e e a

Th M rquis de S uz l st his
, ,

h h vi ng just b e n pp i nt d M i nist r t F r n c
e a e a o e e o a e . e a o a o

a pp i nt m nt sh rtly ft r but re sid d in P ris u ntil his d e th

o e o a e M d m e de e a a a a

S uz wr t s e ver l n v ls which m d h r r put ti n S h di d in 1 83 6

,

o a o e a o e a e e e a o e e

A ll th c d m i s h d b en d ne w y with in 1 79 2 Th C nv nti n ins rt d

. .
,
3 o e e
e a a e e a e o a a . e o e

in th C nstituti n ft h y r I I I
e o cl us pr vidi ng f r the f und ti o n f n ti n l
o o e ea . a a e o o o a o a a o a

i nstitut ntr st d with th e c r e

e e f c ll cti ng th e v ri us di sc v ri s nd i m pr vi n g
u e a o o e a o o e e a o

a rts and sci e nc s A bill p asse d in 1 79 5 re gul t e d the o rg niz ati o n o f this i nstitut e
e .
”
, a a ,
1 88 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

in P aris : t he v e ry o rga niz ati o n o f this i nstitut e w as su ffici e nt to

gaug e t he spirit th e n re ig ni ng in Franc e I t had b e e n divid e d .

i nt o fo ur s e cti o ns o f which th a t o f physic l sci e nc e s rank e d fi rst

, a ,

wh e re a s th a t o f m o ra l a nd p o litic a l sci e nc e s o nly c am e ne xt .

Duri ng my abs e nc e I had b e e n e l e ct e d a m e mb e r o f t he l a tt e r , .

To p ay my d e bt as a c d e mici a n I r e a d a t t w o public sitti ngs a , ,

cl o s e ly fo ll o wi ng e a ch o th e r a c o upl e o f p ap e rs which a ttra ct e d ,

c e rt a i n no tic e The fi rst o f th e s e p ap e rs re l at e d t o t he

i

a .

U nit e d S t at e s t he s e c o nd d e a lt with t he ne c e ssity fo r Fr a nc e t o

,

s e cure c o l o ni e s I h ad a ls o pre p a r e d a third p a p e r o n t he

.
1

i nflu e nce o f s o ci e ty in Franc e but as it w as b a s e d chi e fly o n my , ,

r e c o ll e cti o ns my fri e nds did no t thi n k it suit e d t o a tim e wh e n

,

Fra nc e w a s rul e d by t he Dire ct o ry S o I l e ft it u nfi nish e d . .

H avi ng p a id my lit e r a ry d e bt and p e rc e ivi ng no e l e m e nt o f ,

o rd e r a nd no gu a r a nt e e o f st ability in t he v a ri o us p o litic a l fa cti o ns -

wh o s e struggl e s I wit ne ss e d I t o o k c a re to k e e p a l o o f fro m ,

a ctiv e p o litics M a d a m e de S t ael who ha d a lre a dy re sum e d a

.
,

c e rt a i n i nflu e nc e cl o s e ly i nsist e d o n my go i ng with he r t o

,

B a rra s o ne o f t he m e mb e rs o f the Dire ct o ry I d e murre d a t

,
2
.

fi rst ; I c o uld no t c a ll o n a m e mb e r o f the Dire ct o ry with o ut ,

a ski ng t o se e a ll t he o th e r Dir e ct o rs a nd chi e fly th o s e w h o ha d 3

,

b e e n my c o ll e agu e s in t he C o nstitu e nt A ss e mbly The r e a s o ns .

a ll e g e d t o j ustify my r e fus a l did no t s e e m v a lid B e sid e s th e y .

h ad t o b e c o nv e y e d thr o ugh M ad a m e de S t a é l w ho b e i ng a nxi o us , ,

w hich w s divid e d i nt o fo ur s cti o ns co m prisi ng lt o ge th e r 1 44 full m e m b rs and 1 44

a e ,
a e

ass o ci t m m b rs
a e Th I nstitut e o nly re su m e d its o ld n m e o f c d m y in 1 8 1 6
e e . e a a a e .

Th s e t w p p rs w e re publish e d in th R u il de M ém ire d l I n tit t ’

1
e o a e e ec e s o s e s u ,

s e cti o n fm r l nd p litic l sci nc s l ii first s ri e s 1 79 9 I n th first h d d

o o a a o a e e , vo . .
,
e , . e ,
ea e

E t t Un i G e rm i n l 5 y e r V
’
S r l R l ti n mm r i l l A ngl t t d
’
u es e a o s co e c a es a e e erre e es a s s, a , a .

( Th C o m m e rci l I nt rc urs e f E ngl n d with th U nit d the uth o r s

’
“
e a e o o a e e a

o bj e ct w s to pr ve t h t E ngl nd did n t l s e nythi ng by th d cl rati o n o find p n

a o a a o o a e e a e e

de nc e fh r gre t c l ny nd th t h will lw ys fi nd in A m e ric r gul r m rk t to

o e a o o ,
a a s e a a a a e a a e

buy he r g o o ds and d pt the v rgr wth o f he r p pul ti n The s e c nd w s h d d

a o o e o o a o o a ea e

A dv nt g s t b e de rive d fro m N e w
.
,

S u r les A n tag va d r t ir r d C l ni n
es ll e e es o o es ou o e
'
es a a e o

C l o ni s
o e it w s r e d M e ssid o r 2 5 y e r V The m i n id in it is th t s a c n
a a ,
a . a ea a ,
a o

s e qu e n c o f th r e v luti o n it is ne c ss ry in o rd e r t pr s e rve its re sults t pply

e e o , e a ,
o e , o a

t he fo rc s f the c o u ntry t o
e o n w fi e ld f ctivity and th t in th e pre s e n t st t
a ef o a ,
a , a e o

a ff irs in F r nc th g o v e rnm e nt o ught to e nd v ur t supply all git to rs and m l

a a e, e ea o o a a a

c o nt e nts f ll p rti s with v st t rrit ri e s to c l niz e

o a a e a e o o o .

2
Th C o m t e P ul d B rr s b r n t F x E m ph o x in the V r D e p rt m nt w s
e a e a a o a o -
u a a e a

c pt ai n in th e rm y in 1 789 H avi ng b e e n s nt to th C nv e nti n h v t e d fo r the

, , ,

a a a . e e o o , e o

de th o f L o uis X V I
a I n F b ru ry 1 7 9 5 h e w as pp o i nt e d P r e sid e n t f the C o n e n
. e a , , a o v

ti o n H w s e l e ct e d a m e m b r f the D ir e ct o ry t the ti m e o f its fo u nd ti on and

. e a e o a a ,

o nly l ft it o n B ru m ir e 1 8 wh n h e r tir e d to priv at e life

e a H e di e d in 1 829
, e e . .

3
L a R ev e ill e r e L ép e aux and R e wb e ll
’
-
.
1 90 TH E M E IWOI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

him r e m ai ne d upst a irs T hus I w as a l o ne at B a rra s t abl e A .

,
’
.

qu art e r o f a n h o ur h avi ng e l aps e d a s e rva nt c a m e to re qu e st m e ,

t o g o up t o t he Dir e ct o r s r o m I fe l t th a nkful fo r his supp o si ng

’
o .

th at u nd e r t he circumst a nc e s t he di nne r s e rve d t o m e c o uld h av e

, ,

no a ttra c t i o n I fe lt quit e ups e t. A s I e nt e r e d his r o o m he .

,

t o o k h o ld o f b o th my h ands a nd e mbra c e d m e ; he w as we e p
ing . I s a id t o him a ll t he ki n d thi ngs which t he p o siti o n in
which I saw him a nd th at in which I w as mys e lf c o uld dict at e , .

The s o rt o f e mb a rr a ssm e nt he a t first displ ay e d with m e a n utt e r , , ,

str ange r t o him gra du a lly dis a pp e a re d a nd t he sh a re I t o ok in

, ,

his tro ubl e s e e m e d t o do him go o d H e b e gge d o f m e t o go .

b a ck with him t o P a ris ; I re adily a cc e pt e d Fro m th at day I .

,

ne v e r ha d a ny o cc a si o n t o r e gr e t h avi ng m a d e his a cqu a i nt a n c e .

H e w as a m a n o f an e xcit e d a nd impulsiv e natur e e a sily c a rri e d ,

o ne w ay o r t he o th e r I had k no w n him sc a rc e ly a c o upl e o f :

h o urs a nd ye t might h ave a lm o st supp o s e d I w as t he p e rs o n he

,

lik e d b e st in t he w o rld .

S h o rtly a ft e r my fi rst i nt e rvi e w t he Dire ct o ry wish e d t o m a k e ,

a ch ange in t he Mi n istry T o this B a rr a s c o ns e nt e d with t he 1

.

c o nditi o n th a t his ne w fri e nd sh o uld b e app o i nt e d Mi nist e r o f

Fo re ig n R e l ati o ns H e d e fe nd e d his pr o p o s a l with gre a t w armth
.
”
,

a nd so e ff e ctiv e ly th a t it w as a d o pt e d a t t e n o cl o ck t he s a m e
’

n ight a g e nd a rm e c a ll e d fo r m e at t he club na m e d S a lon d s

,
e

tra ng e rs a nd h and e d t o m e t he d e cre e app o i nti ng m e

2

Mi nist e r .

The a bs o lut e ch a r act e r o f a ll t he m e a sur e s t a k e n by t he

D ire ct o ry t he pre ssi ng re qu e sts o f M ad a m e de S t ael a nd ab o ve
,
'

all this t he b e li e f I ha d th a t I might p o ssibly w o rk s o m e g o o d

, ,

c aus e d m e to dismiss all id e a o f d e cli ni ng the p o st O n the fo ll o w .

ing day I th e r e fo r e c a ll e d at t he Lux e mb o urg in o rd e r t o th ank

,
3
,

B a rras : a fte r whic h I w e nt t o t he Fo re ig n o ffic e ,

.

U nd e r my pre d e c e ss o r C h a rl e s de L a cro ix a ll S t at e m att e rs ,

4
,

1
uri ng the su m m e r f 1 79 7 the c bi n t w s ntir ly m difi d Tall e yr and t o k
D o a e a e e o e o

th e F r ig n O ffic e L m b r cht t he J ustic e L t ur ne ux the H m e D e p rt m nt G ne r al

.
,

o e a e e o o a e e
S ch er r the W r O ffi c e A d m ir l P lé ill le P ll y th M ri n D p rtm nt S tin
, , ,

e a , a v e e e e a e e a e , o

w s h e d f the P lic D e p rt m e nt and R am e l r e m ai n d Mi nist r o fF i n nc e s

a a o o e a e e a

S
.
,
2
tr nge rs a F o re ig n rs C lub
’
or e
’

A ft e r p ssi ng thro ugh di ff re nt de sti n ti o ns

.

3
The r sid nc o f M ri e d M e dici
e e e a e . a e a

duri ng the R v o luti o n it b c m e th o ffici l r sid e nc e f the e x e cutiv e duri ng th

e e a e a e o e

I t is no w d e vo t e d to th sitti ng s o fthe S nat e

,

D ir c to ry
e . e e .

C h rl e s de L acr o ix de C o nst ant w s b rn in 1 7 5 4 ; in 1 7 89 he was chi e f cl rk

4
a a o , e
TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR V, TH E CON S ULA TE . 1 9:

c o nc e rni ng his d e p artm e nt we re pre vi o usly s e ttl e d by the

Dire ct o ry Lik e t he pre vi o us s e cre t a ry my duti e s we re c o nfi ne d
.
,

t o sig ni ng p a ssp o rts a nd o th e r a dmi nis t r ativ e d o cum e nts and t o ,

fo rwa rdi ng t o t he pro p e r qu a rte rs the d e sp atch e s o r c o m m u nic a

ti o ns a lre a dy dra ft e d by t he e x e cutiv e ; ye t I o ft e n d e l aye d ,

th e s e c o mmu nic ati o ns which d e l ay e nabl e d m e t o s o ft e n th e ir

,

t e rms wh e n the impuls e u nd e r which th e y had b e e n writt e n had

,

p ss e d a way A ll busi ne ss re l ative t o h o m e a ffa irs w as k e pt fro m

a .

me . I imp art e d dig nity t o my o dd situ ati o n by try ing t o c o n ,

vi nce o th e rs a nd mys e lf t o a c e rt a i n d e gre e tha t all pro gre ss

, ,

t o wa rds tru e o rd e r a t h o m e wo uld b impo ssibl e so l o ng a s w e e

did no t h ave p e a c e abro ad a nd a ddi ng th at si nc I had b e e n , ,

e

c a ll e d up o n t o c o ntribut e t o its r e sto rati o n I o ught t o d e vo t e ,

mys e lf e ntire ly t o this o bj e ct .

I t has c o m e t o my k no wl e dge th at s o m e p e o pl e no t in t he ,

d ays I sp e ak o f but si nc e t he R e st o r ati o n c o nsid e re d th a t it w as

'

, ,

wro ng t o a cc e pt o ffice in tim e s o f crisis a nd re vo luti o n wh e n it ,

is imp o ssibl e t o w o rk a bs o lut e go o d S uch j udgm e nt always .

a pp e a r e d t o m e m o st sup e rfici a l I n t he a ffa irs o f this wo rld w e .

,

must no t simply c o nsid e r t he pre s e nt Tn t w h n i in t he . a e s,

m aj o rity o f c as e s has but a v e ry sm a ll imp o rt anc e wh e ne ve r w e

, ,

l o s e sight o f the fa ct t h at tna t w h n i pro duc e s tn t w ean na ll e s a s

be ; thus i nd e e d a s w e fr a m e t he pr e s e nt so will t he future b e

, ,

sh ap e d ! I f w e co nsid e r m atte rs with o ut pre j udic e a nd ab o ve , ,

a ll ,
witho ut e nvy w e pl ai nly se e th at m e n do no t a lw ays
,

a cc e pt o fli c e so as t o gr atify th e ir p e rs o na l i nt e r e sts a nd I might ,

a dd th a t it is no m e a n s a crifi c e o n t he p a rt o f a p o litic a l m an t o

c o ns e nt t o b e i ng t he re sp o nsibl e editor o f o th e r p e o pl e s lu c ub ra ’

ti o ns S e lfish a nd tim o ro us p e o pl e a re i nc ap abl e o f so much

.

a b ne g ati o n ; but I r e p e a t it it must b e b o rne in mi nd th at by

, , ,

d cli ni ng o ffici a l p o sts in tim e s o f uph e ava l o ne simply a ffo rds

e , ,

gre at e r f ciliti e s t o t he e ne mi e s o f public o rd e r H e w ho acc e pts

a .

d e s so no t t o s e c o nd the a dvo c at e s o f a st at e o f a ffa irs t o which

o ,

he is o pp o s d but in o rd e r t o so m o dify th e ir a cti o n th at it m ay

e ,

in th eG r l ptro ll r s ffic
e ne a C o m H vi ng b n l e ct d t the C nve nti n h vo te d
e
’
o e. a ee e e o o o , e

d th
fo r the e a ki ng H w sub s e qu e ntly m m b e r o f th A nci e ns M i nist e r
o f the e as a e e
“ ”

r ig A irs A m b ss d r t H ll nd P re f ct f th B uch e s —
.
,

of Fo e n f
fa a a duo o o a e o e o

h ft rw rds f th Girond e H e di e d in 1 808 H e was the f th e r o f E ugene

R 6ne , a nd a e a o e . . a

l cr ix f us p aint r
D e a o , th e am o e .
1 92 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

be pro fit abl e t o the future E n t nt lz e il f nt co nsid re r l

. o e o os a
’

e a

fi n ,
”
s a id
1
g ood o ld L a F o nt a i ne a n d th a t is n o t a m e r e ,

a p o l o gu e .

I must no t o mit t o st a t e th at A dmir a l B ru ix fo r wh o s e ,

2

ch a ra ct e r i nt e ll e ct a nd t a l nt I ha d t he gre at e st e st e e m w as t o
, ,
e ,

b e pp o i nt e d Mi n ist e r o f M a ri ne I w as thus e nt e ri ng up o n o f
a fi ce
with a c o ll e agu e s u nacqu ai nt e d s I w as mys e lf with the ways
a a

o f t he Dir e c t o ry an d wi t h wh o m I c o uld d e lib e r a t e a s t o wh a t

,

g o o d might b e d o ne a nd wh a t e vil pre ve nt e d .

To giv e a cl e a r c o nc e pti o n o f wh at I h av e t e rm e d t he w ays

o f t he Dir e ct o ry I thi n k it will b e suffici e nt t o r e l at e t he i n ci
,

d e nts th a t m rk e d t he fi rst c o u ncil at which I w as pre s e nt A

a .

qu a rre l t o o k pl a c e b e tw e e n C a r no t a nd B a rra s t he l att e r 3

ch arg e d his c o ll e agu e wi t h h avi ng d e stro y e d a l e tt e r which

o ught t o h a v e b e e n submitt e d t o t he Dire ct o ry Th e y we re .

b o th st a ndi ng C a r no t pu tt i ng up his h nd s aid : I give yo u

.
,
a
“

my w o rd o f h o no ur th at t h at is no t so 1 D o no t r a is e y o ur
h nd re pli e d B a rra s bl o o d w o uld drip fr o m it S u ch
a
”
, ,
“
.
”

w e r e o u r rul e rs a nd my t a sk w as t o try t o o bt a i n t he re a dmis

,
-

si o n o f Fra nc e t o t he c o u ncils o f Euro p e whilst such m e n w e re ,

in p o we r Di fficult t h o ugh this gre a t u nd e rt a ki ng w as I did no t

.

h e sit a t e t o c o nfr o nt it .

N e arly all t he e ne mi e s Franc e had had si nc e t he b e gi nni ng

o f t he R e v o luti o n h a d b e e n c o mp e ll e d t o s e e k s a fe ty in p e a c e
, ,

which m o st o f th e m b o ught a nd p a id fo r with t e rrit o ri a l c e ssi o ns

o r p e cu ni a ry c o n sid e r a ti o ns A ustri a d e fe at e d b o th in I t a ly 4
,
.

1
In all thi ngs the e nd sh uld b e c o nsid re d
o e .

2
E ust ch e Bruix w as b r n t S n Do m i ng in 1 7 5 9
a o a a o in 1 7 89 , he w as a li e ut e nan t
in th e a n vy in 1 7 98 he w as pp o i nt e d R r A d m ir l
,
a ea a -
e , and and M n i ist r
e ofM a ri n
di d
e in 1 80 5 .

z r
3 L a a e C a no w as r t b r
o n at N o a , in th e D e a l y ’
p rt
m e n o f C 6 te d O r, in 1 7 5 3 in t
1 7 89 , he w as a n o f till y
fi e o f a r e r c r g sl tiv A ss
H e sat in the L e i a e ly emb and in the

ki g H vi g
.

v ti wh r
C o n e n o n, e e hev t d o e d th
fo r the ea o f t he n pp i t d
a n bee n a o n e a

u lic S f ty
.

r itt
m e m b e o f t he C o m m e e o f P b a e t ust d with
, h
e w as e n r rg i ti
e the o an z a o n o f

t he a mr y and the dir ctie H vi g

o n o f t he w ar a l ct d b r
n b e en e e e a m em e o f t he Co n seil

ir ct r H vi g
.

des A m ie n s b y o f urt p rt ts pp i t d
e e n D e a m e n , he w a s a o n e a D e o a n be e n .

b an ish d
e t k r fug
o n F ru c tido r 1 8, he oo G v
e e in d r
e ne a sul t
U n e t he C o n a e , he w as
.

M n e o f W ar, and a e a
i ist r ft rw rds r ri u t
m e m b e o f th e T b n a e pp i t d
I n 1 8 1 4 , he w as a o n e

G v r r A tw p
.

G r l v si
e ne a o f D i i o n and o e no of n t k
er cH e oo i ist r
of fi e as M n e o f t he
H u dr d ys S c d t r ti
.

t ri r duri g
In e o n the n e xil d
D a , w as e e at the e on di d
R e s o a o n, an d e at

Ma e gd burg in 1 82 3 .

4
f ll wi g is
The o o n chr l gic l list
the o no o a tr ti s which br ught
o f t he ea e o the w ar o f
t he first c liti
oa o n t o an e nd —W ith Gr d kth e an usc y rs
D u e o fT bu y
an , P a 1 , F e r ar 9 ,

1 7 95 ; with russi B s l A pril

P a, a e , wi h S p i B s l J uly
5 , 1 795 ; t a n, a e , with 2 2 , 1 79 5 ;
1 94 TH E I II E I WOI R S OF P R I I VCE TA LL E YR A N D .

S uch
we r e t he r e l ati o ns o f Fra nc e with fo re ig n c o u ntri e s
wh e n I j o i ne d t he mi nistry .

A t h o m e a fa cti o n w as pl o tti ng t he o v e rthr o w o f t he e xisti ng

o rd e r o f thi ngs t o r e pl ac e it by wh at ?
,
N o b o dy e ve r k ne w o r
e v e r will k no w ; f o r this fa cti o n w as no t num e r o us a n d w as ,

c o mp o s e d o f R e public ans a nd o f fo r m r m e mb e rs o f t he Co n e

st it u e nt A ss e mbly a nd o f t he N ati o na l C o nv e nti o n w ho m ay ,

h ave b e e n u nit e d by c o mm o n h atre d but w ho c o uld c e rt ai nly ,

no t w o rk a ny pl a n t o g e th e r .

A t a ny r a t e wh a t s o o n b e ca m e e vid e nt w as the w e a k ne ss
,

o f this fa cti o n e asily o v e rc o m e a nd wh o s e r e a l o r pr e t e nd e d

, ,

l e a d e rs w e re in t he c o urs e o f a fe w h o urs a rre st e d fo r t he m o st

, ,

p art ch a rg e d with pl o tti ng ag ai nst t he e st ablish e d go ve rnm e nt

, ,

c o nvicte d wi t h o ut b e i ng h e ard and tra nsp o rt e d t o Cay e nne , ,

1

by virtu e o f wh a t w a s th e n t e rm e d a law .

C ivil w ar c o nti nu e d t o d e s o l at e t he w e st e r n pr o vi nc e s wh e re ,

t he R e public ans w e r e m ast e rs o f ne arly all t he t o w ns This .

w a r —t he o rg aniz e rs o f which h a nd e d t o th e ir fa mili e s t he

,

pro ud titl e o f Ve ndee n a ft e rwa rds re pl ac e d a nd sp o ilt by th at

’

o f Cn o u a n —w as th e n c o nfi ne d withi n limits b e y o nd which s o m e

,

v ai nly e nd e avo ure d t o e xt e nd it I t had b e c o m e m o re irks o m e .

tha n d ang e ro us fo r t he go ve rnm e nt .

The w o rds o f R e public Lib e rty Equ a lit y Fr at e r nity w e r e , , , ,

e v e rywh e r e i nscrib e d o n a ll t he w a lls but t he id e a s a nd fe e li ngs ,

the y e xpre ss e d w e re no wh e re t o b e m e t with Fro m t he high e st .

a uth o riti e s t o th o s e o f t he l o we st r a n k th e r e w as sc arc e ly ,

o ne th a t w as no t m o st a rbitr a ry in its fo rm ati o n its c o mp o si t i o n ,

a nd m o d e o f a cti o n A ll w as d o ne with vi o l e nc e a nd as a
.
, ,

na tur al co ns e qu e n c e no thi ng c o uld l a st , .

The y o u ng g e ne ra l B o na p a rt e w ho fo r the l a st t w o y e a rs , , ,

sh o ne so b rilliantly o n t he st age o f t he w o rld r e fus e d t o b e

.

swamp e d a m o ngst the cro wd o f si ngl e g e ne ra ls he w ant e d t o

h e a r his nam e bruit e d abro ad m o re ye t a nd t o c o nti nu e t o ,

attr a ct a ll l o o ks up o n hims e lf B e sid e s he fe a re d a situ ati o n in .

,

ye r M al m e sbury re turne d to L ill e ( J uly

a ,
and b e g an fr e sh ne go ti ti o ns which a , ,

h o w ve r l so f il e d
e a a

up d tt t o f Fructid o r 1 8 y e r V ( S e pt e m b e r 4
, .

This w m d e by
’
1
th as e co a ,
a .
, a

the D ire ct o ry with the ssist nc e o f the rm y g i n t the C u ncils wh r t he l cti n s

a a a a a s o ,
e e e e o

o f t he pr e vi us M y h d s nt an nti r v lut i nist m j o rity

o a a e aThe gre t e r p rti o n f
-
e o o a . a o o

th e s e e l e c t i o ns w er e qu ash e d nd sixty fi e D e puti e s tr nsp o rte d to C ay e nne

, a -
v a .
TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR V ,
TH E C ON S UL A TE . 1 95

which he wo uld be d e fe nc e l e ss aga i nst the v e ry d ange rs t o which

his fam e might giv e birth A mbiti o us e no ugh t o wish t o b e .

h e ad o f all he w as ye t no t so bli nd as t o thi nk this p o ssibl e fo r

,

him in Franc e at l e a st no t with o ut a c o ncurre nc e o f e v e nts

,

which at th at tim e c o uld no t be re ga rd e d as cl o s e at h and o r

, , ,

e v e n as pr o b abl e .

E ngl and in t he tim e o f C ro mwe ll had but o ne a rmy C ro m .

we ll w ho had s e l e ct e d all its o ffic e rs had o nly his o w n cre ature s

, ,

a m o ng th e m O utsid e t he a rmy he ha d no riv al in fa m e

.
Tw o .

h o urs fanaticism skilfully e mpl o ye d suffic e d t o put t he tro o ps

’
, ,

i nto the st at e o f mi nd he wish e d Fi na lly t he L o ng P a rli a m e nt .

, ,

which had c o nce ntrat e d all p o w e r withi n its e lf had pl ay e d its ,

p art ; a ll p a rti e s had gro w n tire d o f its tyranny th e y all

1

d e sire d its o ve rthro w .

Th e s e circumst anc e s w e re all l acki ng in B o nap art e s c as e ’

.

But if he had no t ye t the ch anc e o f ruli ng as C r o mwe ll in his , ,

o w n c o u ntry it w as o n t he o th e r h a nd no t imp o ssibl e th at h e

, , ,

might cut o ut fo r hims e lf a s o v e r e ig nty e ls e wh e re pro vid e d ,

France first fur nish e d him with t he m e ans .

A ft e r h avi ng sig ne d t he p e ac e with A ustri a a t Ca mp o

Fo rmi o and p aid a sh o rt visit t o R a st a dt the pl a c e agre e d up o n
, ,

with t he e mpire fo r tre ati ng o f the p e a c e ( fo r afte r the e x a mpl e

2
,

o f t he o ld R o m a ns t he Fr e n ch R e public h ad a d o pt e d t he
,

pri ncipl e o f ne v e r c o mprisi ng t wo o f its e ne mi e s i nt o t he s am e

p e ac e ) he w e nt t o P a ris t o pro p o s e t he c o nqu e st o f Egypt to
,

t he Dir e ct o ry .

I had ne v e r s e e n him A t t he tim e o f my no mi nati o n t o

.

t he Mi nistry o f F o re i g n A f fa irs he had writt e n t o m e as I h av e ,

a lr e a dy m e n ti o ne d a l o ng l e tt e r c a r e fully c o mpil e d in which he

, , ,

wish e d t o app e a r u nd e r a diffe re nt ch a ra ct e r fro m th a t which he

h ad hith e rt o pl ay e d o n t he st ag e o f public life This l e tt e r is .

1
g
The L o n P a am e n rli the nam e gl d t is
e n in E n l st rli
an t
t o the agiv P a am e n
c v d
o n e ne by C a e I H vi g ss
h rl sa n a . it l st d r th tw ty
emb e in 1 640 , a e l d
mo e an en
y rs
ea . ll dis iss
I n 1 64 8 , C o m w e r m b rs w r h stil
e d all m e m e wh o his
e e o e to own

p licy
o , diss lv it
and in 1 6 3 , h e
5 o c ll d
ed ick d
R e a e in 1 6 5 9 , and n . nam e T/ze R u mp .

This rli t r k up
P a am e n b o e in 1 66 0
Si c
.

2
tr ty
n e th e ea p r i c gr ss
o f C am o F o m o , a on e -
st dt Gr d
h ad m e t a t R a a ( an
D uchy B d of r gul t
a e n) to e qu sti s still u d r discussi
a e th e e on n e vig ti o n ( na a o n o f t he

hi i d iti s
R ne , n e m n e t o d isp ss ss d pri c s
o e e ss bl d
n e , gi i g
R e a e m e a t the b e nn n o f
it
1 7 9 8, sudd ly i t rrupt d by
w as en n e e b gi i g
war at the e f ll i g y r
nn n o f t he o o w n ea .

0 2
1 96 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

suffici e ntly i nt e re sti ng to m ak e o ne wish it t o b e i ns e rt e d at t he

e nd o f th e s e M e m o irs The e v e ni ng o f t he day o n which he 1
.

a rriv e d in P a ris he s e nt m e a n a id e de c amp t o ask at wh a t - -

,

h o ur he c o uld se e m e I re pli e d th a t I a wa it e d his l e isure he .

fi x e d t he ne xt day at e l e v e n a m I i nfo rm e d M ad a m e de S t a el
'

o f this ; she w as in my dr awi ng r o o m at t e n o cl o ck Th e re ’

-
.

we re a ls o s o m e o th e r p e rs o ns wh o m curi o sity had a ttract e d

'

thith e r I re m e mb e r th at B o ugai nvill e w as th e re The

.
2
.

ge ne ra l w as anno u nc e d a nd I w e nt t o m e e t him Whil e ,

.

cro ssi ng the r o o m I i ntro duc e d M ad am e de S t aé l t o him but , ,

h e b e st o we d v e ry littl e a tt e nti o n up o n he r B o uga i nvill e was .

t he o nly o ne wh o m he c o nd e sc e nd e d t o no tic e and t o wh o m ,

he p a id a fe w c o mplim e nts .

A t fi rst sight he s e e m e d t o m e t o h av e a ch a rmi ng fa c e so

,

much do t he h a l o o f vict o ry fi ne e y e s a p a l e a nd a lm o st e o n , ,

su m p t iv e l o o k b e c o m e a y o u ng h e r o , W e e nt e re d my study . .

O u r first c o nv e rs ati o n w a s full o f c o nfi d e nc e o n his p a rt He .

dwe lt in ki nd t e rms o n my app o i ntm e nt as F o r e ig n S e cre t a ry ,

a nd i nsist e d o n t he pl e a sur e it a ff o rd e d him t o c o rr e sp o nd with

a p e rs o n o f a diff e r e nt st a mp fr o m th at o f t he dir e ct o rs A lm o st .

a bruptly h e s a id t o m e Y o u a re t he ne ph e w o f t he A rchbish o p ,

o f R h e ims w ho is with L o uis X V I I I ( I no tic e d th a t he did no t

”
, .

th e n s y with t he Co mt e de Lill e ) a nd he a dd e d I a lso h av e

a 3
,

a n u ncl e w ho is a n a rchd e a c o n in Co rsic a it w as he w ho 4

,

bro ught m e up I n Co rsic a yo u k no w an a rchd e a c o n is lik e a

.
, ,

bish o p in Fra nc e W e s o o n r e tur ne d t o t he dr awi ng r o o m

.
”
-

which had b e c o m e fi ll e d with visit o rs and he s a id in a l o ud ,

v o ic e C itiz e ns I appr e ci at e t he a tt e nti o ns p a id t o m e ; I

,

1
his l tt e r h s no t b e e n f u nd m o ng the p p e rs o f the P ri nc e de T ll e yrand
T e a o a a a

L o uis A nt i ne de B o ug i nvill e b r n in 1 7 2 9 w as t fir st s cr e t ry o f m b ssy

.

2
o a , o ,
a e a e a ,

a nd ft rw rds an o ffic e r f D r g o ns H e wa thirty fo ur ye rs o ld wh e n h

a e a o a o . s -
a e

e nt r d th e n vy
e e I n 1 7 6 6 h e u nde rt o o k r o u nd t he w o rld
a . v o y ge which l s te d
,
a a a

t hr y rs
ee ea H e l e ft t he n vy in 1 7 90 e nt e r e d t he I nstitut e
. a w as m d e ,
a a

s n t o u nde r the e m pire and di e d in 1 8 1 4

e a r , .

3 T
h t w as the n m d o pt e d by L uis X V I I I duri ng the e m igrati o n
a a e a o

J s e ph Fe sch b o rn in 1 7 63 at Aj cci o H e w as in 1 7 89 rchd e co n f the

. .

4
o a a a o

c hapt r f th t t o w n H ving pro t st e d ag int the civil c o nstituti n f the cl e rgy

, , .
, ,

e o a . a e a o o ,

h e re tire d fro m the ch pt e r put si de his e ccl e si astic l fu ncti o ns nd b e c m e

a a a a a

A ft e r the 1 8th o f Bru m ire

, ,

co mmi ire de g rre to t he ar m y o f I t ly

ssa s ue s a a

F e sch r e su m e d his e ccl e si astic l duti e s b e c m e A rch b ish o p f L y o ns ( 1 80 2 ) c ardi n l

,

a ,
a o a ,

and w s e nt
as e nvo y e xtr o rdi n ry to R o m e
as H e w as r e ca ll e d in 1 80 8
a a .

P e e r o f Franc e duri ng the H u ndr e d D ys he r e tir e d to R o m e at the R e st o r ati o n a ,

and di d in 1 80 9
e .
1 98 TH E M EM OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L B VR A N D .

a rmy H e did no t ye t anticip at e th at his a rmy w o uld b e

.

s atis fi e d with achi e vi ng vict o ri e s th at w o uld o nly b e ne fit him and ,

c o ns e nt t o l e tti ng him t a k e a cro w n and still l e ss pl a ci ng it o n

,

his h e ad The m o re so th at the tro o ps o ve r which he p o ss e ss e d

.
,

m o st c o mm and and which fo r this ve ry re as o n he m o st wish e d

, , ,

t o t ak e with him w e r e c o mp o s e d o f t he v e ry m e n with wh o m

,

he had j ust b e e n c amp a ig ni ng in I t a ly a nd wh o s e r e public an

,

fa naticism he had hims e lf a ro us e d a nd c are fully k e pt up A ll .

he e xp e ct e d fro m th e m w as th a t th e y sh o uld e nabl e him t o

“

app e a r in t he e y e s o f t he C hristi a ns o f t he E a st a nd o f all

Gre e ks a s a lib e rat o r re a dy to bre a k th e ir fe tt e rs ; as fo r t he

,

u ltim at e re aliz ati o n o f his a mbiti o us dr e a ms he trust e d t o t he

,

n umb e r t he e ne rgy a nd gr a titud e o f th e s e s a m e Gr e e ks but

, ,

ab o v e all t o s o m e u n fo r e s e e n ch a nc e S uch h o p e s if th e y c o uld

.
,

h ave b e e n susp e ct e d w o uld no t h av e b e e n lik e ly t o pro m o t e the

,

succ e ss o f his ne g o ti ati o n with t he Dire ct o ry H e th e re fo re .

a ff e ct e d t o h a v e but o n e a im in vi e w —t o furth e r t he i nt e r e sts o f

Fr ance H e sp o k e o f Egypt as o f a c o l o ny a l o ne wo rth all t he

.

c o l o ni e s Franc e had l o st a nd wh e nc e d e adly bl o ws c o uld b e

,

struck at t he E nglish p o we r in I ndi a H e s o m e tim e s h o we v e r

.
, ,

a ll o w e d his imp e tu o us im agi nati o n and natural l o qu a city t o

c arry him b e y o nd the limits o f prud e nc e and t alk e d o f r e tur n
,

ing t o Eur o p e by w ay o f Co nst a nti no pl e which w as no t e x a ctly

,

t he r o ad t o I ndi a so th a t it did no t r e quir e much p e ne tr ati o n

t o gu e ss th at if e v e r he t o o k C o nst an ti no pl e t he r e sult o f his

,

vict o ry wo uld no t b e t o c o ns o lid at e t he thr o ne o f the succ e ss o r

o f t he K a lifs o r t o substitut e a re a élio one a nd indiv isible t o t he
p
O tt o m an Empir e .

Y e t t he Dir e ct o ry w e r e so struck with t he imp o rt a nc e o f

ge tti ng rid o f a m an w ho c aus e d th e m such umbrag e a nd wh o m
th e y fe lt p o we rl e ss t o k e e p in ch e ck th at th e y e v e ntu ally yi e ld e d
,

t o B o nap a rt e ,agr e e d th a t a n e xp e diti o n sh o uld b e s e nt t o

Egypt app o i nt e d him t o t he c o mm and o f t he tro o ps c o mp o si ng
,

t he e xp e diti o n a nd thus p av e d t he w ay fo r e v e nts th e y w e r e

,

m o st a nxi o us t o pre v e nt .

I must st at e h e r e succi nctly wh at w as t he situ ati o n o f

Euro p e t o wards Fr a nc e at t he tim e o f B o nap art e s d e p artur e ’
.

The Empr e ss Cath e ri ne o f R ussi a had b e e n t he first t o

 TH E CON VE N TI ON ; TH E DI R E C TOR Y -

,
TH E C ON S UL A TE . 1 99

d e cl are agai nst the Fr e nch R e vo luti o n but all he r p o licy had ,

b e e n limite d t o m a ki ng he r o pi ni o ns publicly k no w n by m e ans

o f d e sp atch e s which he r mi nist e rs w e r e i nstruct e d t o sh o w in t he

di ffe re nt c o urts t o which th e y we r e a ccre dit e d I saw a gre at .

n umb e r o f th e s e l e tt e rs in t h e h ands o f t he Pri nc e o f N a ss a u .

1

S he had c a re fully abst ai ne d fr o m j o i n i ng in a w a r the r e sult o f ,

which w as ne c e ss a rily t we a k e n he r ne ighb o urs a nd as a m att e r o ,

o f c o urs e t o i ncr e a s e he r r e l a tive p o w e r

,
H av ing no fe a r th at .

Fre nch pri ncipl e s sh o uld c o nt a mi nat e he r subj e cts but j ustly ,

a fr aid o f t he e f fo rts m a d e by P o l a nd t o sh ak e o ff he r ana rchy ,

she ha d t a k e n a dv nt a g e o f t he m o m e nt wh e n Fr a nc e Prussi a
a , ,

a nd A ustri a w e r e fighti ng t o g e th e r t o pl o t t he dism e mb e rm e n t

o f th a t ki ngd o m a p o rti o n o f which she h ad a lr e ady a dd e d t o

,

h e r d o mi ni o ns l e avi ng t he r e st t o A ustri a and Prussi a

, S he .
2

di e d s o o n aft e r ( N o ve mb e r 1 7 ,

I t is imp o ssibl e t o t e ll wh at he r succ e ss o r P a ul I w ho had , .

,

i nh e rit e d t he dis e as e o f his fath e r P e t e r I I I wo uld h ave d o ne

3
,
.
, ,

but fo r t he i nvasi o n o f Egypt by Franc e A t any rat e this .

,

i nva si o n b e c a m e fo r him a d e cisive and p e re mpt o ry pre t e xt .

S i nc e t he ti m e o f P e t e r I R ussi had ne v e r c e as e d t o c o n .
,
a

sid e r Euro p e a n Turk e y a s a pr e y which w as e ve ntu ally to fall t o

he r which she w as t o abs o rb gra du a lly b e i ng u nabl e t o do so all
, ,

at o n c e This pre y w o uld h ave slipp e d fro m he r fo r e ve r if

.
,

thro ugh a re vo luti o n Gre e c e ha d re c o ve re d he r i nd e p e nd e nc e ;,

a nd t he i nv a si o n o f Egypt n o t o nly c a us e d R ussi a t o fe a r this

r e vo luti o n but p o i nt e d o u t t o it as b e i ng i ne vit abl e

, .

P a ul I i nst e ad o f t he natura l e ne my o f the Turks at o nc e

.
, ,

b e c am e th e ir a lly he e nt e re d i nt o a l e agu e with E ngl a nd .

A ustri a j o i ne d th e m all t he m o r e r e adily th a t she ha d l a id d o w n

he r a rms ag ai nst he r will and th a t si nc e t he p e a c e o f Camp o , ,

Fo rmi o Fr anc e had c a us e d he r much j ustifi abl e a l a rm

, .

1
ri nc e Ott o o n N ss u S i e g e n b rn in 1 74 5 acc o m p ni d B o ugai nvill e
The P v a a -
, o , a e
o n his v o y g r o u nd the w rld ( 1 76 6
a e O n his r e tur n h t k s rvic in
o e oo e e
F r nc e w nt ft e rw rds t S p i n wh r t h titl e f gr nd e
,

a , e a a nd th e r nk
o fg n r l
a , e e e o a e a a o e e a

w e re co nf rre d n him I n 1 7 8 7 h w e nt t R ussi w pp i nt d h ad f n v l

e o .
, e o a, as a o e e o a a a

squ dro n nd ntrust d wi th su ndry dipl m tic m issi ns to V i e nn V rs ill s nd

a ,
a e e o a o a, e a e a
M drid
a V ic e d m ir l in 1 7 90 h w
.
-
de f t e d b y Ki ng Gust avus I I I
a a H e th n
, e as ea . e

r tire d to priv t e lif c m e t o P ris in 1 802 nd di d in 1 809

e a e, a a , a e .

T his w
2
th e third nd fi n l dis m e m b e rm e nt f P l nd ( F bru ary 1 1
as a a o o a e ,

Thr o ugh d e bauch ry nd e xc e ss e s o f ll ki nds P e t e r I I I h d b ro ught o n him

3
e a a , . a
s lf e pil ptic fi ts
e e .
2 00 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

S o me
disput e which ha d aris e n b e twe e n the Va ud o is and
t he s e nat e o f B e r n th e ir s o v e r e ig n a ffo rd e d a pr e t e xt t o t he
, ,

Dire ct o ry fo r s e ndi ng tro o ps t o S witz e rl and t o b o th pl a c e s at ,

o nc e a nd ch a ng e t he
,
c o nfe d e rati o n i nt o a repu blic ne a nd o

1
indinis ible .

Und e r
s o m e o th e r pr e t e xts t he P ap a l S t at e s had b e e n
i nvad e d by Fre nch tro o ps t he P o p e Pius V I t ak e n as a ,
.

pris o ne r t o t he Ch artr e ux c o nv e nt o f Fl o re nc e a nd th e nc e t o ,

V a l e nc e in D au p hiny wh e r e he di e d
,
his go v e r nm e nt re pl ac e d,

by wh at was th e n c a ll e d a rep u blica n a dmi nistrati o n .

2

The Ki ng o f N apl e s j ustly a fr aid but wh o m prud e nc e , ,

sh o uld h av e a dvis e d t o k e e p qui e t and bid e his tim e h avi ng ,

r a shly and ag ai nst t he advic e o f the c o urt o f V i e nna b e gu n

, ,

h o stiliti e s with i ne xp e ri e nc e d and u ndiscipli ne d tro o ps had ,

t o t ak e r e fug e in S icily ab and o ni ng his ki ngd o m o f N apl e s , ,

which t he Fre nch Dire ct o ry s o o n tr ansfo rm e d i nt o a P art he no

p e an r e public .
3

The Dir e ct o ry c o uld th e n if th e y had wish e d it h av e m a d e o f , ,

I t a ly a bulw a rk fo r Fr a nc e by fo rmi ng but o ne si ngl e st at e with

t he fo rm e r fi ne c o u ntry But fa r fro m d o i ng so th e y fe lt much .
, ,

pro vo k e d o n l e ar ni ng th at t he fusi o n o f the ne w re publics i nt o

o ne w as s e cr e tly pr e p ar e d in I t a ly a nd th e y o pp o s e d this fusi o n ,

with all th e ir might Th e y w ant e d r e publics which m ad e th e m .

o di o us t o m o na rchi e s but th e y w a nt e d o nly sm a ll a nd w e a k ,

r e publics in o rd e r t o o ccupy milit a rily th e ir t e rrit o ri e s u nd e r t he

,

guis e o f pro t e cti ng th e m but in r e a lity t o rul e th e m and fe e d ,

th e ir t ro o ps at th e ir e xp e ns e which m ad e th e m o di o us to th e s e ,

v e ry r e publics .

A ll th e s e uph e av a ls t aki ng pl ac e in t he imm e di at e ne igh

Th S wis c t s w r n t ll th
1
e s i d p d tan o nt d y Th c nt f
e e o a en n e en en as o- a e a on o
Va ud f r i nst anc e w as subj e ct to the auth o rity f B e rn I t ro s e in i nsurre cti o n
, o , o .

a g i nst the l tt e r and w crush e d M ny V u d is th e n t o k re fug in Fr anc e Th e y

a a as a a o o e

ll pr t e nd e d th t S witz e rl and w as in t he h nds fthe F ede r list p rty which w as its lf

. .

a e a a o a a e

s e rvi ng the e nds o f A ustri nd s o licit e d the i nt rv e nti o n f th D ir ct o ry S wi tz e r

,

a, a e o e e .

l nd w as i nvad e d ( Fe bru ry
a nd th re public o f L e m an pro cl i m e d with a
a a e a

c nstituti n si m il r to th t o fFr nc e
o o a a a .

O n D e c e m b e r 2 7 1 79 7
2
rio t h d bro k en o ut in R o m e G e ne r al D uphot had
, , a a ,

b e e n kill e d in t he c o u rs o f it O n F bru ry 1 0 fo ll o wi ng G e ne r al B e rt hi e r b e c am e
e . e a ,

m ast e r o f the t o w n F ive d ays l at e r the R o m an r e public w s pro cl ai m e d by

.
,
a a

p o pul r v o t e at the i nstig ati o n o f the D ire ct o ry

a

J anu ary 1 799 Fe rdin nd I V son o f C h rl e s I I I Ki ng o f S p ai n w th e n

, .

3
. a .
, a .
, as

r e igni ng t N apl e s H e had m arri e d Mari e C aro li ne d ught e r o f the E m pr ss

a .
-
, a e

M ri Th e r e sa
a a- .
20 2 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

v o lu nte e r in t he a rmy o f I t aly th e y c o nsid e re d the y had d o ne ,

much .

The pr e s e nc e o f M o r e a u at t he a rmy o f I t aly did no t

pre ve nt it b e i ng th o r o ughly b e at e n a nd ro ut e d at the ve ry
b gi nni ng o f the acti o n M acd o nald w ho was c o mi ng up
e 1
.
,

fro m t he h e art o f I t a ly with thirty fi ve th o us and m e n in o rd e r -

,

t o r e i n fo rc e it w as crush e d at Tre bia ,

.
2

A ll th e s e sh a m r e publics r a is e d by t he Dir e ct o ry v anish e d ,

as s o o n as r e ve rs e b e fe ll Fre nch a rms a nd but fo r t he , ,

pre c auti o n pre vi o usly t ak e n by t he Dire ct o ry to r e t ai n in trust a ll

t he fo rtr e ss e s in Pi e dm o nt a ll t he Fr e nch tr o o ps w o uld h av e ,

h ad t o e v a cu at e I t a ly By rallyi ng in and ar o u nd th e s e pl a c e s .

t he sc att e r e d r e m na nts o f t he a rm i e s o f t he R e public M o r e au ,

succ e e d e d in st o ppi ng t he pro gre ss o f t he e ne my .

Wh e n the Dire ct o ry re vo luti o niz e d S witz e rl a nd th e y did no t ,

susp e ct th a t th e y we re re o p e ni ng an i nl e t cl o s e d fo r c e nturi e s -
, ,

by which fo re ig ne rs we r e o ne day t o e nt e r Fr anc e a nd bri ng ,

ab o ut thith e r t he gr e a t ch a ng e so much dr e a d e d by t he re v o lu

t io nist s The Dir e ct o ry must e v e n h ave e xp e ri e nc e d it th e ms e lv e s

.
,

but fo r t he blu nd e r o f t he A rchduk e Ch a rl e s 3 w ho e vacu at e d ,

S witz e rl and in o rd e r t o b e si e ge Philipsburg in v a i n and o nly ,

l e ft b e hi nd him a b o dy o f R ussi an tro o ps thus e nabli ng M a ss ena ,

t o w in t he vict o ry o f Z urich which w as a ll t he m o r e e xt o ll e d in 4

,

P aris th at it w as i ndisp e ns abl e t o t he s a fe ty o f Fr anc e

, .

The Dire ct o ry sh a r e d t he fa t e o f a ll d e sp o ts S o l o ng as th e ir .

a rmi e s w e r e vict o ri o us p e o pl e h a t e d th e ir rul e but fe a re d th e ir ,

p o we r But as s o o n a s t he h o ur o f d e fe at c a m e th at g o ve rn
.
,

m e nt m e t with u nive rs al c o nt e mpt The pre ss att a ck e d it .

,

l amp o o n writ e rs h e ld it up t o ridicul e e v e ryb o dy d e no u nc e d it

-

,
.

A l x dr M cd ld ( 765
1
e an w e b r f I rish p r ts t k rvic i
a o na 1 as o n o a en , oo se e n
D ill s I rish tr ps b c m g r l f divisi i 79 5 g v r r f th P p l
’
on oo e a e e ne a o on n 1 o e no o e a a

S t t s i 798 H f ll t f f v ur i 8 4 g i t k s rvic i 8 9 b c m
, ,

a e n 1 . e e ou o a o n 1 0 , a a n oo e e n 1 0 , e a e

m rs h l f F r c
a a o d D d T r t ft r t h vict ry f W gr m I 8 4 h
an e an ue e a en e a e e o o a a n 1 1 e
b c m m m b r fth H us f P r fH
.
,

e a e a e d high ch c ll r f th L gi
e o e our e o e e s, an -
an e o o e e on o o no

i
n 1 8 6 1
J u e 7 8 d 9 799
.

2 n 1 1 an 1 1
Th A rchduk C h rl s w b r i
.
, , ,
3 e 77 h w h
e f h E m p r r L p ld
a e as o n n 1 1 e as t e so n o t e e o eo o .

H b c m fi ld m
e e a h l f h G rm
e m pi
e i-
7 95 d M i ist r f W
ars a o i 8 t e e an e re n 1 an n e o ar n 1 02
G r lissi m fth A ustri rm i s i 8 5 d 8 9 h A rchduk C h rl s w
, .

e ne a o o e an a f e n 1 0 an 1 0 , t e e a e as o ne o

t he first c apt i ns o fhis ti me a , and t he m o st fo rm id abl e o fN a p o l e o n s adv e rs ri e s

’
a . He
i
d e d in 84 7 1
H
.

M ass ena w as th e n c o mm and e r in chi e f o f the ar m y o f e lv e ti a b ttl e ’

4 - -
The a
A
.

o f Z uric h, wh e r e th e R u ssi an ar m y w as d e str o y e d , w as fo ught o n ugust 26, 1 7 9 9 .

TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y ,
TH E C ON S ULA TE . 20 3

N aturally the m e mb e rs o f t he mi nistry w e re no t sp a re d ; this

,

o ff e r e d t he o pp o rtu nity I w as l o o ki ng f o r o f r e sig n i ng my p o st .

I had th e n asc e rt ai ne d th at wh at littl e e vil I c o uld pr e v e nt w as but

i nsig nifi cant a nd th at o nly l a t e r c o uld a ny re a l g o o d b e w o rk e d
, , ,
.

The i nt e nti o n I had ha d fo r a l o ng tim e o f r e sig ni ng

had i n duc e d m e t o t ak e c e rt a i n pr e c a uti o ns I had a cqu ai nt e d .

G e ne r al B o nap a rte wit h my re s o luti o n b e fo re his d e p arture fo r

Egypt he fully appro ve d t he re as o ns which had le d m e t o t ak e it ,

a nd ki ndly us e d his i nflu e nc e with t he dir e ct o rs t o s o licit f or m e

t he a pp o i ntm e nt o f a mb a ss ad o r t o C o nst a nti no pl e in t he e v e n t ,

o f it b e i ng p o ssibl e t o c o m e t o s o m e u nd e rst a n di ng with t h e

P o rt e o r e ls e t he auth o riz ati o n o f j o i ni ng him at C airo wh e r e

, , ,

th e re w as re a s o n t o b e li e ve ne g o ti ati o n s might h ave to b e o p e ne d

,

with t he age nts o f the S ult a n H avi ng o bt a i ne d th at au t ho ri a .

1
z

t i o n I s e nt in my r e sig na ti o n a nd r e tir e d t o t he c o u ntry ne a r

, , ,

P a ris wh e nc e I w atch e d t he c o urs e o f e ve nts

, .
2

The st au nch d e m ag o gu e s w ho ha d fo r s o m e tim e p a st r e sum e d , , ,

a n a l a rmi ng attitud e agit at e d a nd thr e a t e ne d t o bri ng a b o ut a

, ,

ne w R e ig n o f T e rr o r But th e ir clubs which th e y h ad re o p e ne d

.
,
-
,

a n d which F o uch e cl o s e d as s o o n as he d e e m e d it a dvis a bl e

3
,

w e re no t t o c a us e t he o ve rthro w o f t he Dire ct o ry t he Dire ct o ry

fe ll by t he fault o f its o w n m e mb e rs .

S i ey es w as e nv o y e xtr ao rdi na ry a nd pl e nip o t e nti a ry mi n ist e r

o f t he R e public in B e rli n wh e n he w a s e l e ct e d a m e mb e r o f t he,

Dire ct o ry H is re tur n t o P a ris w as a w a it e d with such imp ati e n c e

.

th at t he tim e he r e quire d t o t ak e l e ave o f the Prussi a n c o urt ,

s t art o n t he j o urne y and re ach t he c apit a l s e e m e d i nt o l e rably

l o ng t o his c o ll e agu e s o f the g o v e r nm e nt Th e y cr e dit e d him .

with p o ss e ssi ng i nfa llibl e m e ans t o r e m e dy t he critic a l situ ati o n

o f Fr anc e at h o m e a nd abr o a d H e had sc arc e ly alight e d th an .

T 1
his wh t N p o l e o n s id subse qu ently c o nc e rni ng his re l ati ns with T ll y
is a a a ,
o a e

r
and, b e o ef r his d p rt ur f r E gypt I t h d b e n gre e d with the D ir ct ry nd
e a e o a e a e o a

ll yr d th t i mm e d i t ly ft r the d p rtur f th xp diti n s nt t E gypt

T a e an , a a e a e e a e o e e e o e o ,

n e g ti ti o ns sh o uld b e
o a p e n d with the P o rt e c n ce rni ng the bj ct o f this xp e diti n
o e o o e e o .

T ll e yr nd w
a a ve n t o b e the ne g o ti t r nd t t t j C n t ntin p l tw n ty f r
as e a o a o s ar or o s a o e e -
ou

h r ft r th xp dit i n y
ou s a e e e rp t E g p t l d le
e o ar ft th p t f T n l n This pr m is e
co s o / za e or o o o . o ,

e xpr e ssly cl ai m e d and p sitiv e ly giv e n h d b e n f rg tt e n n t o nly did T ll e yr n d

o , a e o o ,
o a a

r m i n in P ris but no n g ti ti n t o k pl ac e ( M m ire d N p l n di /ts 2S int

e a a , e o a o o .
”
e
'
o s e a o eo
’
e 6 a

H len e a n g ner l G u rg d o l i p
’ ’
e e a o au v

J
. . .
, ,

uly 20 1 79 9
2
,
3
F o uché had b e e n app o i nt e d m i nist e r o f p o lic e o n B rras m o ti o n ’
,
a .
204 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

e ve ryb o dy b e gge d o f him t o divulg e th o s e m e ans The m o st .

i nflu e nti a l a m o ng the m e mb e rs o f b o th ass e mbli e s assur e d hi m 1

th at he had but t o sp e a k a nd th at in all in which th e y c an h e l p

, ,

him th e y will stro ngly a ssist him B e fo re pro p o si ng a nythi ng

, .
,

S i ey es d e sir e d t o se e e v e rythi ng with his o w n e y e s t o e x a mi ne ,

a nd t o p o nd e r Th e r e sult o f his i nv e stig ati o ns was th at no thi ng

.

us e ful c o uld b e a cc o mplish e d with t he c o ll e agu e s he had T h e re .

a nd th e n thr e e o f th e m w e r e r e m o v e d A m o ng th e ir succ e ss o rs .

t wo w e re but r e gul a r ciph e rs t he third w as d e v o t e d t o him

, S i ey es .
2

th e n no l o nge r c o mpl ai ne d o f the m e n it was he urg e d ab so , , ,

lu t e ly ne c e ss a ry t o m o dify t he i n stituti o ns Five rul e rs we re to o .

m any ; thr e e w o uld b e su ffi ci e nt The nam e o f Dire ct o ry had .

b e c o m e h at e ful it must b e re pl a c e d by s o m e o th e r a pp e ll ati o n .

I t w as ab o v e a ll thi ngs i ndisp e ns a bl e th at t he g o v e r nm e nt

, ,

sh o uld co mpris e a m o ng its m e mb e rs a milit ary m a n p o ss e ssi ng

t he c o nfid e nc e o f t he a rmy a s u nl e ss a g o v e r n m e nt b e supp o rt e d
,

by t he a rmy it is p o we rl e ss t o do a ny go o d
, .

M o re au h avi ng b e e n s o u nd e d as t o wh e th e r he w o uld acc e p t

,

t he p o st o f m e mb e r o f t he g o v e r nm e nt d e cli ne d all but milit a ry ,

fu ncti o ns G e ne ra l J o ub e rt w as th e n th o ught o f a nd in o rd e r t o
.
, ,

e nabl e him t o w in t he d e sir abl e fa m e he did no t ye t p o ss e ss he ,

w as s e nt t o I t a ly with a c o mm and O n a rrivi ng he fo ught .

,

i mprud e tly t e b attl e o f N o v i a nd w as kill e d a t t he b e gi nni ng

n h 3
,

o f t he a cti o n thus c a usi ng a ll t h e h o p e s built o n him t o v a nish

, .

The situ ati o n r e m ai ne d a s i ntric at e a s e v e r and go o d ne ss k no ws ,

ho w m a tt e rs w o uld h av e e nd e d but fo r an e v e nt which t he ,

Dire ct o ry l e ast e xp e ct e d .

A ft e r t he c o nqu e st o f Egypt B o nap a rt e had fo ll o w e d up t he

,

e x e cuti o n o f his pl a n s by att e mpti ng th a t o f S yri a But A cre .

st o pp e d his pr o gre ss A lth o ugh he had l o st a ll his si e ge gu ns

.
,

c apture d by E nglish cruis e rs o n the w ay fro m Egypt to S yri a he

, ,

insist e d o n a tt a cki ng t he Turkish str o ngh o ld A ft e r furi o usly .

1
Th e Con se ils des A m ie n s ( C o n u cil
o f the E ld r
e s) and th e Conseil des Cin g Cents
u cil
( C o n o f th e F eiv H u dr d
n e ) .

2
T his ch g
an e o f dir ct rs c stitut d wh t is k w
e o on e a ist ry
no n in h o
’
as th e co up d eta t

ofP a r iri l
a 3 0 ( M ay i d
a me ss bli s g i st
b y t he a e m e ir ct ry
a a n ir ct r
the D e o D e o .

r vd
T re ilhard w as e m o e , a nd G hi r pp i t d
o e a his st
o n e in e ad L are ve illére L ép e au x .
-

a nd M e rli w r c ll d up
n e e a e o n tor sig b i g r pl c d by uli s
e n, e n e a e g r uc s
M o n and R o e D o
tir ly v t d S i y s
.

l tt r
T he a e w as e n e de o e t o e e
‘

A ugust 1 5 1 7 99
.

3
,
.
 06 TH E M E llI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

t u t io n t o be submitte d to the a ppro va l o f the prim ary ass e mbli e s ,

fo r t he s o v e r e ig nty o f t he p e o pl e was a d o gm a which no b o dy

w as th e n dre a mi ng o f putti ng i nt o qu e sti o n
, ,
1
.

This pl an h avi ng b e e n a rra nge d the c o u ncil o f e ld e rs , ,

a cc o rdi ng t o t he rights c o nfe rr e d o n th e m by t he c o nstituti o n ,

a nd u nd e r the pre t e xt o f the e xcit e me nt e xisti ng in P aris ,

t ransfe rre d t he s e at o f t he l e gisl ature t o S t C l o ud By so . .

d o i ng it w as h o p e d t o c he c k all o bst a cl e s t o t he m e asure s th a t

,

ha d b e e n c o nc e rt e d The t wo m o st i n flu e nti a l m e mb e rs o f t he
.

Dire ct o ry ( S i ey es and B arr as ) t he m aj o rity o f t he c o u ncil o f t he

,

e ld e rs a nd a p o rti o n o f t he c o u ncil o f t he Fiv e H u ndr e d w e r e ,

in fav o ur o f this st e p O n Brum a ir e 1 8 ( N o v e mb e r 9

. t he ,

Dir e ct o ri a l gu a rds u nd e r the c o mm and o f A u ge re au who had ,

b e e n app o i nt e d t o it si nc e Fructid o r 1 8 a h o st o f ge ne ra l o ffic e rs ,

a nd o th e r milit a ry m e n o f a ll r a nks as a ls o a f e w sights e e rs , ,

a m o ngst wh o m I w as r e p a ir e d t o S t C l o ud in o rd e r t o att e nd
,
.
,

t he sitti ng .

N o twithst andi ng this displ ay o f fo rc e t he c o u ncil o f t he ,

A f w d ys b f r h us sc
B i um aire 1 8, m y o e was the

*
i cid t wh l
1
e a e o e e ne o f a n n e n , th e o e
i t rs
n e e t of which li s e th tt d d it G
in t he c ii c u m stanc e s at a e n e p rt e n e i al B o na a e , w ho
.

w as th r idi g
en es h t ri
n i n the rue C an e e ne , c ll d a e v i g t lk b ut
o n m e , o ne e e n n , t o a a o

the pr li i ri s his i t d d
e m na e o f n en e
’
th livi g
co up d et a t I w as
’
h us
en
. n in a o e in t he ru e
which b li v
T a itb o ut , , I si c b k w
e e e , h as n e e enu b no n a s n m e r 2 4 situ t d I t w as a e at.

t he b cka y rd
o fa a ,
first fl r it c
a nd, the oo u ic t d w th r
of omm n a e s v rl ki g i oo m o e oo n th e
str tee W e e e e n o e in o n e a o n in the
. w r gr ss d c v rs ti dr wi g r whicha n lig d
oo m w as -
ht e
c dl s wh
b y a fe w an e b ut
e n, at a o cl ck o ne o
’
o r i g rd gr t is
in the m o n n , w e h e a a e a no e

in t he str t it s u d d lik
ee o n e ridi g c rri g s
e th e n of a st pi g h rs s uch
a e and t he am n of o e , s

as m ight pr duc d by
be o e c rt c v lry S udd ly
an e s o of a a c rri g s st pp d
en . th e ,
a a e o e in
fr t
on of my h us o G r l B p rt tur d p l
e e ne a
. o na a e ne quit b li v
a e , and I did e e e e I t he
s am e . W e at o n e o
c th ught th t p pl a c eo e h adrr st us
o m e to r ra e b y o de o f t he
ir ct ry
D e o l w
I b e c dl s
o u t th e w t
an tipt
e , and en on fr t r s
o e , t o o ne o f th e on oo m
str t S
.

wh c c uld
en e I o wh t
se e g i g
a was o n o n in the ti ee l ps d b f r c uld
om e me e a e
. e o e I o

a sc rt i
e a n the r l c us
ea a this upr r which h w v r tur d
e o f all oa , o e e , si ply ne o u t to b e m
gr t squ A s th s d ys
,

o e e in
. o e str ts
a , t
he ris w r
ee r ly s f
of Pa ight
e e ha d a e at n l t he
, a l

y g
m o ne o f am b n li g h us s o c ll ct d
e cl si g ti
w as o e e , a t
-
r vd
o n c s
m e , a nd e m o e -
in ab , fo r
which , inthis c s pr pri t r
a e th e o bt i d fr
e o had o a ne p lic th t
o m t he sc rto e a an e o of

g e n da rm es,which hi s lf p id h uld v ry ight cc p y

he m e a , s o , e e n c s
, a o m an the ab as f a r as

his r sid c which

e en e lic y th r
w as in the ru e de C ut
h , or e e ab oight qu sti O n th e n in
. e o n,

o ne o f th s c bs
e e a with
had m e t ccid t x ctly fr t
an a en e a r thus c us i g
in o n o f m y do o , a n
t he wh l p rty st p th ir
o e a to o on e b ut qu rt r
w ay fo r a o ah ur a e l ug d
o f an o We a he a .

g d d l
oo g r l
e a , t he e ne a p ic which h w v r
a nd I , at o u r an , but tur l
o e e w as na a o n th e

p rt p pl cqu i t
of eo w r with
a n e d as w e disp si i t he ir ct ry
o t o n o f th e D e nd th e
r s rti g —
a e a e e o , a

vi l t
o en m ea sur th y w r c p bl
es e e e a a e of e o n to ( P ri nee Ta lleyra nd
.

I n 1 680 , it w a s b u t a sm a ll la ne k no w n u n d e r t h e na m e o f
“
R u e lle t t e a u x m ara is de s P o rc he ro ns
( Lit t le la ne o ft he ‘ s‘ w ine he rds sw a m ”p) I n 1 7 3 4, it w as c alle d R u e lle de s p o ste s, c han e d a fte r
’
g
v
.

w a rds t o t ha t o f ru e C ha nt e re ine T he re , B o na p arte p o sse sse d a re side nc e , w he re he c a m e to li e

gF F F v
.

o n re e nt e rin ra nc e , a ft e r t he t re a t y o fC a m o o rm io ro m t his c irc u m st a nc e , t ha t st re e t re c e i e d

p .

I n 1 8 1 6 , i t re su m e d it s fo rm e r nam e o f ru e C ha nte re ine , a nd i n

!
t he na m e o f ru e de la V ic to ire
v
.

1 8 3 2 it re as su m e d t he na m e o f ru e de la V ic to ire , w hic h it p re se r e s t o t his da y

,
I t is situ a te d no t
.

fa r fro m t he O p e ra .
TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E D I R E C TOR Y ,
TH E C ON S UL A TE , 20 7

Five H u ndre d o ffe re d such o pp o siti o n t o t he pro p o s e d m o difi c a

ti o n o f t he c o nstituti o n as t o j e o p a rdiz e the e x e cuti o n o f the pl n
, a

in V i e w a lth o ugh its o bj e ct w a s m e r e ly t o substitut e o ne fo rm o f

,

p olyg a rcby fo r a no th e r ( I a m a lways o blig e d t o m a k e u se o f

this b a rb a ric e xpre ssi o n fo r w ant o f a ny e quiva l e nt) Thus it , .

is e a sy t o im agi ne wh at w o uld h ave h app e ne d t o him w ho had

m a nife st e d a ny d e sire t o pl ay t he p a rt o f M o nk he w o uld h ve a

had ag a i nst him ne arly a ll t he m e n t o wh o m t he succ e ss o f t he

co up d e ta t o f Brum a ir e 1 8 w as m o r e o r l e ss du e
’ ’

, , .

A t l a st b o th p e rsu a si o n a nd thr e a ts h avi ng b e e n br o ught t o

,

b e a r the m o ti o n w as c arri e d Th e Dire ct o ry w a s diss o lve d

,
.
,

S i ey es R o ge r Duc o s
,
a n d B o nap a rt e w e r e a pp o i nt e d c o n suls
,
1
,

a nd t he c o mmitt e e s w ho w e r e t o dr a ft t he pr o j e ct o f c o nstituti o n

w e re a ll th a t re m ai ne d o f t he C o u ncils Te n o r tw e lve d ays .

l at e r I agai n b e c a m e F o re ig n S e cre ta ry
,
.

The o v e rthr o w o f t he Dir e ct o ry c o uld no t fa il t o pl e a s e o r t ,

a

l e a st be i ndi ffe re nt t o a ll t he fo re ig n p o we rs fri e ndly with Franc e

, .

Th e re b e i ng no re a s o n t o fe ar a ny m o di fi c ati o n in th e ir disp o si
ti o n no sp e ci a l st e ps w e r e ne e d e d t o i nfo rm th e m o f the ch ange
,

o f g o v e r nm e nt A s fo r h o stil e p o we rs t he o nly h0 p e o fa lt e ri ng
.
,

th e ir a ttitud e t o wa rds France lay in fre sh victo ri e s Th o ugh no .

ne g o ti ati o ns ha d t o b e c a rri e d o n abr o a d ye t a t h o m e a m o st ,

imp o rt ant and de lica t e ne g o ti ati o n w as b e i ng pro c e e d e d wi t h ,

a nd a lth o ugh I had no thi ng t o do with it in a n o ffici a l c a p a city ,

it c o uld no t b e e ith e r fo r e ig n o r i ndiffe r e nt t o m e .

I t b e c a m e ne c e ss a ry e ith e r t o re e st ablish m o na rchy o r e ls e -

t o h av e m a d e t he 1 8 Brum a ire in v ai n thus p o stp o ni ng t o a n u n ,

c e rt ai n and p e rh aps i nd e fi nite d at e t he h o p e o f a r e st o ra ti o n o f

m o na rchic al i nstituti o ns R e e st ablishi ng m o na rchy did no t m e an .
-

raisi ng the thro ne agai n M o na rchy has thre e d e gr e e s o r fo rms .

it is e l e ctive fo r a tim e e l e ctive fo r life o r he re di t ary Wh at is , ,

.

c all e d t he thro ne c anno t b e l o ng to the fi rst o f th e s e thre e fo rms ,

a nd d o e s no t ne c e ss a rily b e l o ng t o t he s e c o nd N o w to re a ch t he .
,

1
t R ge r D uc o s b r n in 1 7 5 4 h d b n m e m b e r o fth N ti n l
The C o m e o , o ,
a ee a e a o a

C o nv nti o n wh r h vo t d f r th d th f t h ki ng
e , e e e H e w s l ct d
e m mb r f
o e ea o e . a e e e a e e o

t he C u ncil fth E lde rs

o f which he b c m t h pr sid e n t in 1 7 96
o e , o O n P r iri l 3 0 e a e e e . a a ,

he w pp i nte d o n o f the D ir ct rs O n B u m ire 1 8 h g v e ctiv supp rt t

as a o e e o . r a , e a a e o o

B n p rt b e c m e c nsul p r t mp r and w s ppo i nt d s n t r u nd r th m pi

o a a e, a
’

a o o e o e, a a e a e a o e e e re ,

in 1 8 1 4 ; h w pp i nt d p e r o fF r nce duri ng the H u ndre d D ys w e xil d in

e as a o e a e a ,
a , as e

181 5 nd di e d t Ulm in 1 8 1 6
, a a .
20 8 TH E M E N/ OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

third with o ut p assi ng succ e ssive ly by t he two o th e rs u nl e ss

, ,

Franc e we re in t he p o we r o f fo re ign fo rc e s w as a thi ng ab so ,

lut e ly imp o ssibl e I t might it is tru e no t h av e b e e n so if L o uis

.
, , ,

X V I had liv e d but t he murd e r o f th a t pri nc e had put a n insur

.
,

m o u nt abl e o bst acl e in t he way

The p assi ng fr o m p o lyg a rchy t o h e re dit a ry m o narchy c o uld no t
b e imm e di a t e t he r e sult b e i ng as a ne c e ss a ry c o ns e qu e nc e th a t
, , ,

t he re e st ablishm e nt o f t he l att e r a nd t he re e st ablishm e nt o f t he

- -

h o us e o f B o urb o n c o uld no t b e simult ane o us Thus it w as .

i ndisp e ns abl e t o p av e the w ay fo r t he r e st o rati o n o f m o narchic a l

i nstituti o ns with o ut h avi ng re ga rd fo r the sp e ci al i nt e re sts o f
t he h o us e o f B o urb o n which tim e might bri ng b ack if it so
, ,

h app e ne d th at he who w as t o o ccupy t he thro ne pro ve d hims e lf

u nwo rthy and d e s e rv e d t o l o s e it I t w as ne c e ss a ry t o m ak e a .

t e mp o ra ry s o v e r e ig n w ho might b e c o m e s o v e r e ig n fo r life a nd ,

e v e ntu ally h e r e dit a ry m o narch The qu e sti o n w as no t wh e th e r

.

B o nap art e had t he qu aliti e s m o st d e sirabl e in a m o narch ; he

had u nqu e sti o nably th o s e which w e r e i ndisp e ns abl e t o ag ai n
,

a ccust o m Fr a nc e t o m o na rchic a l discipli ne as she w as still ,

i nfatu at e d with e ve ry re vo luti o na ry d o ctri ne ; a nd no o ne

p o ss e ss e d th o s e qu aliti e s in t he s a m e d e gre e as he did .

The r e a l p o i nt w as ho w c o uld B o nap art e b e m ad e a t e mp o r a ry

s o v e re ig n ? I f o ne pro p o s e d t o a pp o i nt him s o l e c o nsul o ne ,

b e tray e d vi e ws which c o uld no t b e c o nc e al e d with t o o much

c are I f o n the o th e r h and o ne g ave him c o ll e agu e s e qu a l t o
.
, ,

him in rank and p o we r o ne re m ai ne d in p o lyga rchy

, .

Th e y re m ai ne d in p o lygarchy if th e y e st ablish e d a l e gisl ative

b o dy e ith e r p e rm ane nt o r which w as t o sit at fi x e d d at e s witho ut
, ,

pre vi o us summ o ns and t o pro ro gu e its e lf I f this b o dy th o ugh

, .
,

divid e d i nt o two disti nct ass e mbli e s c o uld a l o ne m ak e the ,

l aws th e y re m ai ne d in p o lygarchy I n sh o rt th e y re m ai ne d in
,
.
,

p o lyg archy if t he high o ffici als and chi e fly t he j udge s w e re to , ,

c o nti nu e to b e nam e d by t he e l e ct o ral a ss e mbli e s The pro bl e m .

t o b e s o lv e d w a s as m ay b e s e e n v e ry i ntric a t e a nd bristli ng
, , ,

with so m any di fficulti e s th at it was a lm o st imp o ssibl e t o avo id

a rbitr a ry m e asur e s ; a nd th e y w e r e no t av o id e d .

Thre e c o nsuls w e re cre at e d a fi rst a s e c o nd and a third , , ,

c o nsul u ne qu a l in ra nk a nd wh o s e re sp e ctiv e duti e s we r e such

, ,
210 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

s e lf t o h ave b e e n b e traye d had re c all e d his tro o ps fro m G e rm any ,

1
.

The First Co nsul a v a ili ng hims e lf o f this circumst an c e c o ll e ct e d , ,

t he fe w R ussi an pris o ne rs w ho w e r e in Fr an c e had th e m ne wly ,

cl o the d a nd s e nt h o m e with o ut ra ns o m H e dire c te d o ne o f

, .

t he o ffi c e rs w ho c o mm a nd e d th e m t o o ffe r t o t he Emp e r o r P a ul
t he sw o rd o f L a V a l e tt e fo u n d at M alt a I t is k no w n th at t he .

Em pe ro r o f R ussi a had t a k e n t he o rd e r o f M a lt a u nd e r his

sp e ci a l pro t e cti o n T o uch e d by th e s e d e lic a t e pro c e e di ngs t he .
2
,

Emp e ro r P a ul w ho g o t e a sily pre j udice d dire ct e d G e ne ra l v o n

, ,

S p re ngt p o rt e n t o m a k e o ve rtur e s o f p e a c e t o Fr anc e ; th e s e

3
,

o ve r t ur e s w e r e fo ll o w e d up by M de K a lit c he ff a nd le d t o a .
,

d e fi nit e tre aty which I ne go ti at e d a nd signe d with M de M arko ff, . .

4

1 just c o nqu e r e d P i e d m o nt and by the o r de rs o f his m st e r h d

S o uw aro fl h ad
'

a a

w ritt n to the Ki ng f S a di ni to i nvit e him to r turn to his p ss ssi o ns A ustri which

, , ,

e o r a e o e a,

c v e t d N rth rn I t ly w s stirr d b y th t m e sure nd the A ulic C o u ncil which

.

o e o e a , a e a a ,
a ,

h d th dir cti o n f the m ilit ry o p r ti o ns rid th e m s e lve s o f this tr o ubl e s o m e lly by

a e e o a e a a
s e n di ng him to S witz rl nd Th R ussi an ar m y su ff re d cru e lly in cro ssi ng th A lps
,

e a . e e e ,

and w s d e str y e d at Z urich

a Th E m p r r P u l nd S u w
o ff w r m uch irrit t e d e e o a a o aro e e a
A ustri ns wh o m they accus e d o f b e i ng th c us e o f this dis st e r nd the
.

ag i ns t th
a e a ,
e a a ,
a

R ussi n tr ps w r e r e c ll e d
a oo e a .

The i n t rv nti o n f th e C z r P ul in th e f
2
e e f irs o f th e o rd e r o f M lt is o ne o f
o a a a a a a

t h si ngul riti e s o f th e hist o ry f th t ti m e

e a Th r l ti ns b tw e e n th e t w p w rs o a . e e a o e o o e

d t e fr m 1 7 5 Th rd r p o ss e ss d gr e t w e lth in P l nd This w e lth be i ng

a o 9 . e o e e a a o a . a

i n clud e d in the t e rrit ri s f ll n to R ussi afte r th divisi n o f 1 79 5 the Gr nd M as t e r

o e a e a e o , a -
,

P ri nc d R h n e nd e v ur e d t o ne g o ti t e
e o a n rr ng m e nt with C th e ri ne The
,
e a o a a a a e a .

E m p r o r P ul h vi ng in t h m nti m asc nd d th thr ne t o k th

e a , a f ir t h rt
f e ea e e e e o , o e a a o ea ,

e nt r e d i nt o r l ti ns wit h M alt
e nd w e a i nfl m d with liv e ly ad m ir ti n f r the
o a, a as a e a a o o

o ld n d gl ri us tr diti ns f t he K nights o f S t J h n
a o o aO n J nu ry 4 1 7 9 7 th r e
o o . o . a a , , e

w as s ign d n i nst ru m nt b y t h t e rm s o f which th e p ss e ssio ns o f the rd e r in

e a e e o o

P o l nd w r e tr nsf rr d t o t he gr n d pri o ry o f R ussi

a e a eS e v enty t w c o m m nd e ri s
e a a -
o a e

A ft r
.

w e r cre t d in n y e ar The C z r nd his n b c m e Knights f M lt

e a e o e . a a so e a o a a. e

t he t ki ng o f t h
a isl nd b y the F r nch the C z r o n the re qu e st f the gr nd pri o ry
e a e a o a

o rd e r ( S e pt m b r
, ,

d cl r e d hi m s e lf pr t e ct o r f th
e a o nd t w o m o n ths ft r o e e e a a e ,

th pl c e f Gr nd M ast r h v ing b e co m v c nt fr cti n f th o rde r h d the

e a o a e a e a a ,
a a o o e a

id a o f o ff ri ng it to the C z r P ul s o l e m nly acc e pt e d this n w dig nity B o n p rt e

e e a . a e . a a

pr fit e d skilf lly by th s e circu m st nce s t c ncili t R ussi nd t d e t ch it fr m

o u e a o o a e a, a o a o

G r m ny I t w s th n that he s e nt t the C z r t he sw rd f L V l tt e the Gr nd

e a . a e o a o o a a e , a

M st r fo u nd t M lt
a e cc rdi ng t o n th r uth rity th sw rd o f the
a a a o r, a o a o e a o e o

Gr nd M ast r V illi e rs d 1 I l A d m th t L e X h d giv e n t th t illust ri o us w rri r

, ,
’
a e e e- a , a o . a o a a o

as a r m m b r nc e f his fi ne d e f nce o f R h o d s W h n M lt was t k e n by the

e e a o e e e a a a

E nglish P ul cl i m d it i n qu lity fGr nd M st e r ( S pt m b r

.

,
a a e But the E ng a o a a e e e

lish r e fu d f rm lly to c d e this i m p o rt nt p st and rupture e nsu e d The d t h

se o a e a o a ea

H is succ ss r A l e x nde r did

, .

o f P u l ( M rch 1 80 1 ) t e r m i nat e d this curi us pis d e

a a o e o e o a ,

( C o nsult the M m oir o f A bb é

.
,

n t cl i m t he isl nd and the m tt e r e nd e d th e r e

o a a , a . e s

G e o rge l .
)
B r n J o ram o n S pre ngt po rte n a S w e dish ge ne r l and o ne o f the auth rs o f
3
a o v ,
a , o

the R v o luti n o f 1 7 7 2 p ss d
e ft rw rds i nt o t he s e rvic f R ussi
o H e b cam e , a e a e a e o a . e

go v rn r f F i nl nd ft e r the c o nqu e st o f th t co u ntry b y R ussi nd di e d in o blivi n

e o o a a a a, a o

A rc di I v n vitch C unt M rk ff w as u nd r the re ig n f

.
,

O ct o b e r 8 1 80 1
4
a a o o a o e o

H ving f ll e n i nt disgr ce u nd r P aul

, .
, , ,

C th ri ne first c u ns e ll o r o f fo r ig n fl irs
'

a e o e a a a a o a e

I he w as r e c ll d b y A l e x nd e r
, .

.
, nd pp i nt d m b ss ad r at P ris in 1 80 1 H e
a e a , a a o e a a o a .

i ncurre d the e nm ity o f B o n p rt e who d e mand e d nd o btai ne d his r e m o v al O n a a ,

a .
TI I E C ON VE N TI OI V, TH E DI RE C TOR Y ,
TH E C ON S U LA TE . 21 1

M de M rk o ff had m ad e his fi rst app e a ra nc e in public lif

. a e

u nd e r t h re ig n o f t he Empre ss C at h ri ne a nd had b e e n s e nt
e e ,

l at e r t o P ris as o ne o f t he m o s t skilful busi n ss m e n f R ussi

a ,
e o a .

H e a pp are d t o m e a b d t e mp e re d m an wi t h o u t i n s t ructi o n b u t
e a -

, ,

wit t y H is t e mp e r b o re t h e n up n his w n go ve rnm nt which

. o o e ,

is v e ry c o nve ni e nt fo r t he mi nist e r o f fo re ig n a ffa irs o f a n t h r o e

c o u ntry Whil t he Emp e ro r P a ul live d busi n ss re l ti o ns we re

. e ,
e a

e sya nd g re e abl e but a t t he cc e ssi o n o f t he Emp e ro r

a a , ,
a

A l e x nd e r M de M a rk o ff b e c m e a rr o g a nt a nd i nsupp o r t bl
a , . a a e .

I t w s wi t h him t h a t I tr e a t e d t h
a imp o r t ant m att e r o f t he e

s e cul a riz ti o ns in G e rm a ny a .
1

C a r no t m e mb e r f t he Dir e ct o ry h avi ng e sc p e d fr o m
,
o ,
a

C y n ne wh re he h d b e e n
a e cru e lly e xil e d wi t h so m any
,
e a so ,

o t h e rs on Fructid r 1 8 had fo r s o m e tim e b e e n h o ldi ng

,
o ,

t he p o st o f mi n is t e r of w r H is fi rst c a r e o n t a ki ng a .
,

of fic e w s t o a ss e mbl e t w o a rmi s ne o n t he R hi ne t he
,
a e ,
o ,

o th e r at t h e fo o t o f t h A lps G e n r a l M o r e au h d t he e . e a

c o mm and o f t he fi rst ; B o n p rt e wi t h t he s e c o nd rush e s a a

up o n I t ly by a ne w ro ut e nd wi t h o ut l o si ng
a c anno n ,
a ,
a ,

cro ss e s Gre a t S t B e r na rd M ay 2 0 1 80 0 H e fa lls wi t h o u t .

, , .
,

wa r ni ng up o n t he A us t ri a ns a nd a ft e r s e v e ra l fo rtu n t e nc o u n
, , ,
a e

t e rs he give s b ttl e J u ne 1 4 at M ar e ngo a fte r a h ard c o nt e s t

,
a , ,

F o rtu ne a id e d by G e ne ra l D es a ix nd G e ne ra l K e ll e rm a n
,
2
,
a
3
,

his r e turn to R ussi M rk ff w ft n e ntrust d with i m p rt n t dipl m tic m issi ons

a, a o as o e e o a o a .

H e di d t v ry dv nc d g
e a a e a a e a e .

I t w uld n d
1
v lu m nd p rh ps I sh ll m k it t giv full cc unt o r
o ee a o e, a e a a a e , o e a a o

this i m p rt nt qu sti n The M rquis d L ucch si ni h tri e d it b t in his w rk he

o a e o a e e as u o

h s nly o ccupi d hi m s lf with p rs n l j t ifi ti n — str ng w y o f writi ng th

.
,

a o e e e o a us ca o s a a e a e

hist ry o f n s ti m s f r it r r ly m o difi s the pi ni ns f n s c nt m p r ri e s W h e n

o o e
’
e , o a e e o o o o e
’
o e o a .

o n is c ll d t s ttl e p litic l qu e sti o ns f g t i m p rt nc o ne m ust l v e t

e a e o e o a o re a o a e, ea o

th s wh s priv t e i nt r sts h ve b n s crific d to th g n r l i nt r st th c ns l

o e o e a e e a ee a e e e e a e e e o o a

ti n o fb l m i ng the ne go ti t rs nd f c lu m ni ti ng th m with ut scrupl

o a U p t this a o a o a a e o e . o

ti m e th t which pp e rs t b m st x ct n th t p e ri o d is th w rk o f B r n v n
a a a o e o e a o a e o a o o

G g rn ( T) m n fs ns tt ch d t th h us f N ss —( T ll yr nd )
,

a e , a a o e e, a a e o e o e o a au a e a
Th M q i J e m l L h i i ( 75
ar u s P i dip l m i w m b d
e ro e ce u cc es n 1 2 a ru ss a n o a t st , as a assa or at

P i i 8 Th w k m i d b v S ll
ar s n 1 02 eg li fl t i d ll
or fd zi l
e nt o ne ( I) a o e u e c a u se e e
'

ec e a co n e e ra on e r t e n a na
y m ly i I li ( Fl
.

w p b li h d
as u s e ano n ous n ta an o re nc e ,
1 Th B
'
J h e G ga ro n( 7 66 85 ) w mi i o f h P i
an vo n fN P i d a e rn 1 -
1 2 as n ste r o t e r nc e o assau a t a r s, u n er

th Ce l H h
o nsu at e . l f m w k hi y d p li i l
e as my e t nu e ro u s or s on st o r an o t ca e c o no .

I C dCa us e s a n
q f h C fd i f h R hi o nse u e nc e s o t e on e e ra t o n o t e ne
L u is A n t in D es ix issu f n b l f m ily r i gi n lly f A y t n r R i o m
.

2 o -
o e and e o a o e a o a o a ea a

k n w n b f r th R v luti n u nd r th n m f D A ix d V yg
, , ,

o e o e e e o B rn in 1 768 o e e a e o es e e ou s . o ,

D es ix w a in 1 7 8 9 b li e ut n n t in t h B itt ny r gi m n t
as , H b c m C m m iss ry
su -
e a e r a e e . e e a e o a

o f W r in 1 7 9 1 a nd g n r l f divisi n in 1 7 9 4 aH w i nti m t ly ss ci te d with

e e a o o e as a e a o a

B n p rt f ll w d him i nt o E gypt r turne d t E uro p fte r th tre ty f E l A risch

, .

o a a e, o o e e o e a e a o

kill d t M r ng J u n 1 4 1 800
, ,

a nd w as e a a e o, e , .

3 F an
r c is E ti e nne Ke ll rm nn ( 1 7 70 1 83 5 ) w the s n o f the o ld M rsha l
o -
e a -
as o a

P 2
212 TH E xlI E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

d e cl a re s fo r him wh e n e ve n he hims e lf no l o nge r h o p e d fo r it .

Th e a rmistic e which fo ll o w e d m a d e him a g a i n m a s t e r o f ,

I t a ly W a rne d by t he fe a rs th at he ha d h ad o f a d e fe at he
.
,

k ne w no w b e tt e r ho w t o pro fit by his vict o ry with o ut abusi ng it .

H e fe lt t he ne e d o f str e ngth e ni ng his p o w e r b e fo r e i n cr e asi ng

it a nd k no wi ng we ll th at milit a ry gl o ry w o uld b e his pri ncip a l
,

ti t l e t o p o we r he fe a re d th o s e vict o ri e s fo r which Fra n c e wo uld

,

no t b e i nd e bt e d t o him a lm o st as much a s t he r e v e rs e s h e .

e ndur e d hims e l f S o he h a st e ne d t o se t up by his a rmis t ic e t he

.
, ,

b asis o f a ne w p e ac e in which t he e mpir e o f G e rm a ny sh o uld b e ,

c o mpris e d which re nd e re d a lm o st us e l e ss the vict o ry o f H o h e n

,

li nd e n which had o p e ne d t he r o a d t o V i e nna t o G e ne ra l M o re au

1
, .

Th e tr e aty b e twe e n Fr a nc e and A ustri a stipul ati ng fo r h e rs e lf

a nd f o r t he e mpir e w as t o b e ne g o ti a t e d a t Lu nevill e a nd
, ,

C o u nt L o uis v o n Co b e n l h ad b e e n d e sig nat e d as p le nip o t e n z

2

t iary by t he e mp e r o r w h o h ad a uth o riz e d him t o g o t o P a ris ,

b e fo re t he o p e ni ng o f t he ne go ti ati o ns The c o urt o f V i e nna .

ha d ch o s e n him b e c aus e he ha d tr e a t e d a t C a mp o F o rmi o with -

B o nap art e w ho w as th e n o nly G e n ra l o f t he A rmy o f I t a ly

,
e ,

a nd b e c a u s e i ntim at e r e l a ti o n s had th e n spru ng up b e tw e e n th e m

which Co u nt v o n Co b e nz l b e li e ve d it w o uld b e e asy t o r e ne w ,

but which the First C o nsul s o o n c a us e d him to fo rge t Th e re .

h a pp e ne d o n this o cc asi o n a rath e r curi o us sc e ne .

B o nap a rt e gav e Co be n l a firs t audi e nc e at ni ne o cl o ck in th e z

’

e v e n i ng a t t he Tuil e ri e s
, H e ha d a t t e nd e d p e rs o na lly to t he .

a rr ng e m e n t o f t he r o o m in which he wish e d t o r e c e iv e t h e
a

A us t ri an pl e nip o t e n ti a ry ; it w a in t he p a rl o ur which pr e c e d e s s

t he ki ng s study H e ha d c us e d t o b e put in t he c o r ne r a
’
. a

sm a ll t abl e in fro nt o f which he w as s e a te d a ll o th e r s e ats ha d

,

b e e n re m o ve d th e re o nly re m ai ne d s o fas which h o we ve r w e r e

, , , ,

rat h e r fa r fro m t he t abl e O n this w e re p ap e rs a nd a n i nkst a nd

*
.

K ll rm an D de V l m y H e w s g e ne r l f brig d e t M re ngo wh re h de cide d

e e ue a a a o a a a e e

H e b e c m e p r o f F r anc duri ng the H u ndr d

.
, ,

t h vic o ry t t h h
e t d fhis c v lry
a e ea o a a a ee e e

w a e xclud e d fr m t he U pp e r H o us e by L o uis X VI I I
.

D ysa ,
s o nd did no t re e nt e r it .
,
a -

u ntil 1 83 0
A vill ge o f B v ri a thirty kil o m tr s st f M u nich The victo ry o f M o r u
.

l
a a a e e ea o ea

ve r the A rchduk e J o h an w as o b t i ne d D c m b r 3 1 800

.

o a e e e

am b ass d r fr m A ustri
.
,

L uis C o u nt
2 o n C o be n l ( 1 75 8 vo at C p e nh g n
z a o o a o a e

t B rli n nd t S t P t rsburg pl nip t nt i ry at C m p o F m i o at R st dt nd t

, ,

a e a a e e e o e a a -
or a a a a

C h nc e ll o r f S t t nd M i nist r o f F o re ig n A f
.
, ,

L u nevill e . a of irs in 1 80 2
a e a e a .

Th p i d e di g f m M
er o h 8 5 ( t
e xt e n f m E lb ) t J
n ro 8 8 5 ( b di
a rc i f 20 , x r re u rn ro a o u ne 2 1 1 a cat o n o
N pla F i bl ) T l t )
o e o n at o nt a ne e au . ra ns a or .
, ,
2 14 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

re c o ve re d th e m all with o ut h avi ng t o re st o re a nythi ng P e r ,

.

h aps he r dig nity m ay h ave suffe r e d fro m he r h avi ng l e ft a ll

t he burd e n o f t he c o mp e ns a ti o ns t o t h e ch a rg e o f S p a i n a nd

H o ll a nd he r a lli e s w ho ha d b e e n e ng g e d in t he w a r o nly fo r
, ,
a

he r s a k e a nd by he r a dvic e But th at is a c o nsid e rati o n m a d e .

1

by fe w p e o pl e a nd which ne v e r pre s e nts i t s e lf t o t he mi nds

,

o f t he multitud e a ccust o m e d t o t a k e t he succ e ss o f b ad fa ith

,

fo r cl e v e r ne ss .

I must no t o mit t o st a t e th a t o ne o f t he a rticl e s o f t he tr e a ty

o f A mi e ns stipul a t e d t he a b a nd o n m e nt o f M a lt a by t he E nglish .

B o nap arte w ho by g ai n i ng p o ss e ssi o n o f this isl and had ch ang e d

, , ,

t he fat e o f t he M e di t e rr a ne a n put gr e a t str e ss up o n h avi ng it ,

re st o re d t o its o ld m a st e rs a nd c o uld no t b e ar t o h e ar m e say ,

t h a t I w o u ld willi ngly h a v e l e ft M a lt a t o t he E nglish pr o vid e d ,

t he tr e a ty h a d b e e n sig ne d by Mr Pitt o r by Mr F o x i nst e a d . .

,

o f by M r A ddi ngt o n . .

Pre vi o us t o th o s e tr e ati e s a ki nd o f c o mp a ct o r agr e e m e nt ,

had put a n e nd t o t he civil w ar which h ad br o k e n o u t a ne w in

.

V e nd ee a nd t he pr o vi n c e s o f t he w e st .

A t t he tim e o f t he b a ttl e o f M a r e ng o a s e cr e t b o nd w as ,

fo rm e d b e twe e n B o nap a rt e a nd the P a p l C o urt The vict o ri o us a .

3

g e ne ra l h d h e ld a t Mil an s e ve ra l c o nfe r e n c e s with a n e nvo y

a , ,

fro m Pius V I I e l e ct e d at V e nic e as succ e ss o r t o Pius V I th e s e

.
, .

c o nfe re nc e s e v e ntu a lly le d t o t he Con o rda t subs e qu e ntly

“
c

sig ne d at P a ris by C a rdi na l C o ns a lvi Th is c o mp act a nd its .

i mm e di at e ratific ati o n re c o ncil e d Fra nc e with t he H o ly S e e ,

with o ut a ny o th e r o pp o si t i o n th a n th at o f a fe w milit ary m e n ,

v e ry br ave b e it s a id but wh o s e mi nds w e re no t l o fty e no ugh

, ,

f r a c o nc e p t i o n o f th a t ki nd
o .

I t w a s a ft e r this r e c o n cili a ti o n with t he C hurch t o which I ,

p o we rfully c o ntribut e d th at B o nap art e o bt a i ne d fro m t he P o p e ,

1
S p i l st th isl d fTri ity
a n o e an C e on o n and H ll d
o an yl
A susp si f r m s h d b
.
, ,
2
en o n o a a een ne in D e e m b e 1 799 O n an a sig d c r . J u ry 1 8 ,

1 800 , M d A ut icham p
’
. en e e in the nam e o f the surr d r d
o n e o f th e e t an pr vi c s l f b k of
t he L o e ir h till did
O n the 20 th, M de C a o n s th e am e in t he nam e o f the right
J u ry
. .

b an k In
. Britt y
an , M de B uro t g v hi s lf up
m on a e m e . on an a 24 , and eo G rg e s
th t
C ado u dal o n the 2 7 th , so wh l c u try
a the o e o n p cifi d
w as so o n a e
A s rly
.

3
ea u
as J ne 1 800 , B p rt p d g ti ti s with
o na a e had o e ne ne o a o n the o c urt of

R ome, thr ugh

o the m ediu r i l Bish p
m o fC a d na M artiniane , o o f V e rc e il
sig d J uly S cr t ry
.

4
The Con cordat w a s ne on
’
rdi l
1 5 , 1 80 1 s lvi
Ca na C o n a was the e e a

St t
.

of a e to the C o urt o fR om e .
 TH E C ON VE N TI OI V, TH E DI RE C TOR Y ,
TH E CON S UL A TE , 21 5

a bri e f fo r my s e cul a riz a ti o n The bri e f is d at e d fr o m S ai nt .

P e t r s o f R o m e J u ne 2 9
e
’

, ,

I t s e e ms t o m e th a t no thi ng e xpr e ss e s b e tt e r t he i ndulge nc e

o f Pius V I I t o wards mys e lf th a n wh a t he s aid o n day t o
.
,
e

C a rdi na l C o ns a lvi in sp e aki ng o f m e : M de T a ll e yr a nd ! h ! ,

. a

ah ! m a
y G o d h av e his s o ul as fo r m e I am v e ry fo nd o f him I ,

S witz e rl a nd wh o m t he Dir e ct o ry a t t he i n stiga ti o n o f

, ,

M M L a H a rp e and O chs wish e d t o tr ansfo rm i nt o a re public

.
2 3

o ne a nd i ndivisibl e ha d b e c o m e a g i n as she d e sire d a c o n ,

a , ,

fe d e r ati o n with t he a nci e nt l e agu e s ; and this by virtu e o f an ,

a c t c a ll e d t he ac t o f m e di a ti o n b e c a us e Fr a n c e ha d s e rv e d a s ,

m e di at o r b e twe e n a ll the o ld a nd ne w c a nt o ns .
4

A C TE G O U VE R N E M E N T DU .

A EE
RR T DU 2 F R U CT I D O R AN x , .

L e s C on suls de la répu b liqu e u le br e f du P p e Pie V I I do nné a S i nt P i e rr e

v a . a -

de R o m e le 2 9 J ui n, 1 80 2
S ur
le a r pp o rt da C o n s e ill e r d E tat
’
ch rgé a de t ut e s
o le s
'

afi aire s co nce rnant le s

cult s e

t du
L e C o n e d E t at e n e n s il ’

rf p
A rréte nt : L e b e du P a e P ie V I I do nn a a n P e e de R o m e , le 2 9 n . é S i t i rr -
J ui
1 80 2 , p ar el qu l cit y
e le h rl s
o en C a e Ma e de Ta e an , m n e de s e a on -
uric ll yr d i istr r l ti s

*
ex téri ur s
e r c r du
e de F an e , e st en a la v ie séculie re e t Iar e , a a so n e n e t e n e
‘

qu ur pl i ti r
effe t
pr i r c sul B A A
.

Le em e on ON P R TE
H B A
.

Le e s crét ir
’
a e d E tat M R ET . . .

F r é déric C é s r de l H rp e 1 7 5 4
2 -
b o rn in the C nt o n o fV aud had t k n
a a a a , a e

an ctiv p rt in th e tr u b l e s which b r k
a e a t in th t c u n try P ro scrib d ft e r the
o o e ou a o . e a

vic t ry f th C nt o n o f B e rn nd o b lig d t t k r fuge in F r nc h b r ught

o o e a , a e o a e e a e, e o

ab ut tho i nt rve nti o n o f th D ire ct o ry ; h e w s n m d dire ct o r t the ti m e f the

e e e a a e a o

pr cl m ti n o f th e H lv ti n R e public
o a a o e e a

P i rr O chs ( 1 74 9 1 82 4 ) w s l
3
e e S wiss re fuge e c om pro m is d fte r the risi ng
-
a a so a e a

of th e C nt n f V ud a H e w s a m e m b r o f the H lv ti n s e n t e nd dir e ct r in
o o a . a e e e a a a o

1 798
i nt e rve nti o n f th D ir ct o ry in S witz e rl nd h d o nly i ncre s d the dis o rde r ;
.

4
The o e e a a a e

5 0, wh n in 1 80 2 B n p rt e pr p o s d his m di ti o n it w s i m m di t e ly cce p te d
e o a a o e e a a e a a

A ll the c nt ns s e nt d puti s to P ris wh e nt e r d i nt co nf r nc with M M

, , .

a o e e a o e o e e e

The A ct o f M e di ti o n w s sig n d F b ru ry 1 9
.

B thélém y F uch e nd R e d r r
ar , o ,
a o e e . a a e e a ,

1 80 3 I t fix e d f r
. ch c nt o n sp ci l c o nstituti n nd o rg niz e d a fe d r l p w
o ea a a e a o ,
a a e a o e r.

O n O ct b e r 1 9 fo ll o wi ngo tre aty o f l li nce w s m ade b e tw e e n Franc e nd a a a a a

S witze rl nd
, ,

a .

A C T O F TH E G O V E R N M E N T .

O O x R DE R F R UC T I D R 2, YE AR .

Th C l e f h R p bli ;
o nsu s o ding h b i f f P p Pi
t e V I I g iv
e u S i P fc a cc o r to t e re o o e us . e n at a nt -
e te r o
R m o J
e , on 9 8 u ne 2 1 02

l iv
,

I d wi h h
a cc o r ance
p t f h C ill tfS d w i h ll m
t p bli t o u nc t a te e nt ru st e t a t t e rs re a t e to
?p
e re or o e or o a u c
w o rs ) i
AOfd Tk ih gbthi dvi f h C il fS ;
te r ta n e a ce o t e o u nc o ta t e
r er: f fP p Pi VI I
e giv
re S i o P fR m o J 9
e 8 di g
us e n at a nt - e te r o o e on u ne 2 1 0 2 , a cco r n to
w hi h i iz Ch l M i d T ll y d Mi i ig A fi i fF h iz d
.
, ,
'

c c t en ar e s fF a u r ce i e a e ran , n st e r o o re n a rs o ra nc e , s au t or e to
re su m l d l y lif
e se c u ar a nh ll t k f ll d i f
f e n t re e ect
l B O NAPAR T E
a e, s a a e u an
Th Fi t C
.

e rs o nsu :
H B M AR E T
.

Th S y fS e e c re ta r o ta t e . . .
216 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

S p a i n, in
cc o rd anc e with t he cl aus e s o f t he tre aty o f B as e l
a ,

h ad r e st o r e d L o uisi ana t o Fr anc e w ho in c o nsid e r at i o n o f t he ,

p aym e nt o f a c e rt ai n sum c e d e d it t o t he U nit e d S t at e s ,

( A pril 3 0 Th e l a tt
,
e r k e pt a p o rti o n o f t he pric e a s

i nd e m ni t y fo r t he l o ss e s sust a i ne d by A m e ric an citiz e ns in c o n

s e qu e nc e o f the absurd d e cre e s o f t he C o nv e nti o n .

The O tt o m an P o rt e P o rtug a l t he Tw o S ic ilie s had re , , ,

n e w e d th e ir o ld ti e s o f fri e n dship a nd o f c o mm e rc e with

Fr anc e .
1

T he distributi o n o f t he s e cul a riz e d t e rrit o ri e s in G e rm any

w a s b e i ng m a d e u nd e r t he d o ubl e m e di ati o n o f Fr a nc e a nd o f
R ussi a .
2

I t c a n b e s a id with o ut t he l e a st e x a gg e r ati o n th a t a t t he t im e ,

o f t he P e a c e o f A mi e ns Fr a n c e w a s wi t h o ut in p o ss e ssi o n o f a ,

p o we r a gl o ry a n i nflu e nc e th a n which t he mi nds o f t he m o st

, , ,

a mbiti o us c o uld h a v e d e sir e d n o gr e a t e r f o r t h e ir c o u n try a nd

wh at r e nd e re d this situ a ti o n m o re m a rv e ll o us still w as t he

r apidity wi t h which it ha d b e e n cre at e d I n l e ss th an t w o .
“

y e a rs a nd a h alf th a t is t o y fro m t he 1 8t h B rum aire ( N o ve m

,
sa

be r 9 t o M a rch 2 5 1 80 2 d a t e o f t he P e a c e o f A mi e n s
, , , ,

Fr anc e had p a ss e d fro m the humili a ti ng d e pths i nt o which the

D ire ct o ry ha d plu nge d it t o t he fi rst ra nk o f Euro p e , .

But Whil e o ccupyi ng hims e lf with fo r e ig n ff irs B o nap a rt e a a ,

had no t ne gl e ct e d th o s e a t h o m e H is i n cr e dibl e a ctivity su ffic e d .

fo r all H e had giv e n ne w r e gul ati o n s fo r t he a dmi nistr at i o n

.
,

Tr ty with Turk y J u
1
ea 5 8 W ith P rtug l S pt m b r e ,
8 ne 2 , 1 02 . o a ,
e e e 20 , 1 01.
W ith th e T w o S ic ilie s, M a 2 8, rch 1 80 1 . T h e s e l ast t wo p o w e rs pr om is e d to cl o s e
th ir p r s
e o glis
t t o t he E n h .

Bef r
2
w rs o e t he av luti o n the l e ft b nk f the R hi ne w as c v r d with
o f t he R e o ,
a o o e e

s e cul r nd e ccl si astic pri ncip liti s Th tr ati e s o f C am p o F rm i and L u nevil l

a a e a e . e e -
o o e

in c e di ng t o F r nc e all th o s t rrit o ri e s h d stipul t d th t t h l y pri n c e s sh o uld b e

a e e a a e a e a

i nd e m nifi e d with the w e lth o f the s e cul r cl e rgy I t re m i n d no w t pply th

a a . a e o a e

pri ncipl e The e m p e r r w ho w o uld h v e h d t t k e this ff ir in h nd ll w d

. o , a a o a a a a , a o e

h im s e lf to b e f re st ll e d by the F irst C o nsul who b i ng s licit d by s v ral o f the

o a , ,
e o e e e

i nt e re st d pri nc e s was c re ful no t to f i l t pro fi t by the ccasi o n H sur d him

e , a a o o . e as e

s lf o f the c ncurre nc e o f P russi by pr m is i ng th t c u ntry c nsid r bl dv nt g s

e o a, o a o o e a e a a a e

( s e cre t tr ty M ay 2 3 ea T he E m p e ro r A l e x nd r wh o m f m ily lli nc e s h d a e a a a a

u nit e d to the H us s o f B avari B d e n nd W iirte rnb rg nt re d i nt o his vi ws nd

, , ,

o e a, a , a e ,
e e e , a

de cl re d hi m s e lf th e pr t e ct r o f t he disp ss e ss e d pr i nc s ( C o nv nti n o f O ct b r 1 1
a o o o e e o o e ,

I mm e di t e ly s cre t tre ti s w e re ne g o ti t e d Be t w e e n F r n c
a e n t he o ne sid e
a e a a e o ,

a nd W iirt e m b e rg B d n B v ri H e ss e C ss e l o n th o th e r which assure d th ir

a e a a a, a e e

sh re to ch f th e s e S t t e s Th o s tre ti s w r sub m it t d to t he D i t which

, , ,

a ea o a . e a e e e e e ,

a d pt e d the wh o l e o f th pl n o f i nd m niti s ( d cisi n o f F bru ry 2 5 1 80 3 ) nd

o e a e e e o e a , a

th e e m p e ro r ft e r m uch h sit ti n r t ifi d t h t d cisi n n th 2 7 i h f the f ll o wi ng

a e a o a e a e o o e o o

A pril ( S e L e fe bvr H /my f Me C bm ls w p v l i ch vi )

, ,

. e e, es o a e o o e o . . . .
218 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

o rd e r to o bt ai n fro m t he First Co nsul a d e fi nitiv e o rg aniz ati o n

fo r t h e ir c o u nt ry A lth o ugh t he busi ne ss which w as t o b e .
1

n e g o t i a t e d a t Ly o n s w as fo re ig n t o my du t i e s B o nap a rt e m a d e ,

u se o f m e c o nsid e r bly t o c o n duct it I w as o blig e d t o pr o c e e d a .

t o t h a t city in o r de r t o se e t he m e mb e rs o f t he d e put a ti o n In .

su h d e lic at e m a tt e rs he did no t much r e ly o n wh at w as d o ne o r

c

s a id by M Chap tal his Mi nist e r o ft he I nt e ri o r wh o m he d e e m e d

.
,
2
,

h e avy va i n wi t h o ut t act a nd wh o m he abst a i ne d fro m dismissi ng

, , ,

in o rd e r n o t t o gri e v e Ca mb a c er e s w ho pr o t e ct e d him On 3
.

a r rivi ng a t Ly o ns I sa w M de M e lzi with wh o m I had b e e n 4

, .
,

a cqu a i nt e d a l o ng tim e a nd I u nb o s o m e d mys e lf t o him no t a s t o , ,

wh at t he First Co nsul d e sire d but a s t o wh at sh o uld b e the de ,

‘

m ands o fthe C is alpi ne R e public I n a fe w days I a chi e ve d my pur .

,

p o s e A t t he m o m e nt B o nap a rt e e nt e r e d Ly o ns all w as pre p a re d

. .

Fr o m t he s e c o nd day t he pri ncip a l Mil ane s e pr e ss e d him to ,

a cc e pt t he pr e sid e n cy f o r life n d fr o m g r t it u de he c o ns e nt e d ,
a a ,

t o substitut e fo r t h e na m e o f Cisa lp ine R ep u élic th a t o f K ing d m o

a nd t o n a m e vic e —pr e sid e nt M de M e lzi w ho h avi ng

5
of I ta ly ,
.
, ,

1
is alpi n R e public pro cl i m e d in 1 7 9 1 d e stro y e d in 1 79 9 re e st blish e d
The C e , a , ,
-
a

a ft r M re ng h d n t s e e n its g ve rnm e nt re rg niz d in 1 800 B n p rt e in

e a o, a o o o a e . o a a ,

c nju ncti o n with the l e di ng m n o f t h c u ntry g v it de fi nite o rg niz ti o n

o a e e o ,
a e a a a .

Th r w e r thr e e e l e ct r l c ll e g e s n m e d fo r lif
e e e th t o f the gr t l ndl o rds th t
o a o a e a ea a a

fl tt rs nd e ccl e si stics —in ll 7 00 e l ct o rs Th ese

, ,

o ft h e m e rch nts th t o fth e m e n a a o e e a a a e

l ct d C m m i i n d C n r ch rg d to n m e to ll th b di s o f th e S t t
, , .

e e e a o ss o e e su e, a e a a e o e a e,

n m e ly
a S n t o f e ight m m b rs
a e C n il f S t t
a e nd a L g i l t i B dy whi ch
e e a ou c o a e, a e s a ve o

A t the h e d o f the r pu b lic w e re pre side nt

, , ,

h d t he s m privil g e s as in F r n c e
a a e e a a e a

vice pre sid nt I n J nu ry 1 80 2 B n p rt e su m m ne d t L yo ns a l rge

.

a nd a -
e . a a , ,
o a a o a a

m ti ng o f n rly 5 00 m e m b rs t ppro v e the co nstituti n The pr e side ncy o f th t

ee ea e o a o . a

m ti ng w
ee w rd d to him as a a e

A nt o i ne C h pt l bo rn in 1 75 6 w as lr dy an illustri o us v nt wh e n he
.

a a a ea sa a

r H b e c m C u n ill r f S t t e and M i nist e r f the

, ,

e n t r d up n a public c r
e e o a ee . e a e o c o o a o

I nt ri r ft e r t he 1 8 th Bru m ire th e n s n t r nd C o m t e d C h nt e l up in 1 804 ;

e o a a e a o a e a o

m i nist e r nd p r f F r nc during th e H u ndre d D ys

, ,

a ee o L o uis X V I I I r e c ll d him
a e a . . a e

t o th e C h m b e r f P e e rs in 1 8 1 9
a H e di d in 1 83 2
o e

J n J cqu s R e gis de C m b cere s bo rn t M o ntp e lli e r in 1 7 5 3 o f n o ld f m ily

. .

3 a a
ea a e -
a a a

C o u ns ll o r t th e C o urt o f A cc u n ts o f M o ntp e lli e r

,

o f m agistr t s a e e D e puty fr o m a o

H er ult t the C onv nti n he v t d the d th o fthe ki ng with this re stricti n th t

. .

a o e o , o e ea ,
o ,
a

t he d cr e e w e o nly t o b e put i nt o e x cuti n if F r nc e sh ul d b e i nv d e d by t h e

as e o a o a

e ne m y H w pre sid nt f the C o nv nti o n ft r the 9th Th rm id r th n m m b r

e as e o e a e e o e e e

C o uncil o f F iv e H u ndr d M inist e r fJ ustic e in 1 79 8

.
,

a n d pr sid e nt o f th e e He w e o as

e l ct e d S e c o n d C nsul
.

e fte r th e 1 8th Bru m ire I n 1 804 C m b c ere s b e c m e pri nce

o a a .
,
a a a

a rch ch nc ll r fthe E m pire and D c de P r m a E xil d in 1 8 1 5 he di e d in 1 824

-
a e o o u a e

F r nco is M e lzi d E il ( 1 7 5 3 —
.
, .

1 8 1 6 ) h d b e e n fro m its fo u nd ti n o n o f th e m st
4 ’
a r a ,
a o , e o

a rd nt d e f nd rs o f the C is lpi ne R e pu b lic H b c m e aft e rw rds D e de Lo di

e e e a e e a a u ,

Grand C h nc ll o r nd K p r o fthe S e ls o fth V ice r y E ugen

.

-
a e a ee e a e o e .

Th e re is h e re n e rr o r in the t xt
5
The k ing d m o f I t ly d at es o nly fro m 1 80 5
a e . o a

( th c ns e cr ti n at M il n w o n M y
e o a o M d T ll e yr n d h as e vid e ntly m e nt
a as a . e a a a

to say th t in 1 80 2 the ffi ci l d e no m i nati o n o f I t lia n R epu blic w as substitut e d fo r

a ,
o a a

th at o f Ci alp ine R pu bli s e c.

TH E CON VE N TI OI V, TH E D I R E C TOR Y, TH E C ON S ULA TE . 219

pr e s e nt e d t o him t he k e ys o f Mil an o n his first i nva si o n w as ,

su ffici nt ly c o mpr o mis d t o w a rds A ustri a fo r B o nap rt e t o pl c

e e a a e

in him e v e ry c o n fid nc e e .

U nt il t he tim e f t he P e a c e o f A mi e ns B o na p a rt e m ay h av e
o ,

c mmi t t e d m a ny faults fo r wh t m an is fre e fro m th e m ? But

o ,
a

n o n e o f t he pl n s he had c o n c e iv e d w e re such th a t a ny tru e a nd

a

p tri o t ic Fr e nchm an c o uld h ave fe lt a ny re luct anc e t o c o ntribut e

a

t o th ir e x e cuti o n
e O n m ay no t lw ys h v e a gr e e d as t o t he
. e a a a

e xc e ll nce o f t he m e ns re s o rt e d t o by B o nap rte b u t t he utility

e a a ,

o f th a im c o uld no t b e c o nt e st e d b e i ng simply o n t he o ne h a nd
e , ,

t bri ng fo r e ig n w rs t o a n e nd a n d o n t he o th e r h a nd t o cl o s e
o a , , ,

t he r e v o lu t i o na ry e ra by re e st a blishi ng m o na rchy which in my

‘

, ,

c ndid o pi ni o n it w as th e n imp o ssibl e t o do in favo ur o f the

a ,

l e gi t im at h e irs o f t he l a st ki ng
e .

The P e ac e o f A mi e ns w a s sc a rc e ly c o n clud e d wh e n B o nap art e ,

b g n t o give up m d r t ion t he pro visi o ns o f th at p e a c e h d

e a o e a a

n o t ye t b e e n c a rri e d o u t wh e n h e a lr e a dy s o we d t he s e ds o f,
e

n w w a rs which a ft e r o v e rwh e lmi ng Eur o p e a n d Fr a n c e w e r e t o

e , ,

l e ad him t o his rui n .

Pi e dm o nt o ught t o h av e b e e n give n b ack t o t he Ki ng o f

S a rdi ni a imm e di a t e ly a ft r t he P e a c e o f Lu nevill e it w as “

m e r ly in trust in t he h nds o f Franc e To giv e it up wo uld

e a .

h av e b e e n b o th a n t o f s t rict j us t ic e and a v e ry wis e p o licy

ac .

B o nap art e o n t h c o ntra ry a nne x e d it t o Fr nc e I m ad e v a i n

,
e ,
a .

e ffo rts t o dissu ad e him fro m such a m e sure H e b e li e ve d his a .

p e rs o na l i nte re st r e quire d him t o do s his prid e s e e m e d t o him o,

t o cl a im th a t a rbitr ry st e p a nd a ll t he c o u ns e ls o f prud e nc e
a ,

fa il e d t l t r his mi nd in th at re sp e c t
o a e .
1

A l t h o ugh h had by his vict o ri e s c o ntribut e d t o t he agg ra n

e

di e m e nt o f Fr n c e no ne o f t he t e rrit o ri e s with which it had

z a ,

b e e n ggrandiz e d had b e e n c o nqu e re d by t he a rmi e s which he

a

had c o mm a nd e d I t w a s u nd e r t he Co nv e nti o n th a t the c o u nty

.

1
c r
O n D e e m b e 9 , 1 79 8,Ki g h rl s u l b i gv
n C a e E m m an e , e n an e and o -
quish d disp s
s ss d
e r u c d
e , h ad e n o n e thr
th e hi s lf
o ne f or h irs
m e a nd giv
e ,
and en b e o e his su j cts rd rs
b y
to o e infutur r ch uth riti s
e th e F e n a o h r up
e T e ei d o n, P e m o n w as b e e to t su j ct d
H h li d
.

ir ct rul
t he d e r ch g r ls
e of F e n e ne a b fr r g
I n 1 80 0 , e o e M a e n o and o e n n e n,
.

B p rt
o na a his pr li i i s p c
e , in e m na r e r d r tur i d
of ea e, of fe e t o e n P e m o n t o th e n of t Ki g
S rdi i H is su s qu t vict ri s
a n a . b e en o e r x cti g
m a de h im m o e e a n , a n d o n th e o a io n cc s
o f th e tr ty
ea u vill
o f L ne
'
r fus d
e , he e e i hi s lf
t o b nd m e at all in a e e On th t r sp ct .

i d t ivid d i t six d p rt ts
A p ril 1 9 , 1 80 1 , P e m o n w a s d e n o e a m en and e am e a m a b c ilit r y
divisi on onS pt b r
e em e it
4, 1 802 , x d
was anne e r c t o F an e .
2 20 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

of A vig no n, S av o y ,B e lgium t he l e ft b ank o f t he R hi ne had ,

b e e n a dd e d t o Fr anc e ; a nd B o na p art e c o uld no t cl aim a ny o f

th o s e c o nqu e sts as c o mi ng fro m him p e rs o na lly To rul e a nd .
,

t o rul e h e r e dit a rily a s he a spir e d t o do o v e r a c o u ntry a g g ra n

,

diz e d by ge ne ra ls fo rm e rly his e qu a ls a nd wh o m he wish e d t o ,

b e c o m e his subj e cts s e e m e d t o him a lm o st humili ati ng a nd , ,

m o re o ve r might a ro us e a n o pp o siti o n which he w as a nxi o us t o

,

a v o id .I t w a s thus th at in o rd e r t o j ustify his pr e t e n si o ns t o ,

t he titl e o fs o v e re ig n h e d e m e d it ne c e ss a ry t o a nne x t o Fr a nc e ,
e

c o u ntri e s which he a l o ne ha d c o nqu e r e d H e ha d crush e d .

Pi e dm o nt in 1 7 9 6 ; a nd his vict o ri e s in th a t qu a rt e r s e e m e d t o
him t o j ustify t he a rbi t ra ry vi e ws he e nt e rt ai ne d t w a rds th a t o

c o u ntry H e a cc o rdi ngly c us e d t he s e nat e t o a ss e nt t o a nd

. a

pro cl a im t he anne x ati n o f Pi e d m o nt t o Fra nc e ne ve r t hi nk o ,

ing th at ny o ne might c a ll him t o a cc o u nt fo r so m o n str o us a

a

vi o l ati o n o f wh at t he law o f nati o ns c o nsid e r as m o st s a cre d .

H is illusi o n w as no t d e sti ne d t o l a st l o ng .

Th e E nglish g o v e r nm e nt had m d e p e a c e o nly o u t o f a

n e c e ssity as s o o n as t he h o m e difficulti e s which h a d c a us e d t he

m a ki ng o f p e ac e alm o st u nav o id abl e we re o ve rc o m e the E nglish , ,

c abi ne t w ho had no t ye t re s t o r e d M a lt a and wish e d t o k e e p it , ,

s e iz e d t he o cc a si o n o ffe re d by t he a nne x at i o n o f Pi e dm o nt t o
Fr anc e a nd t o o k up a rms a g a i n
, .
1

B u t e v e nts quick e ne d B o n p a rt e s r e s o luti o n t o tr a nsfo rm

’
a

t he c o nsul a t e fo r life i nt o a n h e r e di t a ry m o na rchy The E nglish .

ha d l a n d e d o n t he c o a s t s o f Britt any a fe w d e v o t e d a nd m o st
nt e rprisi n g e n r B o na p a rt e t o o k a dv a nt g e o f this ne w
’ ’

e es . a

ro y a list pl o t in which he fl a tt e re d hims e lf t o implic at e a t t he

, ,

s m e tim e D u m o u rie z P ic he g ru a nd M o re au his t hr e riva ls in

a ,
2
, ,
e

gl o ry t o wr e nch fro m t he s e na t e t he ti t l e o f Emp e ro r But

, .

1
M ay 1 6 , 1 80 3 .

2
h rl s Fr nc o is D up e rrie r D um o ri b o r n t C m br i in 1 73 9 e nt re d the
C a e -
a -
u ez , a a a ,
e

ar m y t sixt e n
a I n 1 7 6 3 he ch ng d t he sw 0 d fo dipl o m cy
e . nd b c m
,
o ne a e i r a ,
a e a e

o f th e m st ctiv e s e cre t g e nts o f the ki ng U nde r L o uis X V I he w s pp i nt d

o a a . .
,
a a o e

G v e rno r o f C h rb urg nd brig di e r g ne ral I n 1 7 9 2 h j i n d th G i ro ndist

o e o a a -
e e o e e

C bi ne t as M i nis te r o f F r e ign A ff irs ( M rch

.
, ,

a n d thr m o nths l t r w s
o a a a ee a e ,
a

a pp i nt d g n r l in chi f o f the arm y o f the n rth V ic to ri us t V al m y nd t

o e e e a - -
e o o a a a

J m m p s but d e fe t e d t N e wind n nd o n th p o i nt o f b ing tri d he nt r d

.

e a e a a r e a e e e e e e

i nto n g o ti ti ns with P ri nc e o n C o burg d e live r d i nt the h nds o f the A us tri ns

, , ,

e a o v , e o a a

t h e C m m issi ne rs s nt by th e C o nv e nti n t
o o rr st him nd hi m s lf w nt o v r to
e o o a e ,
a e e e

t he e n m y eH e liv d abr o ad u nt il his d e ath

. o ft e n e ng g e d in r o y lis t
e a a

i ntrigu e s and pl o ts .
222 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

a p a rt o f th at which fo r t he fi rst tim e b e gan t o b e c a ll e d the

gre at e mpire .

The c o ns e qu e nc e s o f th a t c o nduct w e r e such as c o uld b e

n atur a lly fo r e s e e n A ustri a t o o k up a rms a nd a c o nti n e nt a l w r
.
, a

b e c a m e immi ne nt Th e n N ap o l e o n tri e d ne go t i ati o ns o n ll

. a

sid e s H e a tt e mpt e d t o dra w Prussi a i nt o his a lli anc e by o ffe ri ng

.
,
1

he r H a no v e r a nd wh e n o n t he p o i nt o f succ e e di ng he c aus e d
, ,

e v e rythi ng t o fa il by s e n di ng t o B e rli n G e ne r a l Dur o c wh o by 2

,

h is awkwa rd blu nt ne ss d e str o y e d t he g o o d e ffe ct o f t he a dvanc e s

,

pre vi o usly m a d e a cc o rdi ng t o my i nstructi o ns by M de la Fo re st .

,
3

w h o w as th e r e as Mi nist e r o f Fr a n c e .

The e mp e r o r w a s m o r e fo rtu na t e with t he El e ct o rs o f B av a ri a ,

W iirt e m b e rg a nd B a d e n wh o m he m a i nt a i ne d this tim e in ,

his a lli anc e .

The c amp o f B o ul o g ne which he fo rm e d at this p e ri o d fo r ,

t he purp o s e o f m e naci ng t he c o a sts o f E ngl a nd ha d fo r fi rst ,

re sult t o m ak e t he w ar p o pul a r in th at c o u ntry a nd o f cre ati ng ,

t h e r e a n a s ye t u nh e a rd o f thi ng a num e r o us p e rm a n e nt a rmy -

, .

A nd it w as whil e N ap o l e o n s e e m e d a bs o rb e d by t he o rg a niz a ti o n
o f th a t c a mp th at t he A ustri ans cro ss e d t he I nn tr av e rs e d
, ,

B av ari a o ccupi e d t he c e ntre o f S u ab ia a nd w e re a lre a dy a rrivi ng

, ,

o n t he b anks o f t he R hi ne I t w as ne v e rth e l e ss this pr e cipit a .

ti o n o f t he A ustri a ns which pre s e rve d N ap o l e o n fro m t he m o re

th an critic a l p o siti o n in which he w o uld h v e b e e n pl a c e d if a ,

th e y had awa i t e d t he a rriva l o f t he Emp e ro r A l e x a nd e r a nd

his hu ndre d th o us a nd R ussi ans w ho w e re o n t he m a rch t o ,

j o i n th e ms e lv e s t o th e m fo r Prussi a wo uld h av e b e e n i nf llibly ,

a

draw n i nt o t he c o ali t i o n but t he A ustri an s wish e d t o sh o w t h at , ,

a l o n e th e y w e r e a bl e t o e ng ag e t he struggl e a n d w in t he day
,
.

N ap o l e o n with t he milit a ry ge nius a nd t he c e l e ri ty which

,

m ak e his gl o ry a t o nce ava il e d hims e lf o f this blu nd e r I n a

,
.

1
F omr p l o n o n the o ne sid and A ustri nd R ussi o n th e
1 80 3 t o 1 80 5 , Na o e e, a a a

o th r e isput d f r the lli nc o f P russi

d e o Ki ng F r e d rick W illi m d re d n t t k
a a e a. e a a o a e

H w e v e r in 1 80 5 he sign d with F r nce a si m pl e c m p ct o f

,

a ny d cisi n e o . o , , e a o a

ne utr lity a .

D uro c w as fr m 1 7 9 6 th f v o urit e id e de c am p o f N p l e o n
2
o e B rn in 1 7 7 2
a a - -
a o . o ,

he b e c am e u nd r the E m p ir e g n r l o f divisi n Gr n d M rsh l o f the P l c e and

e e e a o ,
a -
a a a a ,

D e de P ri nl
u H w s kill d t W u rtsch n M y 2 2 1 8 1 3
o e a e a e a

A nt o i n C m t e de l F r st ( 1 7 5 6
. , , .

3
e, o m i nist e r t M u nich 1 80 1 ; at th e
a o e a ,

D i e t t R atis b o n 1 80 2
a t B rli n 1 80 3 ; a m b ass d o r at M adrid in 1 80 7
, a e ,
M i nist e r a .

and p e e r o f F r anc e u nd e r the R e st o r ati o n .

TH E CON VE N TI OI V, TH E DI R E C TO R Y ,
TH E CON S UL A TE . 22 3

fe w we e ks , might say in a fe w d ays he tra nsp o rte d t he

o ne ,

1a rg e a rmy o f t he c a mp o f B o ul o g ne t o t he b a nks o f t he R hi ne ,

wh e nc e he le d it to ne w vict o ri e s .

I r e c e iv e d i nstructi o ns t o a cc o mp a ny him t o S tr asburg th e r e ,

t o b e r e ady t o fo ll o w his h e a dqu a rt e rs a cc o rdi ng t o circum

st a nc e s ( S e pt e mb e r A fi t which h app e ne d t o t he ,

e mp e r o r t t he b e gi nni ng o f this c a mp a ig n fright e ne d m e v e ry

a

much The v e ry day o f his d e p a rture fro m S t r sburg I had

. a ,

di nne r wi t h him ; o n l e avi ng t he t abl e he we nt t o se e t he ,

Empre ss J o s e phi ne H e had o nly b e e n with he r a fe w mi nut e s .

,

wh e n sudd e nly he c am e o u t o f he r a p a rtm e nt ; I w as in t he

dra wi ng ro o m he t o o k m e by t he arm a nd le d m e i nt o his ro o m
-
,
.

M de R ém u sat t he fi rst C h a mb e rl a i n w ho c a m e fo r i nstructi o ns

.
,
1
, ,

e nt e r e d a t t he s a m e tim e W e w e re h a rdly th e r e wh e n the .

,

e mp e r o r fe ll on t he fl o o r ; he ha d b a r e ly tim e t o t e ll m e

t o cl o s e t he d o o r I t o r e a way his cr ava t b e c aus e it s e e m e d

.
,

t o ch o k e him he did no t v o mit he gr o ane d a nd fo a m e d a t t he ,

m o uth M de R é m u sat g ave him s o m e w t e r a nd I b ath e d

. . a ,

him with C o l o g ne wa t e r H e had a ki nd o f c o nvulsi o ns th at .

c e a s e d a ft e r a qu art e r o f a n h o ur w e pl c e d him o n a n a rm ch a ir a -

h e c o mm e n c e d t o sp e a k dr e ss e d hims e lf a g a i n a nd e nj o i ne d , ,

s e cre cy o n us h a lf a n h o ur l at e r he w as o n his w ay t o Ca rlsruh e , .

O n r e a chi ng S tuttg a rt he wr o t e m e t o give m e ne ws o f his h e a l t h ,

his l e tt e r e nd e d with th e s e wo rds I a m we ll The Duk e o f ,

“
.

W iirte m b e rg c a m e t o m e e t m e as far a s o utsid e t he fi rst g at e o f

his p l a c e ; he is a m a n o f s e ns e A s e c o nd l e t t e r fro m S tutt
a .

g art b e a ri ng t he s a m e d at e ran as f ll o ws : I a m a cqu a i nt e d

, ,
o
“

with M ack s m o ve m e nts ; th e s e a re all I c o uld d e sire H e

’
.

will b e c aught in U lm lik e a fo o l ,

2

S o m e p e o pl e h ave si nc e e nd e a v o ur e d t o spre a d t he ru m o ur

1
August e, Com te
b o rn in 1 76 2 w s in 1 789 n dv c t e to the
de R ém u sat, a a a o a

t A ix
, ,

C r d C mpt
ou es H st ye d in F r nc duri ng the wh l o f the R v luti o n
o es a . e a a e o e e o .

I n 1 80 2 he b c m e pr fe ct o f t he p al c e ; chi f Ch m b rl i n in 1 80 4
,
e a e nd p e rin a e a e a , a su

t e nd nt o f th tre s I n 1 8 1 5 h e w s pp o i nt e d pre f ct o f th N rd nd b
r tly o f t he H ut e —
e ea .
, a a e e o , a su se

q ue i G r nne d e p rtm nt H e w s dis m iss d in 1 82 1 and di d

a a o a e . a e , e

in 1 is23 .

2
h rl s B ro n n M ack n Lieb erich b rn in 1 75 2 H e w s s e v e r l ti m s
C a e , a vo vo ,
o . a a e
c
in o m m and o f A ustri n arm i e s b t w lw ys b t e n H e signe d the c pit l ti n
a u as a a ea a u a o
ct b e r 1 9 H i ng b e n sh rtly ft r tri d by c urt m rti l h w s
.
,

o f U lm o n O o . av e , o a e , e o -
a a , e a
s ent e nc e d to d e th but th E m p r r F r ncis c m m ut d th s e nt nce i nt o n i m pri so n
a , e e o a o e e e a

m e nt which o nly l ast e d a fe w y e rs H e di e d in o blivi o n in 1 828 a . .

2 24 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

th at M a ck had b e e n brib e d this is fals e it w as o nly th e ir p re

sump t i o n th at c aus e d t he d e fe at o f t he A us t ri ans I t is k no w n .

h o w th e ir a rmy p a rti lly b e a t e n o n s e v e ra l p o i nts a nd driv e n

,
a

b ack i nt o U lm w as o blige d t o c a pitul at e it r e m a i ne d th e re

,

pris o ne r o f w a r a fte r h avi ng p a ss e d u nd e r t he y o k e

,
.

I n a nno u n ci ng t o m e his vict o ry N ap o l e o n wro t e m e wh at

,

we re in his id e a the c o ndi t i o ns he wish e d t o imp o s e up o n

, ,

A us t ri a a nd wh a t t e rrit o ri e s he wish e d t o t a k e fr o m he r
,
.

I r e pli e d t o him th a t his r e a l i nt e r e st w as no t t o e n fe e bl e

A ustri a t h t in t a ki ng fro m he r o n o ne sid e he must r e tur n
,
a ,

t o h e r o n t he o th e r in o rd e r t o m ak e o f he r a n a lly
,
T he .

m e m o ra ndum in which I se t fo rth my re as o ns struck him so th a t ,

h e pl a c e d t he m att e r fo r d e lib e r ati o n b e fo r e t he c o u n cil he h e ld

a t Mu n ich whith e r I ha d g o ne t o m e e t him a nd i nduc e d him ,

t o fo ll o w t he pl an I had pr o p o s e d t o him a nd which c an still ,

b e fo u nd in t he a rchiv e s o f t he g o v e r nm e nt But ne w adv an.

1

t age s bro ught ab o ut by o ne o f t he divisi o ns o f his a dvanc e

gu a rd firi ng his im agi nati o n m ad e him d e sire t o m a rch up o n
, ,

V i e nna t o h ast e n t o ne w succ e ss e s and t o d at e d e cr e e s fr o m

, ,

t he I mp e ri a l P a l a c e o f S ch o e nbru nn .

M a st e r in l e ss th an thre e we e ks o f a ll U pp e r A ustri a a nd
o f a ll th a t p a rt o f t he L o w e r which is a t t he s o u t h o f t he D an ub e ,

h e cr o ss e s this riv e r a nd e nt e rs in M o r avi a I f th e n sixty .

th o us and Prussi a ns had i nv ad e d B o he mi a and sixty th o us a nd ,

o th e rs c o m e by Fr a n c o ni a had o ccupi e d t he r o a d t o Li ntz it ,

is d o ubtful if he c o uld h ave succ e e d e d in e sc api ng with his

p e rs o n I f the A ustro R ussi an a rmy th at he had in fro nt o f him
.
-
,

a nd which w as a b o ut o ne hu ndr e d a nd tw e nty th o us an d m e n

stro ng had o nly avo id e d all ge ne ral a cti o n and giv e n t o t he

,

A rchduk e C h a rl e s tim e t o a rriv e with t he s e v e nty fi v e th o us a nd -

1
T his r du
m e m o an m has e e n eenr c tly b
publish d e in the L ett res in edites de Ta lley
’

rs pp
ra n d d N ap oleo n , p a r P ierre B e rt ra n d ( Pa i , 1 889 , 1 v o l 8v o F o re se e ing
lr dy c ush A ustri
. . .

th t
a the d sig
e p r r
n o f the e m e o w as a e a to r rd r k s
a in o ert o m a e o o ne
l t r his ju cti with ussi
or a e n on R ll yr
a, Ta e s ks tur
and e e to sid fr his purp s
n him a e om o e,

and w r ly r c
a m e o m mends A ustri lli c
th e an a wis
an e He k A ustri
he s t o m a e
. ulw rk a the b a

o fE ur p g i st ussi
o e a a n R this
a, and fo r c t ct with this pir by
e nd t o p u t he r in o n a em e
i g
ced n ld vi
to he r M o a a, Wa a
l chi B s r bi
a, es a a p rt Bulg ri
a, and a a of xch g
a a In e an e , .

th y ul th t k w y
e co d en a e a a p ss ssi s
all h e r o e t ly
on in I a his syst
and S u abia T em ,

wo uld h v si s
a e b e de th r dv t g it w uld r v
a no e a an a e ; o c t ct b tw
e m o e all ona e e e n the
em pir p l
e o f N a o e o n andth t H ps urgs
a o f t he a b suppr ss th r y pr t xt
, and e e eb all e e fo r
w ar .H c r c A ustri
e n e t he F a n o lli c b i g d lid
an a-
an e e n m a e sour bl w uld
and d a e, o be
s f gu rd
t he a e a w st r ur p
o fall e e n E o e .
2 26 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

I must no t o mit t o m e nti o n h e re a p e culi a r i ncid e n t which

fully d e picts t he ch aracte r o f N a p o l e o n a nd his o pi ni o ns The .

e mp e r o r w ho a t this tim e h a d gr e a t c o nfi d e nc e in m e a sk e d
, ,

m e t o r e a d t o him his c o rr e sp o nd e n c e W e b e g an with t he .

d e ciph e re d l e tt e rs o f t he fo re ig n a mb a ss ad o rs in P a ris ; th e y
i nt e re st e d him but littl e b e c aus e a ll t he gre at ne ws o f the w o rld ,

t o o k pl a ce ab o ut him W e th e n we nt o n t o the p o lic e r e p o rts .

s e ve ra l sp o k e o f t he di ffi cu lti e s o f the B a nk o f Fra nc e bro ugh t ,

o n by s o m e b a d m e a sur e s o f t he Mi n ist e r o f Fi na nc e s M de , .

M a rb o is H o w e v e r t he r e p o rt t o which he p a id m o st a tt e nti o n
.
1
,

w as th a t o f M a d a m e de G e n lis it was l o ng a nd writt e n e ntire ly

in he r o w n h a n d S he sp o k e o f t he spirit o f P a ris a nd qu o t e d
.
,

a f e w o ff e n sive c o nv e rs ati o ns h e ld she s aid in t h o s e h o us e s

which we re th e n c all e d t he F a u b o u rg S ai nt —
, ,

G e rm ai n ; she
na m e d fi v e o r six fa mili e s which ne v e r she a dd e d w o uld r a lly , , , ,

t o t he go v e r nm e n t o f t he e mp e r o r S o m e r a th e r biti ng e x .

pr e ssi o ns which M ad a m e de G e nlis re p o rt e d se t N ap o l e o n in

a n i nc o n c e iv abl e st a t e o f fury ; h e sw o r e a nd st o rm e d ag a i nst t he

Fa u b o u rg S a i nt G e rm a i n A h th e y thi n k th e ms e lv e s str o ng e r
-
.

th a n I s aid he ”
,
G e ntl e m e n o f t he Faub o urg S ai nt G e rm ai n
.
-
,

w e sh all se e w e sh a ll se e A nd th a t w e snall see c am e wh e n ”

, .

But a fe w h o urs a ft e r a d e cisive vict o ry o bt a i ne d o v e r the

R ussi a ns and t he A ustri a ns S o much str e ngth a nd p o w e r did .

he r e c o g niz e in public o pi ni o n and e sp e ci a lly in th at o f a fe w ,

n o bl e s wh o s e o nly a cti o n w as limit e d t o k e e pi ng a l o o f fr o m

,

him S o o n re turni ng t o P a ris l at e r o n he re ga rd e d as a gre a t

.
, ,

a chi e v e m e nt t he fact th a t M e sd am e s de M o ntm o re ncy de 2

,

s ve d th nks to the d e v o ti o n o f his wife M d e m o is e ll e E m ili e de B e uharn is nie ce

a a a a a

E m pr e ss J s phi ne
, , ,

o f th e o e .

1
F rang i C mt o s, ft e rw ards M rquis de B arbé M a b is ( 1 74 5 1 8
o e, a fo rm e r a ,
-
r o -

d e puty t o the C n il d A n i n D ire ct o r M i nist e r f the P ublic Tre sury in 1 802 ;

o se es c e s, ,
o a

h e w as l t e r ( fro m 1 80 8 t 1 83 7 ) first pre sid n t o f th e C r d C mpt

a o I n con e ou es o es.

n e c t io n with a fi n nci l crisis fo r which he w a a h e ld r sp nsi b l e h w as dism iss d as e o e e

fro m the c bi ne t in 1 806 H e h d co ns ent e d t h t c e rt in S t t e c ntract o rs fo rm i ng

,

a . a a a a -
o ,

a co m p any k no w n u nd r the n m fN eg i nt u n i sh uld b e p id in such w y

e a e o oc a s re
'
s, o a a a

as t o e xclud l m st e ntire ly the c o ntro l o fthe Tr e asury Th t c o m p ny h d b e tr ye d

e a o a a a a

f t he S t t e in risky
.

th e c o n fid e n c e o f the m inist e r and c m pr o m is d the fi nan c s , o e e o a

sp e cul ti o ns the re sult o f which w as th t in O ct o b r 1 80 5 t he B nk f Fr anc e o nly

a ,
a e , , a o

p o ss e ss e d in c ash wh r e as the am o u nt o f p y m e nts it h d to m k e w as

, e a a a

1: The p nic th t e nsu e d m uch disturb e d the m rk e t f r s e v e ral m nths

a a a o o .

O n h is r turn t P aris the e m p e ro r pp i nt e d M M o llie n t o M de B rbé M b i

’
e o ,
a o . . a -
ar o s

p o st ( S e Thie rs s L e C n l t et l E mp i e [ o l vi p 3 0 and fo l 1 87 and fo l

. e
’
o su a
’
r v . . . .
,
.
,

and M M lli n s M m oir )

’
o e e s

V al e nti ne de H archi e s m rri e d t o A nne C o m t e de Mo nt m o re ncy ( 1 78 7 1 8

. .

2
, a ,
-
TH E C ON VE N TI ON , TH E D I R E C TOR Y, TH E C ON S ULA TE . 227

M o rt e m a rt and de C h e vre us e a cc e pt e d the p o st o f l adi e s in

,
1
,
2

w iti ng t the e mpr ss thus e nno bling M a d a m e d B ass ano

a o e ,
e
3

w ho had b e e n a pp o i nt e d with th e m .
1

A t t he e nd o f tw e nty fo ur h o urs I l e ft A ust e rlitz I had

-
,
.

sp e nt tw o h o urs o n this t e rribl e b attl e fi e ld ; M a rsh al L a nn s -

e

had t a k e n m e th e r e a nd I o w e it t o 11 18 h o no ur a nd p e r
“

, ,

h ps t o milit a ry h o no ur in g ne r al t o say th at this s am e m a n

a e ,

w ho o n t he e ve ni ng b e fo r e had p e rfo rm e d such pr o digi o us

, ,

fe ats o f va l o ur w ho had displ y e d u npre c e d e nt e d c o ur ge as

,
a a

l o ng a he h d e ne mi e s to fight w a ab o ut t fa i nt wh e n his
s a ,
s o

e y e s g a z e d o n t he d e a d a nd m a im e d s o ldi e rs o f a ll na ti o ns ; he

w as so m o v e d th a t wh e n sh o wi ng m t h e diffe r e nt p o ints wh e r e
,
e

t h e pri ncip a l a tt a cks h a d b e e n m a d e he s a id t o m e I c a nn o t ,

:

st y l o nge r u nl e ss yo u wish t o c o m e with m e t o k no ck d o w n

'

a ,

th e s e vill ano us J e ws w ho are r o bbi ng t he d e a d a nd the dyi ng .

”

The ne g o ti ti o ns o f which b e fo r e this gre a t b ttl e th r e had

a , ,
a ,
e

o nly b e e n a pr e t e nc e th e n b e c a m e s e ri o us Th e y c o mm e nc e d
,
.

a t Bru nn in M o r avi a a nd e nd e d a t Pr e sburg wh e re G e ne ra l 4

, ,

G iu lay a nd t he l o y a l Pri nc e J o h n v o n Licht e n st e i n

5
ha d a
6

re p aire d with m e .

Whil e I w as in t he fi rst o f th e s e citi e s t he Emp e ro r N p o , a

l e o n dict at e d t o Duro c and Co u nt v o n H au gw it Mi nist e r o f ,

z ,

Prussi a sig ne d a tre aty ( D e c I 5

, ,
in which w e r e m e n .
,

t io ne d t he c e ssi o ns e x a ct e d fr o m A ustri a and by which Prussi a ,

1
l r t r cy b r
E eo no e de M o n m o e n , o n in 1 777 , m a e to Vrri d ict r ch ch u rt
o de R o e o a ,
Ma rquis rt rt
de M o e m a l dy w iti g
S he w as a pr ss
in a n t o t he e m e in 1 806
h rl s A dr
. .

2
r is r l t rri d
F anco e de N a b o nne P e e , m a e in 1 80 2 to C a e -
n e d A lb e rt, D u c
’
-

uy s
de L n e a nd de C e e e h vr us l dy
S he was a h us h ld
o f th e
. o e o pr sso f th e e m e in
1 80 7 , a nddi d e in 1 8 1 3 .

d
3 M a am e M a rt wif
e , th e p r r s i ist r
e o f th e e m e o
’
m n e
A ustri l st
.

4
c
‘

r
D e e m b e 2 6, 1 80 5 a o .t li p ss ssi s which w r u it d
all h e r I a an o e on , e e n e
with the ne w ki gd n t ly
om of I a yr l r rl rg
The T o and V o a b e , th e. pri cip lity n a of
E ichst t ci y
e d , th e t s v r l th r
o f A u gsb o u r , and e e a o
g rs w r ssig d B v ri
e m ano e e a ne to a a a

H h rg
.

u t
Th e C o n de o e nb e dgr v
, t he L an p rt
a e o f N e lle nb u rg , a a o f B risgau and ,

s v
e en o th r i p rt t citi s w r giv
e m o an e e e e n t o W iirt e m b e rgl ct r B d
The E e o o f a e n .

r c iv d
e e e r st
O rt e n au, the e st c
o f B risgau , and C o n i lly
an e titl
F na Ki g
,
th e e of n w as .

ack wl dg d
no e e l ct rs
fo r t h e E e o B v ri
of a a a and o f Wurte m b e rg, and
th t Gr d a of an

D uk e f l ct r B d
o r t he E e o of a en .

5
u t g tius
C o n I na G iulay ( 1 76 3 —1 83 1 ) e am e e ne a in 1 800
b c g r l t k p rt H e oo a in all .

th e w rs h i s ti
a of c rsh l
m e , b e am e fi e ld m a chi f c
a in 1 8 1 3 , d r B h i
e o m m an e
-
of o e m a in

1 8 2 3 , andp sid t
re A ulic u cil
e n o f th e C o n , 1 83 0
Jh ri c S v r ig
.

6
o an v o n Licht st i e n e n, P n e o e eG n of y r i
e rm a n , b o n in V e nna in 1 7 6 6
g r
e ne a l in the A ustri r y an a m in 1 7 94 r tir
I n 1 8 1 4, h e e his pri cip lity v r
e d to . n a , o e

which r ig d u til his d th

he e ne n ea ri cip lit icht st i
( P n a y of L tw yr l
e n e n, b e e e n t he T o
S witz rl d
.

and e an i h bit ts chi f t w

n a an e duz
o n, V a ) .
2 28 TH E M E Il/I OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

h e rs e lf c e d e d A nsp a ch a nd N e ufch at e l in e xch a nge fo r H ano ve r ,

which she r e c e iv e d N ap o l e o n had succ e ss e s o f all ki nds a nd he

.

a bus e d th e m b e y o n d m e sur e ab o v e a ll by d ati ng fr o m V i e nn

a ,
a,

a sh o rt tim e a ft e r t he i ns o l e nt d e cr e e in which he d e cl a r e d th a t
,

Fe rdi nand I V Ki ng o f t he Tw o S ic ilie s had c e a s e d t o r e ig n a nd

.
, , ,

gave t o J o s e ph B o nap art e his e ld e st br o th e r the ki ngd o m o f

, ,

N apl e s which he c o nqu e re d e a sily and th a t o f S icily o ve r

, , ,

which his im agi nati o n o nly has e v r re ig ne d e .

The syst e m th a t N a p o l e o n th e n a d o pt e d t he s e cr e t o f which ,

I h av e m e nti o ne d w as t he fi rst a c t t h a t must b e r e ck o ne d a m o ng

,

t he c a us e s o f his fa ll I will m a k e k no wn l a t e r with sp e ci a l

.
,

r fe re nc e t o e a ch o f t he ne w ki ngs he m a d e a ll th at th e re w as
e ,

imp o litic a nd d e structive in this m e th o d o f o ve rthro wi ng go ve rn

.
-

m e nts in o rd e r t o cre at e o th rs which he w as no t sl o w t o pull e

d o w n aga i n a nd th a t in a ll p a rts o f Euro p e

,
.

A ustri a in t he st a t e o f distr e ss t o which she n o w w as r e duc e d

, ,

c o uld no t do o th e rwis e th a n a cc e pt t he c o nditi o ns imp o s e d by

h e r vict o r Th o s e c o nditi o ns w e re h a rsh i nd e e d and t he tre aty
.
,

m ad e with C o u nt v o n H augw it m a d e it imp o ssibl e fo r m e t o z

mi t ig at e t h e m in a ny o th e r cl aus e s th an th o s e re l ative t o t he
i nd e m nity t o be p aid t o Fra nc e I at l e a st m anage d th a t the .
, ,

c o nditi o ns imp o s e d o n A ustri a sh o uld no t b e r e nd e r e d wo rs e by

a ny f ll a ci us i nt e rpr e t a ti o n
a o B e i ng m a st e r o f the w o rdi ng o n
.
,

which N p ol e o n s i nflu e nc e w as mi nimis e d by t he dist anc e I w as

a
’

fro m him I appli e d mys e lf t o m ak e it fre e fro m any a mbiguity ;

,

so th a t a lth o ugh h e ha d o bt a i ne d e v e rythi ng th a t it w as p o ssibl e

,

fo r him t o o bt a i n t he tre a ty did no t pl e a s e him

, H e wr o t e t o .

m e s o m e tim e a ft e r Y o u h av e m a d e m e a t Pr e sburg a tr e a ty
“ “

: , ,

t h at a nno ys m e a grea t d e a l which did no t h o we ve r pre ve nt

! , ,

him givi ng m e a sh o rt tim e a ft e r a m a rk e d pro o f o f s atisfa cti o n

, ,

by cr at i ng m e Pri nc e o f B e ne ve nt o the t e rrit o ry o f which was

e ,

o ccupi e d by his tr 0 0 ps I say with pl e a sur e th at th e r e by this

.
, ,

duchy which re m a i ne d my pro p e rty u ntil t he R e st o rati o n w as

, ,

s ave d a ll s o rts o f v e x a ti o ns a nd e ve n c o nscripti o n ,

.

C o u nt v o n H au g w it z sur e ly d e s e rv e d t o p ay wi t h his h e ad fo r
t h t r e t y he ha d da re d t o m a k e wi t h o ut a uth o rity a nd ag a i nst
e a

wh at he k ne w p e rf ctly w e ll to b e the wish o f his s o ve re ig n ;

e

but t o pu nish him wo uld h ave b e e n to att a ck N ap o l e o n hims e l f .

230 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

Whil e the Ki ng o f Prussi a wa s e mbro ili ng hims e lf with

E ngl and by o ccupyi ng H a no ve r t he l att e r w as thi nki ng o f ,

tre ati ng with Fra nc e Mr Pitt b e i ng d e ad Mr Fo x w ho w as . .

l
, .
,

no t d e sti ne d t o su rviv e him l o ng ha d b e c o m e by di nt o f t a l e nt , ,

a n d in spit e o f t he r e pug na nc e o f t he ki ng chi e f S e cre t a ry ,

o f S t at e fo r F o r e ig n A ffa irs in t he c abi ne t o f which L o rd

Gre nvill e 2 w as the no mi na l h e ad N o o ne d e t e st e d m o r e th an .

Mr Fo x t he o ppre ssi o n o f the go ve rnm e nt o f N a p o l e o n ; but

.

wh e th e r no t t o put his c o nduct in c o ntradicti o n with t he

l angu age he had us e d duri ng s o m e y e a rs a s chi e f o f the o pp o
sit io n o r fr o m a r e a l d e sir e f
,
o r p e a c e he b e li e v e d he o ught t o ,

m a k e p acific d e m o nstrati o ns H e wr o t e t o m e 3 t o i nfo rm m e .

o f a n i nt e nd e d a tt e mpt o n t he life o f t he e mp e r o r ( o r o f t he lea d r e

of tn e F re n /z as h e na m e d him in t he l e tt e r) which ha d b e e n
c , ,

re ve a l e d t o him by o ne o f the wre tch e d a uth o rs o f t he pl o t .

I e ag e rly s e iz e d this o cc a si o n a nd in th anki ng him in t he ,

n a m e o f t he e mp e r o r I e xpr e ss e d disp o siti o ns which w e r e s o o n

,

fo ll o we d by o ve rture s m ad e by the ch anne l o f L o rd Y a rm o uth .

A ft e r t w o o r thre e c o nfe r e nc e s Mr F o x t o b e a gre e abl e t o L o rd ,

.
,

Gre nvill e adj o i ne d L o rd L aud e rd a l e with L o rd Y a rm o uth

,
1
‘

O n his sid e t he Emp e r o r A l e x and e r s e nt t o P a ris M

, .

d O ub ri t o a rr a ng e a r e c o ncili ati o n I i nduc e d him t o m a k e a

’
.

tre aty which he ne go ti at e d with M r C l a rk e The Emp e ro r o f

,
. .
5

R ussi a w ho did no t wish t o go so fa r r e fus e d t o r atify it a nd

, , ,

disgrac e d him w ho had sig ne d it .

A s t o t he ne g o ti ati o n which had b e e n w e ll b e gu n by L o rd

Y a rm o uth a nd sp o il e d by L o rd L aud e rd l e it e nd e d in a ve n
,
a ,

gi ng E ngl and o n Prussi a much m o re th an E ngl and h e rs e lfw o uld

h ave wish e d .

1
J u ry
an a 23 , 1 806 .

2
W illi am W y ndh am
Lo en e ( 1 75 9 e e a of rd Gr vill
a e for o me S cr t ry St t H
r ig A ir
,

ft rw rds
A fl airs, and a e a fo r F o e n ffa s H e e e in 1 80 1 r tir d .

3
bru ry
Fe a 2 0 , 1 806
J s itl d rl p r S c tl d
.

‘1
am e ud
M a an , E a o f L a e a e , o n in 1 7 5 9 , e e o f o an in 1 7 89 rd l b r .

c r c this p i d
H e am e t o F an e at e r o , and a o a e m e th e e a n on ss ci t d hi s lf with l di g Gir dists
A lw ys fri d
.

a a en r c c
o f F an e , he o m ba e t he o of P e am e , in 1 80 6 , Pt d p licy itt b c rivy
S c tch S
,

u c ll r K p r
Co n i o , ee e o f the o e a , am b a a o e ao na r a t P a l
I n 1 8 1 6, ss d r xtr rdi y ris .

h pr t st d l udly g i st a a n d t the e en on o f N a o e on He in e e m e n in ti p l di d r tir t

;39
o e e o e .

1 .

5
O ct o b e r 1 4 , 1 806 G e ne ar l C om t e C l rk e ( 1 76 5
a be c am e in th e o f ll wi ngo

S cr t ry o f W
.

ye r a e e a ar, a nd w as cr e t e d D ue de
a F e ltr e . H e w as a pp i nt e d
o
M rsh l o f Fr anc e u nd e r the
a a Re st r ti n
o a o .
 TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y ,
TH E C ON S ULA TE . 23 1

P e ac e b e twe e n E ngl and nd Franc e w as m o ra lly imp o ssibl ea

with o u t t he re stituti o n o f H a no ve r a nd N ap o l e o n h avi ng

disp o s e d o f th at c o u ntry fo r e quiva l e nt s which he had a ls o ,

disp o s e d o f the re stituti o n w as lik e wis e m o ra lly imp o ssibl e

, .

But t he e mp e ro r w ho h e ld as r e a l o nly t he di fficulti e s which

,

c o uld no t b e o ve rc o m e by sh e e r fo rc e did no t h e sit at e t o a dmit ,

t his r e stituti o n as o ne o f t he b a s e s o f t he a gr e e m e nt t o b e m a d e .

H e s a id t o hims e lf Prussi a w ho has re c e ive d H ano ve r thro ugh

“
,

fe a r will re tur n it thro ugh fe a r ; a nd as fo r t he e quiva l e nts which

, ,

she h as giv e n I sh a ll c o mp e ns a t e t h e m by pr o mis e s which will

,

m e e t the prid e o f t he c abi ne t a nd with which the c o u ntry sh a ll ,

b e o blig e d t o b e s atisfi e d
”
.

Prussi a c o uld no t l o ng b e ig no ra nt o f this tre ach e r o us p ro

c e e ding t he E nglish w e r e i nt e r e st e d in m a ki ng Prussi a k no w it ,

a nd in a dditi o n Prussi a w as s o o n t o b e t he victim o f a no th e r

, ,

e rfi d
p y .

I n t he c o nve rs ati o ns which C o u nt v o n H augw it had had at z

V i e nna as w e ll as at P a ris with t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n t he

, ,

l att e r had sp o k e n t o him o f his pro j e ct o f diss o lvi ng the

G e rm an Empire a nd o f substituti ng fo r it t w o c o nfe d e rati o ns
, ,

o ne o f t he s o uth t he o th e r o f t he n o rth
,
H e did no t wish he .
,

s a id t o h ave a ny i nflu e nc e e xc e pt o v e r the fi rst Prussi a w o uld b e

,

a t t he h e a d o f t h e s e c o n d The Prussi an c abi ne t a ll o we d its e lf t o

.

b e a llur e d by this pr o j e ct but wh e n th e y wish e d t o pr o c e e d with

,

t he d e m a rc a ti o n o f t h e t w o c o nfe d e r a ti o n s N a p o l e o n d e cl a r e d ,

th at Prussi a c o uld no t i nclud e in he r p art e ith e r t he H a ns e atic

citi e s o r S a x o ny th at is t o say t he o nly c o u ntri e s which w e re
, ,

no t a lre a dy u nd e r t he i nflu e nc e a nd pro t e cti o n o f Prussi a Th e .

l at t e r s e e i ng h e rs e lf ch e at e d t o o k c o u ns e l o nly o f t he
, ,

irrit ati o n which re ig ne d in a ll cl a ss e s o f t he nati o n a nd rush e d ,

t o a rms .

I t w as no t with o ut s e cr e t u ne a si ne ss th a t t he e mp e r o r w e nt ,

fo r t he first tim e t o m e a sur e his str e ngth with h e rs

, The .

a nci e nt gl o ry o f t he Prussi a n a rm yimp o s e d up o n him but a ft e r

a n a cti o n o f o nly fo ur h o urs t he ph a nt o m v anish e d a nd t he
, ,

b attl e o f J e na put t he Prussi a n m o na rchy c o mpl e t e ly at the

1

m e rcy o f a c o nqu e ro r a ll t he m o re pitil e ss th at the wro ngs

,

1
O ct o b e r 1 4, 1 80 6 .
23 2 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

w e re o n his sid e a nd th at b e sid e s he had ha d s o m e fe a r and

, , , ,

th at th e y k ne w it .

N p o l e o n w as a lre ady at B e rli n wh e n he re c e ive d a n im

a ,

prud e nt pro cl am a ti o n fro m t he Pri nc e o fthe P e a c e which s e e m e d ,

t o a nno u nc e t he a ppr o a chi ng d e fe cti o n o f S p a i n H e th e n m ad e .

1

up his mi nd to d e stro y a t any pric e t he S p a nish bra nch o f the

‘

H o us e o f B o urb o n a nd I I t o o k i nw a rdly t he o ath t o c e a s e at , ,

wh at e ve r price t o b e his mi nist e r as s o o n as w e sh o uld h av e

, ,

r e tur ne d t o Franc e H e c o nfirm e d m e in this re s o luti o n by t he

.

b a rb arity with which at Tilsit he tre a t e d Prussi a a lth o ugh he , , ,

m ad e m e t he i nstrum e nt o f it This tim e he did no t a pply t o m e .

t o tre a t fo r c o n tributi o ns o f w ar a nd fo r t he e v a cu a ti o n o f t he

t e rrit o ri e s by his tro o ps H e ch a rge d M a rsh a l B e rthi e r with this .

2

duty H e th o ught th at at Pre sburg I had a ct e d in a m anne r t o o

.
, ,

much o pp o s e d t o wh a t he be li e v e d t o b e his re a l i nt e re sts but

I a m a nticip a ti ng e v e nts .

W e re m a i ne d but a fe w d ays a t B e rli n H e rr v o n Z a stro w .

,

c o nfid e nti a l a id e de c a mp o f t he ki ng and H e rr v o n Lucch e si ni

- -
,

h ad had p e rmissi o n t o r e p a ir t o th a t pl a c e H e rr v o n Lucch e si n i .

p ass e d in Prussi a fo r b e i ng ve ry c ap abl e a nd ab o ve all ve ry subtl e .

H is subtilty h as o ft e n r e c a ll e d t o m e t he m ot o f Dufr e s ne Too ,

m a ck se ns tha t is to say not e no ng /t

e, Th e s e tw o pl e nip o t e nti a ri e s .
”

c a me t o ne go ti at e an a rmistic e which p e rh aps th e y might h ave

o bt a i ne d if th e y ha d no t b e e n i nfo rm e d t o o l t e o f t he c a pitul a a

ti o n o f M agd e burg The R ussi an a rmy it is tru e w as still .

, ,

i nt a ct but it was t o o sm a ll a nd b e sid e s t he Prussi ans w e re

, ,

c o mpl e t e ly disc o ur age d all th e ir str o ng pl a c e s had o p e ne d th e ir ,

gat e s a nd fi nally P o lish d e put a ti o ns h ast e ne d fro m all sid e s t o

,

I1
8 6 th S p ish g v r m t h d f
n 1 0 , e m m t th th ught f br ki g f
an o f e n en a or a o en e o o ea n o

with F r nce The u nsucce ss fh r struggl with E ngl nd the u ne si n ss c us e d he r

a . o e e a ,
a e a

b y th e disp o ss e ssi n o f Ki ng F rdi n nd all c o n tribut e d t fo rc he th t w y

o Thee a ,
o e r a a .

P ri nc e f th e P e c
o w h o th n dire ct d the p litics f the c ab i n t s e iz e d the m m nt
a e, e e o o e ,
o e

w he n N po le n w as ng g d with P r ssi nd issu e d n t in t he n m e o f th k i ng a e

‘

a o e a e u a, a ,
o ,

b t in his p e rs n l n m e a r th e r
u o m b igu o us pro cl m ti o n in which W i th o ut
a a a a a a ,

d e sign ti ng ny o ne he e xcit e d the S p nish p e o pl t pre p are f r w r A ft r the

, ,

a a a e o o a . e

vict o ry o fJ e na the P ri nc o fthe P e c fright n d c apitul t d i m m e di t e ly and spre d

,

e a e, e e a e a ,
a

bro d the re p o rt th t the nly e ne m y o f S p i n w as E ngl nd but no o ne w s de c i v e d

, ,

a a a o a a a e

b y this ch ng e o f t ctics —N p l e n l e st o f ll
,

a a a o o a a

M rsh l A l e x andre B e rthi r b rn in 1 7 5 3 w m j o r g ne ral o fthe Grand A r m y

.

2
a a e ,
o , as a -
e ,

a nd gr nd m st e r o f the hu nt
a a I n 1 80 7 h e b e c m vic e c ns t bl P ri nc e d N uf
.
, a e -
o a e, e e

ch at l and P ri nc e de W agr m I n 1 8 1 4 he supp o rt e d L o uis X V I I I wh n m e d h m

e a . o a i

p e r o f F r nc e and c pt ai n o f the gu ards D uri ng the H u ndre d D ys he r e tire d to

.
, ,

e a a a ,

B mb e rg ( B avari a) whe re he di e d J u ne 1 u nd e r ve ry m yste ri o us circu m st nc e s

.

a a .
, ,
23 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

right to a ll my pro t e cti o n The d e put a ti o n re tur ne d pro mptly .

t o W a rs a w full o f h o p e
, .

I t w as at P o s e n th a t t he e mp e r o r tr e at e d with t he El e ct o r
o f S a x o ny u ntil th e n a n a lly o f Prussi a
,
The e l e ct o r j o i ne d .

t he C o nfe d e r a ti o n o f t he R hi ne a nd t o o k t he titl e o f ki ng
1
On .

this o cc as o n N ap o l e o n r e c e ive d t he list o f picture s th at M

i , .

D e no n i nduc e d him t o t a k e fr o m t h e g a ll e ry o f Dr e sd e n
2
He .

w as r e adi ng it wh e n I e nt e r e d his study a nd h e sh o w e d it t o m e ,

.

“
I f y o ur M aj e sty s aid I t o him c a rri e s away a ny o f the
,
”
,

pictur e s o f Dr e sd e n yo u will do m o re th a n the Ki ng o f S a x o ny

,

a ll o w e d hims e lf t o do f o r he d o e s no t b e li e v e h e h as t he p o w e r
,

t o put a ny o f th e m in his p a l a c e H e r e sp e cts t he g a ll e ry as .

nati o na l pr o p e rty
”
.

“
Ye s s a id N ap o l e o n he is a v e ry go o d m an ; w e must
, ,
“

n o t c a us e him a ny gri e f I a m g o i ng t o giv e o rd e rs no t

,
to
t o uch anythi ng W e will se e l ate r . .
”

The e mp e ro r b e i ng c e rt ai n o f h avi ng a ne w a rmy c o rps o f

,

a t l e a st fo rty th o us and P o l e s l e ft a f e w d ays a ft e r f o r W a rs a w

,
.

Mura t a l o ne was i nfo rm e d o f the e x a ct m o m e nt o f his a rriva l

in th at city which he e nt e r e d in t he middl e o f t he night
, A t six .

o cl o ck in t he m o r n i ng t he ne w a u t ho rit ie s a ll cr e a t e d by t he
’ ‘

, ,

i nflu e nc e o f t he Fre nch o ffi c e rs w ho b e l o ng e d t o the a rmy c o rps

o f Mur a t r e c e iv e d t he o rd e r t o r e p a ir t o t he p a l a c e wh e r e th e y
,

we re t b e pre s e nt e d t o the e mp e ro r H e re c e ive d with m a rk e d

o .

disti ncti o n t he m o st a rd e nt a m o ng the m e n w ho c am e th e re ;

th e y b e l o nge d t o th at cl ass o f p atri o ts a lways re ady t o we lc o m e
a ny ch a nge wh a t e v e r in t he o rg a niz a ti o n o f th e ir c o u ntry He .

sh o we d hims e lf m o re s e v e re t o wa rds t he o th e rs a nd p articul a rly ,

t o wa rds Pri nc e J o s e ph P o ni at o wski wh o m he bl a m e d ve ry ,

3

bitt e rly fo r no t h avi ng c o ns e nte d t o t ak e his ra nk in t he a rmy

a g ai n u ntil p o sitiv e o rd e rs had b e e n giv e n him by Mur a t in t he

na m e o f t he e mp e r o r By d e s e rvi ng this re pro ach m ad e t o his

.

fi d e lity Pri nc e J o s e ph s e cure d a sp e ci a l pl ac e in t he e st e e m

,

1
c b r
D e e m e 1 1 , 1 80 6 .

2
B r ir ct r G r l
The a o n D e no n ( 1 7 4 7 1 8 2 5 ) w as D e o us u s
e ne a o f M
-
e m -
.

3
P n e ri c J s ph
o e i t wski
Pon a o ph w
, ne e l st Ki g
o f th e a l d M rsh l o f
n o f P o an ,
a a

r c
F a n e in 1 8 1 3 r w d lst r ft r b ttl e o f L e ipz ig
H e w as d o ne in the E e , th e day a e th e a
.
.

I n 1 806 , he put hi s lf
m e h d
at t h e ea lish r y ft r h vi g e x act d nd
o f th e P o a m , a e a n e a

t i d th t this
o b a ne a y sh uld pr s rv its ti lity
arm o e e e na o naits utand y and sh uld
a o no m ,
o

i c rp r t d i t
no t b e n o o a e r ch tr ps
n o th e F e n oo .
TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y , TH E CON S UL A TE . 23 5

of t he mp e ro r who at t he m o m e nt he gave P l and a p ro

e , ,
o

vis o ry go ve r nm e nt app o i nt e d him Mi nist e r o f W ar

,
.

The fi rst st ay o f N ap o l e o n a t W a rs aw w as v e ry sh o rt In .

all t he c o nve rs ati ns he had ha d with t he m o st i nflu e nt i a l

o

p e rs o ns o f the c o u ntry he ha d a nno u nc e d his i nt e nti o n t o m a rch

,

s o o n up o n Gro d no a ddi ng th at the o bst acl e s b e i ng i nsignifi c ant

, , ,

h w o uld in a sh o rt tim e h av e d e str o y e d ll wh a t he a lr e a dy

e a

c a ll e d t he re m a i ns o f t he R ussi an a rmy and drive n b a ck as he , ,

s id th e s e n w Eur o p e a ns i nt o th e ir fo rm e r fro nti e rs The qu ag

a ,
e .

mir e s o f Pultusk d e l ay e d fo r s o m e tim e t he e x e cuti o n o f his

1

pl ans with o ut h o we ve r m o difyi ng his l angu age O n re tur ni ng t o

, .

W a rs aw he anno u nc e d th at he had just ha d gre a t succ e ss e s but

, ,

th at he did no t wish t o a va il hims e lf o f a dva nt age s which t he

s e a s o n re nd e re d v e ry p a i nful t o his tro o ps and th at he w as ,

go i ng t o t k e up his wi nt e r qu art e rs
a .

H e e mpl o y e d th a t p e ri o d o f r e st which a ft e r all w as no t l o ng , , ,

in o rg a nizi ng P o l a nd in such a m anne r th a t she b e c a m e a gr e at

h e lp t o him at t he o p e ni ng o f t he c amp aign
, .

A nd as he k ne w th a t im a gi na ti o n o nly rul e s in th at p e culi a r

c o u ntry he d e vo t e d his wh l e c a r e duri ng t he thre e we e ks which
,
o

he sp nt in W rs aw t o e x a lti ng t he milit ry spi r

e a it f t h nati n
, a o e o ,

t o givi ng fet e s b a lls c o n c e rts t o sh o wi ng c o nt e mpt f r t he

, , ,
o

R ussi a ns t o displ ayi ng gr e a t luxury

,
nd t sp e a ki ng o f J o h n ,
a o

S o bi e ski H e a ls o l a id his gl o ry publicly a t t he fe e t o f a b auti

. e

ful P o lish l ady M ad a m e A nast a s e W a le wsk a w ho fo ll o we d him

, ,

t o O st e r o d e a nd t o F ink e nst e in whith e r he b e t o o k hims e lf in , ,

o rd e r t o visit a ll his tr o o ps .

I w as t o r em a i n at W a rs aw wh e r e th e re w as a ki nd o f dipl o ,

m atic c o rps I w as surro u nd e d by G e rm an mi nist e rs wh o s e ,

m ast e rs in th e s e d e structive tim e s had the f c e t o t hi nk o f o h

, ,
a

t i ni ng e nl arg m e nts o f t e rrit o ry A ustri a fro m diffe re nt

a e .
,

m o tive s had s e nt th e re B a r o n de V i nce nt H is i nstructi o ns

,
?

1
ultusk city f R ussi n P o l nd o n the N re w
P ,
a o i nh bit nts ) V ict ry o f
a a a a a . o
L nn s v r B nning se n in 1 80 7
a e o e e .

B r n C h de V i nce nt b rn in L o rr ine nt e re d the s e rvic f th E m pir h e

2
a o .
, o a , e e o e e
w as em pl o y e d in the ne g ti ti ns with P i h gr ; w o ne o f th sig n t ri s o f th
a o c e u as o e a o e e

t r ty f C m p F rm i b c m e in 1 8 1 4 go v rn r f th L w C u ntri s in th e
ea o a o- o o, e a , , e o o e o o e
n m
a fthe o lli s nd w s ft rw rds s nt
e a e , a m b ss d r t a P ris a Th pr vi nc s
e a e as a a a o o a e o e

wh s i nt e re sts w r e ntrust d t his c r in 1 80 7 w r t h P l t m t f C r c w

o e e e e o a e e e e a a a es o a o

S nd m ir nd L ub li n wh s fr nti e r f ll o ws th c o urs e fthe riv r B ug

, ,

a o , a , o e o o e o e o .
236 TH E I ME M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

w e re c o nfi ne d t o s e e i ng th a t o rd e r w as no t disturb e d in t he
fo rm e r P o lish p o ss e ssi o ns which had fa ll e n t o the sh a re o f t h e
Emp e ro r o fA ustri a si nc e t he l ast p a rtiti o n o f P o l a nd a nd which ,

w e r e cl o s e t o t he s e at o f w a r I e nt e re d i nt o his vi e ws a nd .
,

h e lp e d him by a ll t he m e a ns in my p o we r t o fi ll his missi o n

s atisfa ct o rily .

N ap o l e o n ha d a pp o i nt e d a s G o ve r no r o f P o l and a m an so
utt e rly i nc ap a bl e th a t he i nstruct e d m e duri ng his a bs e nc e t o , ,

watch o ve r d e t ails which w e re natur a lly a m o ng the duti e s o f the

G o ve rno r Thus I cl o th e d t he tro o ps s e nt th e m o ff b o ught the
.
, , ,

pro visi o ns visit e d the h o spit als wit ne ss e d the dre ssi ng o f w o u nds
, , ,

distribut e d gr atuiti e s a nd had e v e n t o go so far a s t o i ndic a t e t o

,

t he G o v e r no r wh a t h e o ught t o put in t he o rd e rs o f t he day .

This ki nd o f o ccup a ti o n b e i ng e ntire ly fo re ig n t my usu a l , o

pursuits wo uld h ave b e e n ve ry l ab o ri o us had I no t fo u nd in t he

, ,

h o us e o fPri nc e P o ni at o wski a nd in th at o ft he C o u nte ss V i nc e nt ,

Tyszki e wicz his sist e r all s o rts o f h e lp a nd a ssist anc e The

, , .

m arks o f i nt e re st a t fi rst o f a ffe cti o n aft e rw a rds which I re c e ive d

, ,

in th a t e xc e ll e nt a nd no bl e fa mily are i nd e libly e ngr av e d o n m y ,

gra t e ful h e a rt I w as gri e ve d at l e avi ng W a rs a w But t he b attl e

. .

o f Eyl a u ha d j ust b e e n fo ught with a c e rt a i n a m o u nt o f succ e ss

1
,

a nd N ap o l e o n b e i ng a n xi o us t o e n t e r o n ne go ti a ti o n s h a d in
, ,

struct e d m e t o j o i n him H o we ve r a ll t he a tt e mpts m ad e in .

,

th a t dire cti o n fail e d it w as still nec e ss a ry fo r him t o fight a nd , ,

a ft e r a f e w d a ys h e u n d e rst o o d it The t a ki ng o f D a nzig had 2

.
, ,

r ais e d aga i n wh a t is c all e d t he p irit o f t he a rmy a littl e de s ,

pre ss e d by the di fficulti e s it had e xp e ri e nc e d at Pultusk by ,

t he b a ttl e o f Eyl a u by t he clim a t e a nd fo r Fr e nchm e n by

, , , ,

t o o pr o l o ng e d a n a bs e n c e fr o m th e ir c o u ntry The e mp e r o r with .

,

a ll t he tr o o ps he h a d c o ll e ct e d m a rch e d o n H e ilsb e rg wh e r e he , ,

w o n a fi rst vict o ry pursui ng the R ussi a ns he b e at th e m aga i n

3
,

a t G u t st a dt a n d fi na lly a t Fri e dl a nd
4
.

The t e rr o r th a t this l a st d e fe a t spr e a d a m o ng t he R ussi ans

i nduc e d th e m t o d e sire t he quick t e rmi na ti o n o f th at gre a t
struggl e A n i nt e rvi e w t o t ak e pl ac e in t he middl e o f the
.
,

Ni e m e n w as pro p o s e d by A l e x a nd e r ; it w as so ro m antic ally

,

c o nc e ive d and might b e so m ag nifi c e ntly a rra nge d th at N a p o l e o n , ,

1
F bru y 8
e 8 7
ar , M y 6
1 0 ,
Ju 2Ju 4 a 2 .
3 ne 1 1 .
4
ne 1 .
23 8 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

fe a re d a ft e r the brut a l q u e sti o n which N ap o l e o n o ne day a sk e d

t he Q u e e n o f Prussi a H o w did yo u d a r e t o m a k e w a r ag a i nst
m e M a d a m with such fe e bl e m e ans at y o ur disp o s a l
, ,
P e rmit
m e S ire to t e ll y o ur M aj e sty th at t he gl o ry o f Fr e d e rick I I had
, ,
.

misl e d us as to the tru e st a t e o f o u r p o w e r Th at w o rd g lo ry .

”
,

so h a ppily pl a c e d a nd a t Tilsit in t he v e ry study o f t he

, ,
Em
p e ro r N a p o l e o n s e e m
,
e d t o m e sup e rbly dig n ifi e d I r e p e a t e d .

this fi ne re ply o f the qu e e n o ft e n e no ugh fo r the e mp e ro r t o say

,

t o m e o ne day I c a nno t im agi ne wh at yo u thi nk so fi ne in th at

s ayi ng o f the Q u e e n o f Prussi a ; yo u might as w e ll sp e a k o f
s o m e thi ng e ls e .

I w as i ndig na nt a t a ll I saw o r h e a rd but w as o blig e d t o ,

c o nc e a l my i ndig nati o n a nd I sh a ll e v e r b e th a nkful th a t t he

,

Q u e e n o f Prussi a w ho d e s e rv e d t o live in b e tt e r d ays w a s

, ,

gra ci o usly pl e as e d t o a ck no wl e dge it I f in the re c o ll e cti o ns .

o f my life se v e r a l
, a re ne c e ss a rily p a i nful I r e m e mb e r a t ,

l e a st with much swe e t ne ss the thi ngs which sh e th e n had t he

g o o d ne ss t o say t o m e a nd th o s e which she a lm o st e ntrus t e d t o
,

me . Pri nc e de B e ne v e nt she s a id t o m e t he l ast tim e I had

,

t he h o no ur o f s e e i ng he r t o he r c a rri a g e th e r e are o nly t w o “

,

p e rs o ns w ho re gre t my h avi ng had t o c o m e h e re I a nd y o urs e lf ,

.

Y o u a re no t angry a re yo u a t my thi nki ng so ? The t e a rs

”
, ,

o f c o mp a ssi o n a nd prid e th a t fi ll e d my e y e s w e re my s o l e
re pl y .

The e ffo rts m ad e by this no bl e wo m a n w e re with o ut av a il

with N ap o l e o n he triumph e d and w as th e re fo re i nfl e xibl e The , .

pro mis e s he had c aus e d t o b e bro k e n and th o s e he had o bt ai ne d , ,

had i nt o xic at e d him H e w as pl e a s e d a ls o t o b e li e v e th a t he

.
,

had m a d e a dup e o ft he Emp e r o r o f R ussi a ; but tim e has pr o v e d

th at the re a l dup e w as hims e lf .

By t he tre aty o f Tilsit t he y o u ng e st o f his bro th e rs J erom e

, ,

B o nap a rt e had b e e n re c o g niz e d as Ki ng o f W e stph ali a His

, .

ki ngd o m was c o mp o s e d o f s e ve ral o f t he pro vi nc e s c e d e d

by P russi a o f the gre at e r p a rt o f the e l e ct o ra t e o f H e ss e
, ,

a nd o f t he duchy o f Bru nswick W o lf e nb iitt e l c o nqu e re d but

-
,

no t c e d e d . N ap o l e o n d e sire d gre atly t o a dd t o th e m als o t he

pri ncip aliti e s o f A nh a lt Lipp e a nd W a ld e ck But t aki ng
, .
,

a dv a nt age o f t he r e a l e mb a rr a ssm e nt in which he fo u nd him

TH E CON VE N TI ON , TH E DI R E C TOR Y , TH E C ON S UL A TE . 239

s e lf ft e r t he b attl e o f Pultusk which h o we ve r he w o uld

a , , ,

no t a ck no wl e dg e I h a d had th e s e pri ncip a liti e s a dmitt e d as w e ll

,

a s th o s e o f R e uss a nd S chw a rzburg i nt o t he C o nfe d e r a ti o n o f

t he R hi ne and he did no t ye t d a r e t o a tt e mpt as he did l a t e r

, , ,

a nythi ng ag a i nst t he pri nc e s he h ad a dmitt e d t o th a t b o dy T he .

tre aty o f Tilsit h avi ng b e e n sig ne d a nd ratifi e d w e c o uld at , ,

l ast re tur n t o Fr ance

,
.

The e xcit e m e nt which I had b e e n subj e ct e d t o fo r ne arly a

y e ar m ad e m e fe e l i ne xpre ssibly h appy a nd c o mfo rt abl e whil e
, ,

p assi ng thro ugh Dre sd e n wh e r e I sp e nt s e ve ra l d ays The no bl e , .

a nd qui e t m a nne rs o f t he C o urt o f S a x o ny t he public and priv a t e ,

virtu e s o f Ki ng Fre d e rick A ugustus the b e ne vo l e nc e and sin ,

1

c e rit y which a pp e a r e d e v e rywh e r e m a d e m e pr e s e rv e a sp e ci a l ,

r e m e mbranc e o f this st ay at Dre sd e n .

N ap o l e o n o n a rrivi ng in P aris cre at e d fo r M arsh al B e rthi e r

, ,

t he p o st o f vic e c o nst abl e a nd fo r mys e lf th a t o f vic e gr a n d

-
,
-

e l e ct o r Th e s e p o sts w e re h o no urabl e and lucrative si ne cure s

.

I th e n l e ft t he c a bi ne t as I had i nt e nd e d t o do .

Duri ng all the tim e I ha d ch a rg e o f t he m anage m e nt o f

fo re ig n a ffairs I s e rve d N ap o l e o n with fid e lity a nd z e al A s
, .

t o t he e mp e r o r he a dh e r e d fo r a l o ng tim e t o t he vi e w s
, , ,

which I c o nsid e re d it a duty t o sugge st t o him Th o s e vi e ws .

we re b as e d up o n th e s e t w o c o nsid e rati o ns To e st ablish fo r :

Franc e m o na rchic al i nstituti o ns which sh o uld s e cure the p re

ro g a t iv e s o f t he cro w n and t he a uth o rity o f t he s o v e re ig n ,

by k e e pi ng th e m withi n j ust limits ; t o sp a re Eur o p e in o rd e r

th at the P o we rs might p ard o n Fra nce he r a chi e ve m e nts a nd
gl o ry I n 1 80 7 N ap o l e o n had a lre ady fo r a l o ng tim e p ast it
.
, ,

mus t b e o w ne d k e pt away fr o m t he p ath o n which I had d o ne

,

my b e st t o k e e p him but I had b e e n u nabl e u ntil the o cc asi o n, ,

which no w pre s e nt e d its e lf t o give up t he no mi nal dire cti o n ,

o f fo r e ig n a ff a irs I t w as no t so e a sy s o ne might supp o s e t

. a o

r e sign a p o st the duti e s o f which br o ught its o ccup ant in d a ily

,

c o nt act with him .

1
re d e rick A ugustu s I b o rn in 1 75 8 E l e ct r o f S ax o ny t the d e th o f his
F o a a
br th e r in 1 763 M rri e d A m e li P ri nce ss f Z we i Br uck n H e t o k the titl e f
.
, ,
'

o . a a, o -
e . o o

King in 1 806 nd r m ai n d f ithful t N ap l e o n u ntil 1 8 1 3 Th C ngre ss f

,
a e e a o o . e o o
V i nna g ve him b ck
e a p rti o n f his p o ss essi o ns H e di e d in 1 82 7 l e aving th
a a o o e
thro ne to his e lde r bro th e r A nt o i ne
.
,

, .
2 40 TH E M E T WOI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

H a rdly
re tur ne d fro m Tilsit N a p o l e o n d e vo t e d a ll his a tt e n ,

ti o n t o t he e x cuti o n o f his d e sig ns o n S p a i n The i ntrigu e o f

e .

this u nd e rt a ki ng is so i nv o lv e d th a t I h ave th o ught it ne ce ss ary

t o e xpl ai n it s e p a r a t e ly I must o nly say h e r e th a t t he 1
.

e mp e ro r cli ngi ng t o t he b e li e f th a t I a ppro ve d his pro j e cts

, ,

ch o se pre cis e ly my e st at e o f V a l e ncay to b e c o m e t he pris o n ,

o f F e rdi na n d V I I his bro th e r and th e ir u ncl e But ne ith e r

.
, , .

th e se pri nce s no r t he public w e re d e c e ive d by this H e .

succ e e d e d no m o r e in m aki ng p e o pl e b e li e ve th at in this I w as , ,

his a cc o mplic e th a n he did in t he c o nqu e st o f S p a i n

, .

Wh e n the Emp e ro r A l e x and e r a nd he had s e p a rat e d at

Tilsit th e y pro mis e d t o se e e ch o th e r a gai n s o o n This w as a
,
a .

pro mis e N a p o l e o n ha d no d e sire t o k e e p a t l e a st u nl e ss t he ,

st at e o f his a ffa irs m a d e it ne c e ss a ry But wh e n G e ne ra l .

J u no t had b e e n drive n fro m P o rtug al by t he E nglish wh e n ,

2

G e ne ra l Dup o nt w as fo rc e d t o c apitul at e a t Bayle n a nd wh e n ,

8

a g e ne r a l i n surr e cti o n in S p i n g av e pr o sp e cts o f a r e sist a nc e a ,

which might b e o f l o ng durati o n he b e g a n t o fe a r th at A ustri a ,

might pro fit by th e s e circumst a nc e s a nd fe lt t he ne e d o f ,

m a ki ng m o re sure o f R ussi a s i nt e nti o ns H e th e n gre w ’

.

a n xi o us t o se e t he Emp e r o r A l e x a n d e r o n c e m o re a nd i nvit e d ,

him to an i nt e rv i e w t o t a k e pl a c e a t Erfurt A lth o ugh .

1
‘

a lr e a dy v e ry c o ld with m e he wish e d m e t o acc o mp any him ; ,

he w as p e rsu ad e d t hat I might pr o v e us e ful t o him a nd th a t

su ffic e d him The num e r o us and piqu a nt i ncid e nts o f this
.

i nt e rvi e w fo rm a n e pis o d e by th e ms e lve s : I h ave th o ught it

a dvis a bl e t o m a k e a s e p a r a t e ch apt e r o f th e m The i nt e nti o n 5
.

o f N a p o l e o n h o w e v e r must fi n d a pl a c e h e r e
,
H is purp o s e w as
,
.

1
rt I V
See Pa .

G n r l A nd o ch e J uno t D c d A b r ntes h d b e n pl c e d at the h e d o f th

2
e e a u
’
a a e a a e
rm y f P rtug l A t first succ e ssful n A ugust 2 1
, ,

a o o a . h w as 1 80 8 de f t d e o ea e

at V i m e ir o b y t he A ngl o P o rtugu s e ar m y
, , ,

nd fo rc e d to sig n t C i n tr a c pitul ti o n
-
e , a a a a a ,

by the t rm s o fwhich h e w as t e v cu t e P o rtug l

e o a a a .

3 G e ne r al P i rr e D up o nt de l E t n
e 1 —
g ( 7 5 1 83 9 ) h d b e e n in 1 80 8 pl c d at the
6
’
a a a e

h e d o fthe A ndalusi an rm y O n J uly 2 2 b e i ng att ck e d by sup e ri r f rc e s co m

, ,

a a a o o
m nde d b y t he S p nish g e n r l C ast no s he c pitul t d in the o p n fi ld n r
.
,

a a e a , a ,
a a e e e ea

B yle n
a . F r e nch s o ldi e rs w e re dis rm e d nd s nt t o th e r o cks f C br r a a e o a e a

( B l ric I sl nd ) wh e r e th y di e d fo r the m o st p rt fr m sick ne ss and m is e ry

a ea a s
, e a o .

G ne r l D up nt h vi ng re turne d to F r nc e w tri d b y c o urt m rti l nd

e a o ,
a a ,
as e a -
a a , a
s nt e nce d to i m pris o nm nt fo r life H e c m e o t fpris o n in 1 8 1 4 nd w as M i nist r
e e . a u o ,
a e

o f W r u nd e r th fi st R st r ti n
a e r e o a o

A city fthe ki ngd o m f S x o ny ( to d y anne xe d to Prussi a) o n the G e ra

.

1
‘
o o a -
a .

S e P art V
5
e .
2 42 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

A ft e r
h avi ng give n m any fet e s a nd m ad e a ki nd o f tre aty
e ss e nti ally diff e r e n t fr o m th a t he had in vi e w o n c o mi ng t o
Erfurt t he e mp e ro r r e turne d t o P a ris a nd M de C h a mp ag ny
, , .
,
1

th e re aft e r had t he s o l e dire cti o n o f t he d e p a rtm e nt o f F o re ig n

A ffa irs A s fo r m e I r e sum e d t he i n sig nifi c ant life o f a gra nd
.
,

dig nit ary .

A t all h a z ards I did wh a t w a s in my p o we r t o o bt a i n t he

,

c o nfi d e nc e o f the Emp e ro r A l e x a nd e r a nd I succ e e d e d su ffi , ,

c ie nt ly w e ll fo r him t o s e n d t o m e a s s o o n a s his fi rst tr o ubl e br o k e ,

o u t with Fr an c e Co u n t de N e sse lro de , c o u ncill o r t o the R ussi a n ,

Emb assy in P a ris w ho o n e nt e ri ng my ro o m s aid t o m e I

, , , ,
“

h ave j ust c o m e fro m S t P e t e rsburg I h o ld an o ffici a l situ ati o n

.

with Pri nc e Ko u ra k in a lth o ugh it is re a lly t o yo u th at I a m

,

a ccr e dit e d I a m k e e pi ng up a priva t e c o rr e sp o nd e nc e with t he

.

e mp e r o r a nd no w bri ng
yo u o ne o f his l e tt e rs
”
, .

J B aptist N m p d C h m p g y D d C d r ( 75 6
1
e an e o e re e f rmr
a a n ue e a o e 1 o e
S t t s G r l b c m i 8 c u cill r f t t
,

d puty f th
e o b ility t th e no o e a e -
e ne a , e a e, n 1 00 , o n o o s a e,
am b ss d r t V i
a a o a d M i ist r f th I t ri r
e nna i 8 7 h succ d d
an n e o e n e o n 1 0 e ee e
M i ist r f F r ig A ff irs
,
T ll yr d
a e an as n e o o e n a .

‘
E N D O F TH E T H I R D P AR T .
 PA R T IV .

P
S A N I S H AFFA I R S .

N ap o l e o n at F ink e nst e in —H is lo ve o f d e c e it —S itu ati o n o f F r anc e at th e

cl o se o f the y e ar 1 80 7 —N a p o l e o n s d e si g ns o n S p ai n—The pr e t e xt
’

h e ch o se t o c a rry th e m o u t —Ta ll e yr an d e n d e av o ur s t o di ssu a d e th e

e m p e r o r fr o m wr o ngi n g t h e o ld a ll y o fF r a n c e
—Tr e a ty o f F o nt a i ne bl e a u
—
.

N a p o l e o n s sh am e ful br e a ch o f fa ith t o w ard s C h a rl e s I V o f S p ai n

’
.

D o n J u an de E sc o i qu iz C an o n o fTo l e d o an d th e P ri n c e o f the A sturi as

'’

, ,

—The i n trigu e s o f G o d o y P ri n c e o f the P e ac e —

,
D o n E sc o iq u iz pl an t o
‘ '
’

thw a rt th e m —The F r e nc h am b assa d o r and D o n E sc oiq u iz —N ap o l e o n s ‘

’

ru se —L e tt e r o f th e P ri n c e o f th e A sturi as t o N a p o l e o n—L e tt e r o f t he

P ri n c e o f th e P e a c e t o th e E m p e r o r —P r o vi s i o n s o f t h e tr e a ty o f
F o nt a in e ble au —P r oj e c t e d di sm e m b e rm e n t o f P o rtu gal —S e c r e t C o nv e n
ti o n a i m e d at S p ai n th o ugh o st e n sibl y at P o rt u gal —Th e F r e nc h tr 0 0 p s
, ,

in S p ai n—A rr e st o f th e P ri n c e o f th e A sturi a s—H e is p ut o n his tri a l

D e cl ar e d no t guilty — O c cu p a ti o n o f N a v a rr a C a t al o n i a an d G ui puz c o a
,

b y the F r e n c h —F e ar s o f th e P ri n c e o f th e P e a c e —P r oj e c t e d fl igh t o f
t he r o y a l fam ily— I n dign a ti o n o f th e p e o pl e — G e ne r a l di s c o n t e n t a g a i n s t
G o d o y P ri n c e o f th e P e a c e —The A r anj u e z ri o t s—P o pul ar h a tr e d
,

a g a i n st G o d o y L o y a lty
-
o f t h e p e o pl e t o w a rd s th e r o y a l fa m ily — A rr e s t
o f G o d o y —H e is pu t o n h is tri a l —A b di c a ti o n o f K i ng C h arl e s I V in .

fa v o ur o f F e rdi nan d P ri n c e o fth e A sturi as—A rri val o fF e rdi nan d V I I at

M a dri d —Th e G r an d D ue de B e r g ( M ur at ) an d K i ng F e rdi nan d —C h ang e
.
,

o f th e p e o pl e s di s p o siti o n t o w a rd s th e F r e n c h — N e g o ti a ti o ns b e tw e e n
’

D o n E sc o iq u iz an d t h e G r an d D u e de B e r g — M ur a t i nsi st s o n th e su s
’

p e nsi o n o f G o doy s tri al —M ur at d e m an d s the r e l e a se o f th e l att e r in

’
,

N ap o l e o n s nam e —F e rdi nan d V I I se n d s h is br o th e r D o n C arl o s t o

’
.

m e e t N a p o l e o n o n his w ay t o S p a i n—C h arl e s I V s pr o t e st —R e tr a ct s

’
.

h is a b dic a ti o n—D o n A n t o n i o a p p o i n t e d R e g e n t — F e rdi nan d V I I l e av e s .

M a drid o n h is w ay t o B a y o nne —F r e e fo r e ight h o ur s—L a scia te og ni

,

sp e ra nz a —A rriv al at B a y o nn e —F e rdi nan d a nd th e I n fa n t e A n t o n i o pr ae

ti c ally pri so ne r s—N ap o l e o n u nm ask s h is d e sig n s—O ffe r s t o Fe rdi nan d

t h e k i n gd o m o f E t ruri a in e xc h an g e fo r th e c e ssi o n o f th e right s o f t h e
l att e r t o the C r o wn o f S p ai n—R e fu sal o f F e rdi nand —N o bl e r e ply o f th e
,

M ar q ui s de Labr ad o r t o M de C h am p ag ny —N ap o l e o n and D o n
.

R 2
2 44 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

E sc m qu iz —I t l at e l—C h arl e s B a y o nne —F e rdi nan d s

’
is t o o IV . at re

nu nc iat io n o f th e c r o w n —M u r a t a pp o i n t e d li e u t e nant g e ne r al o f S p ai n -

-
Th e r o y al pri n c e s o f S p a i n at th e c h at e a u o f Va l e n ca y —P ri n c e
Tall e yr an d w e lc o m e s th e m — I na ptitu d e o f th e pri n c e s fo r stu dy
E v e ryd a y life at V ale nga y—Ta ll e yr an d su m m o ne d t o N a n t e s—N a p o
l e o n s blu st e r —S c ath i ng r e t o rt o f Tall e yr an d —R u p tur e b e tw e e n Napo
’

l e o n and Ta ll e yr and —Tall e yran d su m m o ne d t o E rfurt —Take s l e ave o f

h
t e S p an i s h pri n c e s— T h e ir gr a titu d e — By tne g ra ce of Go d—Th e
E m p e r o r o f R u ssi a r e c o g niz e s J o se p h B o n a p a rt e as K i n g o f S p a i n
T r e a ty o f V ale n gay—F a ilur e o f N a p o l e o n s d e sig n s o n S p ai n—Th e
’

r e sul t o f N ap o l e o n s thr e a t s aga i nst E ngl an d —Wan t o f dig nit y o f

’

F e rdi n an d V I I — H is r e tur n t o M a dri d —H is c ru e l pr o c e e di ng s t o w a rd s

.

h is fa ithful supp o rt e r s—E ngl an d s fa ul t in S p ai n

’
.

NA P O L E O N was at Fi nk e nst e i n and s aid o ne day in a ch e e rful 1

, ,

m o m e nt I k no w wh e n ne ce ss a ry ho w t o thro w o ff t he ski n
,
“
, ,

o f t he li o n a nd put o n th a t o f t he f
”
,
ox .

H e w as fo n d o f d e c e ivi ng and w o uld do so fo r t he m e r e l o v e ,

o f it a p a rt fr o m his p o licy his i n sti n ct w o uld h av e m a d e it a

,

ne c e ssity fo r him F o r t he c a rryi ng o u t o f t he pro j e cts which he

.

w a s a lw ays m e dit ati ng a rtific e w as no l e ss ne c e ss a ry th an fo rc e

, .

I t w as e sp e ci a lly in t he a cc o mplishm e nt o f his vi e ws o n S p a i n

th at he fe lt th at fo rc e a l o ne c o uld no t b e su ffici e nt .

N ap o l e o n s e a t e d o n o ne o f t he thro ne s o f the H o us e o f
,

B o urb o n c o nsid e re d t he pri nc e s who o ccupi e d the o th e r t wo as

, ,

his n tura l e ne mi e s wh o m it w as his i nt e re st t o o ve r t hro w

a , .

But it w as a n u nd e rt aki ng in which he c o uld no t fa il with o ut ,

rui ni ng his o w n d e sig ns and p e rh aps hims e lf as w e ll I t w as

, .

no t th e n t o b e e nt e r e d up o n with o ut b e i ng fully c e rt a i n o fsucc e ss

, .

The fi rst c o nditi o n t o s e cur e th a t succ e ss w as th at th e r e

sh o uld b e no o cc asi o n t o fe ar a dive rsi o n o n the C o nti ne nt .

A t t he e nd o f 1 80 7 N a p o l e o n w as m a st e r o f t he wh o l e o f
,

I t aly and o fth at p o rti o n o fG e rm a ny th at li e s b e tw e e n t he R hi ne

,
2

a nd t he Elb e H e had u nd e r t he na m e o f duchy o f W a rs aw

3
.
, ,

r e st o re d a p a rt o f anci e nt P o l a nd e xt e ndi ng fro m S il e si a t o the ,

1
He d qu art e rs o f the E m p e ro r N ap o l e o n duri ng the cam p ig n o f 1 80 7 in
a -
a ,

P o l nd
a .

2
Th tre aty f P r e sburg had giv e n V e nic e t o the ki ngd m o f I t aly
e o J o se ph o

r e igne d at N apl es Thus the P ap l S t t e s al ne w e re no t dire ctly d e p e nde nt n th

.

. a a o o e

e m pe r r
o
3 J e r m e B o n p rt e r e ig ne d in We stph li
o a a M ur t at B e rg The Ki ngs o f B av ari
a a a . a
‘

a nd W iirte m b e rg the Gr nd D uk e o f B ad e n and the o th e r pri nc e s o f t he R h e n ish

, a ,

C o nfe d e rati on w e re at the ti m e th o r o ughly d e v o t e d to F r anc e

, .
2 46 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

w o uld c o ns e qu e ntly fi nd th at he had i nj ure d o ne o f the cl e are st

i nt e re sts o f his p e o pl e .

H e must th e n e mpl o y all his art t o pr e v e nt this two fo ld d ang e r .

I f it we re p o ssibl e fo r him t o v e il t he o dium o f his u n d e rt a ki ng ,

k no wi ng the i ncli nati o n o f m e n to p a rd o n succ e ssful crim e s he ,

c o uld fl att e r hims e lf th at the impre ssi o n o f t he o ne he w as m e di

t ati ng w o uld be much w e a k e ne d if alre ady a cc o mplish e d wh e n ,

b e c o mi ng k no w n .

To c o nqu e r S p a i n with o ut striki ng a bl o w th e r e e xist e d but , ,

o ne m e ans it w as t o i ntro duc e u nd e r the sh ad o w o f fri e ndship

: , ,

su ffici e nt fo rc e s t o pre v e nt o r t o suppre ss e v e rywh e re wh at , ,

re sist anc e might b e o ffe re d H e must h ave a pre t e xt The .

.

re fus al o f P o rtug al t o bre a k o ff r e l ati o ns with E ngl and fur nish e d

it N ap o l e o n had b e e n c a re ful t o pre p are th a t pre t e xt at Tilsit
.

-
,

in his tr e aty o f a lli a nc e with R ussi a by stipul a ti ng th at sh o uld ,

P o rtuga l re m ai n at p e a c e with E ngl a nd it sh o uld b e tre at e d as ,

a n e ne my I nst e ad th e n o f d e cl a ri ng w ar a g a i nst S p a i n he
.
,

c o nclud e d a ne w a lli anc e with he r ag ai nst P o rtuga l A ft e r b e i ng .

1

c o nqu e re d a p o rti o n o f th at ki ngd o m was to b e a nne x e d by t he

,

S p a nish m o narchy a no th e r p o rti o n w as t o b e h and e d t o t he

,

I nfant a M a ri a L o uis a a nd t o he r so n as i nd e m nity fo r t he , ,

ki ngd o m o f Etruri a which ha d b e e n give n t o N ap o l e o n and the 2

,

re m a i nd e r w as t o fo rm a pri ncip a lity fo r t he Pri nc e o fthe P e a c e .

3

Th at w as t he b ait by m e ans o f which the e mp e ro r p e rsu ad e d th a t

,

trait o r to o bt ai n the sig nature o f his s o ve re ig n t o the tre aty .

The e mp e r o r had sp o k e n t o m e s e v e r a l tim e s o f his pr o j e ct

o f s e izi ng S p a i n I o pp o s e d this pl an with a ll my might
.
,

sh o wi ng t he imm o rality a nd t he d ange rs o f such an u nd e rt aki ng .

H e a lw ays a ll e ge d a s a n e xcus e t he d ang e r which a dive rsi o n , ,

o f t he S p a nish g o v e r nm e nt w o uld c a us e him if he sh o uld m e e t ,

with any r e ve rs e o n t he b anks o f the R hi ne o r in I t a ly a nd he ,

r ty o fF o nt ai ne bl e u O cto be r 2 7 1 807
1
T ea a , , .

2
re ty o f L né ill h d giv n t he Gr nd D uchy o fTusc ny t L o uis D uk
The T a u v e a e a a o e
Ki ng f S p i n in e xch ng e fo r his S t t s whi h
,

o fP r m aso n in l w o f C h rl e s I V
a, - -
a a .
, o a ,
a a e ,
c

w e re anne x e d to th ki ngd o m o f I taly Tusc any th e n t k th n m f Ki ngd o m o f

e .
~
oo e a e o

E truri K i ng L o uis dyi ng in 1 80 3 his so n L o uis I I w s pr o cl i m d u nd r the

a .
, , .
, a a e e

r ge ncy o fhis m th e r the I nf nt M ri Lo uis

e o The s e cre t tr e aty o f F o nt ine bl
a a a a a. a e au ,

O ct o b e r 1 80 7 disp o ss e ss e d the Ki ng o fE truri wh o s e S t t e s w re i nc rp r t d with

,

, ,
a, a e o o a e

th e F r e nch e m pir e I n c o m p e ns ati o n h w

. pro m is d the futur e ki ngd o m o f L usi e as e

t ni which w s to b e cr t e d t the e xp e ns e f P o rtugal

a a, a ea a o .

3 M nu l G d o y b o r n 1 6
a e 7 7 di e d 1 8 5 1
o F r m si m pl e b dy gu rd he r o s to the o o a e
-
,

p o st o f P rim e M i nist r W c re t e d D uk e o f A lcudi a nd P ri nc of th P c ft r

.
, ,

e . as a a e e ea e a e

t h sig natur o f the P e ac e o f B se l

e e Tr n l t r ) a . a s a o .
 S P A N I S H A FFA I R S . 24 7

qu o t e d t o m e the u nfo rtu nat e pro cl a m ati o n o f the Pri nc e o f

t he P e a c e o n t he o cc asi o n o f t he b attl e o f J e na I had o ft e n .

re fut e d th at o bj e cti o n re mi ndi ng him th at it wo uld be v e ry u n

,

j ust t o h o ld t he S p anish nati o n re sp o nsibl e fo r the fault o f a

m a n wh o m it d e t e st e d and d e spis e d and th at it w o uld b e e a si e r ,

fo r him t o o v e rthr o w t he Pri n c e o f t he P e a c e th a n t o s e iz e S p a i n .

But he re pli e d t o m e th at the id e a o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e

might b e ad o pt e d by o th e rs a nd th a t he wo uld ne ve r b e s a fe o n
,
‘

t he Pyre ne a n fro nti e r I t w as th e n th a t driv e n i nt o a c o r ne r by

.
,

t he a rtful a rgum e nts o f his a mbiti o n I pr o p o s e d t o him a ,

pl an which pre s e nt e d t he gu arant e e s o f s e curity which he w as

pre t e ndi ng t o l o o k fo r in S p a i n I a dvis e d him t o o ccupy .

Ca t a l o ni a u ntil he sh o uld o bt a i n m a ritim e p e ac e with E ngl and .

Y o u will d e cl a r e s aid I t o him th at yo u will k e e p th at

” “
, ,

pl e dge u ntil the p e a c e and by so d o i ng yo u will h o ld t he

,

S p anish go ve r nm e nt in ch e ck I f p e a c e sh o uld b e d e fe rr e d
.

it is p o ssibl e th at C at a l o ni a which is the l e a st S p a nish o f a ll the

,

pro vi nc e s o f S p a i n might b e co m e a tt a ch e d t o Franc e ; th e re

,

a re histo ric a l tra diti o ns fo r th at ; a nd p e rh aps it might b e

c o m e d e fi nit e ly u nit e d with Fra nc e But a nythi ng furthe r th at .

yo u may do will o ne day c aus e yo u bitt e r r e gr e ts I did no t .

c o nvi nc e him a nd he mistrust e d m e o n this m att e r

, .

A s I h av e j ust s a id he t e mpt e d t he cupidity and a mbiti o n o f

,

t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e by a tr e aty r e l ativ e t o a dism e mb e rm e nt

o f P o rtug a l .

Th a t tre aty w as ne go ti at e d s e cre tly and sig ne d o n the 2 7 th

o f O ct o b e r , 1 80 7 a t F o nt a ine b le a u
,
by G e ne ra l Duro c a nd , ,

C o u ncill o r I zqui e rd o ( c o n fi d e nti a l ag e nt o f t he ; Pri nc e o f t he

,
1

P e ac e ) u nk no w n t o M de C h a mp ag ny F o r e ig n Mi nist e r and a ls o
, .
, ,

u nk no wn t o m e a lth o ugh at th a t tim e I w as chi e f Co u ncill o r o f

,

S t at e and w as re sidi ng at F o nt aine b le a u

,
2
.

A s a r e sult o f t he tr e aty o f F o nt aine b le au a n a rmy o f

Fre nchm e n was t o cro ss S p ai n t o u nit e with a S p anish a rmy in
t he c o nqu e st o f P o rtug a l A s e c o nd a rmy o f
. m e n was t o
b e a ss e mbl e d o n t he Pyre ne an fr o nti e r in o rd e r t o b e r e ady in c a s e
1
ug i zqui rdo d R ib e r y L e z u n b o rn at S rago ss w a s e cr t
D on E e n o I e e a a a a, s a e

S p ish dipl cy whe n in 1 79 7 he b t ine d thanks t the pr t cti n f

,

ag t en of an om a , , , o a ,
o o e o o

G d y p siti
o o , the o rivy C u ncill o r H e co nducte d s v r l c nfide nti l m issi ns
on o fP o . e e a o a o ,

pr cip lly u d r
in a ir ct ry nd l t r in 1 80 7 H e die d in 1 8 1 3
n e the D e o a a e

pr r g tive s o f the C hi e f C u ncill o r o f S tate was to sign ll tre ati e s

, . .

2
O ne o f the e o a o a .
2 48 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N C E TA L L E YR A N D .

o f ne e d ssist t he fi rst wh ich w as c o mm a nd e d by M arsh a l

to a ,

J u no t This s e c o nd army cro ss e d t he fro nti e r u nd e r va ri o us

.

pre t e xts a nd o ccupi e d fo rtre ss e s in t he no rth o f S p a i n a nd in

, ,

C a t a l o ni a I t w as t o t a k e a s o lid fo o ti ng in t he c o u ntry whic h

.
,

w as m o r e o v e r t o t a lly with o ut a n a rmy t he o nly r e a lly g o o d ,

tro o ps h avi ng b e e n s e nt t o s e rve with the Fre nch Th e s e tro o ps .

must e ri ng m e n c o mm a nd e d by t he M a rquis de L a ,

R o m na had b e e n s e nt t o t he b o rd e rs o f D e nm a rk
a , N ap o l e o n .
,

as o ne m ay se e h ad t a k e n e v e ry pr e c a uti o n
1
, .

The o n ly thi ng th at N ap o l e o n might still h av e t o fe a r w as ,

th at the ki ng a nd his family t a ki ng a l a rm sh o uld re tire i nto a , ,

dist ant pro vi nc e a nd give fro m th e re t he sig na l fo r re sist anc e

, ,

o r th a t th e y sh o uld cr o ss t he se a .

I am no w g o i ng t o r e l at e by wh a t sh a m e ful ru ses N ap o l e o n
c o mp e ll e d t he wh o l e o f this u nfo rtu nat e fa mily t o d e liv e r its e lf
i nt o his h a nds .

I n t he m o nth o f M a rch; 1 80 7 t he Pri nc e o ft he A sturi a s w ho , ,

w as in s e cr e t c o rr e sp o nd e nc e with D o n J u an de E sc o fq u iz 2
’

A rchd e ac o n and C ano n o f T o l e d o his fo rm e r tut o r s e nt t o , ,

him at T o l e d o wh e re he live d a privat e c o nfid a nt o f his na m e d

, , ,

D o n J o sé M au rriq ue The pri n c e ha d giv e n him a l e tt e r which .

w as t o b e h and e d t o D o n E sc o iq u i H e sp o k e th e re i n o f his
‘

z .

suspici o ns as t o the a mbiti o us i nt e nt i o ns o f t he Pri nc e o f t he

P e a c e who o bt a i ni ng e ve ry day fro m t he ki ng o r t he qu e e n s o m e
, ,

fav o ur o r o th e r w as b e c o mi ng m o r e p o we rful H e c o mm and e d

, .
,

with t he titl e o f ge ne ra lissim o a nd a dmira l a ll t he a rmy t he , ,

militi a a nd t he navy it w as a lre ady anno u nc e d th at the Ki ng

, ,

C h arl es I V tir e d o f st at e a ffa irs a nd o ft e n ill had l e ft t o him

.
, , ,

1
In p o l e o n wishi ng to pu nish the M adrid c abi ne t fo r th h stil e
1 80 7, Na ,
e o

d e m o nstr ti o n which it h d m de t th ti m o f th e rupture with P russi ( pro cl am

a a a a e e a a

ti n o fthe P ri nc e fthe P e ace ) nd t w k e n the S p anish rm y re quire d th d e sp tch

o o ,
a o ea a , e a

o fa b o dy o f m e n d e sti ne d to s e rv e in the n rth f E ur o p

,
The M rquis de o o e . a

l R o m n li e ut e n nt g ne r l c o m m nd e d it
a a a, a -
H e w qu rt r e d in F i ni wh n the
e a ,
a . as a e o a e

n w s o f th e v nts o f 1 80 8 arriv d
e e e L R o m na nt e r d t n c e i nt o n g o ti ti ns e . a a e e a o e a o

with the E nglish fl e t which w cruisi ng in the ffi ng nd h d his tr ps e m b rk e d

e as o a a oo a

nsp o rt e d t o S p i n
, ,

a nd t ra La R om n t th e ir h
a d fo ught e n rg e tic lly gai nst the a a a ea e a a

H e w s m e m be r f th S upr m e J u nt wh n h di d ( 1 8 1
.

F r e nch a a o e e a e e e

D o n J u n de E scoiq i b o rn in 1 76 2 c n n at S r g o ss
.

2
w n m i nat e d by the
'

a u z, a o a a a, as o

P ri nc e o f the P c e tut o r o fthe P ri nc e o f A sturi s v e r wh m b e x rcis d th gre t e st

,

ea a , o o e e e e a

i nflu e nc H e b c am e Privy C o uncill o r in 1 808 H fo ll o w e d th pri nc e to V l ncay

e. e . e e a e ,

w as i m pris o ne d t B urge s re turne d to M adrid in 1 8 1 4 was app o i nt e d m i nist e r but

a o , , ,

did no t e x e rcis e any furth e r p litic l i nfl ue nce o a .

 25 0 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

s e e i ng th a t all m e ans o f ge tti ng the ki ng a nd qu e e n to k no w

t he truth w e r e fa ili ng and th a t t he pr o p o siti o n o f t he m a rri ag e
,

with D o na M ari a Th e re s a had fa ll e n thro ugh fanci e d th at a ,

fo re ig n and p o w e rful i nt e re st w o uld a l o ne affo rd re al supp o rt t o

t he pri nc e in t he critic a l p o siti o n in which he fo u nd hims e lf
, ,

a nd it o ccurr e d t o him t o m a rry t he l att e r with o ne o f t he

d aught e rs o f N apo l e o n s family ’
1
.

A t this tim e a m a rri ag e with a ni e c e o f N ap o l e o n s e e m e d

lik e ly t o e nsure t o t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s t he sh ak e n thro ne o f
S p a i n a nd t o put this b e a uti fu l and no bl e c o u ntry b e y o nd t he
,

re ach o f divisi o ns This r e sult w as t o b e pre fe rre d to th at which

.

u ne xp e ct e d e ve nts s o o n bro ught ab o ut .

D o n E sc o iqu iz th o ught m o r e e v e ry day o f t he pl an which he

‘

had a d o pt e d R um o urs disqui e ti ng t o t he r o y a l fa mily a ssum e d

.

e v e ry day m o r e c o nsist e n cy a n d w e r e spr e a d a m o n g a ll cl ass e s , .

N o t b e i ng abl e no w t o b e a r t he id e a o f b e i ng so far fro m his fo rm e r

pupil he wish e d t o b e nea re r t he c e ntre o f a ffairs and we nt t o
,

M adrid Th e re he m ad e t he a cqu ai nt a nc e o f t he Co u nt d O rgaz a

.
’

l o ya l S p a ni a rd p articul a rly att a ch e d t o t he Pri nc e o ft he A sturi a s

, .

H e sp o k e t o him o f his fe ars and his pr o j e cts I n o ne o f th e ir

“

c o nve rs ati o ns C o u nt d O rgaz t o ld him th at D o n Di eg o G o d o y ’

bro th e r o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e w as distributi ng m o ne y t o t he ,

M adrid g rris o n a nd by this m e a ns had s e cur e d t he supp o rt o f

a , ,

a l a rg e n umb e r o ft h e sub a lt e r n o f
fi c e rs a c o l o ne l o ft he dr ago o n s ,

D o ri Th o m a s J aure gui w ho w a s in t he g a rris o n k e pt him a c ,

q u aint e d with all t he a tt e mpts which w e r e b e i ng m ad e t o c o rrupt

t he tro o ps Th e re w as no t o ne o ffic e r o f no t e t o wh o m a n ag e nt
.

o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e h ad no t s a id Y o u se e t he wre tch e d ,

st at e o f S p ain t he B o urb o n dy na sty is a bs o lut e ly o n the d e cli ne

,

t he ki ng is o n t h e p o i nt o f d e a th ; t he pri nc e is a n imb e cil e ;

m e asure s must b e t ak e n yo u a re a g o o d S p ani a rd w e c o u nt o n ,

A th o us an d pr o p o siti o ns o f this s o rt w e r e o p e nly m a d e

”
yo u .
,

a nd by m e n w ho i n spir e d c o n fid e n c e o n a cc o u nt o f th e ir r e pu

t a t io n a nd t he p o siti o ns th e y o ccupi e d
, D o n Luis V igu ri a n .
,

1
T his proj e ct h d fo m o m e nt s o m e c o nsist ncy N p o l e n b e i ng s o unde d o n
a r a e . a o
t he m a tt e r ha d app re d t r e ply f vo urably ( l tt r o f th E m p r r to the P ri nce
ea o a e e e e o

o f th e A sturi as A pril 1 6 1 808 C e p nd n e o l xvi i ) A d ugh te r f Lucie n

, , , o rr s o e c ,
v . . a o
B n p rt e h d b e e n pr o p s e d but this pl n w s no t c a rri e d o u t
o a a a o I t is pro b bl e th t
,
a a . a a

t h e e m p e r o r ne v e r i nt e nd d th t it sh o uld b e e a .
 S P A NI S H A F FA I R S . 25 1

of fic e r in the c o mmiss ari at w ho ha d k e pt up r e l ati o ns with the

chi e f o ffic e rs w as o ne o f the m o st a ctive in th at re sp e ct I n the
,
.

sch o o ls in t he a c ad e mi e s in all public buildi ngs t he s a m e

, , ,

l a ngu age w as us e d A bbé S t ala libra ri a n o f S t I sidro had b e e n

.
, .
,

so imprud e nt e v e n a s t o sh o w t he d o cum e nts o f which t he

purp o rt w as t o m a k e cl e a r t o t he S p a nish nati o n th at in t he , ,

crisis which w as b e i ng pr e p are d th e re c o uld o nly b e s a fe ty ,

in pl a ci ng e ntir e c o nfid e nc e in t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e Don .

E sc o q u iz fe lt th a t th e r e w as no t a m o m e nt t o l o s e a nd th t
''

i ,
a

a ll t he fri e nds o f t he thr o ne must u nit e a n d fo rm a l e agu e f or

its d e fe nc e With this a im he ask e d t he Pri nc e o f the A sturi a s

.
,

fo r a cr e d e nti a l in o rd e r th at he c o uld e xpl a i n m a tt e rs c o n

fi de nt ially t o t he Duk e o f I nfa nt a d o a y o u ng m an o f no bl e ,

b irth o f a fi ne ch ara ct e r and pl e a si ng a nd c o mm andi ng a pp e a r

, ,

a nc e a nd st a ndi ng w e ll in public o pi n i o n With this l e tt e r writte n

,
.
,

by the pri nc e the c a no n s o ught t he Duk e o f I n fant ad o a nd

, ,
1

sp o k e t o him with the gre at est frank ne ss but th e ir pri ncipl e s no t ,

p e rmitti ng th e m t o ad o pt any m e asure which c o uld b e c o ntrary

t o t he fid e lity th e y o w e d t o t he ki ng th e y c o nfi ne d th e ms e lv e s t o ,

t aki ng m e a sure s o f pre c auti o n fo r the tim e wh e n the ki ng wh o s e ,

h e a lth w as d a ily ge tti ng we ak e r a nd we a k e r sh o uld die The ,

.

Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e h ad it in his p o w e r t o c o nc e a l fo r s o m e
m o m e nts t he d e at h o f the ki ng The distrust a nd the h atre d .
,

which he had skilfully i nspire d in t he qu e e n fo r he r so n ,

e na bl e d him t o surr o u nd a nd fi ll t he c a stl e with d e v o t e d tr o o ps .

S upp o rt e d by e tiqu e tt e he c o uld a nd th a t w as his i nt e nti o n h av e

, , ,

bro ught the Pri nc e o f the A sturi a s t o t he b e dsid e o f t he ki ng who ,

wo uld b e supp o s e d t o b e still a live ; th e r e t o s e iz e him and a ll ,

t he r o y a l fa mily a nd m a k e th e m sig n by fo rc e a ll t he ne c e ss a ry
, ,

o rd e rs t o pl ac e t he a uth o rity in his h ands d e t e rmi ni ng aft e r ,

w a rds wh at sh o uld b e d o ne with the pri nc e s .

The Duk e o f I nfant a d o a nd D o n E sc o qu iz c o nsid e r e d th a t

'‘

t he o nly m e a ns o f pr e v e nti ng this o utr ag e w o uld b e t o h av e

1
The I nf nt ad o wa n nci nt m no r f C stil so nam e d b e c us e it h d f r m e rly
a s a a e a o a e, a a o

pp n g e o f th h irs pre su m ptive o f S p i n Th duk fwh o m m nti n

,

b e e n th e a a a e e a e e o e o

d h r b l o ng d to the S ilv f m ily w ho h d cquir d the duchy t w o

.

is ma e e e, e e a a a a e

c nturi s b f re B o rn in 1 77 1 he b e c m e the fri nd o fthe P ri nc o fth A sturi s in

,

e e e o a e e e a

re c g niz e d t first Ki ng J s ph b t s n s p r t e d fr m h im nd t k
.
,

1 80 8 h e o a o e u oo e a a o a oo

c m m nd f S p nish rm y co ps P re sid e nt f the C u ncil o f C stil in 1 8 20

, ,

o a o a a a r . o o a e ,

h r tir d n 1 826
e e e nd di e d in 1 83 6
i , a .
252 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

an act giv e n b e fo re h and by t he ne w ki ng which w o u ld pl ac e ,

supre m e milit a ry c o mm and in t he h ands o f t he Duk e o f

I nfa nt a d o This ac t wo uld h av e a ls o put a ll t he auth o riti e s e ve n
.
,

t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e u nd e r his a bs o lut e c o mm a nd thr o ugh

, ,

o u t N e w C a stil e a nd e sp e ci a lly a t M a drid a nd in a ll t he r o y a l

, ,

re sid e nc e s With this o rd e r t he Duk e o f I nfant ad o at t he

.
, ,

fi rst ne ws he sh o uld h av e o f t he c o mi ng d e a th o f t he ki ng w as ,

t o pr e p a r e t he no tific a ti o n o f his p o w e rs t a k e t h e supr e m e c o m ,

m an d o f all t he milit a ry fo rc e s a pp e ar in t he t o wn a nd in t he , ,

r o y a l h o us e s in t he u nifo rm o f ge ne ralissim o a nd e ve n h ave ,

t he Pri n c e o f t he P e a c e a rr e st e d sh o uld he giv e sig ns o f t he l e as t

re stl e ss ne ss D o n E sc o iqu iz d re w up t he ac t in qu e sti o n and
.
‘

s e nt it to t he pri nce e xpl ai ni ng t o him t he o bj e ct o f t he m e a

,

sure ; he p e rsu a d e d him t o writ e it o u t with his o w n h a nd t o ,

sig n it a nd t o pl a c e o n it his s e a l The pri nc e c a rri e d 0 11 t a ll

, .
‘

th at w as sugg e st e d The a c t was h a nd e d t o t he Duk e o f

.

I nfa nt ad o who w as t o k e e p it c a r e fully till t he tim e wh e n he

,

sh o uld b e c all e d up o n t o m a k e u se o f it Thi s ac t re a d as .

fo ll o ws .

We , F e rdi nand VI I .
,
by t he grac e of G o d, Ki ng of

Ca stil e , & c
“
The L o rd h avi ng d e igne d t o t ak e t o H ims e lf o u r cl e a r and
w e ll b e l o v e d fath e r t he Ki ng C h a rl e s I V who m m ay Go d h ave
-
, .
,

in H is h o ly k e e pi ng and c o ns e qu e ntly h avi ng o urs e lv e s a sc e nd e d

,

t h e thr o ne o f S p a i n a s his na tur a l a nd l e gitim a t e h e ir k no wi ng

, ,

th at in t he fi rst m o m e nts o f susp e nsi o n o f a uth o rity which is ,

a n i ne vit abl e c o ns e qu e n c e o f t he d e ath o f ki ngs it m a

y h app e n ,

th a t th e re a re p e rs o ns who wish t o t a k e a dvant age o f it t o ,

disturb t he public p e a c e as t he public vo ic e s e e ms t o i ndic at e

,

a nd c o nsid e ri ng th a t t h e b e st m e a ns o f r e pr e ssi ng m a l e v o l e nc e

sh o uld it d a r e t o t a k e t he fo rm o f a ny proj e ct o f th a t s o rt is t o ,

put t he e ntire milit a ry fo rc e s which surro u nd us in t he h a nds o f

o ne wh o m w e c a n trust a nd w ho b e sid e s t a l e n t c o ur ge a nd
, , ,
a ,

no bl e birth e nj o ys public e st e e m ; fi ndi ng in yo u

,
Duk e o f ,

I nfa nt ado my c o usi n all th e s e qu a liti e s u nit e d we h ave

, , ,

c o nsid e re d it o u r duty t o c o nfe r o n yo u a s w e do by this ,

d e cre e t he supre m e c o mm and o f t he e ntire milit ary fo rc e s in

,

N e w Ca stil e a nd in a ll t he r o y a l re sid e n c e s i nfantry c av a lry

, , , ,

a rt ill e ry militi a & c with o ut a ny e xc e pti o n no t e ve n t he

, , .
, ,

b o dy gu a rd a nd t he tr0 0 ps which c o mp o s e o u r R o y al Gu a rd
-
,

no r th o s e which fo rm t he gu a rd o f t he g e ne r a lissim o in o rd e r
'

,
25 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

i nt e nd e d d e live re d i nt o the h ands o f his R o ya l H igh ne ss

to be ,

a nd w as writt e n by a n i ndividu a l who s aid h e b e l o nge d t o ,

t he Fr e nch L e g ati o n The c o nt e nts anno u nc e d a v e ry s e cr e t

.

c o mmu nic ati o n which M de B e auh ar nais the a mb ass ad o r o f

, .
,
1

Franc e d e sire d t o m ak e t o his R o ya l H igh ne ss D o n E sc o iq ui

, .
'

z,

c o nsult e d by t he pri nce in o rd e r to k no w wh at he sh o uld answe r

, ,

t o ld him to say t o t he p e rs o ns w ho had giv e n him the l e tt e r th a t ,

he did no t i nt e rfe re in any m att e r a nd did no t m a k e any priv at e ,

a pp o i ntm e nts H e o ffe r e d t he pri nc e t o fi nd o u t e x a ctly if this

.

m e ss age w as r e a lly fro m t he a mb a ss ad o r o f Franc e o r no t .

To b e c e rt a i n o n this p o i nt might b e v e ry us e ful b e c aus e if t he , ,

m e ss age w e re fa ls e t he a im o f it c o uld o nly b e t o lay a trap fo r

,

his R o ya l H igh ne ss which it w as imp o rt a nt t o fi nd o ut ; a nd th a t

,

if it we re tru e it w as o f t he gre a t e st c o ns e qu e nc e fo r the

,

i nt e re sts o f t he pri nc e no t t o l o s e t he o pp o rtu nity o f b e c o mi ng

a cqu a i nt e d with t he i nt e nti o ns o f N ap o l e o n b o th as r e g a rds t he ,

p o siti o n o fthe Pri nc e o ft he P e ac e t o the e mp e ro r which w as no t ,

su ffici e ntly k no wn a s w e ll as the m a rri ag e o f t he Pri nc e o f the

,

A sturi as with o ne o f t he ni e c e s o f N a p o l e o n a subj e ct o n which ,

v agu e rum o urs we r e a lre ady in circul ati o n The r e ply o f D o n .

E sc o iq u iz sh o w e d t he u tility a s w e ll as t he s e curity which t he

’

supp o rt o f N ap o l e o n w o uld give t o t he pri nc e i f this m arri age ,

sh o uld suit his a mbiti o n o r his v anity .

To this l e tt e r which o wi ng t o subs e qu e nt circumst anc e s

, , ,

furnish e d d o cum e nt ary e vid e nc e at the Escuri a l tri a l the Pri nc e o f ,

t he A sturi a s r e pli e d givi ng his u nr e s e rv e d a ppr o v al

,
Th e re up o n .

D o n E sc o q u iz saw t he Duk e o f I nfant ad o a nd a ft e r h avi ng

‘ ’

i , ,

t o ld him o f this ne w i ntrigu e a sk e d him fo r a n i ntro ducti o n , ,

u nd e r s o m e pl ausibl e pre t e xt t o t he a mb ass ad o r o f Franc e , ,

t o wh o m he w as no t k no w n Th e y ch o s e as the pre t e xt fo r t he .

i ntro ducti o n to the a mb a ss ad o r w ho w a s c o nsid e re d in S p a i n , , ,

t o b e fo nd o f lit e r a tur e t he pr e s e nt ati o n t o him o f a w o rk

,

e ntitl e d Tn Conqu est f M ex ico an e pic p o e m writt e n by o ,

D o n E sc o q u iz The a mb ass a d o r with o ut sh o wi ng a ny surpris e

‘ ‘

i .
,

1
F r c is M rquis d B uh r is br th r i l w
an o a e f th E m pr ss J s phi
ea a na o e -
h -
a o e e o e ne .

B r i 7 5 6 h w d puty fr m S l g
, ,

o n n 1 , e as m igr t d i
e 79 d s rv d
o o o ne e a e n 1 2, an e e in

the a m r y o f C o ndé ; re turni ng t F ranc e in 1 800 he w s no m i n t e d am b ss d r

o ,
a a a a o

at th e c o urt o f the Ki ng o f E truri in 1 805 ; th e n t M drid H e w as r e c l le d

a a a . a

in 1 808 and e xil e d to

,
S o l og ne P e e r o f F r nce u nde r the R sto rat i o n he d i e d
. a e ,

in 1 82 3 .
 S P A NI S H A FF A I R S . 25 5

at his supp o s e d lit e ra ry re put ati o n re pli e d t o t he Duk e th at

he r e c e iv e d t he b o o k a nd t he a uth o r with pl e a sur e A ft e r .

a f e w w o rds a b o ut t he c o n qu e st o f M e xic o a nd a f e w qu e sti o ns ,

o r r e m a rks which dre w gradu a lly ne are r the o bj e ct o f his

,

visit D o n E sc o iqu iz O p e ne d his mi nd t o t he a mb a ss a d o r o n

,
'’

t he subj e ct o f t he m e ss a g e which w as a ttribut e d t o him a nd ,

o f t he wish o f t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s t o k no w t he truth .

M de B e auh a r nais displ aye d s o m e e mb a rrassm e nt e vad e d

.
,

t he subj e ct o f t he m e ss ag e c o nfi n i ng hims e lf t o s ayi ng th a t

,

such a st e p o n his p art w o uld no t b e b e c o mi ng t o wards t he h e ir

t o t he thro ne a ddi ng imm e di a t e ly th a t his re sp e ct fo r t he
, ,

Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s w as such th at he w o uld b e d e light e d t o

h ave privat e o pp o rtu niti e s o f p ayi ng his c o urt t o his R o ya l
H igh ne ss D o n E sc o q u i cl e a rly saw th at t he a mb a ss ad o r
''

. i z

a dmitt e d m o r e th a n he d e n i e d Emb o ld e ne d by t he i nd e cisi o n

.

o f M de . B e auh ar nais he e xpl ai ne d in a m anne r m o re pre cis e ,

a nd le d t he a mb a ss a d o r t o say th a t a l e tt e r fr o m t he pri nc e in,

his h a nds w o uld give him su ffici e nt c o nfi d e nce t o sp e a k with

him ( E sc o iqu iz ) o f m att e rs o f t he gre ate st i nte re st t o his R o ya l
‘

H igh ne ss To which D o n E sco iq u i re pli e d l aughi ng th a t it

‘

. z

a pp e ar e d t o him th a t skilful dipl o m ats lik e d t o b e abl e t o d e ny

m e ss age s but th at a sig n agre e d up o n b e fo re h and c o uld pro duc e

,

t he s a m e e ffe cts a nd give t he s a m e a m o u nt o f c o nfid e nc e

,
It .

w a s th e n d e cid e d b e twe e n th e m th at as t he c o urt w as c o mi ng t o

M a drid in tw o o r thre e d ays the a mb ass ad o r sh o uld pre s e nt ,

hims e lf acc o rdi ng t o cust o m at t he h e a d o f t he dipl o m atic c o rps

, , ,

t o his R o y a l H igh ne ss and th at th e r e t he pri n c e sh o uld ask him

,

if he had b e e n t o N a pl e s th at o n l e avi ng t he a mb ass ad o r a nd ,

p assi ng t o ano the r fo re ig n mi nist e r he sh o uld draw his h and ,

k e rchi e f fro m his p o ck e t a nd k e e p it in his hand fo r a m o m e nt

,
.

O n t he I st J uly the a mb ass ad o rs a tt e nd e d a pr e s e nt ati o n t o

,

t he pri nc e s a nd his R o y a l H igh ne ss m a d e t he sig n agre e d up o n

, .

Tw o d ays l at e r D o n E sc o iq u iz i nfo rm e d o f wh a t had t ak e n

'

, ,

pl a c e w e nt t o the a mbass ad o r o f France fro m wh o m he

, ,

r e c e ive d m o st p o sitive a ssura nc e s o f t he a ffe cti o n whi ch N ap o

l e o n e nt e rt ai ne d fo r t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi as o f the i ncli nati o n ,

which he had t o favo ur him in e ve ry w ay he c o uld and at t he ,

s a m e tim e o f the sm all e st e e m in which he h e ld t he Pri nc e

256 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

of t heP e ac e V agu e as th e s e assura nc e s w e re D o n E sc o fq uiz

.
,
‘

s o m e wh a t e l at e d at t he ne w p a rt he w as pl ayi ng a nd a nxi o us ,

o n a cc o u nt o f t h e p o siti o n o f t he pri nc e e xpl o d e d t he qu e sti o n ,

o f m a rri ag e a nd e v e n w e nt so f
,
a r a s t o say th a t t he pri nc e l e ft

t o N a p o l e o n t he ch o ic e o f th a t ni e c e o f his wh o m he sh o uld
thi nk fit t o give him S e cre cy w as re c o mm e nd e d o n b o th sid e s
. .

M de B e auh a rna is wro t e at o nce to P a ris and a sk e d fo r the

.
,

ne c e ss a ry a uth o riz ati o ns t o ne g o ti at e with t he ki ng C h a rl e s I V , .

,

in o rd e r t o pr e v e nt t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s b e i ng c o m
pro mis e d in the e ye s o f his fath e r .

The vigil ant w a tch k e pt by t he Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e o v e r all

t ha t c o nc e r ne d t he Fre nch Emb assy had d e t e rmi ne d M de , .

B e auh a r na is a nd D o n E sco iqu i t o s e l e ct fo r the ir fi rst i nt e r

‘

vi e w a re tire d sp o t in t he ga rd e n o f t he R e t iro Twe nty

'

d ays had e l aps e d wh e n D o n E sco iq u i r e c e ive d no tic e t o b e at '

t he sp o t agr e e d up o n a t t w o o cl o ck in t he a ft e rno o n wh e n t he
’

xc e ssive h e a t wo uld drive e ve ry o ne fr o m the pr o m e nad e The

'

e .

re ply which the a mb ass ad o r had re c e ive d w as rath e r i nsig nific ant , ,

a nd did no t a llud e t o t he pr o p o siti o n o f m a rri ag e M de B e au . .

h a rna is attribut e d this sil e nc e t o t he fact th at the re was no thi ng

o ffici a lly writt e n o n t he p a rt o f t he pri nc e a nd he a dvis e d ,

D o n E sco iq u iz t o ge t H is R o y a l H igh ne ss t o writ e dir e ct

'

t o N ap o l e o n D o n E sco iq u iz th o ught this st e p lik e ly t o c a us

'

. e

t o o m a ny di f fi culti e s fo r him t o d are t o pro p o s e it ; a nd he

p e rsu ad e d o n his p a rt t he a mb a ss ad o r t o p o i nt o u t in his ne xt
, ,

d e sp atch th a t the p o siti o n o f t he pri nc e did no t admit o f such a

,

d e lic at e st e p b e i ng t ak e n u ntil a ffairs w e re in a m o re a dva nc e d

,

st age I t m ay b e d o ubt e d o wi ng to the vagu e l angu ag e o f M

.
, .

de B e auh a r nais wh e th e r he had p o sitiv e i nstructi o ns but e ith e r

,

t o s e rv e t he i nt e r e sts o ft he B e a uh a r na is o r th a t o ft he B o na p a rt e s 1

he e nt e r e d i nt o a n i ntrigu e with t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi as which ,

i ntrigu e c o uld o nly s e rve the vi e ws o f t he e mp e ro r H o w e ve r .

it m ay b e M de B e auh a r na is pro mis e d t o writ e ag ai n and t o

,
.
,

s e nd to D o n E sc o iqu iz who was o blige d t o re turn t o T o l e d o the

, ,

a n sw e r o f N ap o l e o n .

1
Th B uh r is wish d th P ri c f th A sturi s t m rry
e ea a na e e i c f th
n e o e a o a a n e e o e

E m pr ss J s phi whil th B p rt s wish d him t m rry d ught r f

purp o s e —( P rince
e o e ne , e e o na a e e o a a a e o

L uci e n. The em p e ro r ly wi sh e d wh at w o uld s e rve

on his Ta lley
ra nd ) .
25 8 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

b o th nati o ns b e c o m e cl o s e r e ve ry day by m e ans o f a m arri age

, ,

which w o uld u nit e m e t o a Pri nc e ss o f y o ur M j e sty s fa mily a

’

But circumst a nc e s h av e o blig e d m e to b e sil e nt a nd it is ,

o nly in c o ns e qu e nc e o f t he e xpl a na ti o n s o f M de B e a uh a r na is .

a nd o f t he i n fo rm a ti o n which h e h as giv e n m e as t o t he wish e s

o f y o ur I mp e ri a l M aj e sty th a t I h a v e r e s o lv e d t o sp e a k , .

I fe a r th at this st e p so i n no c e nt in t he t e rms in which I

“
,

m ak e it a nd in the p o siti o n L a m in might b e c o nsid e re d as a

, ,

crim e sh o uld it b e disc o ve re d .

Yo ur I mp e ri al and R o ya l M aj e sty k no ws much b e tt e r th an

I th a t t he b st ki ngs a re t he m o st e xp o s e d t o b e c o m e victims
,
e

o f t he art ifi c e s o ft he a mbiti o us a nd i ntrigui ng m e n who surr o u nd

th e m O ur c o urt is no t fre e fro m such m e n and t he b e ne vo l e nc e

.
,

a nd upright ne ss o f my d e a r p a r e n ts e xp o s e th e m t he m o r e t o

b e t he victims o f th e ir u nl o y a l pl o ts I fe a r th e n th at th o s e .
,

m e n m ay h ave o bt a i ne d th e ir c o ns e nt t o s o m e o th e r pr o j e ct e d
m arri ag e fo r m e m o re suitabl e to th e ir o w n i nt e re sts a nd I t ak e
, ,

t he lib e rty o f a ski ng y o ur M aj e sty t o o p e n t he e y e s o f my d e a r

p a re nts a nd t o ge t th e m to a d o pt t he a lli ance which I be g to
,

ask o f yo u .

l st i ntim ati o n o n t he p art o f y o ur M aj e sty will su ffi c e

The e a
t o rui pro sp e cts a nd t o d e stro y a ll t he proj e cts o f th o s e
n a ll t he ,

s e lfish and m alici o us m e n re g a rdi ng th e ir M aj e sti e s my a ugust , ,

p a re nts w ho l o ve y o ur M aj e sty so si nc e re ly
,
.

A s fo r mys e lf full o f re sp e ct a nd fili a l o b e di e nc e t o wa rds

,

th e ir M aj e sti e s I c an o nly pl ay a p assive p a rt in this m a tt e r a nd

, ,

this will b e t o r e fus e any alli anc e which sh a ll no t h ave t he appro va l

’

o f y o ur M aj e sty a nd I sh a ll e xp e ct fr o m y o ur ki n d o f
, fic e s the ,

h appi ne ss o f my d e a r p are nts th at o f my c o u ntry and my , ,

o wn by t he m arri age with the pri nc e ss wh o m I h o p e to re c e ive

,

fro m th e ir h ands and fro m th o s e o f y o ur I mp e ri a l a nd R o y a l

,

M aj e sty
I am , &c .
,

( S ig ne d ) F E R D I N A N D P R I NC E ,
o r TH E A S TU R I AS .

ThePri nc e o f t he P e ac e was i nfo rm e d by t he spi e s who m he

had in t he h o us e o f M de B e auh a r nais o f wh a t w as go i ng o n .
, ,

a nd he imm e di a t e ly go t t he ki ng t o writ e a l e tt e r which his ,

a mb a ss a d o r Pri nc e M a ss e ra no had o rd e rs to c arry imm e 1

, ,

diat e ly t o N a p o l e o n wh e r e ve r he might be This l e tt e r re ach e d

, .

1
C arl o rr r
F e e o F ie schi, P -
ri nc e M asse r no c apt i n o f the b o dy gu ards o f
a , a -

C h arl b s d r
es I I I , a m a sa o at P a ris in 1 805 and gr and mast e r o f c e re m o ni e s o f Ki ng
J s ph
.
,

o e . H e d e in 1 83 7 i d .
 S P A NI S H A FFA I R S . 25 9

t he mp e r o r thre e d ays b e fo re he re c e iv e d th at o f M de B e au
e .

h arnais at Fo nt ai ne bl e au .

The Ki ng o f S p ai n c o mpl ai ne d v e ry str o ngly t o N ap o l e o n

o f his b e i ng in s e cre t c o m mu nic ati o n with his so n and he ,

sp o k e o f t he l e tt e r which no d o ubt N ap o l e o n had re c e ive d fro m

,

t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi as .

F o r s o m e w e e ks affairs in S p ai n r e m ai ne d in susp e ns e ;
,

a nd sudd e nly th e y a ssum e d a ne w a sp e ct o wi ng t o t he u nf o re ,

s e e n arriva l o f the Fre nch army in s e ve ra l pro vi nc e s o f the

ki ngd o m The app are nt o bj e ct o f this si ngul a r a rrange m e nt
.

w as as o ne has s e e n a b o ve t o o blig e t he c o urt o f P o rtug a l t o

, ,

s e p arat e its c aus e fro m th at o f E ngl and I t was in c o ns e qu e nc e .

o f t he c ommu nic ati o ns m a d e by t he Pri nce o f t he A sturi a s a nd o f ,

t he c o mpl a i nts m a d e ag ai nst him by his fath e r t o N ap o l e o n ,

that the l atte r p artly by thre ats and p artly by pro mis e s i nduc e d
, , ,

t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e t o c o ns e nt t o t he stipul ati o ns o f t he

t w o tre a ti e s o f t he 2 7 th O ct o b e r 1 80 7 which we c o nsid e r it o u r , ,

duty t o i ns e rt h e re o n a cc o u nt o f th e ir imp o rt anc e in t he

,

qu e sti o n u nd e r c o nsid e rati o n W e h ave a lre ady s a id th at th e s e .

tre ati e s had b e e n ne go ti at e d at Fo nt ai ne bl e au with the utm o st

s e cre cy by D o n I zqui e rd o the s e cre t age nt o f the Pri nc e o f the
, ,

P e ace and M arsh al Duro c th at is to say in re ality N ap o l e o n

, , , ,

hims e l f The tre aty ran thus

.

H is M aj e sty t he Emp e r o r o f t he Fr e nch , Ki ng o fI t a ly , & c .

a nd H is C a th o lic M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f S p a i n, b e i ng sp o nt a ne o usly

d e siro us t o re gul at e t he i nt e re sts o f t he t w o S tat e s and to ,

d e t e rmi ne t he futur e c o nditi o n o f P o rtugal in a m anne r c o n

fo rm abl e t o the p o licy o f t he t w o nati o ns h a ve app o i nt e d fo r th e ir ,

mi nist e rs pl e nip o t e nti a ry na m e ly H is M aj e sty the Emp e ro r o f

, :

t he Fr e nch G e ne r a l o f Divisi o n Mich ae l Duro c Gr and M arsh a l

, ,

o f t he P a l a c e & c a nd H is C ath o lic M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f S p a i n

, .
, ,

D o n Eug e ne I zqui e rd o de R ib e r a y L e z a u n his h o no ra ry Co u n ,

c illo r o f S t a t e &c w ho a ft e r h avi ng e xch ang e d th e ir full

, .
,

p o we rs h ave agre e d up o n wh at fo ll o ws
A rt I —
,

The pr o vi nc e s lyi ng b e tw e e n t he Mi nh o and t he

“
. .

Du e ro with t he city o f O p o rt o sh all b e give n in all pro p e rty and

,
1
,

s o ve re ig nty t o H is M aj e sty the Ki ng o f Etruri a u nd e r the titl e ,

o f Ki ng o f N o rth e r n Lusit a ni a .

1
T h t is
a to say the no rth e rn p art of Po rtugal ,
m n i u s the pro vi nce of ras o s
T -

m on t s e .
2 60 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

A rt The ki ngd o m o f A l e nt e j o a nd t he ki ngd o m o f t he

. 2 .
-

A lg rv e s , sh all b e giv e n in all pr o p e rty a nd s o v e r e ig nty t o t he

a
1

Pri nc e o f the Pe ac e , t o b e h e nc e fo rth k no w n u nd e r t he titl e

o f Pri n c e o f t he A lg a rv e s
—
.

A rt 3 The pr o vi n c e s o f B e ir a, Tra s o s m o nt e s a nd P o rtu

. .
- -

g u e se E st ra m a du ra ,
2
sh a ll r e m a i n in pl e dg e u n til t he g e ne r a l
p e a ce , wh e n it will be disp o s e d o f a cc o rdi ng t o circumst a nc e s ,

a nd in a m anne r which will th e n b e d e t e rmi ne d by t he high

c o ntracti ng p a rti e s
A rt 4 — The ki ngd o m o f N o rth e r n Lusit an i a sh a ll b e p o s
.

. .

s e ss e d by t he h e re dit a ry d e sc e nd a nts o f H is M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f

E t ruri a , c o nfo rm ably t o t he l aws o f succ e ssi o n a d o pt e d , by the
re ig ni ng fa mily o f H is M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f S p a i n
—
.

“
A rt 5 The pri n cip a li ty o f t he A lga rv e s sh a ll b e h e r e dit a ry
. .

with t he issu e o f t he Pri nc e o f the P e a c e c o nfo rm ably t o t he

l aws o f succ e ssi o n a d o pt e d by t he re ig ni ng fa mily o f H is
M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f S p a i n .

“
A rt 6 — I n d e fa ult o f a d e sc e nd ant o r l e gitim at e h e ir o f t he
. .

Ki ng o f N o rth e rn Lusit ani a, o r o f the Pri nc e o f t he A lg a rv e s ,

th e s e c o u ntri e s sh a ll b e give n by fo rm o f i nve stiture t o H is
M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f S p a i n, o n the c o nditi o n t h a t th e y sh a ll
ne v e r b e re u n it e d u nd e r o ne h e a d , no r re u nit e d t o t he cro w n
- -

o f S p ai n .

“
A rt 7 The kingd o m o f N o rth e r n Lusit an i a a nd t he pri n
. .
-

c ip alit y o f t he A lg a rv e s r e c o g niz e a ls o as pr o t e ct o r H is C a th o lic

M aj e sty the Ki ng o f S p a i n a nd t he s o ve re ig ns o f th e s e c o u ntri e s

,

sh a ll no t in any c as e , m a k e w ar o r p e a c e with o ut his c o ns e nt

—
.

A rt 8 .I n c a s e t he pro vi n c e s o f B e ir a, Tra s o s m o nt e s , a nd
.
- -

P o rtugu e s e E st ram adu ra, h e ld in pl e dg e , sh o uld b e , a t t he

g e ne ra l p e ace , re turne d t o the H o us e o f Braganz a in e xch ange
fo r Gibra lt a r , Tri nity a nd o th e r c o l o ni e s th a t t he E nglish h av e
a cquir e d fr o m t he S p a n ish a nd th e ir a lli e s , t he ne w s o v e r e ig n o f

th e s e pro vi nce s sh a ll h o ld t o wa rds H is M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f

S p ai n t he s a m e o bliga ti o ns which a re h e ld t o w a rds him by t he
Ki ng o f N o rth e rn Lusit a ni a and t he Pri nc e o f t he A lga rv e s
—
.

“
A rt 9 .H is M aj e sty t he Ki ng o f Etruri a c e d e s in a ll
.

pro p e rt y and s o ve re ig nty the ki ngd o m o f Etruri a to H is

M aj e sty t he Emp e ro r o f t he Fre nch , Ki ng o f I t aly
—
.

A rt 1 0 . Wh e n t he d e fi nitive o ccupa ti o n o f t he pro vi nc e s o f

.

P o rtug a l sh a ll h ave b e e n e ffe ct e d , t he re sp e ctive pri nc e s w ho will

b e put in p o ss e ssi o n o f th e m , sh a ll na m e c o nj o i ntly c o mmissi o ne rs
t o fi x t he pr o p e r limits .

A ll th s uth r p rt f P rtug l situ t d t

1
e o e n a o o a ,
a e o the so uth of the Ta gus h avi ng
,

a b ut
o i h b it ts n a an

A ll th c tr l p rt f P rtug l situ t d b tw
.

2 e en a a o o a ,
a e e een t he Ta gusand t he D o uro and ,

b e sid e s , th e pro vi nce o f Tras o s m o nte s that is - -

, , ne a rly half o f the n ki gd
om .
2 62 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

a nd dmi nistrati o n o f the pr o vi nc e s o f B e ira Tras o s m o nt e s

a ,
- -

a nd o f P o rtugu e s e E st ra m adu ra ( which a re t o r e m a i n in pl e dg e )

sh all b e h and e d t o t he g e ne ra l c o mm andi ng t he Fre nch tr0 0 ps ,

a nd a ll c o ntributi o ns sh a ll b e r a is e d t o t he pr o fit o f Fr a nc e The .

pro vi nc e s which a re t o fo rm t he ki ngd o m o f N o rth e r n Lusit ani a

a nd t he pri ncip a li t y o f t he A lg a rv e s sh a ll b e a dmi n ist e r e d a nd

go v e rne d by t he S p anish divisi o ns which sh all t a k e p o ss e ssi o n o f

th e m a nd t he c o ntributi o ns th e re sh all b e l e vi e d t o the pro fit o f
,

S p a in .

A rt 5 . The c e ntr a l c o rps sh a ll b e u nd e r t he o rd e rs o f t he

.
-

c o mm and e r o f t he Fre nch t ro o ps wh o m t he S p anish tro o ps

,

a tt a ch e d t o this a rmy sh a ll b e lik e wis e b o u nd t o o b e y N e v e rthe .

l e ss in c a s e t he Ki ng o f S p ai n o r e v e n t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e
sh o uld j udge it pro p e r t o j o i n this c o rps the Fr e nch tro o ps as
,

w e ll as t he g e ne ra l w ho sh all c o mm and th e m sh a ll submit t o ,

th e ir o rd e rs
A rt 6 —A no th e r b o dy o f fo rty th o us and m e n o f Fr e nch
.

“
. .

tro o ps sh all b e a ss e mbl e d a t B ay o nne o n N o ve mb e r 20 ne xt at ,

t he l at e st t o b e r e ady t o e nt e r S p a i n fo r t he purp o s e o f g o i ng t o
, ,

P o rtuga l in c a s e t he E nglish sh o uld s e nd r e i nfo rc e m e nts o r

thre at e n an att a ck N e v e rth e l e ss this ne w c o rps sh all no t e nt e r
.
,

S p a i n u ntil t he t w o high c o ntr a cti ng p a rti e s sh all h av e mutu ally

a gre e d o n this p o i nt

A rt 7 — The pr e s e n t c o nv e nti o n sh a ll b e r ati fi e d and t he

.

“
. .

ra t ifi c at io ns sh a ll b e e xch a ng e d at t he s a m e tim e a s th o s e o f

t he tre aty o f this day .

D o ne at Fo nt ai ne bl e au O cto b e r 2 7 1 807
, , .

D U R OC .

I Z Q UI E R D O .

The en tryFre nch tro o ps i nt o S p a i n was c o nsid e re d in

o f t he

v ari o us m anne rs a cc o rdi ng to the diffe r e nt i nt e re sts which

,

th e n divid e d this u nh appy c o u ntry .

The Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e r e g a rd e d it as a m e ans o f putti ng

i nt o e x e cuti o n his vi e ws o n t he s o v e re ig nty o f a p a rt o f P o rtugal ,

which had b e e n a ssure d t o him by t he tre aty o f F o nt ai ne bl e au .

The p e rs o ns a tt a ch e d t o t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi as saw in

it a m e a ns e mpl o y e d by N a p o l e o n t o imp o s e up o n th e m t he
Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e wh o m th e y supp o s e d t o b e anxi o us t o put
,

a n o bs t a cl e in t he w ay o f t he m a rri a g e o f th e ir pri nc e a nd o f t he

a bdic ati o n o f Ki ng C h a rl e s which w o uld r e sult fr o m it .

The m ass o f th e S p anish p e o pl e r e g a rd e d N ap o l e o n as a d is

 S P A N I S H A F FA I R S . 26 3

i nt e re st e d pro t e ct o r who w as go i ng t o re li e ve the nati o n fro m

,

t he o ppre ssi o n o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e and e st ablish with t he ,

c o u ntry re l ati o ns which w o uld b e adva nt age o us fo r Franc e and

fo r S p a i n .

A fe w m o nths a ft e rwa rds a ll th e s e chim e r as v a nish e d In .

t he first pl a c e t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s w as a rr e st e d at t he e nd

,

o f t he m o nth o f O ct o b e r a s guilty o f high tr e a s o n ,

L a t e r t he .
,

Pri nc e o f the P e a c e b a re ly e sc ap e d p e rishi ng in a ri o t and only ,

e sc a p e d d e a th by b e i ng in his tur n thr o w n i nt o pris o n A s to .

t he S p a nish p e 0 p 1e w ho had so d e sir e d t he a rriv a l o f t he Fr e nch

, ,

a nd w ho l o o k e d up o n th e m as lib e r at o rs th e y h ad t o su ff er on ,

th e ir p art at Burgo s a nd ab o ve all at M a drid a tre atm e nt

, ,

which th e y had b e e n far fro m a ticip ati ng n .

I t w as o n t he s am e day th at t he tr e aty o f F o nt ai ne bl e au
was sig ne d O ct o b e r 2 7 1 80 7 at t e n o cl o ck in t he e ve ni ng th at
’

, , , ,

t he h e ir t o the cr o w n o fS p a i n wa s a rr e st e d at t he Escuri al Th e y .

a ccus e d him —th e s e a re t he t e rms o f t he writ z—of n a v ing w is/ze d

to d tlz ro ne His fa t/ze r a nd of n

e a v ing w isn e d to assass ina te m m .

The s a m e writ st at e d th a t the I ing na d rece ived tnis intellig e nce c

fro m a n u nknow n sou rce and th at the a ffair w o uld b e tri e d ,

b e fo re a tribu na l c o mp o s e d o f t he G o ve rno r o f Castil e D o n

, ,

A ri a s M o n o f D o n D o mi ng o F e r nand e z de C amp o m anes a nd

, ,

o f D o n S e b a sti a n de T o rr es The duti e s o f cl e rk t o t he c o urt.

we re t o b e p e rfo rm e d by D o n B e nit o A ri as de Prad a t he ,

Co urt a lc ad e O u t o f re ga rd fo r t he p e rs o n o f t he pri nc e th e y
.
,

ch arg e d t he G o ve r no r o f Castil e and t he Mi niste r o f J ustice ,

t he M a rquis de C ava ll e r o t o r e c e ive his d e cl a r ati o ns 1

The .

p e rs o ns a ccus e d as a cc o mplic e s w e re D o n E sc o iqu iz t he Duk e ‘

o f I nfa nt a d o t he M a rquis d O rg az Co u nt de B o r no s D o n J u a n
’

, , ,

Emm anu e l de V ill e na D o n P e dro Girald o I mpris o ne d in t he

,
.

c lls o f the Escuri a l th e y we re d e priv e d o f all c o mmu nicatio n

e ,

b e twe e n th e ms e lve s and the o ut e r w o rld To the thre e j udge s I .

h ave j ust nam e d a nd a t th e ir re qu e st a ft e r tw o m o nths a nd a

, ,

h a lf o f e x ami nati o n e ight o th e r j udge s draw n fro m the Co u ncil

,

1
J s ph
o e ,Marquis de C avall e ro b o rn at Sr a a go ss a in 1 760 , F isca l o f the e me S upr
J
,

u cil
Co n o f w ar in 1 7 94 M i nist e r o f ustic e
1 79 8 is iss d but H e w as d m e in 1 80 8 ,
r i d C o u ncill r f S t t and he d f th C o uncil
, , .

e m a ne o o a e i c s r sid t a o e o f F nan e P e e n o f the

S cti o n f J ustic t th C uncil f S t t e und r Ki g J s ph
.

e o e a e o t k r fug o a e n o e , he oo e e in
F r nc e in 1 8 1 4 r e turne d t o S p i n in 1 820
a , nd di e d a ,
a in 1 82 1 .
2 64 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

o f Ca stil e we re a dd e d The numb e r o fj udge s w as thus i ncre as e d

.

t o e l e ve n .

Th e y d e cl are d u na nim o usly o n J a nu ary 1 1 1 80 8 th at t he , ,

pri nc e a nd t he o th e rs accus e d we re no t guilty The ve rdict .

w as s e nt t o t he ki ng w ho did no t publish it a nd w ho a fe w , ,

d ays a ft e r e xil e d t o v ari o us diffe re nt p a rts a ll t he p e rs o ns

,

a g a i nst wh o m t he a ccus a ti o n ha d b e e n dir e ct e d The Pri nc e .

o f t he A sturi a s w as c o nsig ne d t o his p a l a c e .

Duri ng t he co urs e o f t he tri a l t he numb e r o f Fre nch tro o ps ,

e nt e ri ng t he ki ngd o m i n cre a s e d a nd th e y t o o k p o siti o n a t pl a c e s ,

ne a r M a drid such as S e go vi a A vil a O lm e d o and A rand a de 1

, ,

D ue ro .

Th e s e p o siti o ns which we re no t o n t he ro ut e o f a n
,

e xp e diti o n c o mi ng fr o m Fr a nc e t o go to P o rtuga l a nd the ,

m anne r in which th e y t o o k p o ss e ssi o n o f P a mp e lu na a nd

B a rc e l o na? might l e a d o ne to b e li e v e in s o m e m e na ci ng inte n
ti o ns t o wa rds S p a i n its e lf Expl anati o ns b e twe e n the t wo .

go ve r nm e nts dissip at e d fo r a m o m e nt this u ne a si ne ss but no t ,

e no ugh h o w e v e r t o pr e v e nt t he Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e b e li e vi ng he
'

o ught t o giv e t o t he S p a nish tr o o ps w ho w e r e m a rchi ng t o w a rds

P o rtuga l u nd e r the c o mm a nd o f Li e ut e na nt G e ne ra l S o l a no
,
-

o rd e rs t o r e tr a c e th e ir st e ps
3
.

The a mb a ss a d o r o f Fr nc e pre t e nd e d t o b e ig no ra nt o f this

a ,

a nd a f e w d ays a ft e r r e c e iv e d a n o rd e r t o s y th a t t he S p a nish a

go ve rnm e nt by t he m o ve m e nt it had j ust had m ad e by its tr o o ps

, ,

h avi ng fa il e d in t he pl a ns agre e d up o n a nd ne c e ss a ry fo r t he
o ccup a ti o n o f P o rtug a l t he e mp e r o r fo u nd hims e lf o blige d in
, ,

o rd e r t o e nsur e t he succ e ss o f t he e xp e diti o n t o i ntr o duc e i nt o ,

S p a i n fo rc e s much gre a t e r th an th o s e o f which t he tr e a ty

a uth o riz e d t he i ntr o ducti o n F o r fe a r o f a c o u nt e r o rd e r fro m
.

t he S p a nish g o v e r nm e nt which in e ffe ct a rriv e d s o o n a ft e r

, , , ,

N ap o l e o n had his tro o ps m ak e fo rc e d m a rch e s and in a fe w , ,

d ays he o ccupi e d o th e r pl a c e s in Cat a l o ni a N avarra and

, ,

G u ip usc o a such as Figu e r a S an S e b a sti an & c ,

-
, .

1 S g vi d A vil
e o situ t d t ly b ut sixty m il s rth w st f M drid
a an a are a e a on a o e no -
e o a .

2 Th s t w citi s w r c rri d b y f rc
e e o e d by surpris b y th F r ch tr p
e e a e o e an e e en oo s.

3 D F r cisc
on S l M rquis d l S c rr ( 7 7
an o o ano , A f rv t dm ir r
a e o o o 1 0 e en a e

an d p rtis a f Fr c an h s rv d
o c m m s ldi r i th rm y f M r u
an e , e e e as a o on o e n e a o o ea .

N m d l t r C pt i G
a e a e r l f A d lusi h tri d
a a n- e ne a pr v t d ft rw rds
o n a a, e e to e en , an a e a to
qu e ll , the i nsurre cti o n , and w as assass na e i t d at C adiz in a ri o t .
2 66 TH E M E M OI R S OF P RI N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

Th e b o dy gu ard which fo r s e ve ral m o nths had no t re c e ive d

-
, , ,

the ir pay sh o we d th e ms e lve s disc o nt e nt e d at a j o urne y burd e n

,

s o m e to th e m t he p al ac e s e rvants wh o s e wage s w e re e qu ally

,

b e hi ndh and a nd w ho fo u nd s o m e a id a t M adrid a nd at A ran

,

j u e z we re in gre at u ne asi ne ss Th e ir fe a rs spr e ad a m o ng t he

,
.

l o we r p e 0 p 1e the agit ati o n had b e e n m a nife sti ng its e lf fo r

s e ve ra l d ays ; t he h atre d which the p e o pl e b o r e t o w ards t he
Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e w as still i ncre a s e d by t he i nstiga ti o ns o f th o s e
w ho fe a ri ng his r e tur n a nd his v e ng e a nc e wo uld with o ut gri e f
, ,

h ave s e e n him p e rish in an i nsurre cti o n P o pul ar risi ngs are .

v e ry c o nv e ni e nt fo r i ntrigu e rs ; t he thre ads are bro k e n th e re

a nd r e s e a rch e s b e c o m e imp o ssibl e N o m e asur e o f pr e c auti o n
.

had b e e n t a k e n ; th e r e we r e at A r a nj u e z o n ly t he numb e r o f
tr o o ps ne c e ss a ry fo r o rdi nary duty ; a nd b e sid e s th e y had no t
ch o s e n th o s e up o n wh o m th e y might c o u nt t he m o st Two .

S wiss r e gim e nts fa ithful and av a il abl e had b e e n l e ft a nd a lm o st

, ,

fo rgo tt e n at M adrid .

I n this st at e o f a ffa irs t he slight e st e v e nt might h av e in

,

c alcul abl e r e sults O n t he night o f the 1 7 th to the 1 8th o f M a rch

.
,

b e fo re mid night a qu arre l in which w e re fi re d s e v e ra l pi st o l

, ,

sh o ts b e twe e n a p atro l o f c a rabi ne e rs a nd s o m e b o dy gu a rds -

,

b e c a m e the sig nal fo r t he i nsurre cti o n The p e o pl e c am e o ut in

.

cro wds p assi o n c arri e d th e m t o wa rds the h o us e o f the Pri nc e o f

t he P e a c e th e y br o k e o p e n t he d o o rs The b o dy gu a rd who w e r e
.
-

at A r a nj u e z a nd t he S p anish gu a rds a nd W a ll o o ns c o nsulti ng

, ,

o nly th e ir duty e nd e av o ure d t o qu e ll t he disturb a nc e

, I n spit e .

o f a ll th e ir e ff o rts t he h o us e w a s s a ck e d ; t he ri o t e rs h o we v e r
“

, ,

did no t find t he pri nc e who had t ak e n r e fuge o n t he ro o f a t a ,

pl a c e which by fo r e sight he had had pre p a re d a nd th at e ach y e a r ,

o f his a dmi nistr a ti o n ha d r e nd e r e d m o r e ne c e ss a ry The p e o pl e .

,

in t he midst o f this tumult w e r e p a rticul a r to t e stify by t he cri e s

,

of :
“
D o w n with G o d o y ! L o ng live the ki ng ! L o ng live t he
qu e e n I w ho w as the re a l o bj e ct o f th e ir h atre d ; th e y p aid e ve n
”

s o m e m a rks o f re ga rd to the Pri nc e ss o f t he P e a c e wh o m the y le d

t o t he p a l ac e with t he Duch e ss o fA lcudi a he r d aught e r The , .

e ff e rv e sc e nc e l ast e d thro ugh t he night a nd a t d aybre a k the , ,

p e o pl e wishi ng to sh o w the ki ng th e ir re sp e ct a nd a tt achm e nt ,

r e p aire d to t he p al ac e d e m andi ng t o se e the ki ng who c a m e ou t

, ,
 S P A N I S H A F FA I R S . 2 67

up o n the b alc o ny with all the ro y al family ; a nd th e re s e ve ra l ,

tim e s th e y we re ppl aud e d a nd gre e t e d by the m o st live ly

,
a

d e m o nstrati o ns o f l o ve and fid e lity A fe w signs o f ki nd ne ss a nd .

o f s e nsibility fro m t he ki ng a nd t he c o nd e sc e nsi o n sh o w n in de

,

c la rin
g hims e lf t h a t he w o uld d e priv e t he Pri nc e o ft he P e a c e o ft he

of fi c e s o f g e ne r a l in chi e f a nd a dmir a l suffic e d t o c a us e t he with

- -
,

dra w a l o fthis multitud e a nd t o r e st o re tr a n quillity fo r th a t day .

The tr o o ps re a ssur e d by t he disp o siti o n o f t he p e o pl e

,
-

t o wa rds the ki ng saw with pl e a sure t he humili ati o n o f the

,

Pri nc e o f the P e ac e H e w as b e li e ve d t o h ave fl e d and the cro wd

.
,

which at fi rst s e e m e d o nly to wish t o b e d e live re d fro m him

re tire d a nd a pp e are d s atisfi e d O n t he l gth h o we ve r t he rum o ur
.
, ,

spre ad in the city th at t he pri nc e w as hidd e n in his h o us e he

had b e e n disc o v e r e d by a s e nti ne l w ho re fus e d t o giv e him t he
m e a ns o f e scap e The p e 0 p 1e ran in fro m all sid e s the pri nc e
.
,

p e rc e ivi ng s o m e tr0 0 ps in the stre e t d art e d o u t b e fo re he c o uld ,

r e a ch the b o dy gu a rds who surr o u nd e d him he re c e ive d s e v e ra l

-
,

bl w s up o n the h e a d The ki ng i nfo rm e d o f wh at w as t a ki ng

o .
,

pl a c e and thi nki ng th at t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi as w o uld h ave

,

m o re i nflu e nc e o v e r the p e 0 p 1e th an hims e lf i nduc e d his so n t o go ,

a nd a nno u nc e t o this imm e ns e cr o wd th a t t he Pri n c e o f t he P e a c e ,

w o uld be put o n his tri al The Pri nc e o f the A sturi as e x e cut e d

.

pro mptly the o rd e rs o f his fath e r he addre ss e d hims e lf to th o s e

w ho a pp e a r e d t he m o st e xcit e d a nd pr o mis e d th e m if th e y ,

w o uld r e tire th at t he pri nc e sh o uld b e le d t o pris o n a nd tri e d

,

a cc o rdi ng t o t he full rigo ur o f t he l aws Th e s e pro mis e s t he .

,

dist anc e th at was gra du a lly c o ve re d the watch o f the b o dy ,

gu a rds bro ught t he Pri nc e o f the P e ac e t o t he b arra cks o f the-

gu a rds Th e y cl o s e d the gat e s a nd he w as t ak e n to a ro o m

.
, ,

which by o ne o f th o s e ch anc e s d e sti ne d t o give m e n gre at l e ss o ns ,

h app e ne d t o b e t he s am e th at he o ccupi e d wh e n he w as a simpl e

b o dy gu ard
-
.

I n the first m o m e nt, the ki ng r e s o lv e d t o s e nd t he Pri nc e

o f t he P e a c e t o Gr e nad a t o t he c a stl e o f t he A lh a mbr a ; this
,

proj e ct w as s o o n re no u nc e d b e c a us e it w as fe a re d th at t he
,

p e o pl e might m anife st displ e asure at s e e i ng him s e nt aw ay and

p e rh aps e sc ap e fo r wh o m th e y d e m and e d ch astis e m e nt
, .

The irre s o luti o n in which t he abs e nc e o f t he Pri nc e o f t he

2 68 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

P e ace l e ft t he ki ng the u ne asi ne ss which fi ll e d his mi nd t he littl e

, ,

c o nfid e nc e he h d in hims e lf t he p e rfe ctly m at e ri a l life t h a t he

a ,

h d le d fo r m any y e a rs e v e rythi ng in fi ne m a d e him thi nk th a t

a ,

his h e a lth w as fe e bl e e no ugh so th a t in such di ffi cult circum

st a nc e s he might with o ut dish o no ur a bdic at e t he thro ne
, , , .

P e rh aps he w as a ls o i nflu e nc e d by the fe a r he h ad as we ll ,

a s t he qu e e n o f s e e i ng m a ss a cr e d u nd e r th e ir o w n e y e s t he ma n
,

w ho fo r so l o ng a tim e a n d with such sw a y ha d e nj o y e d th e ir

, ,

co nfid e nc e a nd a ll th e ir favo ur but fi na lly this d e t e rmi na ti o n , ,

wh at e ve r m ay h ave b e e n t he m o tive w as t ak e n with o ut h avi ng ,

c o nsult e d a ny o ne The ki ng had D o n C e va ll o s c all e d a nd

.

o rd e r e d him t o dr aw up a n ac t o f a bdic a ti o n D o n C e v a ll o s .

h ad a lr e ady b e e n i n fo rm e d o f this re s o luti o n o f t he ki ng by

t he m e mb e rs o f t he dipl o m a tic c o rps wh o m H is M aj e sty had
s e e n in t he m o r ni ng a nd b e fo re wh o m he had fo rm a lly d e cl a re d
,

th at circumst anc e s imp e ll e d him t o put i nt o e x e cuti o n a proj e ct

which his age and his infi rm itie s had le d him t o c o nc e ive l o ng
b e fo re and th at he w as g o i ng t o e ntrust the cro w n t o h a nds
,

y o u nge r a nd m o re a bl e t o sust a i n t he burd e n o f it The ki ng .

,

a ddr e ssi ng hims e lf a ft e rw a rds dire ctly t o Co u nt S t ro go no ff 1

,

mi nist e r o f R ussi a s a id t o him with a n air o f s atisfa cti o n

, , ,

th at he had ne v e r t a k e n a re s o luti o n th a t was m o re agre e abl e

t o him H is l a ngu a ge was t he s a m e thr o ugh o ut t he day with
.

t he p e rs o n s wh o m he ha d o cc asi o n t o se e a nd p a rticul a rly with ,

t he mi n ist e rs t he c apt a i n o f t he b o dy gu a rd a nd t he c o l o ne l o f
,
-
,

t he W a ll o o ns .

O n t he 1 9 t h in t he e v e ni ng t he ac t o fa bdic ati o n b e i ng sig ne d

, , ,

a nd i nv e st e d with a ll t he ne c e ss a ry fo rm a liti e s t he ki ng o rd e r e d ,

t he Pri nc e o f t he A sturi a s t o c o m e i nt o his pre s e nc e co m ,

m u nic at e d it t o him a nd had it publish e d ,

The pri nc e .
,

imm e di ate ly a ft e r h avi ng kiss e d t he h and o f t he ki ng his fa th e r , ,

r c e ive d by his o rd e r t he fe licit a ti o ns a nd h o m ag e o f t he H o us e

e

o f H is M aj e sty a nd o f a ll t he c o urt .

The ne w ki ng de siri ng t o h av e t he fi rst a c t o f his r e ig n

,

a gr e e a bl e t o his fath e r t o o k o n t he i nst ant t he m e a sure s he

, ,

j udge d m o st pro p e r t o a rre st t he m o ve m e nts o f t he p e o pl e which

1
Gre g o ry A l x ndro w itch C o u nt S t og n ff m b ss d o r o f R u ssi
e a , r o o , a a a a at C o nst an
t ino ple t he n a t M drid nd t L o ndo n
, a H e di e d in 1 85 7
a a . .
27 0 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

bj e ct which at this m o m e nt fi ll e d all mi nds a nd o ccupi e d

The o ,

the m s o l e ly did no t all o w th e m t o p e rc e ive t he situ ati o n in which

,

t he c o u ntry w as pl a c e d V e ry fe w o f t he i nh abit ants o f M adrid

.

k ne w th at the city w as surro u nd e d by Fre nchm e n a nd o n ,

M arch 2 3 wh e n the Grand Duc de B e rg fo ll o we d by his st a ff

, ,

of fi c e rs e nt e re d M adrid he a st o nish e d t he gre at e r n umb e r o f t he

, ,

i nh abit ants who we re ig no ra nt o f his a rriva l in t he ki ngd o m and ,

he fright e ne d no o ne The sp e ci e s o f r e v o luti o nary giddi ne ss

.

which agit at e d t he mi nds le d the multitud e t o b e li e ve th e re ,

w e re no d ange rs which c o uld no t b e c o nqu e r e d by m e n who had

d e fe at e d the p o w e r o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e ac e .

O n t he day a ft e r t he a rriv al o f Ki ng F e rdi nand V I I in .

M adrid the fo re ig n mi nist e rs with the e xc e pti o n o f t he a m

, ,

b a ssado r o f Fr anc e t he mi nist e r o f H o ll a nd and t he c/za rg e

’

fi a ires o f S ax o ny pre s e nt e d th e ms e lve s at t he p a l ac e t o h av e

'
’
1
a ,

t he h o no ur o f p a yi ng th e ir re sp e cts t o t he ne w ki ng .

M de B e auh a r nais a mb ass ad o r o fFr anc e saw him in privat e

.
, , ,

a nd a nno u n c e d t he appr o a chi ng a rriv a l o f t he e mp e r o r in S p a i n .

The re l ati o ns he had pr e vi o usly had with t he ki ng a uth o riz e d ,

him in b e li e vi ng th at he might c o u ns e l him t o go and m e e t

N ap o l e o n H e tri e d t o i nduc e him e ve n t o pursu e his j o urne y
.

as f a r a s B ay o nne a ssuri ng him th at t he e mp e r o r t o uch e d by

, ,

this pro o f o f c o nfi d e nc e wo uld no t d e l ay a m o m e nt in re co gniz ,

ing him as Ki ng o f S p a i n a nd a cc o rdi ng him o ne o f his ni e c e s ,

in m a rri ag e The a mb ass ad o r add e d th a t it w o uld b e suit abl e

.

fo r t he ki ng t o t a k e t he ne c e ss a ry pr e c auti o ns fo r putti ng t he life

o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e o u t o f a ll d a ng e r a nd f o r givi ng his ,

o rd e rs t o h a v e t he pr o c e dur e which ha d b e e n c o mm e nc e d a g ai nst

him susp e nd e d The Grand D u e de B e rg w ho saw Ki ng

.
,

Fe rdi nand V I I a t t he h o us e o f t he Q u e e n o f Etruri a o n t wo

.

o cc a si o ns us e d t he s a m e l a ngu a g e with this diff

, e r e n c e ; th a t in ,

sp e aki ng o f the Pri nc e o f the P e a c e his e xpr e ssi o ns w e re l e ss ,

m e a sure d th an th o s e o f M de B e auh arnais B o th in a ddre ssi ng . .

,

t he ki ng us e d no titl e e xc e pt th a t o f R o y a l H igh ne ss a nd e v e n
, ,

displ ay e d s o m e a ffe ct ati o n in m a ki ng u se o f this titl e The ki ng .

Th m i i t r f H ll d w M d V h ll
’ ’
1
e ns e o d th
o / g an d fi i as f e e r ue an e c zar e a a res o

Sx yB A s is k w L uis B p rt w th Ki g f
.
,

a on F r ll
aro n vo n o e no n, o o na a e as en n o
H ll d d th Ki g f S x y w
.

o an an tir ly d v t d t N p l
e n o wh ich xpl i s
a on as e n e e o e o a o e o n, e a n
t he r se rve
e of t he two d ipl o ma tists .
 S P A N I S H A FF A I R S . 27 1

m ad e no agre e m e nt with th e m ; his re pli e s we re p o lit e and a ,

slight e mb a rrassm e nt e nabl e d him t o m ak e th e m v e ry l ac o nic .

The di fficult circumst anc e s in which Ki ng F e rdi nand fo u nd

hims e lf i nduce d him t o fo rm a privat e c o u ncil imm e di at ly
,
e .

H e c o mp o s e d it o f D o ns I nf a nt a d o E sc o iq u iz S an C rl o s 1
'

,
a ,
,

Ce v a ll o s C av a ll e r o O lag ue r and Gil de L e m o s

, ,
The Duk e o f ,
.

S a n Ca rl o s had t he p o siti o n o fgr a nd m ast e r o ft he h o us e h o ld o ft he

k ing t he M a rquis de M o s w ho had fill e d it h avi ng b e e n dismiss e d
, , ,
.

The ki ng ch a rg e d D o n E sc o q u i t o f ll o w up p articul a rly a ll t he

’ '

i z o

a ffa irs th a t t he c a bi ne t might h av e t o tr e a t o f with t he a mb a ss a

do r o f Fr anc e a nd t he Duc de B e rg The ch o ic e o fD o n E c o qu i

''

.
s i z

had b e e n d e t e rmi ne d by t he id e a th a t t he a mb a ss a d r o f Fr a nc e o ,

wh o s e p o siti o n w as b e li e ve d t b e u ne asy wo uld fe e l m o re at o ,

h o m e o r wh a t w o uld a m o u nt t o the s a m e thi ng m o re e m

, , ,

b arrasse d with D o n E sc o iq u iz th a n with a ny o th e r m e mb e r o f

'

t he c o u ncil .

The first c o nfe r e nc e o f D o n E sc o iqu iz with t he a mb a ss ad o r

'

o f Fr a nc e t o o k pl a c e a f e w d ays l at e r but it thre w no light ,

up o n t he st at e o f a ffairs The Grand D u e de B e rg w as pre s e nt .

t he l angu age us e d w as t he s a m e I n t he m e na ci ng v o lubility o f .

Murat and the m e e k vagu e a nd re s e rv e d w o rds o f M de B e au

, ,
.

h arnais D o n E sc o iqu i b e li e ve d he c o uld se e th a t t he re al

,
‘

i nt e re st o f t he two pri ncip al p e rs o nage s th at we re supp o s e d t o

a c t by dir e ct o rd e r o f N ap o l e o n b o re e sp e ci ally up o n the ,

j o urne y o f Fe rdi na nd V I I t o B ay o nne wh e re he w a s t o fi nd .

,

t h e e mp e r o r a nd up o n t he i nt e rrupti o n o f t he tri a l o f t he Pri nc e

,

o f t he P e a c e M de B e auh a rna is re str ai ne d a nd dire ct e d in this

. .
,

c o nfe re nc e by t he l angu age o f the Gra nd D ue de B e rg p e rc e ive d ,

th at he had no t up t o th at tim e b e e n th o ro ughly o n t he sid e o f

, ,

his go ve rnm e nt a nd lik e p e o pl e who ch ang e o pi ni o n no t fro m

, ,

re fl e cti o n but s o l e ly fro m i nt e re st he thre w hims e lf with o ut ,

1
D J M iqu l d C rv j l D uk f S C rl s b r i 77 w brig di r
on o se e e a a a e o an a o o n n 1 1, as a e
g r l th h m b rl i f th Pri c f th A sturi s d g v r r f his chil dr
, ,

e ne a , en C a e a n o e n e o e a an o e no o en

V ic r y f N v rr in 1 80 7 H e w as c m pro m is e d in the pl t o f the E scuri l nd

e o o a a a . o o a a

disgr c e d in 1 808 F rdi n nd fte rw ards r c ll d him to hi c o u ncil The duk e

a e a a e a e s
fo ll o w e d his m st e r to V l nc y but w s ft rw rds c nfi n d at L ns le S uni r H e
. .

a a e a a a e a o e o - -
a e

r e turne d t S p i n in 1 8 1 4 w s n m e d m i nist r f st t e th e n amb ass d r t

.
,

o a a a e o a a o a

A ft r the R e v luti n o f 1 820 he r tir d to

, ,

V i e nn ( 1 8 1 5 ) and t L o nd o n
a a e o o e e

f S p ai n ( th e D uch e ss M ri L o uis f rm r Q u e n f
,

L uc ca wh e re an I nf nt a a o a a a, o e e o

re igni ng nd w n m d b y he r m inist r t F r nc A ft e r th e r turn

,

E truri ) w a as a as a e e o a e e

f F rdi nand he b e c m e m b ass d r o f S p i n t P ris

, , .

o e , a H e di e d in 1 82 8
a a o a a a . .
272 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

r e s e rve i nt o all t he id e as o f the Grand D ue de B e rg in wh o m ,

he did no t i nspir e so much c o nfid e nc e a s th a t he had l o st o n t he

p a rt o f Ki ng Fe rdi nand The Gra nd Duc de B e rg t e rmi nate d
.

this c o nfe re nc e by o bs e rvi ng t o D o n E sc o iqu iz th a t it was im ‘

p o rt a nt t o t a k e m e a sure s t o put a n e nd t o t he agit ati o n rais e d

a m o ng t he p e o pl e by t he pre s e nc e o f so l arge a numb e r o f
Fre nchm e n in M adrid .

This ch a ng e o f fe e li ng t o wa rds the Fre nch c am e fro m the

p e o pl e s b e li e vi ng th e y no l o nge r had ne e d o f th e m Th e y we re
’
.

d e live re d by th e ir o w n e ffo rts fro m t he o ppre ssi o n o f t he Pri nc e

o f t he P e a c e a nd w e r e full o f c o nfi d e n c e in th e ir ne w ki ng
,
thus
no l o ng e r r e g a rdi ng t he Fr e nch as lib e ra t o rs th e y fo u nd th e m ,

v e ry cl e ar and i nc o nv e ni e nt gu e sts .

D o n E sco q u iz r e p o rt e d t o t he c o u ncil t he r e sult o f his

‘ ’

c o nfe re nc e with t he Grand D u e de B e rg a nd the a mb a ss ad o r

o f Fr a n c e .Th e re up o n his c o ll e agu e s a ss o ci a t e d with him fo r
furthe r c o nfe re nc e s t he Duk e o f I n fant a d o and b o th
w e re i nstruct e d by the ki ng t o go t o Mur at and say to him
th a t it w a s t he i nt e nti o n o f Ki ng Fe rdi nand V I I t o go t o .

m e e t t he e mp e ro r as s o o n as he sh o uld h ave c e rt ai n ne ws o f his

a rriv a l o n t he fr o nti e r but th a t t he l e tt e rs fr o m Fr a nc e did no t
,

a dvis e him
ye t o f his d e p a rtur e fro m P a ris ; th a t as t o t he ,

Pri nc e o f the P e ac e his tri a l c o uld no t be susp e nd e d b e ca us e

, ,

t he pr o s e cuti o n a nd t he publicity o f this ac t o f j ustic e w e re

o ne o f his duti e s t o w a rds t he na ti o n but he pr o mis e d th a t t he ,

s e nt e nc e wh ate ve r it might b e sh o uld no t b e e x e cut e d u ntil

, ,

a ft e r h avi ng b e e n submitt e d t o t he a ppr o v a l o f t he e mp e r o r .

D o ns I nfant ad o a nd E sco iqu iz a dd e d th at the y had j ust

‘

t ak e n the m o st e ffi c a ci o us m e asure s to r e st o re tra nquillity in

M adrid a nd in e ffe ct it had b e e n o rd e re d th a t a ll h o us e
, , ,

o w ne rs sh o uld p atro l night a nd day t he qu a rt e rs in which

th e y live d The ga rris o n o f M a drid at the re qu e st o f t he
.
,

Grand D ue de B e rg had b e e n re duc e d to t wo b att a li o ns o f

,

S p anish gu a rds a nd W a ll o o ns a nd t he b o dy gu a rds ,

This -
.

sm all numb e r o f tro o ps w e re e mpl o y e d in s e e i ng the o rd e rs o f

t he m a gistr at e s o f p o lic e e x e cut e d a nd in putti ng a st o p t o
,

t he qu arr e ls which might a ris e b e tw e e n t he i nh abit a nts o f

t he city a nd t he Fr e nch .
 27 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

t he mb ass ad o r a nd o f G e ne ra l S ava ry The l att e r in p re

a .
1
,

s e nti ng t he s a m e d e m ands in the na m e o f t he e mp e ro r wh o m ,

he had l e ft o nly a fe w d ays b e fo re br o ught p o sitive ne ws o f his ,

a rriv a l a t B o rd e a ux H e w a s pl e a s e d t o sp e a k o f t he disp o siti o n

.

o f N ap o l e o n fo r F e rdi na n d V I I e mpl o yi ng a ll t he t e rms c a l e u

.
,

l at e d t o i nspire c o nfid e nc e Thus he a ssure d t he ne w ki ng th a t

.
,

he w o uld b e r e c o g niz e d ; th at his m a rri ag e w o uld b e c o n clud e d ;

th at t he i nt e grity o f S p ai n wo uld b e gu a ra nt e e d a t t he fi rst
i nt e rvi e w th at t he pri nc e w o uld h ave with t he e mp e ro r a nd
th at fo r so m any a dvant age s t he e mp e ro r wish e d o nly t o h e a r
, ,

fro m t he m o uth o f the pri nc e in wh o m he c o nfid e d th at S p ai n

, , ,

u nd e r his a uth o rity w o uld b e as faithful a n a lly o f Franc e as it

,

h ad b e e n a ft e r t he F a mily Co mp a ct ?

The s a m e d e m ands t he s a m e r e pli e s r e p e at e d fo r s e v e ra l

,

d ays l e ft m att e rs in the s a m e st at e up t o the 8 th o fA pril wh e n , ,

t he ki ng a ft e r h avi ng t ak e n t he a dvic e o f his c o u ncil d e cid e d t o

, ,

s e nd t he I nfant e D o n C a rl o s t o m e e t N a p o l e o n The pri nc e

3
.

w as t o g o e v e n t o P a ris if h e did no t fi n d t he e mp e r o r o n t he
,

ro ad H e w as the b e are r o f a l e tt e r fro m t he ki ng his bro th e r

.
, ,

in which a ft e r h avi ng sp o k e n o f t he d e sir e t o fo rm t he cl o s e st

,

a lli anc e with t he e mp e r o r a nd h avi ng r e ne w e d his d e m a nd f

, or

o ne o f his ni e c e s in m a rri ag e he a n no u nc e d th a t he w o uld go

,

t o m e e t H is M aj e sty as s o o n a s he sh o uld b e a w a r e o f his

,

a ppr o a chi ng t he fr o nti e rs o f S p a i n H e c o nclud e d his l e tt e r by.

l e avi ng t o t he e quit abl e d e cisi o n o f H is M aj e sty t he a ffair o f

t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e .

The I n fa nt e d e p a rt e d with this l e tt e r A pril 9 H e w as .

a cc o mp ani e d by t he Duk e o f H ij a r D o n V a ll e j o D o n M ac ana z

4
, , ,

1
R en é S v ry b r
a a , o n in 1 7 74 at M a uzi rs t r d
,
ne a V o rc
e r y
, en e e r
rly
the a m at an e a
ag e , and w as c l l g d r s
o o ne of en a me l s ly tt ch d
in 1 800 C o e a ap r r e t o t he e m e o , he
St
.

b c
e am e g r le ne adivisi
of vig
o n a nd D u e de R o d b ss d r
o , an d w as nam e am a a o at .

t rs urg
Pe e b in 1 80 7 c d d
I n 1 80 8, h e o m m an e sh rt tifo r a r ch r ps
o m e the F e n t oo in
Sp i H vi g b s t c d d th
.

a n . c i ist r lic
H e b e am e M n e o f P o e in 1 8 1 0 a n een en en e
. to ea
r tur d
p er cont u m acz a m in 1 8 1 5 , he e
’

r c
ne s t c qu sh d
t o F an e and h ad t he e n e n e a e He .

liv d r tir
e t u d r
in e e m e n n e st r ti
th e R e o a o n d G v r r
I n 1 8 3 1 , h e w as nam e o e no of

A lg ri
.

di d
e a, a nd e in 1 83 3
tr ty c clud d A ugust Hu
.

2
Th e ea on e in by which
, 1 76
1, br ch s all th e an e o f th e o se

B ur
of o gr d utu lly
bo n a e e m assistto a th r
o ne a no e Tra nsla tor ) . .

3
f t rl s s c d
The I n an e D o n C a o , e o n so n o f Ki g h rl s n b r
C a e , w as o n in 1 7 88 In
S p i u til
.

cc p i d rdi d
1 808, h e a o m an e Fe l y r tur
nan to V a e nca , and did no t e n to a n n 1 81 4
At
.

d th
t he ea ki g his br th r
o f t he n , o v i ly cl i
e , he a n thra m e d the o ne in the nam e o f

t he S lic
a law rlist p rty d t s fr th t ti
The C a a a e om a me
S cr t ry
. .

1
‘
dr b r
D o n P e o M acanaz , o n in 1 7 60, w as e e a b ssy ussi
o fE m a in R a He .
 S P A N I S H A FFA I R S . 27 5

a nd M a rquis o f Fe ri a A t B ay o nne he fo u nd the Duk e o f

t he .
,

Frij a s t he Duk e o f M e di na Coe li a nd Co u nt o f Fe r nan Nu nez

,
-

,
- 1
,

a lr e ady s e n t by Ki ng F e rdi na nd t o p ay his r e sp e cts t o N a p o

l e o n w ho a fe w d ays a ft e r a rriv e d at B ay o nne

,
.

The ne ws o f his d e p a rtur e fr o m P a ris r e a ch e d M a drid o n ,

A pril 1 1 Ki ng F e rdi na nd h ara ss e d by a ll the cl aims o f the

.
,

Grand D u e de B e rg t he e ntre ati e s o f G e ne ral S ava ry and t he , ,

sugge sti o ns o f M de B e auh r na is t o o k t he re s o luti o n o f l e avi ng

. a ,

o n t he l o t h f o r Burg o s H is mi n ist e rs ha d dvis e d this u nani . a

m o u sly S e e i ng th at t he ki ng c o uld ne ith e r ne g o ti a t e no r d e fe nd

.

hims e lf no r e sc a p e th e y th o ught th e re w as no o th e r c o urs e fo r

, ,

this u nh appy pri n c e t o t ak e th an t o pl a c e hims e lf with c o nfi ,

d e nce in the h ands o f N a p o l e o n .

Th e y c o uld no t ne go ti at e s e e i ng th at F e rdi nand V I I had no t .

b e e n re c o g niz e d N ap o l e o n had no t re pli e d t o a ny o f his l e tt e rs ,

a nd th e re w as r e a s o n t o susp e ct th at t he fr e qu e nt c o mmu nic a ti o ns

which t o o k pl a c e b e tw e e n t he ki ng t he qu e e n a nd t he Gra nd ,

D u e de B e rg thr o ugh t he m e dium o f t he Q u e e n o f Etruri a had

, ,

fo r th e ir o bj e ct t o i nduc e Ki ng C h a rl e s t o withdr aw his abdi

c a ti o n Th e s e s e cre t ne g o ti ati o ns which ha d a dj ut a nt ge ne r a l
.
,
-

de M o nthi o n fo r m e ss e ng e r a nd t he Q u e e n o f Etruri a fo r
2
, ,

i nstrum e nt prod uc e d t he a nt e d at e d ac t o f M a rch 2 1 in which

, ,

Ki ng Ch a rl e s d e cl a re s
pro t e st a nd d e cl a re th at my d e cre e o f M a rch 1 9 by which
I ,

I a bdic at e t he cr o w n in fav o ur o f my so n is a n ac t t o which I ,

w as fo rc e d in o rd e r t o pr e v e nt t he gr e at e st m isfo rtu ne s and t he ,

sh e ddi ng o f t he bl o o d o f my b e l o ve d subj e cts I t must in c o n .

,

s e qu e nc e b e r e ga rd e d as o f no v a lu e
,
.

I t he K I N G , .

a cc m p i d th pri c s f S p i i t F r c w shut up f s m ti m t Vi
o an e e n e o a n n o an e , as or o e e a n
ee m s ne d k pt f rw r d u d r sup rvisi
an e t P ris I
a te 8 4 h b c m M i ist r
a n e e on a a n 1 1 e e a e n e
f J ustic
.
, ,

*
o w rr st d f m lv rs ti s d suff r d tw y rs i m pris m t H
e, as a e e or a e a on an e e o ea on en . e
di e d sh o rtly fte r a .

C o u nt f F r n n N u ne z b rn in 1 778 w as n e f the m o st ard e nt supp rt e rs o f

1
o e a -
o o o o
f th e A sturi s
, ,

the P ri nc e o H cc e pt e d ne ve rth e l e ss the ffi c e o f Gr nd V n r

a e a o a e eu
t the c o urt f Ki ng J o s e ph
.
, ,

a ob t h avi ng b n c nvict d o f tr e s o n h e w s fo rc e d to
u ee o e a , a

fly I n 1 8 1 5 he w s n m e d by F e rdi n nd m b ss do r t L nd n and th e n t P ris

.
, a a a a a a a o o , a a
in 1 8 1 7 H di e d in 1 82 1
. e .

G ne r l M o nthi o n h d b e e n i nstruct e d by M ur t t ppro ch C h rl e s I V fo r

2 e a a a o a a a .

the purp s e f pr e ssi ng h im to pro t e st g i nst his first bdic ti n in f v o ur o f Fe

o o a a a a o a r
din nd a ( S e o n this pis de M m irs n the Af ir f Sp in by A bb é de P r dt )
. e e o e o o a s o a , a .

G nd M ra f h H- ast e r o t e u nt .
2 76 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

The tural r e sult o f this pro t e st which w as as ye t o nly

na ,

s usp e ct e d by t he mi nist e rs o f F e rdi nand V I I must b e a n .

,

a pp e a l o f Ki ng C h a rl e s t o N ap o l e o n a g a i nst his r e b e lli o us a nd

usurpi ng so n .

I t c o uld no t b e pr e v e nt e d ; t he e ss e nti a l fo rc e s o f t he ki ng
do m w e re e nfe e bl e d by t h e abs e nc e o f a c o rps o f ne a rly twe nty
th o us a nd m e n w ho u nd e r t he c o mm and o f t he M a rquis de la
, ,

R o m a na w e r e fighti ng in t he no rth o f Eur o p e with t he Fr e nch

,

a rmi e s .F e rdi nand V I I had h ardly thr e e th o us a nd m e n ab o ut

.

him ; t he p e o pl e w e r e with o ut a rms a nd wh e n u nd e r any , ,

pre te xt wh at e ve r the g o ve r nm e nt sp o k e o f bri ngi ng a fe w

,

b att a li o ns t o M a drid the Gra nd D ue de B e rg o pp o s e d it with

,

a ll t he b o ld ne ss i nspir e d by t he o ne hu ndr e d a nd fi fty th o us a nd

m e n wh o m h e c o mm a nd e d .

Flight w as imp o ssibl e ; the l e a st pre p a rati o n w o uld h av e

b e traye d t he proj e ct ; t he suspici o n a r o us e d by the att e mpt e d
e sc a p e o f C h a rl e s I V s o m e d ays b e fo re k e pt the p e o pl e up o n
.
, ,

t he a l e rt The ki ng was surr o u nd e d by spi e s p e rh a ps e v e n

.
,

in t he v e ry c o u ncil a lth o ugh D o n C av a ll e r o a nd D o n O lag u e r

,

w e re no l o nge r m e mb e rs o f it and had b e e n re pl a c e d by ,

D o n P e nu e l a s and D o n O F a rril B e sid e s t o r e tire with o ut

’ 1
.
,

a n a rmy with o ut stro ngh o lds and with o ut m o ne y e ve n t o

, , ,

A lge siras w as a d e sp e rat e st e p

,
The c o u ncil w as l a cki ng in .

e ne rgy .

B e sid e s it wa s k no w n th at in a tre a ty dr a ft e d at P a ris ab o ut

, ,

M a rch 20 by D o n I zqui e rd o N ap o l e o n had i ns e rt e d a m o ng t he ,

b as e s o f a n agr e e m e nt the o bligati o n fo r S p a i n t o c e d e t o him

,

a p o rti o n o f he r t e rrit o ry by fi xi ng t he Ebr o as t he b o u nd a ry o f

t he t w o c o u ntri e s N o o ne r e v o lt e d at this id e a e v e ryb o dy it

.
,

is tru e gri e ve d at t he ne c e ssity o f m aki ng this s acrifi ce but it

, ,

w a s h o p e d th a t at t he m o m e nt o f t he m a rri ag e N ap o l e o n
, ,

wo uld fo re go his proj e ct a nd re strict hims e lf t o s e curi ng t he ,

milit ary ro ut e which w as ne c e ss a ry fo r Fra nc e in o rd e r t o c o m

m u nic ate with P o rtug a l a nd t o o bt a i n fo r Fr e nch c o mm e rc e t he
, ,

1
D on G o nzal o O Farril b o rn in 1 75 3 o f an I rish f m ily in the s e rvice o f S p ai n
’
a

A fte r the de p rture o f the ki ng he

, ,

w as li e ut e n nt g e ne r l and i nsp e ct o r o f i nfantry

a -
a a

w as a m e m b e r o fthe J u nt a o f g o v e rnm e nt pre sid e d o v e r by the I nf nt e D o n A nt o ni o

.
,

N e v e rt h e l e ss he r e c o g niz e d Ki ng J o s e ph
.

,
nd s e rv e d him f ithfully C o nd e m ne d to
, a a .

de ath in 1 8 1 4 he t oo k r e fug e in Fr anc e wh e r e he di e d

, , .
27 8 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

sc u rity o f s o m e o f the e xpre ssi o ns o f this l e tt e r the di fficulti e s ,

o f t he situ a ti o n in which Ki ng F e rdi na n d fo u n d hims e lf w e r e

such th at he fe lt i ncli ne d t o put a favo urabl e i nt e rpre t ati o n up o n

all th a t c a m e fr o m N a p o l e o n a nd this disp o siti o n w as sh a r e d ,

by all t he p e rs o ns att a ch e d t o t he ki ng e v e n by th o s e w ho ,

had pr e c e d e d him t o B ay o nne C o u nt o f F e r na n Nu nez D o n s

.
-
,

H ij ar V a ll e j o a nd M ac a ri a wr o t e th at th e y a nticip a t e d t he
’

, ,
z

h appi e st re sults fro m t he i nt e rvi e w a b o ut t o t a k e pl a c e b e twe e n

t he t w o s o v e r e ig n s .

The ki ng d e cid e d th o ugh he w as t o g o o n t o B a y o nne

, ,

lik e d t o h ave re a s o ns give n h im fo r c o nti nui ng his ro ut e S e v e r a l .

tim e s in t he day he t o o k the a dvic e o f his c o u ncil a nd a lth o ugh

, ,

t he o pi ni o n w as a lw ays t he s a m e he c o n sult e d th e m still Th e , .

sl o w pro gre ss o cc a si o ne d by the i na cti o n in which th e y re m ai ne d

duri ng thre e d ays gave u ne asi ne ss t o G e ne r a l S ava ry w ho had
, ,

o rd e rs t o b ri ng t he pri nc e s t o B a y o nne willi ngly o r by fo rc e , .

Pl a ns w e re m a d e to c a rry th e m o ff o n t he 1 9 th if duri ng t he , ,

day o f t he 1 8th a l a st a tt e mpt at p e rsu a si o n did no t succ e e d

, .

The t o w n h a ll w as t o b e surr o u nd e d o n t he 1 9 t h in t he
-

m o r ni ng by the i nfa ntry o f G e ne ra l V e rdi r ; thr e e pi e c e s o f

,
e

a rtill e ry l o a d e d with gr a p e sh o t
,
w e re t o b e pl a c e d at t he thre e
-
,

gat e s o f t he city G e ne ra l S av ary at t he h e ad o f his ge nd arm e s , ,

a nd supp o rt e d by a hu ndr e d m e n o f light i n fa ntry w as t o fo rc e ,

his w ay i nt o t he p a l a c e A ll th e s e a rra nge m e nts pro ve d us e l e ss

.
,

t he ki ng h avi ng a nno u n c e d th at h e w o uld l e av e t he ne xt day

a t ni ne o cl o ck in t he m o r ni ng A t t he m o m e nt t he ki ng
’
.

st e pp e d i nt o his c arri age p o pul a r i nsti nct c o ll e ct e d a gre at

,

cro wd a ro u nd it ; th e y cut the trac e s o f t he mul e s ; cri e s

o f fury w e r e h e a rd o n all sid e s This tumult might h av e .

b e c o m e v e ry s e ri o us if the ki ng had no t d e cid e d at o nc e

'

t o m ak e a pr o cl a m ati o n t he e ffe ct o f which up o n t he p e 0 p 1e

w as r e m a rk abl e ; th e ir cri e s b e c a m e t e a rs a nd sh o rtly a ft e r ,

th e y b e c am e pro strat e d The mul e s we re ag a i n put t o t he

.

c a rri ag e s the b o dy gu a rds m o u nt e d th e ir h o rs e s a nd all se t o u t

-
.

A t e l e v e n o cl o ck in t he e v e ni ng t he ki ng a rriv e d a t I ru n with
’

his re ti nu e H e a light e d a t the h o us e o f D o n O l az ab a l which

.
,

w a s o utsid e th at littl e city I t w as gu a rd e d by a b a tt a li o n o f t he

.

ki ng s r e gim e nt G e ne ra l S ava ry did no t a rrive at I ru n u ntil the

’
.
 S P A NI S H A FFA I R S . 2 79

2 0t h s e ve n o cl o ck in t he m o r ni ng A n a ccid e nt t o his
at
’
.

c a rriage had c aus e d this d e l ay .

Thus t he ki ng a nd his a tt e nd ants we re e ight h o urs a l o ne

, ,

w ith o ut a Fr e nch e sc o rt in a S p a nish h o us e o n t he s e ash o r e ,

wh e re s e ve ra l b o ats w e re fast e ne d t o st ak e s pl a c e d in t he ga rd e n
its e l f G e ne ra l S ava ry o n a lighti ng fro m his c arri age re p aire d
.
, ,

in gr e a t h a st e a nd p e rpl e xity t o t he h o us e wh e r e t he ki ng
w as st ayi ng a nd fo u nd him a sl e e p A t e ight o cl o ck in t he
’
.
,

m o rni ng th e y all l e ft fo r B ay o nne A t t he m o m e nt wh e n t he

,
.

ki ng a rrive d o n Fre nch t e rri t o ry d e t achm e nts o f t he I mp e ri a l ,

Gu ards surro u nd e d his c a rri age Th e ir numb e r app e a re d t o s o m e .

o f t he S p a ni a rds r a th e r l a rg e fo r a Simpl e e sc o rt o f h o no ur This .

re m a rk vagu e at first b e c am e a si nist e r fo re b o di ng wh e n o n

, , , ,

p a ssi ng Og u nna th e y re a d o n the a rch o f triumph th e s e w o rds

, ,

H e w ho m ahes a nd u nm a hes hing s is m o re tha n a hing him self .

S uch an i nscripti o n w as a st a rtli ng m e nac e fo r t he pri nc e s of

a nd s a id t o th e m lik e th a t o f D a nt e
'

S p ain, ,

’ ” 1
L a scia te og ni s p era nz a , v oi ch e ntra te .

Thus w as a chi e ve d t he m o st m e m o rabl e p e rh aps o f all t he , ,

o utr a g e s o f N a p o l e o n Th e pri nc e s o f S p a i n we r e o utsid e o f.

S p an ish t e rrit o ry a nd t he e mp e r o r h e ld th e m in his p o we r

, .

Th e ir s oj o urn at B ay o nne p o ss e ss e s no o th e r i nt e re st th an
th at pro ce e di ng fro m the diffe re nt m e ans t he im agi nati o n o f
N ap o l e o n e mpl o y e d t o d e c e ive hims e lf o r th a t his ch ara ct e r and ,

m a lic e furnish ed him fo r pr o l o ngi ng fo r s o m e h o urs t he e rro r o fhis

simpl e and u nfo rtu nat e victims a nd fo r e xciti ng giga ntic e ffo rts ,

o n t he p a rt o f Fr a n c e which did no t o ff e r any o th e r pr o sp e ct ,

t h a n t o pl a c e o ne o f his br o th e rs o n t he thr o ne o f S p a i n A ll .

th at p a ss e d th e n is fo u nd d e scrib e d in d e t ail with e x a ct ne ss a nd ,

i nt e re st in the wo rk o f M de P radt ; a nd th e re fo re my o bj e ct
, .
2

1
A ll h p b d y wh t r h r o e a an o n, e o en e e e

75 9 t A ll ch s ( A uv rg )
.

D m i iqu D uf ur d P dt b r i
2 o n e o e f bl ra ,
o n n 1 a an e e ne , o a no e
f m ily H w t first
a . ffic r b t l ft th m ilit ry c r r t
e as a t r rd rs V ic r
an o e u e e a a ee o en e o e a

g r l t R u h w ft rw rds d puty f th cl rgy t th S t t s G r l H

.
,

e ne a a o e n, e as a e a e o e e o e a e -
e ne a . e
e m i gr t d ia e7 9 r tur d t F r c u d r th C sul t
n 1 1, e d b c m ch pl i t th
ne o an e n e e on a e , an e a e a a n o e
e m p r r th e o Bish p fP iti rs
, en N p l om pl y d h im i h
o f
of irs f S p i
e a o eon e o e nt e a a o a n
in 1 80 8, and g v
him o o n a e t he a
a e b too s ft r
rch ish pric fM li ne s H e w s am b ss ado r
o a . a a
to W a a rs w
in 1 8 1 2 I n 1 8 1 4 , he was nam e . d Gr nd C h nce ll r o f the L e gi o n o f
a a o

H o no ur
H e was, in 1 8 1 7 , e e e
. e om C l ct d d puty fr l r m nt F e rr nd H e di e d in 1 83 7
e o -
a . .

M de P radt h as
. en m Th e o writt
m en uch w rk . ti ne d b o v e M m ire H i toriq es
o a ,
e
’
o s s u
s u r la R evolu tion d E s a n e w as
’

p g , b e in P a pu lish d ris in 1 8 1 5 .
2 80 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

is simply t o fo ll o w as a m e re thre ad the sp e ci a l e ve nts o f e ach

, ,

o f t he d ays th at t he y o u ng pri nc e s p a ss e d a t B a y o nne b e fo re ,

pro c e e di ng t o V ale ngay wh e r e I w as t o h av e the h o no ur o f

,

r e ce ivi ng th e m a nd wh e re I w as fo rtu nat e e no ugh t o b e abl e

,

t o sp a re th e m at l e a st s o m e a nxi e ty a nd c a re s
, ,
.

B e twe e n V ida nte a nd B ay o nne Ki ng Fe rdi nand m e t the ,

I nfant e D o n Ca rl o s w ho a cc o mp ani e d by D o ns Fri as M e di na

, , ,

Coe li a nd F e r nan Nu nez c a m e t o m e e t his u nh appy br o th e r

,
-
,
.

The ki ng had th e m e nt e r his c a rri a g e a nd th e r e he l e a r ne d ,

fro m th e m with t he gre at e st surpris e th at N a p o l e o n had

, ,

d e cl a re d t o th e m the day b e fo re at t e n o cl o ck in t he m o r ni ng ’
,

th at th e y sh o uld ne ve r re tur n t o M a drid a nd th a t o ne o f his , ,

N ap o l e o n s bro th e rs w as t o o ccupy the thro ne o f S p a i n I

’
,
.

m e nti o n t he h o ur at which this d e cl a rati o n w a s m ad e b e c aus e it

pro ve s th at it had t ak e n e ight e e n h o urs t o bri ng this ne ws t o
I ru n a nd at I ru n as has b e e n s e e n Ki ng F e rdi na nd c o uld still
, ,

h ave re l e as e d hims e lf fr o m his d e sp o il e rs A t o ne l e agu e fro m .

B ay o nne th e re no l o nge r re m a i ne d fo r t he pri nc e s a nythi ng but

,

sa d r e sig na ti o n o r c o nfid e n c e in r e as o ns o n t he fo rc e o f which ,

it w o uld h ave re quire d much simplicity t o re ly .

The c a rri age s a dv a nc e d t o wa rds B ay o nne a t h a lf p ast -

twe lve t he pri nc e s a rrive d th e re a nd a fe w m o m e nts l a t e r Ki ng, ,

Fe rdi na nd re ce ive d a visit fro m N ap o l e o n I n this fi rst i nt e r .

vi e w all w as i nsig nific a nt e xc e pt t he a l a rmi ng w o rd E lle

, ,
'

e mpl o y e d by N a p o l e o n a nd this w o rd a n o rdi na ry e xpr e ssi o n

, ,

o f r e g a rd w a s a s a pplic a bl e t o t he titl e o f M aj e sty as t o th a t o f

,

R o y a l H igh ne ss F e rdi nand V I I h ast e ne d at o nc e t o re p a ir t o

. .

t he p al ac e t o pr e s e nt his h o m ag e t o N a p o l e o n w ho had p a id
him t he fi rst visit N ap o l e o n i nvit e d him t o di ne at the C h at e au
.

o f M arrac ; he a ls o i nvit e d t he Duk e s o f S an C a rl o s o f M e di na

1
,

Coe li and o f I nfa nt a d o t he Pri nc e de N e u fc hate l w as t he o nly

,

Fre nchm an pre s e nt a t the di nne r Th e y did no t sp e a k o f p o litics . .

O n t he m o rr o w N a p o l e o n gr ant e d priv at e a udi e nc e s t o t he Duk e s

,

o f S a n C a rl o s a nd o f I nfa nt a d o a nd t o D o n E sc o iq u iz He
'’

.
,

t o ld th e m he w as d e t e rmi ne d t o ch ang e the dy nasty th at re ig ne d

1
The C a e a h t u o f M arrac situ at e d o ne kil o m e tr s o uth o f B ay o nne was built e

Q u e e n D w ge r o f S p ai n wid o w o f C harl e s I I re fug e in F ranc e

, ,

in 1 70 7 fo r t he -
o a , .
,
e .

N ap o l e o n b o ught it in 1 80 7 I t was d e str o y e d by fi re in 1 82 5

. .
2 82 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

ve ry difficult fo r hist o ry t o wh o s e buri n he ha d furnish e d such

,

b e autiful illustra ti o ns t o se t d o w n t he m o tive s fo r t he d e sp o ili ng

,

o f a p o w e rful ki ng w h o had c o m e in c o nfi d e n c e t o r e n d e r h o m a g e
,

t o a s o v e r e ig n w ho ha d b e e n his a lly fo r six y e a rs Th e n e nt e ri ng

, .

i nt o t he e x ami nati o n o f the p o litic a l c o ns e qu e nc e s o f t he r e s o lu

ti o n o f t he e mp e r o r th e y pre dict e d th at t he S p a nish c o l o ni e s
, ,

wh o s e fid e lity u nd e r t he a ctu a l d ynasty w a s no thi ng l e ss th an

a ssur e d ,
w o uld u nd e r ano th e r dy na sty b e c o m e t he pre y o f
E ngl and o r c o nstitut e th e ms e lve s a n i nd e p nd e nt p o w e r ; th at e

E ngl and w o uld th e n p o ur th e re i n t he pro ducts o f he r m a nu fac

ture s a nd th a t this ne w and gre a t o utl e t w o uld s e cure fo r he r a
,

c o mm e rci a l sup e ri o rity abs o lut e ly crushi ng f o r t he o th e r p o w e rs

o f t he w o rld Th e s e re as o ni ngs which s e e m e d m o re lik e t he

.
,

disch a rge o f a c o nsci e nti o us duty th an a n a rgum e nt at i o n fro m

which a ny a dva nt age might b e e xp e ct e d w e re m i nut e ly go ne ,

i nt o N ap o l e o n list e ne d t o th e m with o ut sh o wi ng any imp ati e nc e

.
,

but s a id th a t fo r a l o ng tim e he had c o nsid e re d t he qu e sti o n

,

u nd e r a ll its a sp e cts th a t D o n E sc o iq u i a nd t he Duk e s o f S an

,
‘

C a rl o s a nd o f I nfant a d o had p o i n t e d o u t t o him no thi ng ne w ,

a nd th a t he p e rsist e d im m o v a bly in t he syst e m he h a d a d o pt e d .

D o ns I nfant a d o E sc o q u i a nd S a n C rl o s re tire d a nd r e p o rt e d
,
‘

i
'

z a

t o t he p e rs o ns w ho h a d a cc o mp a ni e d F e rdi n a nd V I I nd w ho .
,
a

w e r e in his c o nfid e nc e t he c o nve rs ati o n th e y ha d ha d with

,

N ap o l e o n a nd a dd e d — b e li e vi ng th at in this th e y w e re p e rfo rmi ng

,

a n ac t o f c o ur a g e — th a t th e ir o pi ni o n w as th at his o ff e rs must

n o t b e d e cli ne d .

Th e ir gro u nds fo r this o pi ni o n we re t he situ a ti o n o f t he :

ki ng a nd o f t he I nfa nt e no w in t he h a nds o f N a p o l e o n t he , ,

n umb e r o f Fr e nch a rmi e s a ctu a lly in S p a i n t he p o siti o ns th e y ,

o ccupi e d t he i ne f,
fici e ncy o f t he S p a nish a rmy fe w in numb e rs ,

a nd sc a tt e r e d a b o ut t he c o u ntry a nd fi na lly t he fe e bl e ne ss o f , ,

Ki ng Ch a rl e s I V w ho was l e ndi ng hims e lf t o all t he wish e s o f

.
,

N a p o l e o n D o n Ce va ll o s w ho w as t he o nly o ne o f a c o ntrary
.
,

o pi ni o n b a s e d it up o n v e ry str o ng c o nsid e r a ti o ns a nd pr o p o s e d
, ,

a s a s e qu e l t o t he ne g o ti ati o n t o r e fus e a ll v e rb a l c o m m u n ic a
,

ti o n and t o r e s o rt to writt e n no t e s as if N ap o l e o n w e re still in ,

P aris Ki ng F e rdi nand at M a drid t he Fre nch tro o ps in G e rm a ny

, ,

a nd t h e S p a nish tr o o ps o ccupyi ng a ll t he str o n g pl a c e s o n t he

 S P A N I S H A FF A I R S . 2 83

fro nti e rs H e a ccus e d o f we ak ne ss a nd e ve n o f c o w ardic e t he

.
,

m e mb e rs o f t he co u ncil w ho e xpre ss e d a n o pi ni o n diffe re nt fro m

his o w n he sust ai ne d th at no a rra ng e m e nt must b e m ad e wh o s e
b asis w as t o b e t he c e ssi o n o f t he cro w n a nd he d e m a nd e d th at ,

a ll t he m e mb e rs o f t he c o u n cil h a vi n g t o a nsw e r f o r th e ir o pi n i o n

t o t he S p anish C o urt sh o uld e xpr e ss it in writi ng .

Th e ir c o urage re tur ne d wh e n th e r e w as no l o nge r ne e d fo r

a nythi ng but r e sig nati o n I s it no t r e m a rk abl e th at t he s a m e
.

m e n w ho in S p i n had no t k no w n ho w t o r e sist e i t h e r t he
a

Pri nc e o f t he P e c e the Gra nd D u e de B e rg o r G e ne ra l S ava ry

a , , ,

b e li e ve d th e y c o uld a chi e ve anythi ng by e s t ablishi ng a t B ay o nne ,

in writi ng t he right o f pri ncipl e s t he law o f a bdic a ti o n t he

, , ,

d ange rs th e y ra n o n the subj e ct o f t he c o l o ni e s & c , .

D o ns I nfa nt d o and E sc o qu i w e re i nstruct e d t o a cqu a i nt

a
'‘

i z

N ap o l e o n with t he d e cisi o n t ak e n by t he pri nc e s to na m e a

p le n ip o t e nt ia ry w h,
o sh
_
o uld b e a uth o riz e d t o tr e a t in writi ng t he

p o i nts which we re t o b e s e ttl e d N ap o l e o n whil e s ayi ng th at

.
,

t he r e s o luti o n o f t he pri nc e s did no t a pp e a r t o him c a lcul a t e d t o

a dv a n c e a ff a irs c o mpli e d with t he re qu e st t o na m e a pl e nip o

'

t e nt ia ry H e t o ld D o ns I nfant a d o a nd E sc o q u i th a t he w o uld
''

. i z

giv e his p o w e rs t o M de C h amp ag ny his Mi nist e r o f F o re ig n

_
.
,

A ffa irs . H e a sk e d w ho w as t he p e rs o n t o wh o m t he pri nc e s

wo uld give the ir p o we rs The Duk e o f I nfanta d o s a id th at it
.

wo uld pro b ably b e a m o ng t he S p ani ards in t he s e rvic e o f t he

d e p a rtm e nt o fFo r e ig n A ffa irs th a t t he pri nc e s wo uld ch o o s e th e ir
pl e nip o t e nti a ry and he na m e d as a tt a ch e d t o th a t c a re e r D o ns
, ,

C e v a ll o s L abr ad o r M usquiz V a ll e j o and M a c ana

, , , A t t he
, z .

na m e o f M de L a br a d o r h e m a d e s o m e u nki n d r e m a rks t he
.
, ,

ve ry nature o f which w e r e h o no urabl e fo r t he ch ara ct e r and

a biliti e s o f th a t mi nist e r .

D o ns I nfa nt a d o a nd E sc 0 qu iz a cqu ai nt e d t he ki ng s c o u ncil

1
’

with t he r e sult o f the ir ne w c o nfe r e nce with N ap o l e o n Th e y .

pro p o s e d th e re a nd th e n t o nam e a pl e nip o t e nti a ry a nd D o n ,

C e v a ll o s saw in N ap o l e o n s o pi ni o n o f t he M a rquis o f L a bra d o r

’

o nly a no th e r m o tiv e fo r pr o p o si ng him t o t he c o u n cil The ki ng .

a ct e d up o n this a dvic e a nd a pp o i nt e d t he m a rquis The l att e r .

had a c o nfe r e nc e with M de C h amp a g ny w ho d e m an d e d as a

’

.
, ,

pre limi na ry ac t t he c e ssi o n o f t he cr o w n o f S p a i n The M a rquis

, .
2 84 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

of L abra d o r d e cl are d tha t he ha d not, a nd tha t befo re God he hop ed ,

he neve r w o u ld ha ve , the p o w e r to ce de it . Th e y bro k e up t he c o n

fe re nc e ,
whil
a nd c u cil
e t he o n discussi ng t he qu e sti o n as
w as
t o wh e th e r th e y sh o uld o r sh o uld no t giv e t he ne c e ss a ry p o w e rs
, ,

fo r c o nti nui ng t he ne g o ti a ti o n N ap o l e o n s e nt fo r D o n E sc o qu iz
‘ '

,
i ,

a nd t o ld him th a t if b e fo r e e l e v e n o cl o ck in t he e v e n i ng h e did
’
,

no t bri ng t o him t he fo rm a l r e nu nci a ti o n o f Ki ng F e rdi na n d t o

t he thr o ne o fS p a i n a nd his r e qu e st fo r th a t o f Etruri a he w o uld

, ,

tre at with Ch a rl e s I V who w a t o a rrive o n t he m o rro w D o n

.
,
s .

E sco q u iz r e p o rt e d t o t he c o u n cil t h e d e t e rmi nati o n o f N a p o l e o n

'‘

i .

D o n C e va ll o s b e gg e d t he ki ng t o r e fus e u nr e s e rv e dly t he p ro
p o siti o ns m ad e t o him O n the fo ll o wi ng day D o n E sc o iqu iz
.
,
'

v e nture d t o sp e ak a ga i n o f Tusc any to N ap o l e o n w ho with ,

o u t e nt e ri ng i nt o t he m a tt e r s a id t o him My d e a r sir it is “
, , ,

t o o l at e
”
.

O n t he 3 o t h at fo ur o cl o ck in t he e v e ni ng C h a rl e s I V a nd
’
.
,

t h e qu e e n a rriv e d a t B ay o nne N a p o l e o n ha d s e nt o ne o f his

.

ch a mb e rl a i ns t o c o ngratul at e th e m a t I ru n I n t he c a rri age .

fo ll o wi ng th at o f t he ki ng w a s t he Duch e ss o fA lcudi a d aughte r ,

o f t he Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e O rd e rs had b e e n giv e n th a t t he e ntry

.

o f t he ki ng a nd qu e e n i nt o B ay o nn e sh o uld b e brilli a nt The .

pri nc e s th e ir childre n w e nt t o m e e t th e m and re e nt e re d t he

, ,
-

city with th e m The Pri nc e o f t he P e a c e w ho a t t he r e p e at e d

.
,

re qu e st o ft he Grand D u e de B e rg had b e e n r e l e as e d fro m V ill a

V ici o s a l e ft t he priv a t e h o us e wh e r e h e w as l o dgi ng and w e nt
, ,

t o dw e ll with t he ki ng a nd qu e e n .

The a rriva l o f Ki ng C h a rl e s c ha ng e d t he a sp e ct o faffa irs he

c o ns e nt e d t o e ve rythi ng N ap o l e o n ch a rge d D o n E sc o q u iz t o
.
‘

i
'

t e ll Ki ng F e rdi nand th a t Ki ng C h a rl e s h avi ng pro t e st e d aga i nst

,

his abdic ati o n t he duty o fthe Pri nc e o ft he A sturi as w as t o re tur n

,

him t he cro w n by a re nu nci ati o n pure a nd simpl e The c o u ncil .

i nduc e d Fe rdi nand V I I t o a nno u nc e his submissi o n but to

.
,

pro p o s e t o p e rfo rm t he ac t o f r e nu nci ati o n o nly at M adrid .

A thr e a t e ni ng l e tt e r fr o m Ki ng C h a rl e s t o his so n t he s e v e rity ,

with which he had tre at e d him in the pre s e nc e o f N ap o l e o n t he ,

i nt e nti o n he had a nno u nce d o f h avi ng t he c o u ns e ll o rs o f Ki ng

F e rdi nand tri e d as re b e ls all th e s e m e ans c o mbi ne d pro duce d the
ef fe ct N a p o l e o n had h o p e d fr o m th e m t he pri nc e s e nt his r e sig na
2 86 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

to G e ne ra l Duro c h avi ng b e e n s e ttl e d the pri nc e s sta rte d fo r

, ,

Va le ngay wh e r e N p o l e o n s e n t th e m u ntil t he ch at e a u o f
,
a

N ava rre sh o uld b e m ad e h abit abl e Th e y st o pp e d tw o d ays at .

B o rd e aux a nd o n t he 1 9 th o f M ay th e y m ad e th e ir e ntry i nt o
, , ,

V a le ngay I ha d b e e n t h e r e s e v e r a l d ays wh e n t he pri n c e s

.

a rriv e d . This m m e nt has l e ft o n my mi nd an impre ssi o n which

o

will ne v e r b e e ffa ce d The pri nc e s w e re y o u ng a nd o ve r th e m

.
, ,

a r o u n d t h e m in th e ir cl o thi ng in t he liv e ri e s o f th e ir s e rv a nts w a s

, , ,

s e e n t he im age o f bygo ne c e nturi e s The c o a ch fr o m which I saw .

th e m ligh t might h ave b e e n t ak e n fo r a c arri age o f Philip V

a .

This a ir o f a ntiquity in r e c a lli ng th e ir grand e ur add e d t o t he

, ,

i nt e re st o f t he ir p o siti o n Th e y w e re t he first B o urb o ns th at I

.

s aw a g a i n a ft e r so m a ny y e a rs o f st o rms a nd dis a st e rs It .

w as no t th e y w ho fe lt e mb arr a ss e d it w as I a nd I a m pl e as e d , ,

t o say it .

N ap o l e o n had had th e m a cco mp ani e d by C o l o ne l H e nri ,

a sup e ri o r o f fi c e r o f t he g e nda rm e rie d elite and o ne o f th o s e ’ ’

1
,

p o lic e age nts w ho b e li e ve th at milit ary gl o ry is a cquire d by

-

fulfilli ng with s e ve rity a missi o n o f this ki nd I s o o n p e rc e ive d .

th at this m an a ffe ct e d t o sh o w his suspici o ns and fe a rs which ,

might m ak e t he s o j o ur n at V a le ngay i nsupp o rt abl e fo r t he

pri nc e s I a d o pt e d with him t he t o ne o f a m a st e r in o rd e r t o
.
,

m ak e him u nd e rst and th t N ap o l e o n did no t re ig n e ith e r in t he

a

a p a rtm e nts o r in t he p a rk o f V a le ngay This re a ssure d t he ’

pri nc e s a nd w as my first re c o mp e ns e I surr o u nd e d th e m with

,
.

r e sp e ct a tt e nti o n a nd c a re ; I a ll o w e d no o ne t o pre s e nt
,

hims e lf b e fo re th e m u ntil a ft e r h avi ng o bt a i ne d p e rmissi o n

fro m th e m N o o ne a ppr o a ch e d th e m e xc e pt in full dre ss ; I
.

ne v e r fa il e d mys e lf in wh a t I ha d pr e scrib e d in this r e sp e ct A ll .

t he h o urs o f t he day w e r e distribut e d a cc o rdi ng t o t he h abits o f

t he pri nc e s m ass h o urs o f r e st pro m e nad e s praye rs & c e ach
, , , ,
.
,

o f th e s e had its pr o p e r tim e Will it b e cre dit e d th at at.

V a l e ncay I m ad e t he pri nc e s o f S p ai n a cqu a i nt e d with a ki nd

,

o f lib e rty th e y ha d ne v e r k no w n wh e n ne a r th e ir fa th e r s thro ne ?

’
N e v e r at M adrid had t he t w o e ld e r pri nc e s w alk e d o u t to
, ,

g e th e r with o ut a writt e n p e rmissi o n fro m the ki ng To b e a l o ne .

,

t o g o o u t t e n tim e s a day in t he g a rd e n in t he p a rk w e re , ,

1
A pick e d p lice fo rc e
o .
 S P A NI S H A FFAI R S . 2 87

pl e asure s ne w t o th e m Th e y ha d ne ve r b e fo re b e e n abl e t b e
. o

s o u nc nstr a i ne d t o w a rds e a ch o th e r
o .

I c anno t u nd e rst an d why hu nt i ng h o rs e ridi ng a nd d a nci ng ,

-

h ad b e e n fo rbidd e n th e m in S p a i n I had th e m t k th e ir fi rst . a e

sh o t with a g u n ; I c o nfid e d th e m t o the c a re o f a f rm e r o

k e e p e r o f M nse gne u r t he Pri nc e de C o ndé na m e d A ubry

o i , ,

w ho h ad t a ught t he D u e de B o urb o n ho w t o sh o o t This o ld .

m n full o f r e sp e ct a nd a ffe cti o n m e nti o ne d p e rs o ns o f th e i r

a , ,

fa mily t o th e m o n e ve ry o cc asi o n I had th e m rid e h o rs e s with

,
.

Fo uc ault w ho had l o ng b e e n a tt ach e d t o m e bro ught up in t he

chi e f st abl e s o f the ki ng he ha d b e e n sp e ci a l a tt e nd ant o f
,

M ad a m e Eliz ab e th o f Fra nc e a ll the e x a mpl e s he cit e d a ll his ,

r e c o ll e cti o ns w e re draw n fro m th e ir H o us e B o uch e r put a ll his

, .

skill a nd a ll his h e a rt i nt o m a ki ng th e m b ad S p anish st e ws .

Th e t e rr a c e which is in fr o nt o f t he ch at e au b e c a m e o u r b a ll
ro o m wh e re the pri nc e s c o uld wit ne ss a s by ch anc e s o m e
, , ,

o f th o s e d a nc e s t he Fr e n ch c a ll rondes a nd in which th e y migh t ,

j o i n wi th o ut k no wi ng ho w t o d anc e Guit ars a nd a m o ngst .

,

o th e rs th a t o f C a str o w e r e h e a rd in a ll c o r ne rs o f t he g a r
, ,
de n .

I h ad e nd e av o ur e d t o h av e th e m sp e n d s o m e h o urs in t he
library in this I did no t m e e t with gre at succ e ss a lth o ugh t he ,

librari an M Fe rc o c a nd I tri e d a ll t he m e ans th at w e c o uld

, .
, ,

i m agi ne t o r e t a i n th e m th e re H avi ng fa il e d by b o o ks a l o ne t o
.

a r o us e th e ir i n t e r e st w e c a ll e d th e ir a tt e nti o n t o t h e b e a uty o f
,

t he e diti o ns a nd t o t he w o rks which c o nt a i ne d e ngr avi ngs

, we
e v e n r e s o rt e d t o c o mm o n pictur e s ; ye t I d a r e no t say ho w ,

us e l e ss all o u r e ffo rts pro ve d D o n A nt o ni o th e ir u ncl e who

.
, ,

fe ar e d fo r th e m the gre at e r numb e r o f b o o ks which c o mp o s e a

go o d libra ry s o o n im agi ne d s o m e re a s o n fo r i nduci ng th e m to
,

r e tire t o th e ir ap a rtm e nts and fo r this he m e t with l e ss re sist anc e

th an wh e n he wish e d th e m t o l e ave t he e x e rcis e s a nd t he a mus e
m e nts which fo rm the ch arm o f summ e r e ve ni ngs in the c o u ntry .

I n a dditi o n t o th e s e distr a cti o ns which e v e ryb o dy a b o ut t h e

/
,

ch at e a u h e lp e d m e t o o rga niz e the pri nc e s had t he c o ns o l ati o ns

,

o f r e ligi o n ; gr e a t misfo rtu ne a lw ays r e nd e rs fa ith m o r e liv e ly

a nd t he s o ul m o r e s e n sitiv e E a ch day cl o s e d with a public

.

pr ay e r at which I had a ll visit o rs t o the ch at e au the o ffice rs ,

o f t he d e p a rtm e nt al gu ard and e ve n t he m e n o f t he g enda r

2 88 TH E JI E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

m e rie tt e nd Eve ry o ne l e ft th e s e g ath e ri ngs with s o fte ne d

a .

h e a rts ; t he pris o ne rs a nd th e ir gu a rds prayi ng o n th e ir k ne e s ,

ne xt e a ch o th e r t o t he s a m e G o d a pp e a r e d t o r e g a rd o ne
, ,

a no th e r l e ss a s e ne mi e s ; t he gu a rds w e re n o lo ng e r so fi e rc e
,

no r t he pris o ne rs so a l a rm e d p e rh aps s o m e displ ays o f i nt e re st

m ad e th e m e ve n c o nc e ive a littl e ho p e The fe e li ng h e arts .

o f t he pri nc e s le d th e m t o a scrib e t o m e t he c o ns o l a ti o n th e y

e xp e ri e nc e d I c a nno t r e m e mb e r with o ut e m o ti o n t he gri e f th e y

.

sh o we d wh e n a l e tt e r fro m N ap o l e o n o n his w a y fro m B ayo nne

, , ,

dire ct e d m e t o g o t o m e e t him at N ant e s a nd l e ave th e m fo r a ,

fe w d ays .

The e mp e r o r had fo r s o m e tim e b e e n w o u nd e d at t he o pi ni o n

I had e xpr e ss e d as t o his u nd e rt a ki ng in S p ai n nay m o r e he , ,

h a d th o ught th a t t he pl a ns I h ad m a d e t t he tim e o f t he a rriva l a

o f t he pri nce s at V ale ngay had t o o much th e ir s a fe ty in

,

vi e w Thus as soo n as w e m e t a t N a nt e s w e had s o m e

c o nve rs ati o ns—I might say rath e r s o m e irrit ati ng discussi o ns
.
, ,

O n o ne o cc a si o n a m o ng o th e rs t aki ng a b ant e ri ng t o ne with

,

m e rubbi ng his h a nds a nd w a lki ng up a nd d o w n t he r o o m

, , ,

whil e l o o ki ng a t m e with a m o cki ng a ir he s a id t o m e W e ll , , ,

yo u se e wh a t a ll y o ur pr e dicti o n s as t o t he di fficulti e s I sh o uld

e nc o u nt e r in r e gul a ti ng t he a ff a irs o f S p a i n a cc o rdi n g t o my

vi e ws h ave a m o u nt e d t o ; I h ave h o we ve r o ve rc o m e th e s e , ,

p e o pl e h e re ; th e y h ave all b e e n c aught in t he ne ts I spr e ad

fo r th e m and I a m m a st e r o f t he situ ati o n in S p a i n a s
, ,

in t he r e st o f Eur o p e Pr o vo k e d by this b o a s t i ng so littl e

”
.
,

j ustifi e d in my e y e s a nd ab o ve all by t he sh a m e ful m e a ns he

,

h ad e mpl o y e d t o a rriv e a t his e nds I r e pli e d t o him c a lmly , , ,

th a t I did no t se e thi ngs u nd e r t he s am e a sp e ct as he a nd th at ,

I b e li e v e d he had l o st m o r e th an he had g a i ne d by t he e ve nts a t

B ay o nne Wh a t do yo u m e an by th at ? he re pli e d IW
“ ” “
. on .

I s a id it is v e ry simpl e and I will sh o w yo u by an

”
D ie u , , ,

e x a mpl e I f a m an in t he w o rld c o mmits fo lli e s h as mistre ss e s

.
, ,

c o nducts hims e lf b adly t o w a rds his wife d o e s e ve n grav e wr o ngs ,

t o his fri e nds he will d o ubtl e ss b e bl am e d ; but i f he is rich

, ,

p o we rful a nd cl e ve r he m ay still e xp e ct t o b e tre at e d with in

, ,

du lg e nce in s o ci e ty I f he ch e ats a t g a mi ng he is imm e di at e ly

.
,

b anish e d fro m go o d c o mp any which will ne ve r p a rd o n him

,
.
2 90 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

Onl e avi ng Va le ngay l re turne d t o P a ris ; I sp e nt o nly a

,

fe w d ays th e r e b e fo r e l e avi ng fo r Erfurt wh e r e N p o l e o n a nd ,

a

t he Emp e r o r o f R ussi a w e re t o m e e t The d e t a ils o f this i nt e r .

vi e w will fo rm a s e p a rat e ch ap t e r The fre qu e nt c o nv e rs ati o ns .

I th e n ha d with N a p o l e o n le d m e t o a ppr e h e nd th t he m e dit a t e d

,
a

c ausi ng the pri nc e s o f S p a i n t o fa ll i nt o a s na re th at his mi nist e r

o f g e ne r a l p o lic e had l a id f o r th e m by his o rd e r The r e sults .

might b e fat al t o th e m I b e li e ve d th e re w as no t a m o m e nt t o
l o s e t o fo re wa rn th e m o f it so I ha d M M o rnard my s e cre t a ry ,
.
, ,

l e ave imm e di at e ly fo r P a ris a nd c a ll with t he utm o st sp e e d , , ,

o n t he Duk e o f S a n C a rl o s w ho w a s th e n in th a t ci t y H is z e a l
,
.

a nd i nt e r e st f o r t he pri n c e s t o o k him o nly fo ur d ays t o r e ach

th e re .

My mi nd my h e a rt my m e m o ri e s we re fi ll e d with i nte re st
, , ,

fo r t he pri n c e s o f S p a i n I h av e still pr e s e nt t o my mi n d t he
.

ef fe ct pr o duc e d up o n m e at t he fi rst i nt e rvi e w a t Erfurt wh e n

, ,

t he Emp e r o r o f R ussi a a m o ng t he o bligi ng thi ngs he s a id ,

t o N a p o l e o n a nno u nc e d t o him th a t he ha d r e c o g niz e d his

,

bro th e r J o s e ph as Ki ng o f S p a i n .

Fro m this m o m e nt t he e xist e nc e o f t h pri nc e s up t o the

,
e

t im e o f th e ir r e tur n t o S p a i n w as u ne ve ntful ; a ll th a t c a n b e

s a id o f th e m duri ng th e s e fi ve y e a rs is th at th e y live d , .

M de la Fo re s t c a m e t o ne go ti a t e at V a le ngay t he tre aty

.
1

by virtu e o f which the re tur n o f the pri nc e s t o S p ai n w as c o n

s e nt e d t o by the Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n w ho sig ne d o n Fe bru a ry 8 , ,

1 8 1 4 at N o g e nt sur S e i ne t he o rd e r f
,
-
o r t h e ir d p a rtur e
-
, I t w as e .

d e sir e d t o give the a pp e ra nc e o f a fre e c o ns e nt t o a n o rd e r which

a

w as dr aw n o u t in t he h o p e o f pr e v e nti ng t he a rmy o f t he c o a li ,

ti o n fro m e nt e ri ng Franc e by the fr o nti e r o f t he Pyre ne e s The .

re sp e ctful fo rms e mpl o y e d by M de la F o re st in all his re l ati o ns .

with the S p a nish pri nc e s must h av e b e e n so much t he m o re

a ppr e ci a t e d by th e m th at fo r s e ve ra l y e a rs th e y had b e e n
,

o blig e d t o pr s e rv e th e ms e lv e s fr o m t he b ad c o nduct a nd h e a vy
e

de a lihg s o f M M de D arby H e nri K o lli a nd a h o st o f o t h e r

.
, , ,

1
Th tr ty f V l c y w
e ea osig d D c m b r
a en a 8 3 as Th i t g rity f S p i
ne e e e 1 1, 1 1 e n e o a n
pr m is d Th F r ch tr ps w r t v cu t th c u try th S p ish d
.

w as o e . e en oo e e o e a a e e o n , e an an

E glish r m i s w r
n a t t cr ss h P yr
e e e no s F i lly F rdi d h d d m itt d i
o o t e e ne e na e nan a a e n
pri cipl h i d f m rri g with th d ught r f Ki g J s ph Th tr ty w
.
,

n e t e ea o a a a e e a e o n o e . e ea as

l g ht by h D uk f S
t e C rl s b f r th C rt es d F rdi d l ft V l c y an nan a en a
'
an
Iz
iou e o a o e o e e o , e e
l ch 3
/ ar
.
 S P A N I S H A FFA I R S . 291

a g e nts w ho had b e e n pl a c e d ne a r th e m t o gu a rd a nd spy up o n

th e m B e fo re l e avi ng the Fr e nch t e r r i t o ry t he pri nc e s had s till
.

t o submit t o a n i nsult pr o v o k e d by t he D u e de F e ltr e w h o , ,

with o ut h avi ng r e c e ive d t he o rde r fro m N ap o l e o n but in t he

’

h o p e o f pl e a si ng him had o ne o f th e m st o pp e d o n the fro nti e r

,

a s h o st ag e .

I f e v e r t he succ e ss o f an e nt e rpris e sh o uld h av e a pp e a r e d

i nfa llibl e it w a s a ssure dly a n e nt e rpris e in which tre a s o n had
,

c o mbi ne d e ve rythi ng in su ch a m anne r as t o l e av e no thi ng t o

b e d o ne by fo rc e o f a rms I t must h av e s e e m e d imp o ssibl e th a t
.

S p ai n i nv a d e d b e f r e sh e c o uld p o ssibly e xp e ct it d e priv e d o f

, o ,

he r g o v e r nm e nt a nd o f a p o rti o n o f he r str o ngh o lds with a ,

re gul a r a rmy m e di o cre in numb e r a nd m o re m e di o cre in qu a lity , ,

wi th o ut h a rm o ny b e twe e n he r pr o vi nc e s a nd a lm o st with o ut the ,

m e ans o f e st ablishi ng a ny c o uld thi nk fo r a m o m e nt o f o ffe ri ng,

re sist ance o r o f att e mpti ng t o do so e xc e pt fo r he r rui n H o w

, .

e v e r th o s e w h o k ne w S p a i n a nd t he S a ni a rds j udg e d o th e rwis e

, p ,

a nd w e r e no t d e c e iv e d Th e y pre dict e d t h at S p anish prid e w o uld

.

c alcul at e ne ith e r ultim at e re sult no r pr e s e nt d a nge rs but w o uld ,

fi nd in i ndig nati o n a nd d e sp a ir a vig o ur a nd r e s o urc e c o nti nu a lly ,

re ne we d .

N ap o l e o n in m e na ci ng E ngl and with a n i nvasi o n had fo rc e d

, ,

he r t o cr e a t e a n a rmy o f c o n sid e r abl e stre ng th a nd thus with o ut , ,

fo re s e e i ng it had pr p a re d h e lp fo r t he P e ni nsul a S e ve nte e n

,
e .

th o us and E nglish a nd s o m e th o us and P o rtugu e s e m ad e t he

, ,

Fre nch e va cu at e P o rtuga l t he l att e r re e nt e re d m o m e nt a rily b u t -

w e re u nabl e t o e st ablish a fi rm fo o ti ng th e re The P o rt gu e s e . u

s o o n had a num e ro us a rmy brave a nd we ll discipli ne d nd with ,

-
,
a ,

t h e E nglish d e v e l o p e d i nt o t he a uxili a ri e s and t he supp o rt o f

,

t he re sist a nc e which h a d burst fo rth simult ane o usly o v e r ll a

p a rt s o f S p a i n and which c o uld b e e ntire ly suppre ss e d o nly by

,

imm e ns e a rmi e s which it w as imp o ssibl e t o m a i nt a i n in t h at

,

c o u ntry b e c aus e it w as imp o ssibl e t o no urish th e m The titl e

, .

“
i nvi n cibl e th a t t he c o nti nu a l vict o ri e s o ve r re gul a r a rmi e s
”

h ad a tt ch e d t o t he na m e o f N ap o l e o n b e c a m e c o nt e st a bl e a nd
a ,

it w a fro m S p a i n t h at Euro p e l e a rn e d th at he c o uld b e c o n

s ~

qu e re d and ho w it c o uld b e d o ne The r e sist a nc e o ft h S p a ni a rds

, . e ,

in s e tti ng a pre c e d e nt pr e p a r e d th at m ad e l a t e r by t he R ussi an s ,

U 2
292 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

a nd fa ll o f t he m an w ho had pro mis e d hims e lf the

le d t o t he
d o mi nati o n o f the w o rld Thus w as veri fi e d wh a t M o nte squi e u
.

h ad s a id o f t he pr o j e cts o f a n u n iv e rs a l m o na rchy : tha t they

co u ld no t fa il in a s ing le p o int w itho u t a iling e ve r
f y w he re .

At t he fi rst i ndic a ti o n s th e y Franc e o f t he pro j e cts o f

had in
N a p o l e o n o n S p a i n a fe w p e rs o ns s a id : This m an is u nd e r
,
“

t a ki ng a thi ng which if it fa il will rui n him and if it succ e e d

, , ,

will rui n Euro p e I t has fa il e d e no ugh t o rui n him a nd p e rh aps

.
”
,

it ha s succ e e d e d suffi ci e ntly t o rui n Euro p e .

F e rdi na nd V I I a t V a le ngay humbl e d hims e lf b e yo nd m e a

.
, ,

sur e t o t he p o i nt o f c o ngra tul ati ng his o ppr e ss o r o n his victo ri e s

,

o v e r t he S p a ni a rds H a rdly had h e r e m o u nt e d t he thro ne th a n

.
,

wi t h o ut discrimi na ti ng b e tw e e n his fa ithful subj e cts a nd tho s e

w ho c a rryi ng i nt o t he Co rt es t he r e v o luti o nary spirit w ishe d t o
, ,

a nn ihil a t e t he r o y a l p o we r t o substitut e th e ir o w n t o it F e r ,

dina nd V I I s e nt e nc e d t o e xil e t o ir o ns t o d e a th e v e n th o s e w ho
.
, , ,

ha d i nfl a m e d th e ir c o u ntrym e n fo r his d e fe nc e th o s e wh o s e ,

c o nst a ncy had bro k e n his i r o ns fo r him th o s e by wh o s e aid he ,

w a s no w r e ig ni ng A ll t he w e a k ne ss he had sh o w n in misfo rtu ne

.
,

ch ang e d i nt o a furi o us cravi ng fo r abs o lut e p o we r The E nglish .

,

w ho b o a st o f b e i ng t he lib e r at o rs o f S p ai n w ho o ught t o h av e ,

m ad e stipul ati o ns in he r fav o ur a nd w ho c o uld h ave d o ne it did , ,

n o t do it Th e y c o nfi ne d th e ms e lv e s to m aki ng re pre s e nt ati o ns

.
,

t he i nutility o f which c o uld e a sily b e fo r e s e e n a nd t he succ e ss

’

.
,

o f which th e r e is r e a s o n t o b e li e v e w a s m o st i ndi f
,
fe re nt to th e m , ,

fo r th e y h a t e tyr a nny abr o a d o n ly wh e n as u nd e r N a p o l e o n it

, , ,

m e na c e s th e ir e xiste nce a nd th e y d e light ( w e ne e d no t fur nish

, ,

a ny i nst a nc e o f it ) in tur n i ng t he subj e cti o n o f p e o pl e s t o t he

pro fit o f th e ir prid e o r o f th e ir pro spe rity A m o re fa r sight e d .

-

p o licy wo uld h ave i nspir e d t he C abi ne t which g o ve r ne d E ngl a nd

a t th a t tim e with v e ry diff e r e n t vi e ws .

Q il p o uvai e nt écho u e r sur nu se ul p i nt qu ils n parto ut

’
1 e cho uasse nt
’
u s ne o .

E N D O F TH E F O U R T H PA RT .
29 4 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

of c ivil iz ati o n—C o nv e r sati o n of N a p o le o n with W —

i l d I nt e r vi e w
e a n

b e tw e e n the C z ar and Ta ll e yran d —Th e l att e r e nd e av o u r s t o d e fe a t th e

pr oj e c t s o f N ap o l e o n—I n duc e s th e C z ar to writ e to the E m p e r o r o f
A u stri a in o rd e r t o so o th e h is a ppr h ie e n s o n s — N ap o l e o n fa il s t o
~

p e r su ad e the C z ar —H e l e t s o u t his se cr e t — F et e at W e i m ar— N ap o l e o n s

,
’

o pi i
n on on T a citu s— W i e l an d s d e fe nc e o f th e gr e at R o m an hi st o ri an
’

Re tur n to E rf urt — C o nfi de nt ial i n t e rvi e w b e tw e e n N a p o l e o n and th e

C z a r — C o n v e r sa ti o n with T a ll e yr a n d — N a p o l e o n w ant s t o div o rc e
J u dg m e nt o f th e C z ar o n N ap o l e o n— N a p o l e o n and th e C z ar b e fo r e a
p it fu l o f k i ng s at E rfurt
— N a p o l e o n s O pi
’
n i o n o f id e o l o gi s t s — C hri sti an ity
th e b t y t
e s s s em of ph i lo so phy — N a p o l e o n s t a rt s f o r S p a i n— The E rfurt
c o nve nti o n .

IN t he c o urs e o f the c o nfe re nc e s pre c e di ng t he tre aty o f

Tilsit t he Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n o ft e n sp o k e t o t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r
,

o f M o ld a vi a a n d W a ll a chi a a pro vi nc e s d e sti ne d s o m e day t o

s

be c m o e R ussi a n A f fe
. cti ng t o b e c a rri e d a way by s o m e irre
sist ib le impuls e a nd t o o b e y t he d e cr e e s o f Pr o vid e nc e he sp o k e
, ,

o f t he divisi o n o f Eur o p e a n Turk e y as i ne vit a bl e H e th e n .

i ndic at e d as if i nspire d t he g e ne ra l b as e s o f the sh a ri ng o f

, ,

t h a t e mpir e a p o rti o n o f which w a s t o fa ll t o A ustri a in o rd e r

, ,

t o gra tify he r prid e r ath e r th a n he r a mbiti o n A shre wd mi nd .

c o uld e asily no tice the e ffe ct pro duc e d up o n t he mi nd o f A l e x

a n d e r by a ll th o s e fanciful dre a ms N ap o l e o n w atch e d him .

a tt e nt v e ly a nd as s o o n a s h e no tic e d th a t t he pr o sp e cts h e ld
i ,

o u t a llur e d t he C z a r s im a gi na ti o n he i n fo rm e d A l e x a nd e r th a t
’

l e t t e rs fro m P a ris ne c e ssit a t e d his imm e di at e r e tur n a nd g ave ,

o rd e rs f o r t he tr e aty t o b e dr a ft e d a t o n c e My i nstructi o ns o n .

t he subj e ct o f th a t tr e a ty w e r e th a t no a llusi n t o a p a rtiti o n o f

,
o

t he O tt o m a n Empir e sh o uld a pp e a r in it no r e v e n t o t he futur e ,

fa te o f the t wo pro vi nc e s o f W a ll a chi a a nd M o ld avi a Th e s e .

i ns t ruc t i o ns w e re strictly c a rri e d o u t N ap o l e o n thus l e ft Tilsit

.
,

h avi ng m ad e pro sp e ctive a rra nge m e nts which c o uld s e rve him
as he pl e a s e d f o r t he a cc o mplishm e nt o f his th e r d e sig ns H e o .

had no t b o u nd hims e lf a t all wh e r e as by t he pro sp e cts he had

, ,

h e ld o u t he had a llure d t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r a nd pl a c e d him

, ,

in r e l ati o n t o Turk e y in a d o ubtful p o siti o n which might e nabl e

t he c a bi ne t o f t he Tuil e ri e s t o bri ng fo rth o th e r pr e t e nsi o ns
u nt o uch e d in the tre aty .

I n t he m o nth o f J a nu a ry 1 80 8 a t o ne o f t he r e c e pti o ns o f
,

t he c o urt N ap o l e o n tri e d fo r t he first tim e t o t ak e adv a nt ag e

, , ,
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E I/V . 295

of th at situ ati o n H e we nt up t o M de T o lst o the n R ussi n

. .
‘ ‘

i,
1
a

a mb a ss a d o r t o o k him a sid e a nd in t he c o urs e o f a c o nv e rs ati n

, , , o ,

in which he c a ll e d a tt e nti o n t o t he gre a t adv a nt ag e s R ussi w a as

lik e ly t o d e rive fro m the p o ss e ssi o n o f Wa ll a chi a a nd M ld avi a o ,

ve nture d t o sp e ak i ncid e nt a lly o f the c o mp e ns ati o ns Fr nc e a

w a s t o o bt a i n a nd m e nti o ne d S il e si a as t he pr o vi n c e which
,

w o uld suit he r b e st O n this o cc asi o n as o n all th o s e wh e n he .

,

m e dit at e d s o m e fre sh aggrandis e m e nt he e mph asis e d his fe a rs ,

o f E ngl a nd s a mbiti o n th at c o u ntry he s a id re fus e d t o list n

’

: , , e

t o a ny pr o p o s a l o f p e a c e a nd o blig e d him t o re s o rt t o a ll t he ,

m e ans dict at e d by prud e nc e in o rd e r to re duc e t he p o we r o f all ,

t he c o u ntri e s with w hich th e r e w as s o m e r e as o n t o b e li e ve she

w s in l e agu e
a F o r t he pr e s e nt he a dd e d all pr o sp e cts o f a
.
, ,

p a rtiti o n o f the O tt o m an Empire must b e ab and o ne d b e ca us e , ,

t o m a k e a n a tt e mpt up o n Turk e y with o ut p o ss e ssi ng gre at e r ,

nav a l fa ciliti e s w o uld b e t o pl a c e o ne s m o st v a lu abl e p o ss e ssi o ns

’

a t t h e m e rcy o f Gr e a t Brit a i n M de T o lst o wh o s e duty it ''

. . i

w a s t o list e n a nd w ho b e sid e s w as h a rdly fit fo r a ny o th e r

, , , ,

re p o rt e d t o his s o ve re ig n t he hi nts thus give n him Th e s e we re .

r e ce ive d m o st u nfavo urably by t he Emp e ro r A l e x and e r w ho ,

rath e r sh a rply s a id t o t he Fre nch a mb a ss ad o r

,
I c a n h a rdly :
2 “

b e li e ve t he i nt e llige nc e c o nt a i ne d in T o lst o i s d e sp atch e s ; is it ‘ ’

i nt e nd e d t o t e ar up t he tre aty o f Tilsit ? I do no t u nd e rsta nd

t he e mp e r o r I t c a nno t b e th at he wish e s t o c aus e m e p e rs o nal
tro ubl e O n t he c o ntra ry it is i ndisp e ns abl e th at he sh o uld cl e a r
.
,

m e fr o m r e sp o nsibility in t he e ye s o f Eu ro p e by at o nc e pl a ci ng ,

Prussi a in the situ ati o n agre e d t o in t he tre aty This is re a lly a n .

a ff a ir o f h o no ur with m e
”
.

This i ncid e nt g ave ris e to c e rt ai n e xpl a nati o ns culmi nati ng ,

in a l e tt e r fr o m the Emp e r o r N ap o l e o n which r e a ch e d S t P e t e rs , .

burg ab o ut t he e nd o f Fe bru ary Th a t l e tt e r c o nt a i ne d

1 P i e rre
u nt T lst o i b r n in 1 76 9 s e rv d in th e rm y u nd e r the c m m nd
Co o o e a o a

A ft r Fri dl nd he w s e m pl o y e d in
, , ,

o f So ro ff nd b c m e g ne r l in 1 80 5
u va , a e a e a . e e a ,
a

n g ti ti r
e o is a nd in 1 80 7 h w s ch s e n
o , a s m b ss d r t P ris N p l o n sk d
,
e a o a a a a o a a . a o e a e
a nd b t i n d
o sh rt ti m e fte r his r c ll which w gr nt d I n 1 8 1 2 h c o m m nd e d
a e , a o a , e a , as a e .
, e a

t h m iliti
e in M sc o w
a nd s e rv e d in t h c m p ig ns f 1 8 1 3 nd 1 8 1 4 L t e r he
o ,
a e a a o a . a ,

b c am e th dir ct o r f t he m il it ry c l ni s m d t h c m p ig ns f P l nd in 1 83 4
e e e o a o o e a e e a a o o a

b c m e pre sid nt o f th e d p rt m e n t o f M il it ry A ff irs in th e C u ncil

, ,

e a e f th
e a a a o o e
E m pire he di d in 1 84 4 H w b r th e r o f the gr nd m rsh l C o u n t To lst i
''

e . e as a o a -
a a o .

G e ne r l C ul i nc urt D ue d V i nce
2 a a a o e ce
A l e tte r f F e b ru ry 2 1 80 8 Corr p ndan e d N p l n
.
,
3
o a t xvi p 49 8
, , es o c e a o eo . . . .
2 96 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

I st . implicit re nu nci ati o n o f ll pre t e nsi o ns t o S il e si a ;

The a

2 nd Fr e sh sugge sti o ns c o nc e r ni ng t he e v e n tu a l divisi o n o f t he

.

a gr e d p o rti o n o f Turkish t e rrit o ry ;

e
3 rd A pl an fo r c a rryi ng .

w a r i nt o I ndi a ; 4 t h A pro p o s a l e ith e r t o s e nd a r e sp o nsibl e

.
,

p e rs o n t o P a ris t o s e ttl e th e s e im po rt ant qu e sti o ns if the Cz a r ,

c o uld no t c o m e hims e lf o r t o a pp o i nt a suit abl e pl a c e wh e re

,

t he t w o s o v e r e ig ns c o uld m e e t .

I t m ay b e no tic e d th a t in his l e tt e r t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n

, , ,

whilst pro p o si ng a p a rtiti o n o f t he O tt o m an Empire m a d e no ,

m e nti o n o f t he m a nne r in which t he t e rrit o ri e s wre nch e d fro m

Turk e y w e re t o b e divid e d Thus with the e xc e pti o n o f the .
,

di ffi cul t y re l ative t o S il e si a which w as no w re m o ve d thi ngs , ,

r e m ai ne d in the s a m e u nce rt ai n st at e N e ve rth e l e ss the .

,

Emp e ro r A l e x and e r e xp e ri e nc e d so much re li e f a t b e i ng no

l o nge r o blig e d t o st and up in d e fe nc e o f t he priva t e i nt e re sts o f
t he Ki ng o f Prussi a th a t h e r e c e iv e d t he l e tt e r with t he utm o st
,

s atisfa cti o n and d e cid e d th e re and th e n t o h ave an i nt e rvi e w

,

with t he Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n t o wh o m he wro te t o th a t e ffe ct in

re ply .

This i nt e rvi e w w as s o ught by t he Emp e ro r o f R ussi a o nly

with the id e a a nd up o n the c o nditi o n th a t t he p a rtiti o n o f Turk e y ,

sh o uld b e s e ttl e d pre vi o usly and th a t t he o nly o bj e ct o f the ,

i nt e rvi e w sh o uld b e simply t o c o m e to a th o r o ugh u nd e rst andi ng

re sp e cti ng the m e ans t o b e a d o pt e d in c a rryi ng o u t t he s a id p a rti
ti o n and t o m a k e th e ir ra tific ti o n still m o re s o l e m n and bi ndi ng
,
a ,

by mutu a lly pl e dgi ng th e ir w o rd as m an t o m an th at e a ch ,

sh o uld c o nfo rm t o t he cl aus e s o f th a t a rrange m e nt M de . .

R o m anz o ff w as i nstruct e d t o o p e n ne g o ti ati o n s o n th o s e b as e s

1

with t he Fre nch a mb a ss a d o r M de C aul ai nc o urt , . .

I t is m o st imp o rt a nt t o i ndic at e h e r e in a ll th e ir e ss e nti a ls , ,

t he v a ri o us a rr a ng e m e nts a nd t he sp e ci a l i nt e nti o ns o f t he
Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n and o f t he C z a r A l e x and e r as a ls o th o s e o f
, ,

C o u n t R o m anz o ff as t he r e pr e s e nt a tiv e o f public o pi ni o n in

R ussi a .

1
Co u nt N ich o l b o rn in 1 75 0 w as the so n o f the fi eld m arsh al o f
as R o m anz o f
f, ,
-

th t n m e H e t first e nt e re d the dipl o m tic s e rvic e L t e r he b e c am e M i niste r

a a a a a

f C o m m e rc e and aft e rw ards M i nist e r f F r i gn A f f irs at the acc e ssi n f A l e x

. .
,

o , o o e a o o

a nd e r H e w as a w arm adv o c t e o f the F r e nch lli anc which le d to his b e i ng

. a a e,

o blig e d to r e sig n in 1 8 1 2 H e aft e rw ards live d in re tir e m e nt and di e d in 1 826

. .
2 98 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LLE YR A N D .

in t he c o urs e o f discussi o n he bro ught fo rth high e r pre t e nsi o ns

, ,

he m e re ly s e e m e d t o uph o ld t he pl a ns o f his mi nist e r a nd t o ,

yi e ld t o s o m e o ld R ussi a n id e a s he s e e m e d t o b e m o re in
fl u e nc e d by phil o s o phic al m a xims th a n by p o litic a l vi e ws “
It .

is m o re th a n e v e r t he c as e he re m a rk e d o ne day o f givi ng ,
”
,

t o t he pr o j e cts w e fo rm e d a t Tilsit t he lib e r a l app e a ra nc e ,

which sh o uld a lways m a rk the acts o f e nlight e ne d s o ve re ig ns .

The tim e s w e liv e in m o re th an p o litic a l ne c e ssity d o o m t he

, ,

Turks t o b e drive n b a ck t o A si a I t is a no bl e a cti o n th at .

o f riddi ng th o s e b e a utiful c o u ntri e s fr o m Turkish ig no r a n c e a nd

t yrannyi H um a nity r e quir e s th at th o s e b a rb ari ans sh o uld no

l o ng e r re m a i n in Euro p e C iviliz ati o n d e m ands it a nd so o n
. .

I r e p e at w o rd fo r w o rd wh at he s a id .

The Fr e nch a mb a ss a d o r a fa ithful a ge nt o f N a p o l e o n m ad e, ,

u se o f a ll his i nflu e n c e a nd d e xt e rity in g e tti ng t he R ussi a n

c abi ne t t o i ndic at e ho w fa r th e y c arri e d th e ir vi e ws a nd at e a ch ,

imp e ri al m e e ti ng he e x e rt e d hims e lf t o i ncre as e the i nfatu ati o n

,

fo r N a p o l e o n which p o ss e ss e d t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r so as t o ,

i nduc e t he l att e r t o ask fo r an i nt e rvi e w with N ap o l e o n as ,

b e i ng t he o nly m e a ns by which th e y c o uld a rrive a t a mutu al

u nd e rst andi ng Wh e n discussi ng with M de R o m anz o ff he
. .
,

skilfully c a m e t o t he p o i nt ; with t he C z a r he criticiz e d t he

pl ans o f M de R o m a n o ff but ne v e r i ntim at e d th o s e o f
. z ,

N ap o l e o n he re fus e d a ll but did no t ask a nyt hi ng Lik e t he , .

Emp e ro r A l e x and e r he w as o f O pi ni o n th at the re quire m e nts o f

,

t he tim e s w e r e i nd e e d r th e r imp e ra tiv e but a ffe ct e d t o b e fe a r

a ,

ful o f so v ast a n u nd e rt aki ng as th a t pro p o s e d by M de .

R o m anz o ff a nd w as e v e r c a lli ng a tt e nti o n t o di f

,
fi culti e s th a t
c o uld b e s o lve d o nly by t he s o ve re ig ns th e ms e lve s The v agu e .

ne ss o f A l e x a nd e r s id e a s le d him t o c o nfe ss t he truth o f th e s e

’

st at e m e nts and the i nt e rvi e w w as fix e d fo r S e pt e mb e r 2 7

, ,

1 80 8 .

c abi ne t o f t he Tuil e ri e s had d o ne all in th e ir p o we r to

The
rais e as m any i nci de nts as p o ssibl e U nk no w n t o R ussi a th e y .
,

g ve th e ir w o rd t o t he O tt o m a n P o rt e th a t t he a rmistic e with
a

R ussi a sh o uld be pr o l o ng e d The r e p o rt o f G e ne r a l S e b a sti a ni

.
1
,

1
H r c S b sti i b r
o a e e a an , o n in 17 7 2 ne a r B sti w s li e ut n nt
a a, a a e a in 1 g ne r l
7 89 , e a

of divisi o n in 1 80 5 , a m b a ss d o r
a at C o n an st ti no pl e in 1 80 6 wh re ,
e be di ti nguish e d
s
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 2 99

m ad e j ust a ft e r his v o y ag e in t he L e v a nt w as c o mmu nic at e d t o

’

t he R ussi an c abi ne t a nd t he c o ns e qu e n c e o f this c o m m u n ic a

ti o n w as to re nd e r pro bl e m a tic a l a ll th at had b e e n s aid a nd

writt e n re l ative to the divisi o n o f Turk e y o f wh o m the Fre nch ,

c abi ne t still sp o k e a s t he o ld a lly o f Fr anc e a nd fo r wh o m o n , ,

e v e ry o cc a si o n th e y displ ay e d s o m e s o rt o f i nt e r e st
,
S il e si a w as ;

no l o ng e r a llud e d t o but t he right t o d e l ay t he e v a cu a ti o n o f

,

R ussi a w as cl a im e d as a c o mp e ns ati o n fo r t he c e ssi o n o f t he t w o

pro vi nc e s .

Fro m this it is e a sily s e e n th at t he Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n fully ,

a ppr e ci ati ng t he str e ngth o f his p o siti o n a ft e r the tre aty o f

Tilsit w as anxi o us t o r e m o ve a ll pre t e xts fo r h o stiliti e s in
,

Euro p e u ntil such tim e as his d e sig ns o n S p ai n w e re ae c o m

p lish e d U n til
. th e n t he pr o j e ct o f a w a r in I ndi a a nd th at o f a
, ,

divisi o n o f t he O tt o m a n Empire s e e m e d lik e m e re ph ant o ms ,

i nt e nd e d t o o ccupy R ussi a s atte nti o n Thus duri ng the tim e ’

.
,

th at e l aps e d b e twe e n t he t w o i nt e rvi e ws o f Tilsit a nd Erfurt ,

a ll t he p o i nts th a t w e r e discuss e d in P a ris o r in S t P e t e rsburg .

m ad e no app a re nt pr o gre ss N o thi ng had b e e n d o ne Wh a t . .

t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r s a id t o t he a mb a ss a d o r o f Fr a nc e fi e d ays v

b e fo re his d e p arture fo r Erfurt he might h av e s a id fi e d ays ,

v

a ft e r t he d e p a rture fr o m Tilsit W e must c o m e t o t e rms .

“
,

a nd ac t in c o nc e rt in o rd e r t o o bt a i n mutu a l a dv a nt ag e s ; I
sh all e ve r r e m a i n tru e t o my wo rd fo r I h ave a lways d o ne so ,

wh a t I h av e s a id t o t he e mp e ro r a nd wh at he s a id to m e is as ,

s a cre d a nd bi ndi ng t o m e a s tre at i e s a nd so o n ,

The wo rds w e r e t he s a m e With the e xc e pti o n o f t he c o n .

qu e st o f Fi nl and o n the o ne h and a nd o f the i nva si o n o f S p i n

1
, a

o n t he o th e r t he situ a ti o n w as u na lt e r e d o n t he 2 7 t h o f S e p t m
, e

b e r 1 80 8 This did no t h o we v e r l e ad t o any r e m o nstranc e

.

w o rth m e nti o ni ng b e tw e e n t he re sp e ctiv e c abi ne ts Thus a t .

,

i s e lf b y his n rgy t the pp e r nce f the E nglish squ dro n in th B sph rus
h m e e a a a a o a e o o .

H w e l ct e d d puty u nde r t he R st r ti n ; w
as e e a e pp i nt d M i nist e r f e o a o as a o e o

F r ig n A f
o e f irs and m b ass d o r u nd e r L uis P hilipp e
a a nd M rsh l o f F r nc e in
a o ,
a a a a

1 840 H di e d in 1 85 1
e

I n acc o rd n c with th e tr ty o f Tilsit th C z r A l x nd r w s t d cl r w r

. .

1 a e o
ea e a e a e a e a e a
g i nst S w d n if th at p w r did no t br k ffwith E ngl nd S w d n h vi ng by
,

a a e e o e ea o a . e e a a
c nv e nti n d t d Fe bru ry 8 1 808 r e ne w e d h re l ti o ns with th c b i n t f L nd n
o o a e a
‘

er a e a e o o o
A l e x nd r b g n th e c m p ign b y i nv di ng F i nl nd Th tre ty f F i d i h h m
, , ,

a e e a a a a a e a o re rc s au

S pt m b r A cco rding to the tr aty S we de n j o i ne d

.
,

e e e 1 80 9 put n e nd t t h e w r , a o a . e ,

t he c o nt i ne nt l syst e m nd g v up F i nl and t o R ussi a

a a a e .
3 00 TH E M E IlI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

Erfurt t he two s o ve re ig ns c o uld be l o o k e d up o n as c o mi ng

,

dire ct fro m Tilsit .

The p a rt I h ad t a k e n in t he tre aty o f Tilsit ; t he m arks o f

sp e ci a l ki nd ne ss which t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r ha d sh o w n m e the
a nno y a nc e c a us e d t o t he Empe r o r N ap o l e o n by M de C h a m .

p ag ny w ho as H is M aj e sty hims e lf s a id displ aye d his z e a l e ve ry

, , ,

m o rni ng in o rd e r to b e fo rgive n his blu nd e rs o f t he day b e fo re

my i ntim a cy with M de Ca ul a i nc o urt wh o s e gre a t abiliti e s.
,

must in j ustic e b e a ck no wl e dg e d s o m e day ; we re the re as o ns

, ,

th at i nduc e d the e mp e ro r t o ap o l o giz e fo r h avi ng re pro ach e d

m e so vi o l e ntly fo r t he dis a ppro v a l I had d a r e d t o e xpr e ss o f
his d e sig ns o n S p a i n H e th e n pro p o s e d th a t I sh o uld fo ll o w
.

him t o Erfurt a nd p e rs o na lly c o nduct t he ne go ti a ti o ns t o b e

,

c a rri e d o n th e re with t he e xc e pti o n th at the tre aty lik e ly t o

, ,

r e sult fro m th o s e ne go ti ati o ns sh o uld b e signe d by his Mi nist e r ,

o f F o r e ig n A ff a irs I c o ns e nt e d t o this . The c o nfid e nc e which .

he displ ay e d in o u r fi rst i nt e rvi e w I l o o k e d up o n as a s o rt o f

a p o l o gy f o r his tr e a tm e nt o f m e H e ha d all t he d e sp atch e s .

o f M de C a ul a i nc o urt d e liv e re d t o m e
. I fo u nd th e m e v e rythi ng
th a t c o uld b e d e sire d I n a fe w h o urs he a cqu a i nt e d m e with all
.
,

t he ne g o ti ati o n s th a t had t ak e n pl a c e at S t P e t e rsburg a nd my .

s o l e o bj e ct w a s so t o ch e ck t he spirit o f e nt e rpris e th at it sh o uld

no t g e t t he upp e r h a nd at this si ngul a r i nt e rvi e w N ap o l e o n .

wish e d the l att e r t o b e v e ry brilli a nt I t w as his cust o m to sp e ak .

c o nti nu a lly t o th o s e ab o ut him o fthe o ne id e a w hic h p o sse sse d him .

I w as still gra nd ch a mb e rl a i n A t e v e ry m o m e nt h e summ o ne d .

,

m e t o his pr e s e nc e a s we ll a s G e ne r a l Dur o c gra nd m a rsh al o f

, ,

t he p a l a c e a nd M de R ém u sat w ho ha d t he m anag e m e nt o f
, .
,

t he pl a ys I wish my j o ur ne y t o b e bril li a nt
. h e r e p e at e d t o ,

us e ve ry day A t o ne o f his lu nche s wh e re w e we re all thre e

.
,

pre s e nt he ask e d m e w ho w e r e t he ch amb e rl a i ns o n duty

,
It .
“

s e e ms t o m e he s aid th a t w e h av e no t a ny ve ry a rist o cratic

,
”
,
“

na m e s ; I m ust h a v e s o m e The fa ct is th a t t he m e mb e rs o f .
,

t he a rist o cra cy a re t he o nly m e n w ho k no w ho w t o b e dig nifi e d

a t c o urt We must do j ustic e t o t he Fr e nch no bility Th e y a re
. .

a dmir a bl e in th a t r e sp e ct
”
.

S ir e yo u h a v e M de M o nt e squi o u
, . .

1 Th e C o m te P i rre
e de M o n t e squi o u -
Fe z ensac w as b o rn in 1 764. H e was an
 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N I) .

lu nch the ne xt day t he e mp e r o r had B azi nc o urt s e nt

At
fo r The l a tt e r a w a i t e d his M aj e sty s o rd e rs N a p o l e o n ha d ’
. .

t o ld M de R ém u sat G e ne ra l Duro c and mys e lf t o m e e t

.
, ,

D a inc o u rt th e r e
z .

Y o u h av e h e a rd th a t I a m g o i ng t o Erfurt ?
“

Y e s y o ur M aj e sty
”
.
,

I sh o uld lik e t he C o m e di c F ra nga ise t o c o m e

’
.

W o uld it b e to pl ay c o m e di e s and trag e di e s

I o nly w a nt trag e di e s O u r c o m e di e s w uld b e o f no u se
. o .

Th e y wo uld no t u nd e rst a nd th e m acro ss the R hi ne .

Y o ur M aj e sty wo uld u nd o ubt e dly wish fo r a brilli ant

“

Y e s, m o st b e autiful pi e c e
o ur .

S ir e w e c o uld h av e A tha lie r e pre s e nt e d

, .

A tha lie fi e o n it H e r e is a m an w ho d o e s no t u nd e rst and

m e A m I g o i ng t o Erfurt t o put s o m e J o ash in th o s e G e rm a ns
’
.

h e ads ? A tha lie ’ H o w silly o f yo u ! My d e a r D a inc o u rt

. z ,

e no ugh o f this ! T e ll y o ur b e st trage di a ns th at th e y must

pre p a re t o go t o Erfurt a nd I sh al l give yo u i nstructi o ns as
,

t o t he day o f o u r d e p a rtur e and t he pi e c e s th a t sh a ll b e

pl ay e d H o w stupid th o s e o ld p e o pl e are ! A tha lie i nd e e d I
.
,

but th e n it is my fault ; why c o nsult th e m ? I sh o uld no t

c o nsult a ny o ne S till if he had m e nti o ne d Cinna Th at
.
,
.

is a v e ry i nt e re sti ng pl ay e sp e ci a lly the sc e ne o f m e rcy , ,

which is a lways go o d Th o ugh I k ne w ne arly all Cinna by

.

h e a rt ye t I ne v e r c o uld d e cl aim w e ll R ém u sat a re no t t he

,
.
,

fo ll o wi ng li ne s in Cinna P

To u s ce s cri m e s d E tat q u o n fa it p o u r la c o ur o nne

’ ’

L e ci e l no u s e n a b so ut lorsou il n o u s la d o nne
’ ’ 1
.

Cinna , A c t V .
,
S c e ne I I .

I a m no t sure if I r e p e a t t he ve rs e c o rre ctly

—
.

S ir e it is
,
in Cinn a but I b e li e v e
,
t h a t it is A lo rs q u il no u s
’

”
la do nne .

Wh at a re t he fo ll o wi ng li ne s T ak e a Co r ne ill e .

1
A ll t h s f ul d ds
o e o ee to s e cure a cro w n ,

I l e av e ii c o nd o n e s t h m wh n this it g i v s us
e , e e .
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W
S ire , it is no t n e e c ss ary ; I r e m e mb e r th e m
L e cie l no u s e n a bso u t, a lo rs gu il no u s la do nne ;
’

' ’
E t da ns le sacre ra ng o u sa fa v e u r l a m is,
’

'
L e p asse dev ie n t j u ste e t l a v e nir p erm is
’
.

Q ui
p e u t’ y pa rv e nir ne pe u t etre co up a ble ’
Q u oi gu il az t fa it o u f
'

a sse , il est in v io la ble 1

.

Th at is c apit al and e sp e ci a lly fo r th o s e G e rm ans who a lways

,

stick t o t he s a m e id e a s nd w ho still sp e ak o f the d e ath o f ,

a

t he D u e d E ng h ie n
’
Th ir mi nds must b e e nl arge d I do no t
. e .

say th a t f o r t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r S uch thi ngs h av e no e ffe ct .

up o n a R ussi an but it is a go o d thi ng fo r m e n with m e l anch o ly

id e a s lik e t he G e rm a ns a nd G e rm any is full o f such W e sh a ll ,
.
,

th e n h ave Cinna re pr e s e nt e d th at will do fo r the fi rst day

, : .

R ém u sa t yo u will l o o k up t he tr a g e di e s th a t c an b e giv e n t he
,

fo ll o wi ng d ays a nd yo u will r e p o rt t o m e b e fo re m a ki ng a ny
,

fi na l arra nge m e nts .

”

S ir e d o e s no t y o ur M aj e sty d e sir e th at a fe w g o o d a ct o rs
,

b e l e ft in P a ris
Y e s—substitut e s W e must t a k e a ll t he g o o d o ne s I t will
. .

do no h a rm t o h av e t o o m a ny
”
.

The o rd e r t o b e pr e s e nt a t Erfurt fo r S e pt e mb e r 2 2 w as s e nt ,

i mm e di at e ly t o S a i nt Prix T a lm L a fo nt D a m as D e spres ,
a, , , ,

L ac av e V a re nne s D a in o u rt M a d e m o is e ll e R auc o urt M m e

, ,
z c , ,
.

T a lm a Mdll e B o urgo i n Mdll e D u c he sno is Mdll e Gr o s Mdll e

,
.
,
.
, .
, .

R o s e D upuis a nd Mdll e P at ra t ,
.
?

1
H v c d s th m wh this it giv s us
ea en on o ne e , en e

A d i t h s cr d r k b t i d fr m i f v ur
n n e a e an o a ne o ts a o
A ll p st d ds b c m l giti m t d futur
,

a ee s p r m itt de o e e a e an e o ne e e .

r e c h it c nno t b e h ld guilty
H e w ho c an a , a e

W h t v r th s d ds m y b e r h v b n he is i nvi l bl
a e e o e ee a o a e ee ,
o a e .

Th e y w r g ive n b f re th ir d e p rtur e t h list o f the pi e c e s th t w r e t b

2
e e e o e a e a e o e

pl y d The first
a e . w h v e lr dy m e nti n d w s Cin n
,
as e th en A nd m q
a a ea o e ,
a a. ro a u e,
B rz ta n n ic u s, Z a ire, M ith rida te, E dip e, I p hige n ie e n A u lide , P hédre , L a M ort dc
'

Cesa r, L es H ora ces, R odogu n e, M a hom et, R a da m iste , L e Cid, M a n liu s, B aj az et

’

( P rince Ta lleyra nd ) .

S om e of e e a th s c f us
a e be om e rtists h v
am o first g th
Th e with ut
am o n e m w as, o .

d u t l
o b , T a m a ( 1 66
7 st c l br t d
th e m o e e t gic ct rs
a e o f o u r ra is w ll k w
a o It e no n .

th t p l
a N a o e o n w as v ry f d
e on h ur d
o fhim , and o no with his pr t cti duri g
e him o e on n
his r ig
e n i rr
. f r t r d
P e e L a o n, b o n in 1 7 7 5 , e n e e r is
t h e Th éfit re F anca in 1 800 , and
c t st d with l
on e e first pl c
Ta m a fo r the xc ll d qu lly tr g dy
a e He e e e e a c dy
in a e and o m e

A ft rw rds c S t rix wh s r l
. .

e a am e P , uc ult
o e e a nam e w as F o d his
a He ma e de bu t in 1 7 82 , .
’

a nd pl y d succ ss i v ly
a e e e y u th tr
a t t he F e de a ea dé
e , at t he Ofi lly o n, and na a t th e
Théfitre F ran gais in 1 80 3 A gst m on ctr ss s
the a e st k w
e , th e b e
. th no n o f e m are
Me e m o e e R a o
sd is ll s uc urt and D u che sno is fr r d first pp r c
The o m e m a e h e r a e a an e .
3 04 TH E M E I ld OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

j o urne y h avi ng b e e n a nno u nce d in the M onite u r e ve ry

The ,
1

o ne tri e d t o b e o f t he p arty The e mp e r o r s t w o a id e s de c a mp

’
- -
.
,

S av a ry a nd L a urist o n we r e ch o s e n fi rst Th e milit a ry r e ti n u e ,

2
.

w as t o b e v e ry brilli ant Th e e mp e r o r wish e d t o b e a cc o mp ani e d .

by th o s e li e ut e nants wh o s e na m e s ha d c a us e d m ost e xcit e

m e nt in G e rm a ny First M a rsh a l S o ult M a rsh a l D avo ust .
, , ,

M a rsh a l L anne s t he Pri nc e de N e ufchat e l M arsh a l M o rti e r , , ,

M a rsh a l O u dino t G e ne ra l S uch e t G e ne ra l B o y e r G e ne ra l N a n , , ,

so u t y G e ne ra l C la p arede G e ne ra l S t L a ure nt M F a i n a nd
3
, ,
4
.
,
5
.
6

M de M éne v al Th e s e t w o l a st privat e s e cre t a ri e s o f t he

. .
7
,

e mp e r o r re ce ive d as did M D aru M de Ch amp ag ny and 8

. .
, , , ,

on st ge in 1 7 7 2 and m e t with the m o st brilli nt succ ss she w s l o ng i m pris ne d

th e a ,
a e : a o

u nd r th Te rr o r
e S h di d n 1 8 1 5
e nd he r f n r l g v ris e t ri o t us sc e ne s in
e e i a u e a a e o o

S i nt R o ch s church M d m o is ll e D hesno is e nte re d the l h eatre Frang s in

.
,
’
a . a e e uc ai

1 80 2 nd s o n r s e t o the f re m o st r ank as a tr ag ed i n
,
a o o o a .

1
The f fi ci l g z e tt e o a a .

J acqu e s Be rn rd L w M rquis de L urist o n w as b o rn at P o ndich e ry in 1 7 5 8

2 a a , a a , , .

H e w s t h gr nds o n o f the fam o us fi n nci e r o f the R e g e ncy

a e a H e e nlist e d in t he a .

a rtill ry in 1 7 9 3 b c m e c l n l in 1 795 nd id de c m p to B o n p rt brig di e r

e ,
e a o o e , a a e- -
a a a e, a

g e n r l in 1 800 H e was at di ff re nt ti m s ch rge d with dipl m tic m issi o ns I n

e a e e a o a

n m e d am b ss d o r t S t P e t e rsburg
. .
, ,

1 8 1 1 he w as aH e re m i n d in r tire m e n t duri ng a a a a e e

t h e H u ndr d D ys w as p ee r u nd e r th e R e st o r ti o n th e n m i nist e r o f the ki ng s h us

. .
,
’
e a , a ,
o e

h ld m arsh al ih 1 8 23 gr nd m ast r f the hu nt nd m i nist e r o f st t e H e di e d in

o , , a e o , a a .

1 82 8 .

ti e ne C h m pi o n c o m t e de N anso ty b o rn in 1 768 o f hu m bl e f m ily o f

3 E a u a a

Burgu ndy w as in 1 789 c pt ai n in the L uzu n H uss rs H s e rve d in ll the

, ,

,
a a a . e a

c m p igns o f the R e v luti n and o f the E m pir e b e c m e g ne r l f divisi o n in

a a o o , a e a o

1 80 3 nd h d ( o n s e v r l o cca si ns ) i m p o rt an t c o m m n ds
,
a a n t he c av lry e a In o a i a .

1 804 he w as
, pp o i nt e d first ch m b e rl i n to the e m pr ss ; th n first e qu e rry to
a a a e e

m p e ro r H e di e d i n 1 8 1 5 H e had m rri e d V rg nne s ni e c e

’
t he e . a e e .

e c mt C lap réd b r n in 1 7 7 4 s e rv e d in t he r m y o f th e R public

4 Th o e a nd e, o , a e ,
a

w s chi f o f b tt ali n in 1 7 9 8
a e Brig di e r ge n r l in 1 804 he t o o k p art in ll the
a o . a -
e a ,
a

w ars o f his ti m e ; he disti nguish d hi m s e lf in 1 809 H w as pp i nt e d u nde r the e . e

’
a o ,

R e st rati o n g e n r l i nsp e ct o o f i nf ntry and p e r o f F r n c e

o e a H e di e d in 1 84 1
-
r a e a
5 L uis S t
.
, .

o L ur e nt b o rn in 1 7 6 3 w as o f . fi c r o f rtill e ry in 1 7 89 b c am e
a , , e a , e

g e ne r l o f divisi o n in 1 80 7 b ro n o f the E m pir in 1 8 1 0 H e l e ft the arm y in

a , a e .

t h t s m e y e r nd di e d in 1 83 2
a a a a .

6 F
r nc is F i n bo rn in 1 778 e nt e re d the ad m i nistrati o n in 1 794 and fo r
a o a , , ,

tw e lv ye rs w s e ngag e d in su ndry e m pl ym e nts in th o ffic e s f the c o nv nti on l

e a a o e o e a

c o m m it e e s th e n in th s o f th D ire cto ry and f the S tate S cre t ry I n 1 805 he

t ,
o e e o
'

e a .
,

b e c m e priv t e s e cre t ry o f the e m p e r r H b e c m e b ro n o f the E m pire and

a a a o . e a a

m itr de r q ét in 1 809
a e sH e fo ll o w e d N ap l e o n in all his c m p ig ns
e u es H e liv d . o a a . e

in r e tir e m e nt u nd e r the R st o r ti o n I n 1 8 3 0 he w s pp i nt e d priv t e se cre t ary e a . a a o a

d m i nistr t o r o f the civil list nd c o u ncill o r o f S t at e I n 1 83 4 he was

,

o f th ki ng e ,
a a a .
,

e l e ct d t o t he C h m b r o fD putie s
e H e di d i n 1 83 7 a e e . e .

7 F
ranco is de M éne l b rn n 1 7 78 w as t first s e cr e t ry t J o s e ph B o n p art e va , o i ,
a a o a

H e e nt r d N ap o l e n s s e rv i c e a s cr e t ary n ffic e which b e r e t i ne d

’
in 1 802 . e e o s e , a o a

u ntil 1 8 1 5 I n 1 8 1 2 he b e c m e b ro n o f the E m pir nd m itre d s r q ir s

.
,
a a e a a e e u e .

H e has l e ft hi st o ric l m e m o irs o n N p o l e o n nd M ari e L o uis e ( thre e o ct av o

a a a

v o lu m s ) e .

3
The C o m t e D aru b rn in 1 7 6 7 w as li e ut n nt in th e rtill ry ; ft rw rds o e a a e a e a

c o m m iss ri t ffi r A re st d in 1 7 9 3 he r m i n d in pris n u ntil Th r m id r 9

, ,

a a -
o ce . r e e a e o e o .

I n 1 796 he b c am e com m i , ire ord n n te r th e n aft r Bru m ire 1 8 i nsp e ct r o f

e ssa -
o a u ,
e ,
a ,
o
3 06 I DLLLI EYYL4 AWD .

be p e rfe ctly fre e fo r t he re st I sh all h e lp yo u a nd t he p restige

.
,

sh all no t b e l acki ng I was t wo d ys with o ut s e e i ng him

. In a .

his imp ati e nc e he had writt e n wh at he wish e d t he a rticl e s t o

c o nt ai n a nd s e nt t he no t e t o m e re qu e sti ng th at I sh o uld bri ng ,

th e m t o him draw n up as s o o n as p o ssibl e I did no t m ak e , .

him wait and a fe w h o urs l at e r I we nt to him with the proj e ct e d

,

tre aty draw n up as he had i ndic at e d .

I t ran as fo ll o ws

H is M aj e sty t he Emp e r o r o f the Fr e nch & c and his , .

,

M aj e sty t he C z a r o f a ll t he R ussi a s & c wishi ng t o re nd e r ,

.
,

m o re a nd m o re bi ndi ng and durabl e t he a lli a nc e which u nit e s ,

th e m a nd re s e rvi ng t o th e ms e lve s t o e nd e avo ur t o c o m e t o a n

,

agr e e m e nt as s o o n as p o ssibl e o n t he ne w m e ans a nd

, ,

m e th o ds o f dire cti ng a n att a ck up o n E ngl a nd the c o mm o n ,

e ne my o f th e ms e lve s a nd o f t he C o nti ne nt h ave re s o lve d t o ,

se t d o w n in a sp e ci a l c o nve nti o n t he p rinciples th e y h ave

d e te rmi ne d t o fo ll o w—[H e re t he Emp e ro r i nt e rrupte d m e a nd
s a id P rinciples is go o d it is no t bi ndi ng a nd which will
,
“
,

dire ct th e m in all th e ir st e ps t o wa rds t he re st o rati o n o f p e a c e .

Th e y h ave th e re fo re to th at e ffe ct na m e d fo r th e ir p le ni
, ,

p o t e nti ari e s & c ,

w ho h ave agr e e d
. t o t he fo ll o wi ng
a rticl e s
“
A rt I H is M aj e sty t he Emp e r o r o f t he Fr e nch a nd his
. .
-

M aj e sty the C z a r o f R ussi a c o nfirm a nd in c a s e o f ne e d will , ,

re ne w t he a lli a nc e agre e d up o n b e twe e n th e m at Tilsit no t o nly ,

bi ndi ng th e ms e lve s t o m ak e no tr e ati e s o f p e a ce wi t h t he

,

c o mm o n e ne my but a ls o no t t o e nt e r i nt o any ne go ti at i o ns
with he r—no r t o list e n t o a ny pro p o siti o ns but by c o mm o n
,

c o ns e nt .

“
A rt I I R e s o lv e d t o re m a i n cl o s e ly u nit e d in p e a c e a nd
. .
-

in w ar t he high c o ntra cti ng p a rti e s a gre e t o a pp o i nt p le ni

,

p o t e nti ari e s t o tr e a t fo r p e ace with E ngl a nd a nd t o s e nd th e m ,

i nt o such c o nti ne nt a l t o w n as E ngl and m ay i ndic at e

A rt I I I —I n t he c o urs e o f t he ne go t iat io n if it sh o uld t a k e
.

“
.
,

pl a c e t he re sp e ctive pl e nipo te nti ari e s o f t he t wo high c o n

,

t r acti ng p a rti e s will a c t i nv a ri bly in t he m o st p e rfe ct a cc o rd a nd

a ,

it will no t b e p e rmitt e d t o e ith e r o f th e m t o a cc e pt o r a ppr o ve , ,

a g ai nst t he a dvic e o f t he o th e r a n
y pr o p o siti o n o r d e m a nd o f
,

t he E nglish pl e nip o t e nti ary

A rt I V —The t w o high c o ntr a cti ng p a rti e s agre e no t t o
.

“
. .

re ce ive o n t he p a rt o f the e ne my duri ng t he wh o l e o f t he ,

ne go ti ati o ns a ny pro p o siti o n o f

,
fe r o r c o mmu nic at i o n wh at e v e r
,
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E I/V .
3 07

with o ut l e tti ng it at o nc e be k no w n t o the re sp e ctive p le ni

p o t e nt i ari e s
A rt V —I t will b e pr o p o s e d t o E ngl and t o tre at all qu e s
.

“
. .

ti o ns p e ndi ng o n t he b a sis o f t he u t i p s id t is i ncludi ng S p ai n

,
os e ,

a nd t he c o nditi o n s ine q u a no n which t he high c o ntr a cti n g p a rti e s

agr e e ne v e r t o d e p art fr o m will b e th a t E ngl and re c o g niz e o n ,

t he o ne h a nd t he u ni o n o f W a ll a chi a and M o ld avi a a nd o f

, ,

Fi nl a nd wi t h the R ussi an Empire and o n t he o th e r J o s e ph , , ,

N ap o l e o n B o nap art e as Ki ng o f S p a i n a nd t he I ndi e s .

“
A rt V I — The O tt o m an P o rt e h avi ng e xp e ri e n c e d si nc e the
. .

tre aty o f Tilsit m any ch ange s a nd re vo luti o ns which s e e m no t t o

l e ave t o it any p o ssibili ty t o give a nd d o e s no t c o ns e qu e ntly l e ave , , ,

a ny h o p e o f o bt a i n i ng fr o m it suffici e nt gu a rant e e s fo r the ,

r e sp e ct o f the liv e s and pro p e rti e s o f the i nh abi t ants o fW a llac h ia

and M o ld avi a his M aj e sty t he C z a r o f R ussi a ,
w ho si nc e t he , ,

s a id tre ty has co ntra cte d t o wa rds th e m sp e ci a l e ng ge m e nts

a ,
a ,

a nd w ho as a c o ns e qu e n c e o f t he s a id r e v o luti o ns
,
-
has b e e n ,

i nvo lve d in e no rm o us e xp e ns e s t o pro t e ct th o s e pro vi nc e s b e i ng ,

fo r th o s e m o tiv e s r e s o lv e d no t t o r e li nquish th e m t he m o r e so ,

as th e ir p o ss e ssi o n c a n a l o ne giv e his e mpir e its na tur a l a nd

ne c e ss a ry b o u nd a ry his M aj e sty t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n w ill ,

not opp ose a s fa r a s he is c o n c e r n e d th e ir b e i ng a nne x e d t o t he

, ,

R ussi a n Empir e A nd H is s a id M aj e sty fo r e g o e s t he m e di ati o n

.

o ff e r e d by him a nd a cc e pt e d by R ussi a in t he tr e aty o f Tilsit

”
.
,

( will
“
I no t h ave this a rticl e it is t o o p o sitive N e ve r , .

t he le ss S ir e ne s oppose ra p o int is c e rt a i nly o ne o f t he e xpre ssi o ns

’
, , ,

which bi nd t he l e ast ; b e sid e s t he fo ll o wi ng a rticl e is a gr e at ,

c o rre ctive ) ”

—N e ve rth e l e ss his M aj e sty the Emp r r f ll t he

A rt V I I . . e o o a

R ussi s will limit hims e lf f r t h pr s e nt t o c o nti nu

a in t he ,
o e e ,
e , as

p ast t o ccupy Wall chi nd M ld vi a l e avi ng v rythi ng o n

,
o a a a o a ,
e e

th e s am f ti ng a it is t o d y nd will pr p s t
e oo p n s -
a ,
a o o e o o e

e ith r in C nst nti n pl

e r in n isl nd o f t he D anub e a nd
o a o e, o a a ,

u nd r the m e di ti n f Fr nc n go ti ti ns in vi e w o f o bt ai n
e a o o a e, -
e a o ,

ing p c fully t he c e ssi n

ea e f tho s t wo pr vi nce s Th o s e o o e o .

ne g ti ti n s h w v r will b e o p e n d o n ly wh e n t he ne g o ti ti o ns
o a o , o e e , e a

with E ngl nd sh ll h v had an issu in rd e r no t t o give ris e t

a a a e e, o o

n w discussi o ns which m ay d e l ay t he p e a c
”
e e .

Th at a rticl e is go o d ; with my m e di ati o n I re m ai n t he

(
“
,

m aste r and the pre ce di ng articl e will p e rpl e x A ustri a my tru e

, ,

e ne my Y o ur e ne my S ire a t pre s e nt p e rh aps but at h e art

.
, , , ,

X 2
 3 08 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

he r p o licy is no t in o pp o siti o n t o th at o f Franc e ; she is no t

a ggr e ssiv e but c o ns e rvativ e My d e a r T a ll e yrand I k no w ”
.
, ,

th at this is yo ur o pi ni o n ; we will sp e a k o f th at wh e n t he
S p anish busi ne ss is

A rt . VI I I .
— H is M aj e sty
Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n will ac t t he
c o nj o i ntly wi t h his M aj e s t y t he C z ar o fR ussi a in o rd e r to o bt ai n ,

fro m the O tt o m a n P o rt e a n a mic abl e c e ssi o n A ll t he no t e s o f a nd .

,

a ll t he st e ps t a k e n by t he t w o a lli e d c o urts in o rd e r t o r e ach this

, ,

e n d will b e m a d e in c o nju n cti o n a nd in t he s a m e spirit

, .

“
A rt I X — I n c as e a r e fus a l fr o m t he O tt o m an P o rt e le d
. .

t o a re ne w a l o f t he h o stili t i e s a nd t o t he c o nti nu a ti o n o f t he
w a r t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n w o uld t a k e no p a rt in it a nd will c o n
, ,

fi ne hims e lf t o h e lp R ussi a by his g o o d o ffic e s But if it sh o uld .

h app e n th at A us t ri a o r a ny o th e r p o we r m ad e c o mm o n c aus e
wi t h t he O tt o m n P o rt e in t he s a id w r his M aj e sty t he Emp e ro r
a a ,

N apo l e o n will a t o nc e m ak e c o mm n c aus e with R ussi a b e i ng o ,

o blig e d t o r e ga rd this c a s e a s b e i ng th a t o f t he g e ne r a l a lli a nc e

which bi nds t he tw o e mpire s .

”

( Th a t
“
a rticl e is i n suffici e nt ; it d o e s no tquit e c o nve y my
id e a N e ve rth e l e ss pro c e e d I will t e ll
.
, , yo u wh a t yo u must
a dd to

A rt X — The high c o ntr a cti ng p a rti e s

. . gre e b e sid e s to a ,

m a i nt a i n the i nt e grity o f t he o th e r p o ss e ssi o ns

o f t he O tt o m a n

Empire no t wishi ng t o d e cid e o r to u nd e rt a k e o f t h e ms e lve s

, , ,

a nythi ng wi t h r e g a rd t o th e m no r t o suff
e r th a t a nythi ng b e ,

u nd e rt a k e n by wh o ms o e ve r wi t h o ut the ir h avi ng pre vi o usly

a gr e e d up o n it

A rt X I —
.

I n t he ne g o ti a ti o ns with E ngl and his M aj e sty t he

. .
,

Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n will supp o rt R ussi a s cl im t o o bt a i n t he ’

a

r c o g niti o n o f W a ll a chi a a nd M o ld avi a as pro vi nc e s f t he

e o

R ussi a n Empir e wh e th e r t he O tt o m n P o rt e has c o ns e nt e d t o it

,
a

o r no t .

“
A rt . X II — In re tur n
re li nquishm e nt m ad e by t he fo r t he
Emp e ro r N a p o l e o n in t he ab o ve a rticl e his M aj e sty t he C z a r ,

A l e x and e r d e sists fro m t he e v e ntu a l e ng ag e m e nt t a k e n t o w a rds

him by the fi fth o fthe s e cre t a rticl e s o f the tre aty o f Tilsit a nd ,

t he s a id a rticl e r e m ai ns n ull a nd v o id

Th at is a b o ut all I h ave s a id t o yo u ; l e ave m e this dra ft ,

I will a rra ng e it W e must a dd t o o ne o f t he l ast a rticl e s t o

.
,

th at o ne wh e re I st o pp e d yo u th at in c as e A ustri a g ave any .

, ,
3 10 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

a nd his re ti nu e The Emp e ro r o f R ussi a arrive d th e re with t he .

Gra nd Duk e C o nst a nti n C o u nt R o m an o ff C o u nt To lsto r grand ,

z ,
’

m a rsh al G e ne ra l T o lst o i a mb ass ad o r t o Fra nc e Pri nc e Wo l

,
'

, ,

k o nsk i Co u nt O s aro w sk i Pri nc e Tro ub e t z k o Co u nt O u wa ro ff? 1 ''

,
z ,
i,

Co u nt S c ho u w alo ff Pri nc e G ag a ri n M S p e ransk i M L ab e nsk i ,

3
, .
, .
,

H e rr B e thm ann G e ne r a l H it ro ff S t at e Co u ncill o rs G e rv a is a nd

, ,

C re ide m ann H e rr vo n S chrod e r Pri nc e L eo p o ld o f S a x e

, ,

C o burg I thi nk th at I h av e m e nti o ne d th e r e a lm o st all th o s e

.
4

w ho had t he h o no ur t o a cc o mp a ny t he C z a r A l e x and e r He .

w as e xp e ct e d a day l at e r th an t he Emp e r o r N ap o l e o n h avi ng ,

t o st o p twe nty fo ur h o urs a t W e im a r -

.

A ch a mb e rl a i n o f t he Ki ng o f S ax o ny has j ust t o ld m e
th at his m ast e r wo uld sl e e p a t Erfurt o n the 2 5 t h a nd th at ,

he w as fo ll o we d by C o u nt v o n B o s e c abi ne t mi nist e r Co u nt 5
, ,

M arc o linis m a st e r o f the h o rs e B ar o n vo n Fu nck B a ro n v o n

7
, ,

G u t sc hm idt M aj o r Thi e l e m ann C h a mb e rl ai n v o n G abl e nz

, , ,

H e rr v o n M a rx hansk y and by H e rr v o n S ch onb e rg M de . .

B o u rgo ing mi nist e r o f Fr anc e at Dr e sd e n a ls o had p e rmissi o n

8
, ,

t o fo ll o w the ki ng .

1
u nt A d am o f A lk cant r O sz ar wsk i d e sc e nd e d fro m n o ld P o li sh fam ily
Co a a o a

H e w as the C z r A l x and r s id e d c am p
,

alli d t o R ussi
’
e a . a e e a -
e- .

2 C o u n t T h e o d r e O w ar f f c o m m nd r in chi e f f the i m p ri l gu rd nd first

o u o a e - -
o e a a a
,

a id e d c m p ge n r l to the C z ar H e had b e e n o ne o f the c nspir t o rs w h ssas

-
e- a e a . o a o a

sinat d t h e C z r P aul e a .

3 G e ne r l C o u nt S cho w lo fa f ( 1 775 aid e de cam p to th e mper r u He a - -

e o .

h e ld i m p o rtant c m m nds in ll th w rs o f th at ti m e I n 1 8 1 4 he w as o ne o fthe

o a a e a .
,

c o mm issi o n rs ch rg d t cc m p ny N ap l o n to Fréj s
e a e o a o a o e u

P ii nc e L p o ld f S x e C burg S aa f ld b o rn in 1 7 90 so n o f F rancis D uk e
.

4
eo o a -
o e

of S x
, , ,

a C o burg and o f C ro li ne C o u nt e ss f R e uss e nt r d the R ussi n r m y quit e

e
-
, a , o , e e a a

y o u ng with the gr d e fge ne ral I n 1 8 1 0 he w as o blig d to l e ve the R ussi an s rvic

a o .
,
e a e e

to o b y th i nju ncti ns o f N p o l e o n
e e e nt e r d t he r nks in 1 8 1 3
o s e v d in the a , t e- e a ,
r e

c m p ig ns o f G rm ny and F r nc e nd e nt re d P ris with the alli d s ve re ig ns in

a a e a a ,
a e a e o

1 8 1 4 nd in 1 8 1 5
a I n t he fo ll wi ng y e r he m rri e d the P ri nc e ss C h rl tt e the
. o a ,
a a o ,

grand d aught r f Ki ng G rg e I I I nd h e ire ss t the C r w n L p o ld w as

-
e o eo . a o o . eo

n tur liz d E nglish b ut t he pri nc e ss di e d in th

a a e f llo wi ng y e r I n 1 83 0 he w as
, e o a .
,

e l e ct d Ki ng o f th e B e lgi ns
e Tw o y e rs l t e r he m rri e d th e P ri nc e ss L o uis e a . a a , a

d o rl ns th ld e st d ught f Ki ng L o uis P hilipp e H e di d in 1 865

’
ea
'
e e a er o -
. e

F re d e rick W illi m C o un t o n B s e ( 1 7 5 3 1 80 9 ) w as m i nist e r o fS x ny at S t o ck

, .

5
a , v o -
a o

h o l m th e n m arsh l o f the c o urt t D re sde n nd gr nd ch m b e rl i n I n 1 806 he

a a a a a a

sig ne d p e ac e with N p o l o n and b c am e M i nist e r o f F o r e ig n A ff irs

.
, , ,

a e e a .

3
C un t M c o lini ( 1 7 3 9 1 8 1 4 ) w s gr and ch m b e rl i n and m st e r o f the h o rs e
o ar -
a a a a

to th Ki ng f S x o ny
e H e b e c m e m i nist e r o f st t in 1 80 9
o a . H e w as d v o t e d t o a a e . e

the F r nch lli nc e t o which he r e m i n d f ithful u ntil his d e th

e a a a e a a .

B ar n o n F u nck a S ax o n g e ne r l ( 1 7 6 1
,
7
o v t o o k n ctive p rt in the w ar
, a a a a

o f 1 80 6 I n 1 8 1 2 h e s e rv e d in o r rank s in t he c m p ig n o f R ussia at the h e ad o f u a a ,

;

the S ax o n c
.
,

hy I n 1 8 1 3 he w as e m pl o y e d o n v ri u s dipl o m tic m issi o ns and

ava
'
.
,
a o a ,

was m i nist e r at L o nd n in 1 8 1 8 o

J ean Franc o is B aron de Bourgoing b o rn in 1 748 at N e ve rs was at first an o ffi ce r

.

3
'

-
, , ,
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W: 311

i nt e re sti ng t o k no w no w t he nam e s o f the im

I t m ay b e
p o rt ant p e rs o nage s w ho fro m tim e t o tim e a rrive d at Erfurt , , .
1

The Duk e o f S a x e G o th a? a cc o mp a ni e d by B a r o n v o n Th iim m e l -

,

H e rr v o n S tud nitz H e rr v o n Z ige sar B a ro ns H e rd a and Wa n , ,

ge nh e im and by H e rr vo n H o ff ; t he Duk e o f S ax e W e im a r
,
3 -

with the h e re dit a ry pri nc e B a ro n v o n Egl o ffst e i n B a ro n E in ,

4
,
5

si e d e l H e rr G o e th e a nd H e rr Wi e l and b o th o f who m w e re
, ,
6
,

i ntim at e c o u ns e ll o rs o f W e im ar ; the Duk e o f O ld e nburg with ,

7

B a ro n v o n H a mm e rst e i n? and B a ro n v o n G a ll ; the Duke o f

M e ckl e nburg S chwe ri n the h e r e dit a ry pri nc e o f M e ckl e nburg
-

,
9

S tre litz t he Pri nc e o f D e ss a u

,
10
t he pri n c e s v o n W a ld e ck H e ss e ,
11
,

H o mburg R e uss G re it z R e uss E b e rsdo rff R e uss L o b e nst e i n

,
-

,
-
,
-

,
1

and th e n s cre t ry o fe m b ssy I n 1 787 he b e c m e m i nist e r o fF ranc e t H m burg

e a a .
, a a a ,

th e n t M drid a nd w s in 1 7 9 5 ch rg e d t o n e g ti at e the p
a ce at B s l
a a a o ea a e

M i nist r t C o p nh ge n th e n t S t o ckh l m u nd e r the C o nsul t e he b e c am e l t e r n

.
, ,

e a e a a o a a o

m i nist r t o S x ny
, , , ,

e nd di d in 1 8 1 1
a o , a e .

1
I n the l o ng e nu m r ti n th t is b o ut t fo ll o w a gr e t nu m b e r o f p e rs o nag e s
e a o a a o ,
a

wh h av l e ft n trac e in hist ry
o e nd n wh m w
o h v e no t b e e n bl e to pr cure o , a o o e a a o
a ny i nf r m ti n o re m nti n d
a W e h v e fur nish e d p rticul ars nly o f the m o st
o a e o e a a o

i m p o rt nt am o ng th e m A s fo r the s o v e r ig n pri nc e s w no tice d o nly th o s e who

, .

a . e ,
e ,

by th e ir f m o r by th e ir f m ily lli anc s d s e rv d sp e ci l m nti o n

a e a a e e e a e .

A ugustus D uk o f S x G tha nd A lt nburg ( 1 7 72

,
2
, m e m b e r o f the C o n
e a e- o a e

fe d r ti n o f the R hi ne ( D e c e m b e r 1 5
e a o

K rl v n H ff ( 1 77 1 S e cr t ry f m b ssy in the s rvic e o f the D uk e

,
3 a o o e a o e a e

of S x — a G th nd ft rw rds A ulic C o u ncill o r and st t e m i nist e r H has l e ft

e o a, a a e a a . e

nu m r us b o o ks
e o n p o litics nd hist ry o a o

K rl A ugustus o f S xe W i m r ( 1 75 7
.

4
a m m b e r o f the C nfe d e rati n o f a -
e a e o o

the R hi ne ( D c e m b e r 1 5 H is o n P rinc e C h rl s F re d e rick m rri e d the

e , s ,
a e -
,
a

P ri nc ss M ri e d ught e r o f t he C z r P ul
a e, a a a

A ugustus B r n n E gl o ffst i n ( 1 7 7 1
.

5
Of
a o fi c r in the s e rvic e o f P russi
vo e e a,

the n o f the D uk f S x W e i m r I n 1 80 7 h b c m e g n r l o f b rig d nd o m

,

e o a e- a e e a e e a a e a c

m nd r f the S x n tr ps in the s rvic e f F r nc e in A ustri a S p i n and R ussi a

.
,

a e o a o oo e o a , a , ,
,

a nd duri ng t he si e g e o f D anzig
6
C hrist p he r M rti n W i l nd b rn in 1 7 3 3 b c am in 1 79 2 th e pre c e pt o r o f th e
o -
a e a , o , e e
P ri nc s f W e i m r th e n i nti m t c u ns e ll r
e o He w
a a m mb r
,
f th c de m y f a e o o . as e e o e a a o

th t t w n which th n i nclud d th m st disti nguish d m e n nd the m o st illustrio us

a o , e e e o e a

sa va n t in G e rm ny
s H e h s l e ft m any w o rks i ncludi ng p o e m s no v e ls c o m e di s & c
a . a , , e , .
,

H e di d in 1 8 1 3
e .

7 P
t e r F re de rick P ri nc e o f L ub ck r g nt f the duchy o f O ld e nburg in the
e e e e o
H is s n h ir pr su m ptive to the duchy m arri e d the Gr nd
, , ,

n mea f his c usi n

o o . o ,
e e ,
a

duch ss C th ri n d ught e r o f th C z r P ul
e a e e, a e a a
H ns D tl f b ron f H m m e rst i n ( 1 768
.

8
a e e m i nist e r a f the D uk e o f o a e o

L t r h w nt to H no v r
,

O ld nb urg
e . nd b c m e m e m b e r o f t he priv t e c o un cil
a e e e a e , a e a a
o f w r nd pl e nip t nti ry t o th D i t f F r n kfo rt
a , a o e a e e o a
F r d rick F r nc is D uk e f M ckl e nb urg S chw e ri n b o rn in 1 7 5 6 H is so n
.

9
e e a o o e -

m arri d the Gr nd duch ss H e l e n

.
, ,

e d ught e r f the C z ar P ul By a s b s que nt

a -
e a, a o -
a u e
m arri ge h h d d ught r t h P ri nc e ss H l e n
.

who m rri e d the D ue d O rle ans

’
a e a a a e e e a, a .
,
1°
G rg Fre d rick b o rn in 1 77 9 succ e de d his f th e r 1 8 1 6 H e w as bro th e r to
eo e e e a
L o uis e Q u e e n o f P russi
.
, ,

, a.
11
L e p o ld P ri nc e o n A nh al t D ss u ( 1 740 1 8 1 7 ) o ne o f the m o st f ithful alli e s o f
o , v -
e a -
a
F r nc e m m b r fth C o nfe d e r ti n fth R hi ne
a , e e o e a o o e .

12
The h us e o f R e u ss was divid e d int o fo ur r e igni ng br nch e s the C re itz E b e rs
o a , ,
3 12 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

t he Duch ss S xe e Pri nc e o f S chwa rz

of a -
H ildburg h a us e n,1 t he
burg R ud o lst adt? with H e rr v n K e tte lhu t t H e rr v o n W e iss e
-
o ,

an d H e rr v o n Gl e ich e n ; t he Pri nc e a nd Pri nc e ss o f T o ur a nd

T a xis with H e rr v o n L e ik a m t he Pri nc e o f H e ss e R o th e nburg

3 -

t he Pri nc e o f H o h e n z o ll e r n S igm a ri ng e n with t he Pri nc e o f -

,
4

R e uss S chl e iz a nd M aj o r v o n F a lk e nst e i n t he Duk e Willi a m

-

o f B av a ri a t he pri nc e prim at e ( Furst vo n D a lb e rg) t o wh o m -

5
, ,

e a ch i nh abit a nt o f t he t o w n r e a dily o f fe re d l o dgi ng a c c o m m o

d ati o n ; he had b e e n go ve r no r o f th at t o wn a nd w as b e l o ve d
by all : t he Pri nc e o f H o h e nz o ll e r n H e chi nge n with t he -

,
6

h e re dit ary pri nc e ; H e rr v o n H Ov e l H e rr v o n B a u e r ; t he he ,

re dita ry Pri nc e o f B a d e n with t he Pri nc e ss S t eph a ni e N a p o léo n ; 7

,

Fra u v o n V e nni ng e n a nd M ll e de B o urj o lly BarOn v o n D a lb e rg .

,

mi niste r o f B ad e n at P a ris t he Pri nc e o f R e uss X L I t he

8
, .
,

h e re dit a ry Pri nc e o f D a rmst adt C o u nt v o n K e ll e r Pri nce 0

,
9
,
1

d rfof L b st i d S chl iz
o A ll th s p i c h d j i d th C f d r ti fth
en e n, an e e e r n es a o ne e on e e a on o e

( A pri l
, .

R hi ne
M m b r f th C f d r ti
1
e efth R hi ( D c mb r 5
o e on e e a on o e ne e e e 1

( A pril
,

M m b r f th C f d r ti
2
e ef h R hi o e on e e a on o t e ne
C h rl s A l x d r P ri c
3 a f T ur
e d T xis b r ie 77 P rivy C u cill r f
an e n e o o an a o n n 1 0, o n o o

th A ustri
, ,

e E m pir H w angr d m st r f th I m p ri l p st ffi c s
e . p st e as an -
a e o e e a o o e , a o

which w h ld i his f m ily si c 6 95 H m rri d i 7 73 th P ri c ss Th r s

as e n a n e 1 e a e n 1 e n e e e a,
d ught r f th Gr d D uk f M ckl burg S tr litz
.
,

a e o e an e o e en -
e

A t i P ri c f H h z ll r S igm ri g b r i 76 m m b r f th C
.

4
n o ne , n e o o en o e n -
a n e n, o n n 1 2, e e o e on

f d r ti
e e a f t h R hi ( J uly
on o Th pri c s f th di ff r t b r ch s f
e ne 1 2, e n e o e e en an e o
t h h use f H h z ll r
o h vi g bdic t d i f v ur f th b ch f h h us f
e o o en o e n, a n a a e n a o o e ra n o t e o e o
H h z ll r Br d b urg which ccupi d th thr
o en o e n- an f P russi
en th Ki g f , o e e o ne o a, e n o

P russi ssu m d th s v r ign ty fth s pri ncip liti s

a a e e o e e o e e a e .

5
C h rl s P ri n c f D l b rg b r n in 1 744 t o k h ly o rd rs nd b c m in 1 7 7 2
a e ,
e o a e ,
o , o o e a e a e, ,

i ntim t e c u ns e ll o r o f the E l ct o r f M y nce th e n g ve r n r o f E rfurt c djut o r

a o e o a e o o oa

f the A rchbish p f M y n c e t wh m h succ e d d in 1 80 2

, ,

o o o H e w s ft rw rds
a e ,
o o e e e . a a e a

n m d A r h ch n e ll r o f t he e m pir e
a e c I n 1 80 6 h h d t r sig n this dig nity w
a c o in .
,
e a o e as

c o m p e ns ti n n m e d b y N p o l e n pri nc e pri m t e o f the C o nf d rati n fthe R hi ne

a o a a o -
a e e o o ,

pri nc e s o v e re ign o fR ti b nne Gr nd D uk e o fFuld e and o fH n u H e di e d in 1 8 1 7

,
-
a s o a a a .

M e m b e r o fth C o nf d r ti o n o fth R hi ne ( J uly 1 2

.
,
3
e e e a e

C h arl e s L o uis F r e d e rick h r e dit ry pri n c e o f B d n m rri d S t e ph ni e T sch e r

,
7 a
e a a e a e a

de la P ag e ri e c o usi n f the E m pr ss J s e phi ne

, ,

, n ad o pt e d d ught e r
o f N p le n e o ,
a a o a o o .

H e b e c am e Gr nd D uk e in 1 8 1 1 and di e d 1 8 1 8 a H e w s m m b e r o f t h e C o nf d e r . a e e a

ti o n o fth R hi ne e

E m e ric J o s ph B r o n
.

3
n D alb rg b rn in 1 7 7 3
-
e , e n t e r e d th
a dipl m cy invo e ,
o ,
e o a

t he s e rvic e o f the pri n c pri m t his u ncl I n 1 80 3 he b c m e m i nist r f B d n

e a e, e . e a e o a e

a t P aris F ro m th at ti m e d t e s his c nn cti n with M de T ll yr nd I n 1 80 9 he

a o e o a e a

b e c m e M i nist r o f F o re ig n A f
.
. .
,

a f irs o f B d n but did no t r li nquish his situ ti o n in

e a a e , e a

P ris a The s m e y e r h w s n tur liz e d F r e nch w s cr e t e d D uk e by N p l e o n

. a a ,
e a a a , a a a o

a nd c o u ncill o r o f st t with n e nd w m n t f f ur m illi ns

a e I n 1 8 1 4 he b c m e a o e o o o .
, e a

m e m b e r o f th pro vis o ry g v e rnm e nt aft rw rds p e r o f F r nc e nd st t e m i ni st e r

e o ,
e a e a a a

in 1 8 1 5 H e di d in the y e ar 1 8 1 7
. e .

9
H e w as the so n o f P ri nc L uis who t k t h t itl e f gr nd duk e o n j o i ni ng e o oo e o a

t he C o nfe d e r ti o n o f t he R hi ne ( J uly 1 2
,

a H e succ e e d e d his f t h e r in 1 83 0 ,
a ,

nd ab dic t e d in 1 840
a a .

L o uis C hrist o ph e r C o u nt vo n K e ll e r ( 1 75 7
1°
w s first c ham b rl i n nd
,
a e a a
3 14 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

The mp e ro r e nt e re d Erfurt S e pt e mb e r 2 7 1 80 8 at t e n
e , , ,

AM . A n imm e ns e cro wd surr o u nd e d t he av e nu e s l e adi ng t o t he

p al ac e Eve ry o ne wish e d t o se e a nd w o uld appro a ch him w ho
.

disp e ns e d all : thro ne s mis e ry fe ars and h o p e s A ugustus , , , .

,

L o uis X I V a nd N ap o l e o n a re t he m e n o n wh o m m o st prais e s
.

hav e b e e n b e st o w e d Tim e s a nd t a l e nt g ave di ffe r e nt fo rms

.

t o th e s e pra is e s but th e y we re in re ality t he s am e thi ng My , , .

duti e s a s grand ch a mb e rl ai n e nabl e d m e t o se e t he fo rc e d simu ,

l at e d o r e v e n si nc e re h o m age which w as re nd e re d t o N ap o l e o n
, ,

m o re th an I c o uld h av e d o ne o th e rwis e and g ave it pro p o rti o ns ,

which app e are d t o m e m o nstro us N e ve r did b as e ne ss displ ay .

so much g e nius it sugge st e d t he id e a o f h avi ng a hu nt o n the

ve ry gro u nd wh e re t he e mp e ro r had ga i ne d t he fa m o us b attl e
o f J e na A sl aught e r o f wild b o ars and b e asts w a s th e r e t o
.

re mi nd the vict o r o f the succ e ss o f this b attl e I h ave o fte n .

re m ark e d th at the m o re r e s e ntm e nt p e o pl e w e re j usti fi e d in

fe e li ng agai nst t he e mp e ro r the m o re th e y smil e d at his go o d
fo rtu ne which th e y s a id w as H e ave n s will
, , ,
’
.

I am i n cli ne d t o b e li e ve th at fl att e ry p o ss e ss e s s e cre ts with

which pri nc e s a l o ne — no t th o s e who h av e l o st th e ir thro ne s but
, ,

th o s e w ho s ubj e ct e d th e ir cro w ns to s o m e e ve r thre at e ni ng -

pro t e ct o rat e — a re a cqu a i nt e d

,
th e y k no w skilfully ho w t o m ak e
u se o f th e m wh e n pl a c e d in t he pr e s e nc e o f t he p o w e r which
,

rul e s o ve r a nd c o uld o v e rthro w the m I h ave h e ard t he fo ll o wi ng .

li ne o f I k no w no t wh at wre tch e d tragic pl ay qu o t e d

, ,

’ '
’ ” 1
Tu n a s su gu obe ir, t u sem is nu tyra n .

h ave no t m e t with a si ngl e pri nc e a t Erfurt

I ,
to wh o m I
sh o uld no t h ave b e e n m o re j ustifi e d in s ayi ng :

Tu
’
n a s su
qu e rég ner; tu se ra is nu escla v e .

It is ea sy
u nd e rst and this Mighty s o ve r e ig ns wish th e ir
to .

c o urts t o c o nve y t he id e a o f t he imp o rt anc e o f th e ir p o w e r O n .

t he c o ntra ry p e tty pri nc e s wish th e irs t o disguis e t he na rr o w

,

limits o f th e ir rul e Eve rythi ng m ag ni fi e s o r ra th e r swe lls

.
, ,

ab o ut a p e tty s o v e r e ig n e tiqu e tt e re gard a nd fl att e ry ; t he

: , ,

l att e r is t he st and ard o f his gre at ne ss ; he ne v e r thi nks it

1
Yo u w o uld b e tyr nt s e e i ng that you h v e o nly k no w n ho w to o b y
a a , a e
2
Yo u w o uld be a sl ave se e i ng th at yo u h v e o nly kno w n ho w to re ig n
, a .
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 315

e x agge rat e d This w ay o fj udgi ng thi ngs b ec o m e s quit e natural

.

t o him a nd is no t a lt e r e d by t he vicissitud e s o f fo rtu ne

,
Thus .
,

if vict o ry bri ngs i nt o his d o mi ni o ns i nt o his ve ry p a l a ce a m an , ,

b e fo re wh o m he c an hims e lf b e but a c o urti e r he will st o o p in , ,

t he pr e s e nc e o f his vict o r as lo w as h e wish e d his o w n subj e cts ,

t o do b e fo r e hims e l f H e c a nno t c o nc e iv e a ny o th e r fo rm o f
.

fl att e ry A t p o we rful c o urts th e y k no w a no th e r m e ans o f ra isi ng

.
,

th e ms e lve s it is to bo w p e tty pri nc e s o nly k no w ho w t o crawl ,

a nd r e m a i n cra wli ng u ntil fo rtu ne c o m e s t o r a is e th e m I did .

no t se e at Erfurt a si ngl e h a nd no bly str o ki ng t he li o n s m a ne

!

’
.

A ft e r th e s e sc a thi ng r e m a rks illustr ati o n s o f which I r e fr a i n ,

fro m givi ng I am h appy t o re sum e my subj e ct O n S e pt e mb e r

, .

2 8 ne ws c a m e o f t he a rriv a l o f t he Emp e r o r A l e x and e r w ho

, ,

had b e e n sp e ndi ng t he night at W e im a r N ap o l e o n fo ll o we d .

,

by his aid e de c a mp a nd by his g e ne rals in full dr e ss r o d e up t o

- -
,

m e e t him Wh e n withi n sight o f e a ch o th e r t he t wo s o ve re ig ns

.
,

rush e d t o e a ch o th e r s a rms in t he m o st fri e ndly fa shi o n a ft e r

’

which N ap o l e o n le d t he Emp e ro r A l e x and e r t o t he re sid e nc e

pre p a re d fo r him a nd h avi ng c a r e fully a sc e rt ai ne d th a t the C z ar
,

w as pr o vid e d with e v e rythi ng he ne e d e d t o o k l e av e o f him , .

I w as in t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n s p a l a c e awa iti ng his r e tur n

’
.
,

H e s e e m e d v e ry pl e a s e d with t he fi rst impr e ssi o ns o f his

j o urne y and he t o ld m e th a t he augure d w e ll o f it but th t
, ,
a

no thi ng sh o uld b e hurri e d W e a re so gl a d t o se e e a ch o th e r .

a ga i n he s a id l a ughi ng ; th a t w e must be a ll o we d t o e nj o y
” “
, ,

th at fe e li ng a littl e H e had sc a rc e ly fi n ish e d dr e ssi ng wh e n

.
”

t he C z a r a rriv e d a nd I w as i ntr o duc e d t o him H e is an o ld “

.
,

a cqu ai nt anc e s aid the Emp e ro r o f R ussi a I a m d e light e d t o

”
,

se e him a g a i n I h o p e d he w o uld b e o f o u r p a rty

. I w a nt e d .

t o r e tir e but as N ap o l e o n wish e d t o avo id c o nve rsi ng o n a ny

,

s e ri o us subj e ct a nd w as o nly t o o gl a d th a t I sh o uld be th e r

,
e,

he d e sire d m e t o st a y The t w o s o v e r e ig ns c o nv e rs e d with

.

t he m o st liv e ly i nt e r e st o n i nsig nific ant fa mily m att e rs Th e .

Empre ss Eliz ab e th w as the fi rst t o pic o f c o nve rs a ti o n Th n .

1
e

it tur ne d o n the Empre ss J o s e phi ne a nd the n o n t he Grand ,

1
Lo uise E lizab e th d aught e r o f C h arl e s L o uis h e re dit ary pri n ce o f B d n nd f
-
a e a o

A m e li a f H e s se D armst adt b o rn j n 1 7 7 9 M arri e d in 1 793 to A l e x nde r futur e

, ,

o -
a ,
, .
,

C z ar o f R ussi a .
3 16 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

Duch ss e a nd t he Pri nc e ss B o rgh e s e ? & c

A nne ,1 H a d t he tim e .

o f a fi rst visit p e rmitt e d th e re pr o b ably w o uld h ave b e e n a ,

w o rd a b o ut t he h e a lth o f Ca rdi na l F e sch The two s o ve re ig ns .

,

fe e li ng quit e c o mfo rt abl e as t o t he st a te in which th e y had l e ft

th e ir re sp e ctive fa mili e s s e p a rat e d N ap o l e o n sh o we d t he C z a r , .

t o t he st a irs a nd I t he Emp e r o r o f R ussi a t o his c a rri a g e

, .

Whil e w a lki ng t o g e th e r t he l a tt e r s aid t o m e s e ve ra l tim e s ,

a nd th a t with a n e xpre ssi o n th at pro ve d

“ ”
N ou s n u s ve rr ns o o ,
3
,

th a t M de Ca ul a i nc o urt w ho ha d m e t him o n his a rriva l ha d

.
, ,

t o ld him th a t I k ne w wh at w as g o i ng t o h app e n I th e n w e nt .

up to t he e mp e ro r w ho s aid t o m e : I h av e m o difi e d the dra ft

,
“

o f t he tr e a ty I a m t aki ng m o r e pr e c auti o ns a g ai nst A ustri a I

will sh o w it yo u — H e did no t e nt e r i nt o any m o re p articul a rs
.
”
.

The C z a r s e e ms t o m e disp o s e d t o do a nythi ng I wish I f he .

sp e aks t o yo u o n t he subj e ct t e ll him th at I a t fi rst i nte nd e d ,

t he ne g o ti a ti o n t o b e m a d e b e twe e n C o u n t R o m an o ff a nd z

y o urs e lf but th at I h av e ch ange d my mi nd a nd th at my c o n

, ,

fi de nc e in him is such th a t I thi n k it b e tt e r fo r e v e rythi ng t o

p ass b e twe e n o urs e lve s Wh e n t he c o nve nti o n is s e ttl e d t he .
,

mi niste rs will sig n it R e m e mb e r th o ugh in e ve rythi ng yo u .

, ,

sa
y th a
, t a ny d e l a y will b e us e ful t o m e T h e l a ngu a g e o f .

a ll t he ki ngs ab o ut t o m e e t h e r e will b e submissiv e th e y fe a r

me . B e fo re discussi ng t he re al o bj e ct o f this m e e ti ng I wish ,

t he Emp e r o r o f R ussi a t o b e d a zzl e d by t he sight o f my p o w e r .

F o r th e re is no ne g o ti ati o n th a t it c o uld fail t o r e nd e r e a si e r

”
.

O n r e tur ni ng h o m e I fo u nd a no t e fr o m t he Pri nc e ss o f ,

T o ur a nd T a xis i nfo rmi ng m e o f he r a rriva l I imm e di at e ly

, .

w e nt to he r I t a ffo rd e d m e much pl e a sure t o se e he r a ga i n

.
,

s h e w a s such a n e xc e ll e nt l a dy S h e t o ld m e she had c o m e t o .

Erfurt t o ask the Cz ar t o u se in he r favo ur his i nflu e nc e o ve r , ,

1
A
d ught e r fth C z r P ul nd o fS phi a D ro thy P ri nc ss o fWurte m b e rg
nne , a o e a a a o o ,
e ,

b o rn in 1 795 m rri e d in 1 8 1 6 t Willi m P ri nc e o f O range wh in 1 840 b e cam e

,
a , , o a ,
o

Ki ng o f t he N e th rl ands e

M ri P auli ne B o n p rt e s c o nd sist e r o f the e m p e ro r b o rn t Aj cci in

.

a e- a a ,
e ,
a a o

1 7 80 ; she m rri d in 1 80 1 aG n r l L cl e rc wh di d at S n D m i ngo in 1 80 2 I n

e , e e a e , o e a -
o .

1 80 3 she m arri d the P i nc e B o rgh e s

, e t he h e d o f n fth m st illustri o us f m ili s
r e, a o e o e o a e

o f th e R o m n no b ility The P ri nc e ss P uli n s br th e r h d cre t e d h r D uch e ss o f

’
a . a e o a a e

Gu st ll a in 1 80 6 but this c o u ntry w sh rtly aft r i nc rp o r t e d with th ki ngd o m

a a , as o e o a e

o f I t ly a I n 1 8 1 4 she acc m p n i e d th e m p r r t o the I sl n d o f E lba and in the

.
, o a e e o a , ,

f ll o wi ng y e ar w nt t R m e wh e re she di e d in 1 825
o , e o o , .

3
W e will se e e ach o th e r .
”
3 18 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

o ve r his lu nch H e re ce ive d visit o rs with wh o m he willi ngly

.

ch att e d th e n fo ll o we d s o m e visits t o the public e st ablishm e nts

o f t he c o u ntry fr o m wh e nc e he we nt t o m anoe uvre s o utsid e the
,

t o w n at which the C z a r and t he Grand Duk e ne ve r fail e d t o

,

m e e t him Th e n o nly su ffici e nt tim e re m ai ne d to dre ss fo r

.
,

di nne r which w as succ e e d e d by the pl ay which t o o k up the

, ,

r e st o f the day .

I h av e k no w n m any o f th o s e dej e une rs t o l ast m o r e th an t wo

h o urs To th e m N ap o l e o n ge ne rally bid the e mi ne nt and
.
,

re m ark abl e m e n who h ad c o m e t o Erfurt t o se e him Ev e ry .

m o rni ng he p e rus e d with much i nt e re st t he list o f ne w a rriva ls

, , , .

O ne day h avi ng no tic e d t he na m e o f H e rr G o e th e a m o ng t he

,

numb e r o f ne wly a rriv e d visit o rs he s e nt fo r him

-
, .

M o nsi e ur G o e th e he s aid t o him o n s e e i ng him I am

“
’
,
”
,
“

”
de light e d t o se e
yo u .

S ir e , I th at wh e n yo ur M aj e sty trav e ls yo u do no t
se e ,

ne gl e ct t o no tic e e ve n t he m o st i nsig ni fi c a nt p e rs o n s .

I k no w yo u are G e rm a ny s first dra m atic p o e t

’ ”
.

S ir e yo u wr o ng o u r c o u ntry w e a re u nd e r t he impr e ssi o n

,
-

w e h av e o u r gr e at m e n S chill e r L e ssi ng a nd Wi e l a nd are sur e ly

.
, ,

k no wn t o y o ur M aj e sty .

“
I c o nfe ss I h ardly k no w th e m H o w e v e r I h av e r e a d .
,

L a G u e rre de Tre nte A ns? a nd th at I b e g y o ur p a rd o n , ,

s e e m e d t o m e to fur nish dram atic subj e cts o nly w o rthy o f

o u r b o ul e v a rds .

S ir e I do no t k no w y o ur b o ul e v a rds but I supp o s e th a t

, ,

p o pul ar pl ays are give n th e re I a m s o rry t o h e a r yo u j udge so .

s e ve re ly o ne o f t he gre at e st ge nius e s o f m o d e r n tim e s .

”

“
Y o u g e ne r a lly liv e in W e im ar it is t he pl a c e wh e re the m o st
c e l e brat e d m e n o f G e rm a n lit e rature m e e t
S ir e th e y e nj o y gre at pro t e cti o n th e r e ; but fo r t he pr e s e nt
, , ,

th e re is o nly o ne m an in W e im a r who is k no w n thro ugh o ut

Euro p e it is Wi e l and .
”

“
I sh o uld b e d e light e d t o se e M o nsi e ur Wi e l and
I f y o ur M aj e sty will a ll o w m e t o ask him I fe e l c e rt a i n ,

th at he will c o m e h e re imm e di at e ly .
”

1
G hi ht d
esc c d i ig/i / g
e es [( i g
re ssS chill r chi f d l st hist ric l w rk
z zn en r e es, e
’
s e an a o a o .

I t was publish e d in 1 79 2 . Tra nsla t or .

)
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W
.
3 19

D o e s he sp e ak Fr ch en 1

H e k no ws it and has c o rr e ct e d s e ve r a l Fr e nch tr ansl a ti o ns

,

o f his w o rks
”
.

Whil e yo u a re h e re yo u must go e ve ry night t o o u r

“
,

pl ays I t will no t do yo u a ny h a rm t o se e g o o d Fre nch

.

trage di e s .

I ll go willi ngly
“
I must c o nfe ss t o y o ur M aj e sty th a t it
’
.

w as my i nt e nti o n fo r I h av e tr ansl at e d o r r ath e r imit at e d s o m e

, , ,

Fre nch pi e c e s .
”

Which o ne s ?
“

M a hom et a nd Ta ncréde .

sh all ask R ém u sat if he has any act o rs h e re t o pl ay th e m

I .

I sh o uld b e v e ry gl ad fo r yo u t o se e th e m r e pr e s e nt e d in o u r
l angu ag e Y o u are no t as strict as w e are in th e atric a l rul e s
. .
”

S ir e u nity with us is no t so e ss e n ti a l
“ ”
.
,

H o w do yo u fi nd o u r s o j o ur n h e r e
V e ry brilli ant sir e a nd I h o p e it will b e us e ful t o o u r , ,

c o u ntry .
”

A re y o ur p e o pl e h appy ?
“

Th e y h o p e t o be so s o o n .

M o nsi e ur G o e th e yo u o ught t o re m ai n with us duri ng t he ,

wh o l e o fo u r st ay and writ e y o ur impre ssi o ns o f the grand sight

w e are o ffe ri ng
”
.

A h ! sir e it w o uld r e quire t he pe n o f s o m e gr e at writ e r o f

,

a ntiquity t o u nd e rt a k e such a t a sk
”
.

A re yo u a n a dmire r o f T a citus
“

Y e s sir e I admir e him much

”
.
, ,

W e ll I d o n t ; but w e sh all t a lk o f th at ano th e r tim e

,
’
.

Writ e and t e ll M o nsi e ur Wi e l a nd to c o m e h e re I sh a ll re tur n .

his visit at W e im a r wh e re t he du ke has i nvit e d m e I ll be v e ry , .

’

gl a d t o se e the duch e ss she is a l ady w o rthy o f much e st e e m .

The duk e w as tr o ubl e s o m e e no ugh fo r s o m e tim e But he has , .

b e e n pu nish e d .
” 1

S ir e tr o ubl e s o m e th o ugh he m ay h av e b e e n t he pu nishm e nt

“
, ,

w as a littl e s e v e r e But I am no t a j udge o f such thi ngs ; he.

1
Gr d D uk e o f S x W i m r h d t k e n P russi s p rt in 1 806 H is
The an a e -
e a a a a
’
a

tr o ps w re lite r lly crush e d t J n and his c pit l which was o n the line f re tre at
.

o e a , a e a, a a , o
o fth e P ru ss i an r m y was d e v ast t e d by the pursu e rs
a , a .
3 20 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

pro t e cts lit e ra ture and sci e nc e s a nd w e h av e no thi ng t o say ,

a g i n st him but r athe r e ve rythi ng in his fav o ur ”

a ,
.

M o nsi e ur G o e th e c o m e t o night t o Iph gen ie ; it is a g o o d ,

-
i
’

pi e ce I t is no t h o we ve r o ne o f my favo urit e s but the Fre nch

.
, , ,

thi nk a go o d d e a l o f it Y o u will se e in my pit a gre at numb e r .

o f s o v e r e ig n s D o yo u k no w t he Pri n c e Prim at e ?
.

Y e s sire ; a lm o st i ntim a t e ly
,
H e is v e ry cl e v e r v e ry w e ll .
,

i nfo rm e d a nd v e ry g e ne r o us
,
.
”

W e ll yo u will se e him t o night fast a sl e e p o n t he

, ,
-
,

sh o uld e r o f t he Ki ng o f W u rte m b e rg H ave yo u a lre ady s e e n .

t he C z a r ?
N o sire ne ve r but I h o p e t o b e i ntro duc e d t o him
, ,
.

H e sp e a ks y o ur l angu ag e ; sh o uld yo u writ e a nythi ng o n

t he Erfurt i nt e rvi e w yo u m ust d e dic a t e it t o him
”
.
,

S ire it is no t my h abit t o do so
,
Wh e n I first c o mm e nc e d .

t o writ e I m ad e it a pri ncipl e n e v e r t o d e dic at e a nythi ng t o a ny

,

o ne in o rd e r th a t I sh o uld ne v e r r e p e nt it .

The gre a t writ e rs o f L o uis t he F o urt e e nth s tim e we re no t

’

o f y o ur o pi ni o n
”
.

But y o ur M aj e sty c anno t b e sure th e y ne ve r re p e nt e d d o i ng

wh at th e y did .

Wh at ha s b e c o m e o f th a t sc o u ndre l K o tz e bue ,
1

S ire th e y say he is in S ib e ri a a nd th at y o ur M aj e sty

,

will s o licit his p a rd o n fro m the C z a r .

”

But he is no t t he m an fo r m e .
”

S ir e he has b e e n v e ry u n fo rtu na t e a nd is a m a n o f gre a t

, ,

t al e nt .
”

G o o d bye M o nsi e ur G o e th e-
,
.

I fo ll o w e d H e rr G o e th e t o i nvit e him t o di ne with m e On .

c o mi ng h o m e I wro t e this fi rst c o nv e rs ati o n and whil e at

, , ,

di nne r I a sc e rt a i ne d by diffe re nt qu e sti o ns I put t o him th at

, , ,

1
Augustus K o tz e bu e b o rn in 1 76 1 at We i m r e nt re d the R ussi an s e rvice
von a e

nd b c am e se cr t ry t o t h e g o v e r nm nt o f S t P e t rs b urg and P r e sid nt fJ ustic e

, , , ,

a e e a e e e o

H e w as arr e st d and tr nsp rt d to S i b e ri in 1 80 0 as th e uth r f

.
,

in E s t h ni o a . e a o e a , a o o

lib e ls g i nst th C z ar P ul ; he re turn d in the fo ll o wi ng ye r and w as app i nt e d

a a e a e a o

A ulic c u ncill r H e c m e aft e rw ards to P ris whe re he rem i ne d fr m 1 80 2 t

,

o o a a a o o

A ft r the b ttl e o fJe n he fl d to R ussi wh re he circul t e d p m phl ts fa

.
,

1 80 6 . e a a, e a, e a a e o

vi o l nt n tur e g i nst F r nc e nd N p l n I n 1 8 1 3 he w as o ne o fth p m o t rs

e a a a a a a o eo .
,
e ro e

o f t h nati o nal i nsurre cti o n o f G rm ny b t h ch ng d his c l o urs in 1 8 1 5

e nd
e a u e a e o a

f the m o st ar d nt p litic l d e fe nd e rs o f t he H o ly A lli nc e

, ,

b c m
e a n e o e o e H e wa o a a . s

ass si n t e d in 1 8 1 9
as a .
3 22 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE FR A N O .

which w as t o a ro us e u nc e asi ng a m a z e m e nt in all who appro ach e d

him T a lm a h ad re c e ive d o rd e rs t o d e live r sl o wly t he fo ll o wi ng
.

fi ne p ass ag e

L h nn
’
p rl il ffi t
o e ur n t lh n a r cl e, su ,
c c so os o a es .

Le s di e ux so nt de no s j o ur s le s m aitre s so u ve r ai ns ,

M ai s se ig ne ur no tr e gl o ir e e st d an s n o s pr o pr e s m ai ns
, , ,

P o ur q u o i n o u s t o u rm e nt e r de l e ur s o rdr e s su pr em e s ?
N e so n g e o n s qu a n o u s r e n dr e i m m o rt e l s c o m m e e ux m ém e s
’ -

E t l a i ssan t fa ir e au so rt c o ur o ns o h la v al e ur ,

N o u s pr o m e t nu d e sti n a u ssi gr an d q u e le le ur ,

But t he pl ay o f N ap o l e o n s ch o ic e th a t which i ndic a t e d b e st ’

t he c aus e s a nd t he s o urc e o f his p o w e r w as M a ho m t b e c a us e ,

e , ,

duri ng the wh o l e p e rfo rm anc e it s e e m e d t o him th at he was the ,

chi e f ch ar act e r Fro m the b e gi nni ng o f t he first ac t

.

Le s m o rt e l s t é g au x cc n e st p o i nt la nai ssance ’
so n , ,

C e st la se ul e v e rt u q ui fait la differe n ce
’
.

I l e st de c e s e sprit s fav o ri sé s de s c i e u x
Q ui so n t t o ut p ar e u x m ém e s e t ri e n p ar l e ur s a ie ux
-
.

T e l e st l h o m m e e n u m m o t q u e j ai c h o i si p o ur m a itr e
’ ’
, ,

Lu i se ul d ans l u n iv e rs a m é rit é de l ét re
’ ’

To u t m o rt e l a se s lo i s d o it u n j o ur o b é ir ,
”

t he e ye s pre s e nt w e r e rive t e d o n him ; th e y list e ne d

o f a ll

t o t he a ct o rs but c o uld no t h e lp l o o ki ng a t him A nd i n .

,

a no th e r p a ss ag e e v e ry G e rm a n pri n c e must
, na tur a lly h av e

a ppli e d t o hims e lf t he fo ll o wi ng v e rs e s utt e r e d by L a fo nt in a

dism al t o ne
Vo i s l e m pir e r o m ai n t o m b ant de t o ut e s p art s
’
,

Ce gr an d c o rp s d é chir é d o n t le s m e m b re s é p ar s
The dict t e s fh o n ur su ffi c e th e y co nstitut e o ur o racl e
a o o , .

Th e go ds are the s o ve re ign m st e rs o f o ur lif a e,

But m y L rd o ur gl ry d e p e nds n o urs e lve s

, o , o o ,

Why tro ubl e ab o ut th e ir supr e m e rd e rs o

L e t us o nly thi nk o f b c o m i ng i m m o rt al lik e th e m s e lve s

e ,

A nd l e tti ng fat e t k e its c o urs l t us h ast n wh e re v l o ur

a e, e e a

H o lds o t fo r us the pro spe ct o f a fate as gre t s th e ir o wn

u a a

A ct I S c en
,

e II ) . .

A ll m e n are e qu al it is n t to birth , o ,

But to virtu e al ne th t di ffe r nce be tw e e n the m is due

o a e
Th e re are so m e m e n fav o ure d by H v e n
.

, ea ,
Wh re e ve rythi ng by th e m s e lve s nd o we no thi ng to th e ir anc e sto rs
o a a

S uch in sh rt i s the m an I cho s e fo r m aste r ;

.

o ,

H e lo ne n the w o rld d e s e rv d to b e m i ne
,

a i e

A ll nati o ns will so m e day sub m it t his sw y

—( M h m t ( Vo lt ire ) A ct I S cene I V )
o a ,

a o e a , .
, .
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 321

L ang ui sse n t dispe rses, sans h o nne ur e t san s v ie

S u r c e s d éb ri s du m o n d e é l e v o ns l A rab ie
’
.

Il faut u n no uv e au c ult e il fau t de n o u v e aux fe r s ,

’

I l fa ut u m no u v e a u D i e u p o u r l av e ugle u n i v e r s
” ’ 1
.

At this p o i nt r e sp e ct o nly pre v e nt e d t he a udi e nc e fro m

,

d e m o nstrati ng th e ir appro va l and the appl aus e a lm o st bro k e

fo rth at the fo ll o wi ng v e rs e
Q ui l a fa i t
’
ro i Q ui la
’
co ur o nne L a V i c t o ir e .
” 2

M aho m et, A c t e I , S c e ne I V . .

P e rh aps th e y on ly a ffe ct e d to be t o uch e d wh e n O m ar

a dd e d
:

Au no m de c o nq u e rant e t
’

de tri o m ph at e ur ,

Il ve ut j o i n dr e le no m de p ac ifi c at e ur .
” 3

M a hom et, A c t e I , S c e ne I V . .

At this l ast ve rs e N a p o l e o n cl e ve rly e vi nc e d an e m o ti o n which

,

sh o we d th a t it w as th e re he wish e d th e m t o fi nd the e xpl ana

,

ti o n o f a ll his life .

Th e y e ve n pl ai nly displ aye d th e ir appro b ati o n wh e n S ai nt

Prix in L a M ort de Cesa r s a id with admirabl e e xpre ssi o n in
,
’

, , ,

sp e aki ng o f S yll a
11 en é t ai t l e ffro i, j
’ ’
e u se ra i les délices, e tc .

L a M ort de Ceifar ( V o lt air e ) , A c t e I S c e ne I V .

I do no t wish t o qu o t e a ny m o re applicati o ns o r i nducti o ns ,

o f t he s a m e ki nd which I h e a rd p e o pl e m a k e e v e ry day I o nly .

cit e th o s e th a t a re i ndisp e ns abl e in o rd e r t o e nabl e my re ad e rs

t o gr a sp m o r e fully t he spirit o f this gr e a t a ss e mbly .

A ft e r e a ch pl ay I saw t he Emp e r o r A l e x a nd e r a t t he h o us e
,

o f t he Pri nc e ss o f T o ur a nd T a xis a nd s o m e tim e s M de V i nc e nt ,

.

B e h o ld th R o m n e m pire bre ki ng up e ve rywh e re

e a a ,

Gre t t tt re d b o dy wh s e sc tt e r e d lim bs
a a e o a

L i ng e r disc nn ct e d in i ngl ri o us d e th
o e o a

W e m ust r is e A rab i o n this wr ck o f t he w o rld

a a e .

A ne w w rship is ne e d d m e n re quir fre sh fe tt rs

o e e e ,

A ne w G o d m ust rul e o v r blind m nki nd

,
”

—( M
e a

Sc
.

a ho m et, e ne V ) .

Who ma de him ki ng Who cro w ne d him

ict o ry V .
”

To the n m e o f vict o r nd o f c o nqu e r o r

a a ,

H e wish e s t o add th at o f p cifi e r

”
a .

He was the dr e ad o f R o m e I sh all b e he r d e ligh t ,

 3 4
2 TH E M E JI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

c a ll e d o n me Th e ir impre ssi o ns o n the e nt e rt ai nm e nt we re

.

v e ry diffe re nt The e mp e ro r w as a lways d e light e d with t he

.

p e rfo rm ance a nd M de V i nc e nt a lways d e sp o nd e nt H e

, . .

had t he gre a t e st di fficulty in p e rsu di ng hims e lf th a t t he e m a

p e ro rs w e re no t m a ki ng s o m e a rr a ng e m e nt a nd ye t he w as

p o sitive th at duri ng t he fi rst d ays no busi ne ss had b e e n t o uch e d

up o n H o we ve r wh e n th e y did sp e a k t he c o nve rs ati o n w as a
.
, ,

l o ng o ne The e mp e ro rs discuss e d th o ro ughly e ve rythi ng th a t

.

had b e e n tr e at e d o fbe t we e n t he t wo c a bi ne ts fo r t he l a s t y e a r a nd ,

t he Emp e ro r N a p o l e o n fi nish e d by c o m mu n ic a ti ng a pr o j e ct o f
c o nve nti o n which he s a id he had d raw n up fo r th e ir mutu al
, ,

a dv a nt g e a H e g av e it t o t he Emp e r o r A l e x a nd e r a ft e r h avi ng
.
,

m ad e him pro mis e no t t o sh o w it t o a nyb o dy no t e ve n t o o ne

o f his mi n ist e rs I t w as a n a ffa ir he a dd e d which must b e
.
, ,

tre at e d o f b e twe e n th e ms e lve s a nd t o pro ve t he imp o rt anc e ,

which he att a ch e d t o its b e i ng k e pt a s e cre t h hims e lf ha d ,

e

writt e n o u t s o m e o f the a rticl e s no t wishi ng a ny o ne t o k no w ,

th e m .

The w o rds no t a ny o ne
, which he r e p e a t e d w e r e e vid e ntly
, ,

m e a nt fo r Co u nt R o m a nz o ff a nd m e The Emp e ro r A l e x a nd e r .

h d t he g o o d ne ss no t t o u nd e rst a n d th e m so ; a nd a ft e r h avi ng
a ,

b e gge d the Pri nc e ss o f T o ur and T a xis to a dmit no b o dy he t o o k ,

t he tr e a ty o u t o f his p o ck e t N a p o l e o n had t a k e n t he tro ubl e

.

t o c o py as w e ll as he
,
c o uld ne a rly all t he pr oj e ct I ha d ,

give n him H e had h o we ve r ch ng e d o ne o r t wo a rticl e s

.
, ,
a ,

a nd a dd e d th at a c o rps o f t he R ussi a n a rmy u nd e r pr e t e xt o f ,

t he p o siti o n o f t he c a bi ne t o f S t P e t e rsburg with r e g a rd t o .

t he O tt o m a n P o rt e sh o uld b e pl a c e d ne a r t he A ustri a n fr o nti e rs

,
.

The Emp e r o r A l e x a nd e r a ft e r h a vi ng r e m a rk e d t o t he Em
,

p e ro r N a p o l e o n th a t t he b a s e s o f t he tr e a ty diffe r e d fr o m
th o s e which had b e e n a lm o st d e cid e d o n a t S t P e t e rsburg .
,

re s e rve d t o hims e lf t o m a k e in writi ng a ny o bs e rv ati o ns he

sh o uld thi nk pro p e r R ussi n s e cre ts s e e m t o b e b adly k e pt
. a ,

fo r t he ne xt m o r ni ng M de V i nc e nt c a m e t o m e a nd t o ld m e
, .

th at he k ne w t he ne g o ti ati o ns had c o mm e nc e d a nd th at th e re ,

w as a lr e ady a pr o j e ct o f c o nv e nti o n dr aw n up I a dvis e d him .

t o k e e p qui e t a nd t a k e o nly t he ne c e ss ary st e ps a nd a b o ve a ll

, ,

n t t o sh o w a ny u ne asi ne ss
o I a ls o t o ld him th a t I w as pl a c e d
.
3 26 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

Th e re w e re thre e o r fo ur subj e cts o n which he sp o k e willi ngly .

A t B e rli n t he pr e c e di ng y e a r a ddr e ssi ng hims e lf t o J o h a n v o n

, ,

M ull e r he had tri e d to fix t he diffe re nt e p o chs o f the gre at

,

e ffo rts o f t he hum a n m i nd I fancy I still se e t he a st o nish .

m e nt o n M tille r s fac e wh e n he h e ard him a ss e rt th at t he

' ’

p r o p ag a ti o n a nd t he r apid d e v e l o pm e nt o f C hristi anity ha d

wo rk e d an admir abl e r e a cti o n o f t he spirit o f Gre e c e aga i nst th at

o f R o me and lay str e ss o n o r a ppl aud t he skill which Gr e e c e
, ,

va nquish e d by physic a l fo rc e displ ay e d in d e ali ng with t he c o n ,

qu e st o f t he e mpire o f i nt e ll e ct a c o nqu e st he add e d which had , , ,

b e e n e ffe ct e d by t aki ng adva nt ag e o f the b e ne fici al s e e ds o f

C hristi a nity wh o s e i nflu e n c e o n m anki nd had b e e n so gr e a t
, .

H e must h av e k no w n this s e nt e nc e by h e art fo r I h av e h e a rd him ,

re p e at it in the s a m e w ay t o M de Fo nt a ne s a nd t o M S u ard .
1
.
?

M iille r did no t r e ply H e w as quit e t ak e n ab a ck t he e mp e ro r

.

t o o k a dv ant ag e o f this o pp o rtu nity t o ask him t o writ e his

hist o ry .

I do no t k no w wh at he wish e d t o o bt ai n fr o m Wi e l and but ,

he was p a rticul a rly a ffabl e with him .

M Wi e l and w e lik e yo ur wo rks m uch in Franc e : it is yo u

.
,

w ho a re t he a uth o r o f Ag a thon a nd Obe ron W e c a ll yo u t he .

V o lt a ir e o f G e rm a ny
”
.

S ire t he c o mp a ris o n w o uld b e a fl a tt e ri ng o ne if it w e r e

, ,

j ustifi e d I t is ve ry gre at pra is e fro m v e ry ki nd p e o pl e

. .

T e ll m e M onsie u r Wi e l and why y o ur D iog e nes yo ur

“
, , ,

Ag a thon a nd y o ur P e reg rinu s a re writt e n in t he e quiv o c a l

,

styl e which mix e s ro m anc e with hist o ry and hist o ry with

r o m anc e A sup e ri o r m an lik e y o urs e lf o ught to k e e p e ach styl e
.

disti nctly s e p a rat e Wh at is mix e d is ge ne ra lly c o nfus e d

. .

Th at is the re a s o n w e lik e t he dra m a so littl e in Fra nc e But .

I a m a fr aid t o say t o o much o n this subj e ct b e c a us e I a m ,

d e a li ng with s o m e o ne so much m o re c o nv e rs a nt with the

m att e r th an I a m ; e sp e ci ally a s wh at I say has as much
re fe re nc e t o M o nsi e ur G o e th e as t o yo u .

1
M . t ane s b o rn in 1 7 8 7 o ccupi e d hi m s e lf b e fo re the R v luti o n wi th
de F o n , , ,
e o ,

lit e r tur e
a p try H e nte re d th I n tit t u nd e r the C nsul at e b e c m e a m m b r
and oe . e e s u o ,
a e e

o f the l e gisl tiv e b o dy in 1 80 4 a nd pr e si de n t o f th at ss e m bly

,
a Grand a
m ast e r o f t he U niv e rsity in 1 80 8 nd s e nat r in 1 8 1 0 H e di e d in 1 82 1
a o

J e n B aptiste S d littér t
, . .

2 a nd disti nguish e d writ r m e m b e r o f the F r e nch

u ar a cu r a e

A c ad e m y H e b e c m e C e ns o r u nd r the R e sto rati o n ( 1 7 3 3 1 8 1 7

, ,

. a e .
-
.
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W .
3 27

S irey o ur M aje sty will p e rmit us to p o i nt o u t to yo u th at

, ,

in t he Fre nch th e a tr e th e r e a re v e ry fe w tr ag di e s which a re

, e

no t a mixtur e o f hist o ry a nd r o m a nc e but I a m no w o n H e rr

G o e th e s l and H e will re ply h ims e lf a nd c e rt a i nly he will
’
. .
,

re ply we ll A s t o mys e lf I wishe d to give m an s o m e us e ful

.
,

l e ss o n The auth o rity o f histo ry w as ne c e ss a ry I i nt e nd e d

. .

th at t he e x a mpl e s I b o rro w e d sh o uld b e e a sy a nd agre e abl e t o

imit at e a nd t o do th at it w as ne c e ss a ry to mix the id e a l
,

a nd t he ro m a ntic M e n 5 id e a s s o m e tim e s are wo rth m o re

.
, ,

th a n th e ir a cti o ns a nd go o d no ve ls are m o re va lu abl e

,

th an m a nki nd Co mp a re sire t he c e ntury o f L o uis X I V

.
, , .

with Tel m a gu wh e re are fo u nd the b e st l e ss o ns fo r s o ve re ig ns

’ ’

e e,

a nd f o r t he p e o pl e My D iog enes is virtu o us th o ugh livi ng in

.
,

a c a sk
”
.

“
But do yo u k no w s aid the e mp e ro r wh at h app e ns t o , ,
“

th o s e who a lways displ ay virtu e in th e ir st o ri e s ? Th e y c aus e

t he impre ssi o n t h a t virtu e is but a dr e am H ist o ry has o ft e n .

b e e n c alum ni at e d by hist o ri ans th e ms e lve s .

”

This c o nve rs ati o n in which T a citus c o uld no t fail t o b e i ntro

,

du ce d w as i nt e rrupt e d by M de N anso u ty w ho j ust c a m e t o

,
.
,

t e ll t he e mp e ro r th a t a m e ss e nge r fro m P aris had bro ught him

s o m e l e tt e rs The pri nc e prim at e l e ft with Wi e l and and G o e th e
.
-

a nd b e gge d m e t o g o wi t h th e m t o di ne a t his h o us Wi e l and e .

,

w ho in his simplicity did no t k no w wh e th e r he h ad r e pli e d w e ll o r

b adly t o t he e mp e ro r had g o ne i nt o his ro o m t o writ e the c o n
,

ve rs ati o n he had j ust ha d H e bro ught th a t r e cit a l t o t he pri nc e .

prim at e such as has j ust b e e n r e ad A ll the gre a t mi nds o f

,
.

W e im a r a nd suburbs att e nd e d th at di nne r I o bs e rve d a l ady fro m .

Eis e na ch w ho w as s e a t e d o pp o sit e the prim ate N 0 o ne sp o k e to .

he r with o ut givi ng he r t he na m e o f a mus e a nd th a t with o ut ,

a ff ct ati o n C li o will yo u h av e so a nd so w as t he prim at e s

’
e .
,

m a nne r o f a ddre ssi ng he r to which she wo uld re ply simply ,

S he w as c a ll e d B a r o ne ss B e cht o lsh e im A ft e r
“ ”
Ye s o r No . .

di nne r e ve ry o ne we nt to the pl ay a nd wh e n it w as o ve r fo ll o w
, , , ,

ing my cust o m I saw t he e mp e r o r h o m e and we nt a ft e rwa rds

, , , ,

t o t he Pri nc e ss o f T o ur s
’
.

The C z a r A l e x a nd e r w as a lre a dy th e r e H is fac e did no t .

we ar its o rdi na ry e xpre ssi o n I t was pl ai n th at his u nc e rt ai nti e s .

3 28 TH E M E I II OI R S O F P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

still e xist e d a nd th at his o bs e rvati o ns o n t he pro j e ct o f the

,

t re aty w e re no t m ad e .

H as t he e mp e r o r b e e n t a lki ng t o yo u l a t e ly ? w as his fi rst

qu e sti o n .

“
N o sire ;
,
a nd I v e nt u re d t o a dd th a t if I ha d no t s e e n

M de V i nce nt I c o uld h ave b e li e ve d th at t he Erfurt i nt e rvi e w

.
,

w as o nly a pl e a sure p a rty .

Wh at d o e s M de V i nc e nt say ? .

S ir e o nly v e ry r e as o na bl e thi ngs

,
H e h o p e s th at y o ur .

M aj e sty will no t a ll o w y o urs e lf t o b e le d by the Emp e ro r N apo

l e o n t o t ak e threa te ning o r at l e ast ofi e nsive m e a sure s aga i nst
, ,

A ustri a ; a nd if y o ur M aj e sty will p e rmit m e t o t e ll yo u so I ,

h ave fo rm e d t he s a m e o pi ni o n .
”

“
I sh o uld a ls o lik e t o r e fr a i n fr o m th e m but it s e e ms v e ry ,

di fficult t o do so fo r t he Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n s e e ms t o m e much

,
’
ince nse dfi
But sire yo u h ave c e rt ai n o bs e rv ati o ns t o m ak e C a n y o ur
, , .

M aj e sty no t c o nsid e r as us e l e ss th o s e pro visi o ns re l ative t o

A ustri a a nd say th at th e y a re i nclud e d in t he tre aty o f Tilsit ?
I t s e e ms t o m e th a t o ne c o uld a dd th a t t he pr o o fs o f c o nfid e nc e
o ught t o b e r e cipr o c a l a nd th a t y o ur M aj e sty whil e a ll o wi ng t he ,

Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n t o b e in a m e asure the j udge o ft he circum

, ,

st a nc e s wh e re c e rt a i n a rticl e s o f t he dra ft submitt e d t o yo u c o uld

b e e x e cut e d has o n t he o th e r h a nd t he right t o e x act th at h e
, , ,

l e ave yo u t o j udge t he c as e s wh e re A ustri a might b e c o m e a re a l

‘

O bst a cl e t o t h e pr o j e cts a d o pt e d by t he t w o s o v e r e ig ns This .

b e i ng u nd e rst o o d b e twe e n yo u e ve rythi ng c o nc e r ni ng A ustri a ,

sh o uld b e e r as e d fro m the dra ft o f the tre aty A nd if y o ur .

M aj e sty thi nks o f the fright th a t t he Erfurt i nt e rvi e w a rra nge d ,

with o ut t he k no wl e dge o f t he Emp e ro r Fra ncis must h av e ,

c aus e d at V i e nna p e rh aps yo u w o uld lik e t o re a ssure him in a

,
-

l e tt e r o n e ve rythi ng which i nt e re sts him p e rs o nally

,
I saw .

t h a t t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r w as pl e a s e d H e t o o k no t e s with his .

p e ncil o n all th a t I had s a id but it w as ne c e ss a ry t o d e cid e and ,

th a t he ha d no t ye t d o ne I t w as M de Caul ai nc o urt who by . .

,

his p e rs o na l i nflu e nc e o ve r him c a rri e d his d e t e rmi nati o n .

The ne xt day t he C z a r A l e x a nd e r sh o w e d m e his o bs e rv a

ti o ns o n t he p roj e ct o f t he tre aty and s aid t o m e bl andly ,
 3 39 TH E M E M oI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

T e sche n has b e e n a s e ri o us misfo rtu ne fo r Euro p e a nd a grave

1
,

e rr o r o n t he p a rt o f Fr a nc e w ho did no thi ng t o pr e v e n t it , .

Th at is no l o nge r t he qu e sti o n my cl e a r W e must t ak e

“
, .

thi ngs a s th e y a re Y o u must ch arge M de V e rge nne s with t he . .

re sp o nsibility o f t he p a st F e w p e o pl e no w t a k e a n i nt e re st in .

civiliz ati o n .

W e thi nk o f o u r busi ne ss .

Y o u do no t u nd e rst and ; yo u k no w why it is th at no

o ne d e a ls o p e nly with m e ? I t is th at h avi ng no childre n ,

th e y b e li e ve I o nly h ave a life i nt e re st in Fra nc e Th at -

.

is the s e cre t o f all th at yo u se e h e re Th e y are afraid o f .

m e a nd e a ch o ne g e ts o u t o f tr o ubl e as w e ll as he c a n
, I t is .

a b ad st a t e o f thi ngs f o r e v e ryb o dy A nd he add e d grav e ly

”
.
, ,

“
it must ne e ds s o m e day b e re m e di e d Co nti nu e s e e i ng t he .

C z a r A l e x a nd e r I h ave b e e n p e rh aps a littl e brusqu e in o u r

.

c o nfe re nc e s but I d e sire th at w e p art o n fri e ndly t e rms I h ave

,
.
:

still a fe w d ays b e fo r e m e To m o rro w w e sh a ll go t o W e im a r .

-

a nd it will no t b e di f i cult t o b e gr a ci o us o n t he gr o u nds o f J e na

f
wh e re th e y a re h avi ng a fet e fo r m e Y o u will b e at W e im a r .
,

b e fo r e mys e lf ; t e ll the duch e ss w ho is t o o grand a l ady t o c o m e

t o J e na th at I sh o uld lik e t o se e a ll t he sava nts w ho live in h e r
,

midst a nd th at I b e g he r to a cqu a i nt th e m with my wish I t

,
.

w o uld b e a pity th at a ll t he pl ans fo r this j o urne y sh o uld fail .

The e mp e ro r had s e nt all t he Co médi e F ranga ise t o W e im a r .

The day b e g a n by a hu nt o n t he gr o u nds o f J e na a ft e rwa rds ,

th e re w as a g rand di nne r s e rve d o n a t a bl e in t he sh ap e o f a

h o rs e sh o e a t which w e re pl ac e d o nly re ig ning p rinc s I lay
-

,
e .

stre ss o n th at e xpre ssi o n fo r th at titl e e nabl e d th e m t o re nd e r a ,

fre sh h o m age t o N ap o l e o n by c a lli ng o n t he pri nc e o f N e u fc hat e l

a nd mys e lf t o sit a t th at t abl e O n l e avi ng t he t abl e th e y w e nt .

t o t he pl ay wh e r e L a M o rt de Cesa r w as t o b e r e pr e s e nt e d b e fo r e
’

a ll t he s o v e r e ig ns a nd pri nc e s w h o had c o m e fro m Erfurt t o

W e im a r A ft e r t he pl ay w e p ass e d i nt o t he b all ro o m I t was
.
,
-
.

Th p c f T sch ( S il si ) sig d M y 779,b tw n A ustri

1
e ea e o e en d e a ne on a 1 0, 1 e ee a an
f B v ri th t th E m p r r J s ph
,

Fr c put
an e , d t th w f t h succ ssi
an e n o e ar o e e on o a a a a e e o o e
I I h d i stig t d i th pr c di g y r i
a n a e d v uri g t t k p ss ssi
n e ef th t
e n ea n en ea o n o a e o e on o a

ft r th d th f th D uk M xi m ili J s ph Ki g Fr d rick I I b i g
.
,

st ta e, a e e ea o e e a a n- o e . n e e . e n
opp o s e d t th at cl ai m sh t war was the r esult The
o , a or . Em e pr ss
Ca th e ri ne I I h d .
,
a

b e n cl ve r e no ugh to pl ace h e rs e lf as m e di at o r b e tw e e n
e e the t wo o p w e rs in c o nc e rt
,

with F ranc e .
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 33 1

a ve ry b e autiful h all l a rge l o fty and squ ar e illumi nat e d fro m

, , ,

a b o v e a nd a d o r ne d with m a ny c o lum n s
,
The impr e ssi o n th at .

L a M o rt a e Ce a r h ad l e ft w as s o o n drive n aw ay by t he sight
’ ’

o f a qu a ntity o f y o u ng a nd pr e tty girls w ho had c o m e t o t he ,

b all N ap o l e o n l o ve d t o t o uch up o n se ri o us qu e sti o ns in t he

.

drawi ng ro o m at t he hu nt at a b all s o m e tim e s o pp o sit e t he

-
, , ,

ga mi ng t abl e H e i nt e nd e d to pro v e by it th at he w as no t
.
, ,

susc e ptibl e t o t he impre ssi o n th at such displ ays give t o m e n

in g e ne r a l H avi ng m a d e t he r o u nds o f t he r o o m a nd p ausi ng
.

ne a r s o m e y o u ng l a di e s t he na m e s o f wh o m he i n quire d o f
,

H e rr Fri e drich v o n M ull e r t he duk e s ch a mb e rl a i n w ho had

’

, ,

r e c e iv e d t he o rd e r t o a cc o mp a ny him he r e tir e d a t a dist a nc e ,

fro m t he vas t thro ng and re qu e st e d H e rr v o n M ull e r t o fe tch

,

H e rr G o e th e and H e rr Wi e l and H e rr v o n M ull e r is no t o f t he

.

s a m e fa mily as t he re no w ne d J o h a n o n M ull e r t he hist o ri an v , ,

but he is a m e mb e r o f t he lit e ra ry s o ci e ty o f We im a r a nd I ,

be li e ve th at he is t he s e cre t a ry o f it H e w e nt t o fe tch th o s e .

ge ntl e m e n w ho with a fe w o th e r m e mb e rs o f th a t a c a d e my
, , ,

l o k e d up o n th at b e a utiful a nd e xtrao rdi na ry sight H e rr

o .

G o e th e o n a ppro a chi ng t he e mp e ro r ask e d his p e rmissi o n t o

, ,

i ntro duc e th e m I do no t give th e ir na m e s b e c a us e th e y a re no t

.
,

fo u nd in t he no t e s a lb e it quit e c o mpl e t e in o th e r r e sp e cts

, ,

which H e rr v o n M ull e r gave m e t he ne xt day I had ask e d him .

t o w rit e all h e saw o n this j o ur ne y so th a t I might c o mp a r e ,

th e m with wh at I had writt e n mys e l f .

“
Y o u a re pl e as e d with o u r pl ays I h o p e s a id t he e mp e ro r ,

t o H e rr G o e th e H av e th e s e g e ntl e m e n c o m e t o th e m 9
“ ”
.

T o t he o ne o f t o day sir e but no t t o th o s e a t Erfurt

-

, , .

I a m s o rry fo r it A g o o d tr a g e dy sh o uld b e l o o k e d up o n as
.

t he m o st w o rthy sch o o l fo r sup e ri o r m e n Fro m a c e rt ai n p o i nt f . o

V i e w it is a b o v e hist o ry
,
I n t he b e st hist o ry v e ry littl e e ffe ct is
.
,

pro duc e d M a n wh e n a l o ne is but littl e a ffe ct e d m e n a ss e mbl e d

.
,

r e c e iv e t he stro nge r a nd m o re l asti ng i mpre ssi o ns I a ssure yo u .

th at T a citus t he hist o ri a n th a t yo u a re a lways qu o ti ng ne ve r

, , ,

t aught m e a nythi ng Co uld yo u fi nd a gre t e r a nd at tim e s

. a , ,

m o re u nj ust d e tra ct o r o f t he hum an ra ce ? I n t he m o st simpl e

a cti o n s he fi nds crimi na l m o tiv e s he m a k e s e mp e r o rs o u t as t he ,

m o st pro fo u nd vill a i ns in o rd e r t o aw ak e admirati o n fo r t he

,
332 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA LL E YR A N D .

ge nius th at has p e ne trate d th e m P e o pl e are right in s ayi ng th a t .

his A nnals a re no t a hist o ry o f t he e mpire but an abstra ct o f t he ,

pris o n re c o rds o f R o m e Th e y a re a lways d e ali ng with a ccus a

-
.

ti o ns wi t h c o nvicts a nd with p e o pl e w ho o p e n th e ir ve i ns in th e ir
, ,

b aths H e w ho sp e a ks i nc e ss a ntly o f a ccus ati o ns he is the m o st

.
,

no t o ri o us i n fo rm e r Wh at a n i nv o lve d styl e ! H o w o bscure I

.

a m no t a gre a t L ati n sch o l a r but T a citus o bscurity displ ays ’

,

its e lf in t e n o r twe lve I t a li an and Fre nch tra nsl ati o ns th at I h av e

re ad I th e re fo re c o n clud e th at his chi e f qu a lity is o bscurity
.
, , ,

t h a t it spri ngs fr o m th at which o ne c a lls his g e nius a s w e ll a s ,

fro m his styl e a nd th at it is so c o nne ct e d with his m a nne r o f

,

e xpr e ssi ng hims e lf o nly b e c a us e it is in his c o n c e pti o n I h av e .

h e a rd p e o pl e pr a is e him fo r t he fe a r he awa k e s in tyrants he

m a k e s th e m a fra id o f t he p e o pl e Th a t is a gre at mist ak e a nd .
,

d o e s t he p e o pl e h a rm A m I no t right M onsie u r Wi e l a nd But

.
,

I a m i nt e rrupti ng yo u W e a re no t h e re t o sp e a k o f T a citus
. .

L o o k ! ho w we ll t he C z a r A l e x and e r d anc e s .

I do no t k no w why w e a re h e r e sir e re pli e d H e rr Wi e l and ”

, , ,

but I k no w th a t a t this m o m e nt yo ur M aj e sty m ak e s m e ve ry

, ,

h appy
A h ! R e ally ? I n wh a t w ay ?
”

S ire t he m anne r in which y o ur M aj e sty has sp o k e n t o m e

, ,

m ak e s m e fo rge t th a t he has t wo thro ne s I se e in him o nly a m a n .

o f l e tt e rs a nd I k n o w th at y o ur M aj e sty will no t disd a i n th a t titl e

, ,

fo r I r e m e mb e r th a t o n l e avi ng fo r Egypt he sig ne d his l e tt e rs

, ,

B o n p a rte m e m bre d e Z z n t ilu t e t g e n m l e n ek f I t is th e n

’ ’ ’
’ ’ ’
a ,
s e e .
, ,

t o a m an o f l e tt e rs sir e th a t I sh a ll try t o r e ply

, ,
I fe lt a t .
,

Erfurt th a t I d e fe nd e d mys e lf but fe e bly wh e n I w as the o bj e ct

,

o fy o ur criticism ; but I b e li e v e I a m abl e t o d e fe nd T a citus b e tt e r .

I u nd e rst a nd th a t his pri ncip a l a im is t o pu nish tyr a nts —but if

he d e no u nc e s th e m it is no t t o th e ir sl av e s wh o s e r e vo lt w o uld ,

o n ly bri ng a ch a ng e o f tyr a nny ; he d e no u nc e s th e m t o t he j ustic e

o f a g e s a nd t o m anki n d A nd t he l a tt e r o ught t o h av e h ad
.

e no ugh tr o ubl e a nd e xp e ri e nc e th a t its r e a s o n sh o uld h e nc e fo rth ,

a cquir e t he rul e h e r e t o fo r e s o l e ly e nj o y e d by its p a ssi o n s

”
.

“
Th a t is wh a t a ll o u r phil o s o ph e rs say but th a t supre m a cy
o f r e as o n I l o o k a ll ab o ut fo r a nd f in d it no wh e r e
”
.

“
S ir e it is no t l o ng si nc e T a citus b e gan to h ave so m any
,
3 34 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L LE YR A N D .

The pri nc e prim at e w ho had a ppro ach e d a nd all the littl e

-

a c a d e my o f W e im a r which surr o u nd e d Wi e l and c o uld no t ,

c o nt a i n th e ir j o y .

S ir e h e c o nti nu e d if it b e tru e to say o f T a citus th at

“
, , ,

tyra nts a re pu nish e d wh e n he p a i nts th e m it is still m o re tru e to ,

say th a t g o o d pri nc e s a re r e w ard e d wh e n he tr ac e s th e ir im ag e s

a nd pr e s e nts th e m t o futur e gl o ry
”
.

I h av e t o o str o ng a p a rty t o c o p e with M o nsi u r Wi e l and ,

e ,

a nd yo u ne gl e ct no ne o f y o ur a dv a nt a g e s I thi nk yo u k ne w .

th a t I did no t lik e T a citus ; do yo u c o rre sp o nd with H e rr vo n

M ull e r wh o m I saw at B e rli n
1
,

Y e s sir e
”
.
,

C o nfe ss th at he has writt e n t o yo u o n t he subj e ct o f o u r

c o nve rs ati o n
“
I t is tru e sir e I t is by him th at I k ne w y o ur M aj e sty
, .

lik e d to sp e ak o f T a citus but did no t h o we ve r lik e him

, , , .
”

I do no t lik e t o say I a m b e a t e n M ons ie u r Wi e l a nd t o , :

th at I w o uld c o ns e nt with di fficulty To m o rro w I re tur n t o .

-

Erfurt and we sh all c o nti nu e o u r discussi o n I h ave a go o d st o re

,
.

o f w e a p o n s in my a rs e na l f o r sust a i ni ng th a t T a citus h as n o t

e nt e r e d f a r e no ugh i nt o t he d e v e l o pm e nt o f t he c a us e s o f e v e nts ;

th at he has no t su ffi ci e ntly sh o wn the myst e ry o f t he a cti o ns

th at he re l at e s and th e ir mutu a l li nki ng t o ge th e r in o rd e r to
,

pre p are the j udgm e nt o f p o st e rity which must j udge m e n and ,

go v e r nm e nts such a s th e y we re in th e ir tim e a nd in t he midst o f

t he circumst a nc e s which surr o u nd e d th e m
”
.

The e mp e r o r c o nclud e d th at c o nv e rs a ti o n by s ayi ng t o H e rr

Wi e l and with a mild e xpre ssi o n th at t he pl e asure o f b e i ng with
, ,

him c aus e d him t o be fo r s o m e tim e a n o bj e ct o f sea na a ! ,

’

fo r t he d anc e rs a nd he w e nt awa y with t he pri nc e prim a t e

,
-
.

A ft e r h avi ng p a us e d fo r s o m e m o m e nts t o wit ne ss t he b e a utiful

eont re a a nee
-
’
a nd,
h avi ng sp o k e n t o t he Duch e ss o f S ax e
We im ar ab o ut the e l e g a nc e a nd b e a uty o f th at brilli a nt fet e he ,

l e ft the b all and we nt b a ck t o t he m ag ni fi c e nt ap artm e nt pre p a re d

fo r him A ll t he y o u ng a c a d e mici a ns fe a ri ng t o trust t o th e ir
.
,

m e m o ry had a lre ady g o ne aw ay to write d o w n am o ng th e ms e lve s

,

all th at th e y had j ust h e a rd A nd t he ne xt day t he day o f o u r

.
,

Jh M iill
1
o th hist ri
an v o n e r, e o an.
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 335

d e p arture H e rr v o n Mull e r w as with m e a t s e ve n o cl o ck to ask

,
’

m e if t he o nsl a ught o f t he e mp e r o r ag ai nst T a citus w as truthfully

re c o rd e d I had alt e re d s o m e wo rds in it a nd th at gave m e t he
.
,

right to h ave a c o mpl e t e c o p y o f th e s e ge ntl e m e n s w o rks ’

,

d e sti ne d fo r t he a rchive s o f W e im a r W e l e ft this b e autiful .

pl ac e in the m o r ni ng The Ki ngs o f S a x o ny W u rte m b e rg and

.
, ,

B avari a se t o ff in o rd e r t o re tur n t o th e ir d o mi ni o ns .

Wh e n N ap o l e o n r e turne d t o Erfurt he w as m o re fri e ndly , ,

m o re c o nfid e nti a l with t he Cz a r A l e x a nd e r th a n he had b e e n

ye t. The c o nv e nti o n th a t had b e c o m e so i nsig nific a nt w as ,

s e ttl e d a lm o st with o ut discussi o n ; t he e mp e ro r did no t a pp e a r

t o t a k e a r e a l i nt e r e st in a nythi ng e xc e pt in wh at pl e a s e d his
a ugust a lly A life o f e xcit e m e nt fa tigu e d him he s a id t o t he
.
,

C z a r A l e x a nd e r H e ne e d e d r e st a nd he o nly l o nge d at
.
,

pre s e nt a ft e r the tim e wh e n he c o uld give hims e lf up t o

,

d o m e stic life t o which all his t a st e s le d him

,
But th at .
“

h appi ne ss he add e d with a d e e ply c o nc e r ne d e xpre ssi o n is

, ,

no t fo r m e I s th e r e a ny h o m e with o ut childr e n ; a nd c a n I
.

h ave a ny My wife is t e n ye a rs o ld e r th an mys e lf—I be g yo ur

p a rd o n this must a ll app e a r ridicul o us t o yo u but I o b e y t he
, ,

dict at e s o f my h e a rt which it s o o th e s m e t o u nb o s o m t o yo u
, .
”

A nd th e n he t a lk e d ab o ut t he l o ng s e p a ra ti o n t he gr e a t ,

dist anc e the di fficulty in s e e i ng e ach o th e r a ga i n

,
But th e re .
“

is o nly a sh o rt tim e b e fo re di nne r he s aid and I must aga i n ”

, ,

a ssum e a ll my c o mp o sur e in o rd e r t o giv e M de V i n c e nt his .

a udi e nc e o f l e av e Th at e ve ni ng the C z ar A l e x and e r w as still

”
.

fa sci nate d by t he ch a rm o f th a t i ntim at e c o nve rs ati o n I was .

o nly abl e t o se e N a p o l e o n a t a v e ry l at e h o ur H e w as v e ry .

much pl e a s e d with t he day and b ad e m e st ay with him a l o ng

,

tim e a ft e r he had re tire d H is a git a ti o n w as si ngul ar H e

. .

a sk e d m e qu e sti o ns with o ut w a iti ng f or m H e tri e d

y a nswe r
'

t o sp e a k t o m e he w a nt e d t o say s o m e thi ng e ls e th a n wh at he
,

did say and a t l ast he pro no u nc e d the o ne w o rd divorce My

, , .

d e sti ny e x acts it he s a id a nd t he tranquillity o f Fra nc e

,
”
,
“

d e m ands it I h ave no succ e ss o r ; J o s e ph is no thi ng and he

.
,

has o nly d aught e rs I t is I w ho must fo u nd a dy nasty

. I c an .

o n ly do so by g e tti ng m a rri e d t o a pri nc e ss fr o m o ne o f t he

r e igni ng h o us e s o f Euro p e The Emp e ro r A l e x and e r has

.
3 36 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L B VA A N D ’
.

sist e rs Th e re is o ne wh o s e age suits m e S p e a k o f th at t o

. .

R o m a n o ff T e ll him th t o nc e my a ffa irs in S p a i n a re s e ttl e d

z . a ,

I will e nt e r i nt o a ll his vi e ws fo r t he p a r t i t i o n o f Turk e y ;

b e sid e s o th e r argum e nts will no t fa il yo u fo r I k no w yo u a re
, ,

a n a dv o c a t e o f div o rc e The Empr e ss J o s e phi ne b e li e ve s in it

.

a ls o I c a n t e ll yo u
”
.
,

S ir e if y o ur M aj e sty p e rmits I will say no thi ng t o Co u nt

,

R o m a n o ff a l t h o ugh he b e t he h e r o o f t he Ck vali rs o u ’
z , e e

Cyg ne o f M m e de G e nlis I do no t t hink he has s e ns e

. .
1
O

e no ugh B e sid e s a ft e r I h ave t o ld him wh at yo u h ave sugge st e d

.
,

he will h av e t o r e p e a t it a ll t o t he C z a r A l e x and e r Will he .

r p e a t it c o rre ctly o r will he ch o o s e t o r e p e a t it i nc o rre ctly ?

e ,

I c a nno t t e ll I t is much m o r e na tur a l a nd I m ay say much

.
, ,

m o re simpl e t o h ave a c o nve rs ati o n with the C z a r A l e x a nd e r

,

hi m s e lf a b o ut so imp o rt ant a qu e sti o n ; and if y o ur M aj e sty

a d o pts this o pi n i o n I sh a ll u nd e rt ak e t o pr e p a r e t he w a fo r
, y
him .
”

W e ll a nd g o o d s aid the e mp e ro r but re m e mb e r th a t it

, ,

is no t a s c o mi ng fro m m e yo u must sp e a k I t is as a Fre nch .

m a n th at yo u must a ddr e ss him in o rd e r th a t he m ay o bt a i n fr o m ,

m e a d e cisi o n e nsuri ng t he st a bility o f Fr an c e wh o s e fa t e

w o uld b e u nc e rt ai n at my d e ath A s a Fre nchm an yo u c o uld .

say e v e rythi ng yo u lik e d J o s e ph Luci e n a nd a ll my family .

,

o ff e r yo u a fr e e fi e ld S ay a b o ut th e m a ll yo u lik e th e y a re
.
,

no thi ng fo r Fr a n c e My so n e v e n but th a t is us e l e ss t o say

.
, ,

w o uld ne e d t o b e my so n o ve r aga i n in o rd e r t o succe e d p e ac e ,

fully t o t he thro ne o f Fr anc e .

”

I t w as l a t e I v e ntur e d h o w e v e r t o g o t o the Pri nc e ss o f

,

T o ur wh o s e d o o r w as no t ye t cl o s e d The C z a r A l e x a nd e r
, .

had r e m a i ne d th e r e l o ng e r th a n usu a l H e r e l at e d with .

a dmir abl e go o d faith t o t he pri nc e ss the sad sc e ne o f th a t

m o r ni ng .

N o b o dy s aid he
“
has a tru e id e a o f th a t m a n s
, ,
“ ’

ch aracte r Wh at a l a rmi ng m e a sure s he s o m e tim e s r e s o rts t o

.
,

1 ' ’
L es C/z e o a liers o u Cyg ne, on Io Cou r o e Cha rle m ag n e , a o a o m an e o f
’
hist ric l r c is
d
M a am e de G lis en styl
in the r c s
e o f t he o m an e of a o ft he e e e n en chiv lry l v th c tury .

The a uth r ss d v ur d writ

o e en ea o e to gui e , in t he se of o n, n m e o a on to ficti u r us llusi s
t hesc s e ne v luti
o f t he R e o di s v r l
o n, an n e e a o f he r e o na e , she e to e p r gs
s
wish d d pict
c r i l riti s
e t a n Ce e b ti
e o f he r u t
me C o n R o m anz o ff h ad, a .ea , e e n o ne o f he r it pp rs b
d ls
mo e .
338 TH E M E AI OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

it up o n mys e lf t o say she will A ll th at i nspire d by a r e a l .

,

fri e ndship o ught t o s atisfy t he Emp e ro r N a p o l e o n T e l l

, .

him th a t I sh all b e with him in a m o m e nt .

S ir e y o ur M aj e sty will no t fo rg e t th a t th at c o nv e rs a ti o n
“
,

o ught t o b e s o l e m n nd a ffe cti o n a t e Y o ur M aj e sty will sp e a k

a .

o f t he i nt e r e sts o f Eur o p e a nd o f Fr a nc e Euro p e re quire s th at .

t he thro ne o f Fr a nc e b e pr o t e ct e d fr o m e v e ry st o rm a nd ,

it is t he m anne r o f r e achi ng th at gre a t e nd which y o ur M aj e sty

is ab o ut t o pro p o s e .
”

Th at will b e my t e xt I t is a fe rtil e fi e ld I will se e yo u

. .

this e ve ni ng at t he Pri nc e ss o f T o ur s ’
.
”

I i nfo rm e d t he Emp e r o r N ap o l e o n o f t he r e sult o f my

i nt e rvi e w ; he w as d e light e d with t he id e a th at he wo uld h ave
t o r e ply i nst e a d o f a ski ng I had sc a rc e ly tim e t o a dd s e v e r a l
.

w o rds A lre a dy the C z ar A l e x and e r dism o u nt e d fro m his h o rs e

.

in t he y a rd The t w o s o v e r e ig ns r e m ai ne d s e v e r a l h o urs t o
.

g e th e r a nd a ll the c o urt w as fro m th at m o m e nt struck with t he

, ,

fa mili a r e xpre ssi o n o f fri e ndship th at e xist e d b e tw e e n th e m ;

e v e n e tiqu e tt e s e e m e d t o b e r e l a x e d b e tw e e n th e m duri ng th o s e

l ast d ays A n air o f h arm o ny displ aye d its e lf e ve rywh e re and

.
,

it w as a ls o tru e th at th e y w e re p e rfe ctly h appy The gre a t

divo rc e qu e sti o n was m o o t e d a nd it w as so in a w ay t o furnish
N ap o l e o n with r e pli e s t o all tho s e w ho a tt a ch e d t o the Empre ss ,

J o s e phi ne fo u nd in he r a cc e ssi o n a gu a rant e e o f th e ir p e rs o nal

,

situ ati o n .

N ap o l e o n was a lre ady dr e a mi ng o f fo u ndi ng a l asti ng e m

pire ; t he C z ar o f R ussi a b e li e ve d he had b o u nd N ap o l e o n to
hims e lf a nd fl atte re d hims e lf th at by his p e rs o nal i nflu e nce
, ,

he had give n t o R ussi an p o licy t he supp o rt o f him t o wh o m

t he e ntire w o rld r e nd e r e d h o m ag e and b e fo r e t he g e nius o f ,

wh o m a ll di fficulti e s v anish e d Thus at t he pl ay in t he pre s e nc e .

, ,

o f a ll Erfurt he a ro s e a nd t o o k t he h a nd o f N a p o l e o n a t this
, ,

li ne o f G dipe
’ ’
L a initz e d un g ra nd Izo nz nze e st nu p rese nt des die u x .

( Vo lt air e ) A c t I , S c e ne
,
. I .
)

Th e y th e n b o th l o o k e d up o n ea ch o th e r as e ss e nti a l to th e ir
1
The fri e ndship of a gr e at m an is a gift from the go ds .
 TH E E R F UR T I N TE R VI E W 3 39

c o mm o n future Wh e n t he numb e r o f d ays th at sh o uld o ccupy

.

t he i nt e rvi e w h ad p a ss e d th e y s e p a ra t e d in t e s t ifyi ng t he m o st
,

si nc e re re gre ts a nd t he m o st c o mpl e t e c o nfid e nc e The l a st

,
.

m o rni ng th at N ap o l e o n sp e nt a t Erfurt w as e mpl o ye d in s e e i ng ,

p e o pl e The sc e ne th a t his p a l ac e pre s e nt e d th at l as t day will

.

n e v e r v a nish fr o m my m e m o ry H e w a s surr o u n d e d by pri nc e s

. ,

o f wh o m h e h ad e ith e r d e str o y e d t he a rmi e s o r r e duc e d t he ,

d o mi ni o ns o r humbl e d the prid e Th e re w as no o ne w ho d are d

, .

a sk f o r a nythi ng Th e y simply wish e d t o b e s e e n a nd t o b e

.
,

s e e n t he l ast t o b e re m e mb e re d by him A ll such humility .

w as with o ut r e c o mp e ns e H e no tic e d o nly t he a c a d e mici a ns

.

o f W e im a r I t w as t o th e m a l o ne th a t he sp o k e a nd he d e sir e d
.
,

at t he l a st m o m e nt t o l e av e with th e m a ne w v a ri e ty o f
impre ssi o n H e a sk e d th e m i f th e re we re m any id e o l o gists in
.

G e rm any .

“
Y e s sir e re pli e d o ne o f th e m
, , a su ffi c ie nt ly l a rg e numb e r ,
.

I pity yo u I h av e s o m e at P a ris
. The y a re dre a m e rs .
,

a nd d a ng e r o us dr e a m e rs Th e y a re a ll pl a i n o r disguis e d
.

m at e ri alists .

“
G e ntl e m e n he s aid in ra isi ng his vo ic e phil o s o ph e rs
, , ,
“

l ab o ur h a rd t o cr e at e syste ms ; th e y will s e a rch in va i n fo r a

b e tt e r o ne th an th a t o f C hristi anity which in re c o ncili ng m a n , ,

with hims e lf assure s at t he s am e tim e public o rd e r a nd t h e

tranquillity o f t he st at e Y o ur id e o l o gists d e stro y a ll illusi o ns
.
,

a n d t he age o f illusi o ns is f o r nati o ns as f o r i ndividu als

,
t he , ,

ag e o f h appi ne ss I t a k e a w ay with m e o n l e avi ng yo u a

.

th o ught th a t is ve ry pre ci o us t o m e it is th at yo u will pre s e rve ,

a pl e a s a n t r e m e mbra nc e o f m e A fe w mi nut e s a ft e r he w as
”
,
.

in his c a rri ag e o n his w ay as he th o ught t o t he c o nqu e st o f

, , ,

S p ai n.

I subj o i n h e re t he tr e aty such as it w as sig ne d at Erfurt

, ,
.

A fe w diffe re nc e s will b e fo u nd in t he o rd e r o f t he a rticl e s ,

b e t we e n the proj e ct which t he e mp e ro r had re qu e st e d o f m e

t o dr a w up a nd th a t tr e aty
, The a rticl e c o n c e r ni ng W a ll c hia
. a

a nd M o ld avi a has t he a pp e a r a nc e o f b e i ng m o difi e d a nd ne v e r , ,

t he le ss t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n th o ugh he ha d fo rm a lly r e c o g niz e d

,

t he u ni o n o f th o s e t wo pr o vi nc e s with R ussi a e x act e d so p ro ,

fo u nd a s e cre t o n t he c o ns e nt th at he g ave to th at u ni o n that in ,

3 40 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

his th o ughts t he t w o a rticl e s had ve ry ne a rly t he s a m e s e ns e I t .

will b e no tic e d e sp e ci a lly in this l ast d r a fti ng o f t he t re a ty

, ,

th at th e re is no l o nge r a ny qu e sti o n o f t he t w o a rt icl e s th at t he

Emp e ro r N ap o l e o n had i ntro duc e d in t he s e c o nd t he o ne by ,

which he e st ablish e d hims e lf as j udge o f t he m o tive s th a t sh o uld

d e t e rmi ne R ussi a t o d e cl a re w a r up o n A ustri a t he o th e r re l a ,

tiv e t o t he m a rch o f a b o dy o f R ussi a n tro ps ne a r t he A ustri an o

fro nti e rs u nd e r t he pre t e xt o f t he p o siti o n o f t he c abi ne t o f

,

S ai nt P e t e rsburg with t he O tt o m an P o rt e .

TH E E R F UR T CO N V E N TI O N , O C TO B E R 1 2 TH , 1 80 8, R A TI F I E D
O N TH E I 3 TH .

H M the
. Emp e ro r o f the Fre nch Ki ng o f I t aly pro t e ct o r o f
.
, ,

the C o n fe d e rati o n o f t he R hi ne & c a nd H M t he Emp e r o r o f ,

.
,
. .

R ussi a & c, wishi ng t o re nd e r m o re bi ndi ng a nd fo r e ve r

.
,

durabl e t he a lli anc e which u nit e s th e m and t aki ng it up n , o

th e ms e lve s to c o m e t o a n ult e ri o r u nd e rs t andi ng if th e re sh o uld ,

b e any ne e d o f it o n t he ne w d e cisi o ns t o t k a nd o n t he ne w
,
a e,

m e th o ds o f att ack t o b e dire ct e d ag a i nst E ngl a nd th e ir c o mm o n ,

e ne my a nd t he e ne my o f t he C o nt i ne nt h av e r e s o lve d t o ,

e st ablish in a sp e ci a l c o nv e nti o n t he pri n cipl e s th t th e y h av e a

d e t e rmi ne d t o i nvari ably fo ll o w in all th e ir u nd e rt aki ngs to , ,

s e cure t he r e st o rati o n o f p e ac e .

“
Th e y h av e t o th at e ffe ct a ppo i nt e d na m e ly H M t he
, , , . .

Emp e ro r o f t he Fr e nch & c H E x c M J e an B ap t ist e N o m , .

, . . .

p ere de C h a mp ag ny Co u nt o f t he Empire & c his Mi nist e r o f

, ,
.
,

F o re ig n A ffa irs .

“
A nd H M t he C z a r o f a ll t he R ussi a s & c H E x c t he
. .
,
.
,
. .

C o u nt Nic o l a s de R o m a n o ff his pri vat e c o u ns e ll o r a c t u ally a

z , ,

m e mb e r o f t he C o u ncil M i niste r o f F o re ig n A ffa irs & c

, , .

“
W ho agr e e t o th at which fo ll o ws
A rt I — H M t he Emp e ro r o f t he Fr e nch & c a nd H M t he
. . . .
, . . .

C z a r o f all t he R ussi a s & c c o nfi rm a nd i nasmuch as th e r e

,
.
, ,

i s ne e d re ne w t he a lli anc e c o nclud e d b e twe e n th e m a t Tilsit

, ,

e ng agi ng th e ms e lv e s no t o nly t o abst a i n fr o m m a ki ng wi t h t he

c o mm o n e ne my a ny s e p a ra t e p e ac e but a ls o no t t o e nt e r with ,

he r o n a ny ne g o ti ati o n a nd no t t o list e n t o a ny o f he r p ro
p o siti o ns e xc e pt by mutu al c o ns e nt
A rt I I —
.

“
.Thus re s o lve d t o r e m a i n i ns e p arably u nit e d in
.

p e ac e a s in w a r the high c o ntracti ng p arti e s a gre e to nam e

,

pl e nip o t e nti ari e s to tre at fo r p e ac e with E ngl and a nd t o s e nd ,

3 42 TH E M E M OI R S OF P R I N CE TA L L E YR A N D .

ing b e twe e n t he Fre nch nati o n a nd t he P o rt e as w e ll as t he ,

s e curity o f t he Fre nch subj e cts r e sid e nt in L e v nti ne p o rts a nd a ,

t o pr e v e nt t he P o rt e fr o m thr o wi ng its e lf up o n t he pr o t e cti o n

o f E ngl a nd

A rt X —I n c a s e t he O tt o m an P o rt e r e fus e t he c e ssi o n o f
.

. .

t he t w o pr o vi nc e s w ar sh a ll th e n b e d e cl a r e d
,
T he Emp e r o r .

N ap o l e o n will t ak e no p a rt in it and will limit hims e lf t o e m ,

pl o yi ng his go o d o ffi c e s t o d e cid e t he O tto m an P o rt e but if it ,

sh o uld c o m e t o p ass th a t A ustri a o r any o th e r p o we r m a k e ,

c o mm o n c a us e wi t h t he O t t o m a n Empire in t he s a id w a r ,

H M t he Emp e r o r N a p o l e o n will m ak e c o mm o n c a us e imm e

. .

di t e ly with R ussi a such c a s e b e i ng o ne o f th o s e fo r e s e e n by

a ,

t he G e ne r a l A lli a n c e th a t u nit e s t he t w o e mpir e s .

“
I n c a s e A ustri a d e cl a re d w a r a g a i nst Fr n c e t he C z a r o f a ,

R ussi a bi nds hims e lf t o d e cl a re w a r a g ai nst A ustri a a nd t o ,

m ak e c o mm o n c aus e with Fr a nc e
A rt X I —The high c o ntr a cti ng p a rti e s bi nd th e ms e lv e s
.

“
. .

t o m a i nt a i n m o r e o v e r t he i nt e grity o f t he o th e r p o ss e ssi o ns o f
t he O t t o m a n Empire no t willi ng t o m a k e th e ms e lve s o r t o
, ,

su ffe r th a t th e re sh o uld be m a d e a ny att e mpt ag a i nst a ny ,

p o rti o n o f th a t e mpire wi t h o ut th e ir h avi ng pre vi o usly a gre e d

,

t o it
A rt X I I — I f t he a tt e mpts m a d e by t he t wo high c o ntr a ct
.

ing p a rti e s t o bri ng a b o ut p e a c e sh o uld fa il b e it th at E ngl a n d ,

d e cli ne t he pro p o si t i o ns th a t sh a ll be m ad e he r o r th at t he ,

ne g o ti ati o ns b e bro k e n Th e ir I mp e ri a l M aj e sti e s sh a ll m e e t

,

a g a i n withi n t he d e l a y o f o ne y e a r t o a gr e e up o n t he mutu a l
,

o p e r a ti o n s o f t he w a r a nd up o n t he m e th o ds o r m e ans t o
c o nti nu e it with a ll t he re s o urc e s o f t he tw o e mpire s
A rt X I I I —The t w o high c o ntr a c t i ng p a r t i e s willi ng t o
.

“
. .
,

re c o g niz e t he l o y a l t y a nd t he p e rs e ve ra nce wi t h which t he Ki ng

o f D e n m a rk has sust a i ne d th e i r c o mm o n c a us e bi nd th e m ,

s e lve s t o pro cure him c o mp e ns ati o n fo r his s a crifi c e s and t o

re c o g niz e t he a cquisiti o ns he might m a ke in the c o urs e o f t he
w a r a b o v e a llud e d t o
A rt X I V —The pr e s e nt c o nv e nti o n sh a ll b e h e ld s e cr e t
.

“
. .

duri ng the sp a c e o f at l e a st t e n y e ars .

E R F U R T, Oeiooer 1 2, 1 80 8
.

E ND O F TH E F I F T H PA R T .
R ICHA R D C LA Y A ND S O NS , L I M I TE D ,
L O O
ND N A ND B U N GA Y.