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AICT Lecture#02

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16 views4 pages

AICT Lecture#02

Uploaded by

waleedsaghar7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Information and communication

Technologies:
Lecture:02
Contents
Components of Information and communication
Technology
 Basics of Hardware
 Basics of Software

Basics of Hardware
Let's go through some of the basic components of hardware in the context of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT):

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer,
the CPU performs most of the processing. It interprets and executes instructions
from the computer's memory.
2. Memory (RAM and ROM):
 RAM (Random Access Memory): This is the temporary storage that the
computer uses to store data that is actively being used or processed. It is
volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off.
 ROM (Read-Only Memory): This is non-volatile memory that stores
firmware or software that is essential for the computer's basic functions. It
retains data even when the power is turned off.
3. Storage Devices:
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Provides long-term storage for data. It's a magnetic
storage device.
 Solid State Drive (SSD): Similar to an HDD but uses flash memory for faster
data access.

Application of Information and Communication Technologies Ghias Hamid, Lecturer CSIT department, MUST

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 Removable Storage (e.g., USB drives, memory cards): Portable storage
devices that can be connected to the computer.
4. Motherboard: This is the main circuit board of the computer. It contains the CPU,
memory, and connectors for other peripherals. It serves as the central
communication hub for all the components.
5. Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electrical power from an outlet into a form
that the computer can use. It provides power to all the components.
6. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Responsible for rendering graphics and
accelerating certain calculations. GPUs are crucial for gaming, video editing, and
other graphics-intensive tasks.
7. Input Devices:
 Keyboard and Mouse: Common input devices for interacting with the
computer.
 Touchscreens, Trackpads, and Styluses: Input devices often used in
laptops and tablets.
8. Output Devices:
 Monitor (or Display): Shows the visual output from the computer.
 Printer: Produces hard copies of documents or images.
9. Networking Components:
 Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows the computer to connect to a
network.
 Router and Modem: Devices that facilitate network connectivity.
10. Cooling Systems:
 Fans, Heat Sinks, Liquid Cooling: Used to dissipate heat generated by the
CPU and other components to prevent overheating.

Application of Information and Communication Technologies Ghias Hamid, Lecturer CSIT department, MUST

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Basics of Software
Software is a crucial component of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) that enables computers and devices to perform various tasks. Here are some
basics of software:

1. Operating System (OS):


 An operating system is a fundamental software that manages hardware
resources and provides services for computer programs. Examples include
Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
2. Device Drivers:
 These are specialized programs that allow the operating system to
communicate with and control specific hardware components, such as
printers, graphics cards, and network adapters.
3. Application Software:
 Applications or apps are programs designed to perform specific tasks for the
user. Examples include word processors (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets
(Excel), web browsers (Google Chrome), and media players.
4. Utilities:
 Utility software performs a specific task, usually related to managing system
resources or maintaining the system. Examples include antivirus software,
disk cleanup tools, and backup utilities.
5. Programming Languages:
 Programming languages are used to write software. Examples include
Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. Developers use these languages to create
applications, websites, and other software solutions.
6. Firmware:
 Firmware is a type of software that is embedded in hardware devices. It
provides low-level control for the device's specific hardware components.
For example, the firmware in a router controls its networking functionality.
7. Graphical User Interface (GUI):
 The GUI is a type of software interface that allows users to interact with
computers and devices using graphical elements such as icons, buttons, and
windows. It provides a more user-friendly experience compared to
command-line interfaces.

Application of Information and Communication Technologies Ghias Hamid, Lecturer CSIT department, MUST

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8. System Software:
 In addition to the operating system, system software includes other essential
programs that help manage and maintain the computer system. Examples
include system utilities, device drivers, and security software.
9. Web Browsers:
 Software that allows users to access and navigate the World Wide Web.
Examples include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

Understanding the interplay between hardware and software is essential for


effectively utilizing technology in the ICT domain. Hardware provides the physical
platform, while software gives instructions and functionality to that hardware.
Together, they enable the diverse range of applications and services we use in our
daily lives.

____________________

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